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Yu H, Guo M, Wang X, Zhang J, Sun H, Zhang X, Yang M, Luo F, Wu L, Zhou L. Nitenpyram in tea: Eco-friendly detection methodology and residue behavior. Food Res Int 2024; 192:114679. [PMID: 39147536 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Studies on nitenpyram determination and behavior within tea remain limited despite its widespread use as a neonicotinoid. An organic-saving analytical approach tailored for the detection of nitenpyram in tea was established. Nitenpyram was extracted by boiling water and cleaned up by Cleanert PCX solid-phase. The average recoveries were 75.1-94.5 %, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.7-8.6 % for saving 34.5-88.6 % organic solvent. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.002 mg·kg-1 in fresh tea shoots, 0.005 mg·kg-1 in made tea, and 0.001 mg·L-1 in tea brew, satisfying the current minimum Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). Nitenpyram dissipated rapidly with half-lives of 1.2-1.4 days at the recommended dosage (27 g a.i. ha-1) in two locations. Remarkably, 20-110 % of nitenpyram was leached out from made tea in different brewing modes. This work provides insights into nitenpyram's rational application in tea cultivation and offers considerations to institutions tasked with unestablished MRLs in tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Mingming Guo
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Xinru Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Jiazhen Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Hezhi Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Fengjian Luo
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Luchao Wu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China.
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Mwangola DM, Kees AM, Grosman DM, Norris KE, Maddox MP, Aukema BH. Associational protection of urban ash trees treated with systemic insecticides against emerald ash borer. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:990909. [PMID: 38469523 PMCID: PMC10926447 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.990909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus plannipenis Fairmaire, is an invasive insect accidentally introduced to North America from Asia that attacks and kills ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). A common control strategy in urban centers has been the injection of systemic insecticides into mature trees, which can be costly at large scales. This study investigated whether treating a subset of a susceptible urban ash population could confer associational protection to untreated trees; i.e. improving or maintaining crown health of the latter. We selected approximately 100 mature ash trees along city streets in each of 12 sites in central and southeastern Minnesota in 2017. Each site had low but growing infestations of EAB such that canopy decline was not yet widespread. We treated 50% of trees with emamectin benzoate in eight sites and 50% of trees in four sites with azadirachtin in site-wide spatial gradients, such that the remaining 50% of trees at all sites were left untreated. Crown health of all trees was monitored for five years (2017 to 2021). Across all sites, we noted an overall maintenance or increase in crown health of both treated and untreated trees, while groups of untreated reference trees approximately three km distant from each site to monitor general tree health and EAB pressure declined quickly. These results suggested that protective benefits were conferred by treated trees to untreated trees within sites. Quantifying the spatial scale of canopy preservation of untreated trees within sites proved challenging due to the lack of variation in crown condition between treated and untreated trees. In two of the twelve sites treated with emamectin benzoate, we noted statistical evidence of improvements in crown condition of untreated trees when located within 100m of treated trees. Treating a subset of a susceptible ash population may aid in preserving untreated trees and provides a basis for developing a more cost-effective and environmentally favorable treatment regimen against EAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorah M. Mwangola
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Aubree M. Kees
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | | | - Kari E. Norris
- Department of Chemistry, Bethel University, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | | | - Brian H. Aukema
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
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Long Y, Zhang H, Liao G, Chen M, Chen X, Qin L, Chen C, Chen Z, Wu X, Zhu F. Distribution of Emamectin Benzoate Granules in Maize Plants by Broadcasting into Maize Leaf Whorls. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4209-4219. [PMID: 36743034 PMCID: PMC9893741 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Good control effects on fall armyworm (FAW) can be obtained by broadcasting emamectin benzoate (EB) granules into maize leaf whorls. However, the distribution of EB in maize plants is not clear. In this study, EB granules were prepared by the rotating granulation method, and the granules were characterized using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The behavior of EB granules in water was observed using a microscope, and in vitro release of EB from granules was also studied. A method for the determination of EB in maize plants, old leaves, grains, and cobs was established by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that EB was loaded in granules successfully, and the granules disintegrated slowly in water, so the release of granules could be regulated using various water contents. The prepared EB granules were qualified and stable. The field experiment showed that the concentration of EB in maize leaf whorls could be maintained above 0.23 mg·kg-1 within 3 days after broadcasting EB granules. This ensured that FAW could be killed in a short time. Then, EB gradually transferred to the old leaves. After 21 days of application, the content of EB in the old leaves was 0.07 mg·kg-1, which has long-time control effects on FAW. The control effects of the three doses of granules against Spodoptera frugiperda were higher than 78% after 14 days of application. At the tested dosage, no phytotoxicity to crops was observed. At harvest, neither the maize grain nor the cobs had EB content. New controlled formulations to S. frugiperda were developed and will be suitable for application in mountainous areas where the lack of water resources is a factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Long
- Guizhou
Key Laboratory of Mountain Agricultural Diseases and Insect Pests, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, China
- Guizhou
Center for Pesticide Risk Monitoring, Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang550006, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Guizhou
Center for Pesticide Risk Monitoring, Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang550006, China
| | - Guohui Liao
- Guizhou
Center for Pesticide Risk Monitoring, Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang550006, China
| | - Minggui Chen
- Guizhou
Center for Pesticide Risk Monitoring, Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang550006, China
| | - Xiangyan Chen
- Guizhou
Center for Pesticide Risk Monitoring, Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang550006, China
| | - Lixin Qin
- Guizhou
Center for Pesticide Risk Monitoring, Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang550006, China
| | - Caijun Chen
- Guizhou
Center for Pesticide Risk Monitoring, Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang550006, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, China
| | - Xiaomao Wu
- Guizhou
Key Laboratory of Mountain Agricultural Diseases and Insect Pests, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Guizhou
Center for Pesticide Risk Monitoring, Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang550006, China
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,
Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang550025, China
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4
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Dissipation and processing factors of emamectin benzoate and tolfenpyrad in tea (Camellia Sinensis). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
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5
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Reddy BKK, Bhuvaneswari K, Geetha P, Thamilarasi N, Suganthi A, Paramasivam M. Effect of decontamination and processing on insecticide residues in grape (Muscat Hamburg). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:75790-75804. [PMID: 35661308 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of simple decontamination methods and processing on imidacloprid, dimethoate, and emamectin benzoate residues in grapes and their processed products by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among the decontamination methods evaluated, washing with NaCl (2%) solution was effective for reducing imidacloprid (77.55%), dimethoate (83.27%), and emamectin benzoate (77.28%) residues in mature grapes. No metabolites (omethoate and 6-chloronicotinic acid) were detected in both decontamination and processing studies. The grapes were processed into various products, including fresh juice, squash, and raisin, following the standard effective steps for each product. Washing with NaCl (2%) solution for decontamination was included as an additional step in the standard protocol and resulted in substantial removal of surface residues of the selected insecticides. The processing factor calculated was less than one for all the products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Padmanaban Geetha
- Department of Food Processing, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Natarajan Thamilarasi
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Angappan Suganthi
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mariappan Paramasivam
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Tian Q, Ali S, Tang L, Wu J. Toxicological and Biochemical Description of Synergism of Beauveria bassiana and Emamectin Benzoate against Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagrall). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090916. [PMID: 36135641 PMCID: PMC9503021 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prophylactic application of synthetic insecticides to manage Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagrall) has resulted in insecticide resistance and negative impacts upon natural ecosystems. This has driven the need for developing alternative pest control strategies. In the present study, we investigated the synergistic interaction between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and the insecticide emamectin benzoate on M. usitatus. The results of our research exhibited that higher doses of emamectin benzoate inhibited the germination rate and colony growth of B. bassiana. The percentage of M. usitatus mortality following B. bassiana and emamectin benzoate treatment indicated a dose–mortality effect. All concentrations of emamectin benzoate combined with different concentrations of B. bassiana demonstrated a synergistic effect five days post-treatment. When B. bassiana and emamectin benzoate were applied alone or in combination, antioxidant enzyme activities, including acetylcholinesterase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase, were significantly lower in M. usiatus than in the controls at the end of the experimental period. The findings of our study confirm the synergistic effect of B. bassiana and emamectin benzoate on M. usitatus, as well as the biochemical process that might be involved in the regulation of the synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingheng Tian
- Taiqian County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Puyang 457600, China
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liangde Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (J.W.)
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7
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Liao Z, Cao D, Gao Z. Monitoring and risk assessment of perchlorate in tea samples produced in China. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Fang L, Long N, Li Y, Liao X, Shi L, Zhao H, Zhou L, Kong W. Transfer behavior of pesticides from honeysuckle into tea infusions: Establishment of an empirical model for transfer rate prediction. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113377. [PMID: 35272189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Affected by some external conditions and internal factors, pesticides can be transferred from tea into its infusion, causing subsequent damage to humans as tea infusion is generally consumed. This study aimed to explore the inherent regularity in transfer behavior of 23 pesticides belonging to different classes from honeysuckle to its tea infusion, and to understand the effects of external brewing conditions and internal physicochemical parameters of the pesticides on their transfer rates. Results indicated that the transfer rates (Rt) of pesticides from honeysuckle into tea solutions increased with prolonged brewing time, or adding a cover on a container, but decreased with increasing the times of infusion. In addition, the transfer potential of these pesticides greatly depended on their physicochemical properties but not their type. The pesticides with high water solubility and low water partition coefficient (LogKow, e.g., omethoate) were more easily transferred into tea infusions than those with low water solubility and high LogKow (e.g., chlorpyrifos). Compared the tea brewing in a covered container, the empirical models obtained in an uncovered cup predicted the transfer behavior and drinking risk of pesticides potentially introduced into honeysuckle and its tea infusion. The linear equation was as follow: Rt = 10.756 LogWS + 7.517, R = 0.8771. In practice, honeysuckle should be brewed in an uncovered cup within a short brewing time, and the first tea infusion should be abandoned to reduce the transfer percentage of pesticides. This study provided beneficial references for pesticide application in honeysuckle plantation to establish realistic maximum residue limits of multi-pesticides in honeysuckle tea and related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Long
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofang Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linchun Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Pharmacy College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Lidong Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weijun Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Bai A, Chen A, Chen W, Liu S, Luo X, Liu Y, Zhang D. Residue behavior, transfer and risk assessment of tolfenpyrad, dinotefuran and its metabolites during tea growing and tea brewing. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5992-6000. [PMID: 33851415 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tolfenpyrad and dinotefuran are two representative pesticides used for pest control in tea gardens. Their application may bring about a potential risk to the health of consumers. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the residue behavior, transfer and risk assessment of tolfenpyrad, dinotefuran and metabolites from tea garden to teacup. RESULTS An effective analytical method was established and validated to simultaneously determine tolfenpyrad, dinotefuran and its metabolites (DN and UF) in tea. The average recoveries of tolfenpyrad, dinotefuran, DN and UF were in the range 72.1-106.3%, with relative standard deviations lower than 11.8%. On the basis of the proposed method, the dissipation of tolfenpyrad and dinotefuran in fresh tea leaves followed first-order kinetics models with half-lives of 4.30-7.33 days and 4.65-5.50 days, respectively. With application amounts of 112.5-168.75 g a.i. ha-1 once or twice, the terminal residues of tolfenpyrad and total dinotefuran in green tea were lower than 19.6 and 7.13 mg kg-1 , respectively, and below their corresponding maximum residue limits . The leaching rates of tolfenpyrad and total dinotefuran during the tea brewing were in the ranges 1.4-2.3% and 93.7-98.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION Tolfenpyrad and dinotefuran in tea were easily degraded. The RQc and RQa values for tolfenpyrad were 37.6% and 5.4%, which were much higher than for dinotefuran at 24.7% and 0.84%, respectively. The data indicated that there was no significant health risk in tea for consumers at the recommended dosages. The results provide scientific data regarding the reasonable use of tolfenpyrad and dinotefuran aiming to ensure safe tea consuption. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Bai
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Wuying Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Shaowen Liu
- Hunan Institute of Agricultural Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangwen Luo
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Deyong Zhang
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
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Yu H, Sun H, Wang X, Liang Y, Guo M, Yu J, Yang M, Zhang X, Luo F, Zhou L. Residue behavior and safety evaluation of pymetrozine in tea. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:4118-4124. [PMID: 33368323 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pymetrozine is a widely used pesticide. It is challenging to analyze and difficult to manage due to the large gap in its global maximum residue limits (MRLs) in tea. The development of a high-efficiency detection method for the evaluation of the transfer of residual pymetrozine from tea plantations to tea cups is therefore of prime significance. RESULTS An analytical method for the determination of pymetrozine residues in tea was established based on Cleanert PCX solid-phase extraction. The average recoveries were 72.2-93.7%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 12%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.005 mg·kg-1 in fresh tea leaves and dry tea, and 0.00025 mg·L-1 in tea brew. Pymetrozine degraded rapidly in tea plants with a half-life (t1/2 ) of 1.9 days in open tea plantations, and decreased by 9.4-23.7% in the green tea-processing procedure, which was concentration dependent. The residual pymetrozine levels in green tea collected at 6 and 21 days were below the MRLs in China and EU at a dosage of 30 g a.i. ha-1 , respectively. The leaching rates of pymetrozine from dry tea to tea brew were 58.7-96.3%. Hazard quotient (HQ) values of pymetrozine were significantly <100% when tea shoots were plucked in 6 days, which indicated a negligible risk to humans. CONCLUSION This work allows the determination of residual pymetrozine in tea and illustrates a low intake risk with the use of pymetrozine in tea plantations. It could serve as reference for further regulation consideration for maximum residue limits (MRLs). © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hezhi Sun
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yabo Liang
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Guo
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Yu
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengjian Luo
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
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Yin P, Dai J, Guo G, Wang Z, Liu W, Liu X, Chen H. Residue pattern of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite in tea from cultivation to consumption. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:4134-4141. [PMID: 33368359 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus pesticide widely used to control tea geometrid (Ectropis oblique) and tea green leafhoppers (Empoasca pirisuga Matsumura) in tea trees. The major metabolite of CPF in water, plants, and animals is 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, which is more toxic than CPF. However, the dissipation pattern of CPF in tea is unknown. RESULTS An optimized QuEChERS sample preparation method combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied to determine the residues of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite in tea during tea planting and green tea processing. During tea planting, the sum of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite dissipated rapidly with a half-life of 1.93 days for tea shoots. The residues of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite in made green tea were 96.89 and 35.88 μg kg-1 on the seventh day. The values for processing factors of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite were all less than 1, showing that each green tea manufacturing step was responsible for the reduction. The transfer rates of chlorpyrifos and its metabolite from made green tea to its infusion were 0.68-4.62% and 62.93-71.79%, respectively. CONCLUSION The risk of chlorpyrifos was negligible to human health based on the hazard quotient, which was 7.4%. This study provides information relevant to the reasonable application of chlorpyrifos in tea planting and is potentially helpful for tea exporting and importing countries to establish harmonized maximum residue limits. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan, College of Tea Science, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Dai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiyi Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan, College of Tea Science, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan, College of Tea Science, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan, College of Tea Science, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Wang R, Liu B, Zheng Q, Qin D, Luo P, Zhao W, Ye C, Huang S, Cheng D, Zhang Z. Residue and dissipation of two formulations of emamectin benzoate in tender cowpea and old cowpea and a risk assessment of dietary intake. Food Chem 2021; 361:130043. [PMID: 34029897 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The dissipation and residue levels of emamectin benzoate emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and microemulsion (ME) formulations in tender cowpeas and old cowpeas were investigated under field conditions. The decline curves of emamectin benzoate residues in cowpea corresponded to first-order kinetics. The dissipation rate of emamectin benzoate in tender cowpeas was faster than that in old cowpeas. The half-lives of the EC were 1.34-1.39 d and 1.74-2.31 d in tender cowpea and old cowpea, respectively. For the ME, the half-lives were 1.39-1.51 d and 2.08-2.67 d, respectively. The risk of adult intake of emamectin benzoate from cowpea is within the acceptable limits of the human body. Compared to tender cowpeas, the risk of eating old cowpeas is higher. Emamectin benzoate (EC) is recommended for cowpeas when the intention is to harvest tender cowpeas, while both formulations are acceptable for cowpeas when the intention is to harvest old cowpeas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Benju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Deqiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peiru Luo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Cuiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Suqing Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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13
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Xiao JJ, Wang F, Ma JJ, Xu X, Liao M, Fang QK, Cao HQ. Acceptable risk of fenpropathrin and emamectin benzoate in the minor crop Mugua (Chaenomeles speciosa) after postharvest processing. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116716. [PMID: 33592440 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Production of minor crop varieties often requires intensive pesticide use, which raises serious concerns over food safety and human health. Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai as one of the representative of this kind of crops is therefore used for investigating the residue behavior of fenpropathrin and emamectin benzoate, a synthetic pyrethroid and macrocyclic lactone widely used as an insecticide, respectively, from cultivation to C. speciosa postharvest processing. Results showed that the degradation trends of those selected insecticides in C. speciosa followed first-order kinetics with an average half-life (t1/2) of 3.7-4.1 days and a dissipation rate of 97% over 14 days. The terminal residues of fenpropathrin and emamectin benzoate at 120 and 3 g a.i./ha were below the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (FAD, 1.00 mg/kg) and European Union (EU, 0.01 mg/kg) maximum residue limits (MRLs) in papaya species, respectively, when measured 14 days after the final application, which suggested that the use of these insecticides was safe for humans. Postharvest processing procedure resulted in a |90% reduction of the insecticides. Moreover, the hazard quotient (HQ) for C. speciosa decoction (with processing factors) indicated an acceptable risk for human consumption. These findings provide the scientific evidence of reasonable application and risk assessment of the selected pesticide residues in C. speciosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jing Xiao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Jin-Juan Ma
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Kui Fang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China.
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14
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Lin Z, Lin Y, Lin J, Zhang Y, Fang S. Trace Analysis of Fenbutatin Oxide in Soil and Plant- and Animal-Derived Foods Using Modified QuEChERS Coupled with HPLC-MS/MS. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10260-10265. [PMID: 34056180 PMCID: PMC8153780 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A modified QuEChERS method in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was first developed for the determination of fenbutatin oxide in six types of samples (soil, tobacco, rice, milk, pork liver, and pork). Fenbutatin oxide was extracted with acetonitrile containing 1% formic acid (v/v) and purified by dispersive solid-phase extraction using primary secondary amine (PSA) and quantitatively analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. In the range of 0.005-1 mg/kg, a good linear relationship exists between the concentration of fenbutatin oxide and the peak area, giving a coefficient of determination (R 2) of >0.99. The recoveries of fenbutatin oxide at three spiked levels were 79.04-97.12% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.30-10.96%, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.007 mg/kg. In addition, the developed method is consistent with the reference method (R 2 = 0.9896, n = 40). The method is demonstrated to be convenient and reliable for the routine monitoring of fenbutatin oxide in soil and plant- and animal-derived foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Lin
- Sanming
Tobacco Company of Fujian Province, Sanming 365000, China
| | - Yingnan Lin
- Chinese
Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Tobacco Research, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jianqi Lin
- Sanming
Tobacco Company of Fujian Province, Sanming 365000, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Chinese
Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Tobacco Research, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Song Fang
- Chinese
Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Tobacco Research, Qingdao 266101, China
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15
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Doan NH, Duong HT, Trinh HT, Tanaka Y, Kadokami K. Comprehensive study of insecticides in atmospheric particulate matter in Hanoi, Vietnam: Occurrences and human risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128028. [PMID: 33182122 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is the most serious environmental issue in Vietnam, particularly in big cities. Air pollutants that are set as environmental standards are regularly monitored by the public institutions. Whereas, environmental data on organic micro-pollutants in atmospheric particulate matters (APMs) is limited, including PAHs and POPs. Although massive pesticides are used in big cities, their data in APMs in Vietnam is very scarce. In order to elucidate their occurrence in the ambient air in Hanoi and their health effects, we surveyed 107 insecticides in APMs by a novel target screening method using LC-QTOF-MS-SWATH. A total of 19 insecticides were detected in the dry and the rainy seasons. Among them, 16 substances are, to our knowledge, reported for the first time in the literature. Their total concentrations varied from 0.47 to 27.0 ng m-3 (median, 3.6 ng m-3), detection frequencies of 12 compounds are higher than 42%, and the number of insecticides detected per each sample ranging from 5 to 13 (median, 9). Total concentrations in the dry season were generally higher than in the rainy season, and concentrations at night were higher than daytime in both seasons. The level of insecticides depends not only on the season, but also on its physicochemical properties, its application conditions, and the meteorological conditions. Their emission sources could be related to agricultural usage, floricultural activities, and pest control in houses. The total maximum daily intake (DIair) through inhalation for adults and children were 2.39E-05 mg kg-1 d-1 and 2.98E-05 mg kg-1 d-1, respectively. The highest Hazard Quotients (HQs) were 1.34E-03 and 3.37E-03, and the highest Hazard Indices (HIs) were 2.71E-03 and 6.33E-03 for adults and children, respectively. All values of HQs, and HIs of insecticides were less than 1, indicating that health risk would be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hai Doan
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Sophia University, Kioicho 7-1, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Hanh Thi Duong
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ha Thu Trinh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Yoshinari Tanaka
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Sophia University, Kioicho 7-1, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Kiwao Kadokami
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
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16
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Yang Y, Liu X, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Zhang S, Lu P, Hu D. Dissipation, Processing, Leaching, and Safety Evaluation of Flonicamid and Its Metabolites in Tea. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:1441-1450. [PMID: 33247740 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea is a popular traditional non-alcoholic beverage worldwide. Flonicamid is a selective systemic pyridine carboxamide insecticide that is widely used for controlling tea leafhopper in tea. OBJECTIVE The leaching rates, dissipation dynamics, and residue levels of flonicamid and its metabolites in tea leaves during processing and transferring were investigated to validate the safe risk in tea and transfer behavior using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with a convenient pretreatment method. METHOD The extracting method and immersion rate experiments were optimized by single factor analysis and orthogonal tests. The acetonitrile extracting solvent with 0.5% formic acid was used and optimal leaching conditions were obtained with a regime of 15 min immersion time, 100°C temperature, three immersions and a tea-to-water ratio of 1:50. RESULTS Average recoveries in processed green tea and infusions were 80.85-98.75% with relative standard deviations <5.87%. LODs and LOQs of flonicamid, 4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid (TFNA), N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl) glycine (TFNG), and 4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide (TFNA-AM) were 0.0013-0.350 and 0.004-1 μg/g, respectively. The processing factor of flonicamid was 0.36-5.52 during green tea manufacture. The leaching rates were 22.9-97.4% from processed tea to infusion. CONCLUSIONS The risk of long-term and short-term dietary intake of flonicamid was safe in tea infusions with the risk quotient (RQ) values <1 for the Chinese consumer. This work may provide guidance for safe and reasonable consumption of flonicamid in tea in China. HIGHLIGHTS The suitable leaching factors of flonicamid and its metabolites in tea infusions were optimized by orthogonal experimentation for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Yang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering.,Guizhou University, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiangwu Liu
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering.,Guizhou University, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qingtao Zhang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering.,Guizhou University, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ya Chen
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering.,Guizhou University, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi, Shandong 276012, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering.,Guizhou University, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering.,Guizhou University, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guiyang 550025, China
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17
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Yang J, Luo F, Zhou L, Sun H, Yu H, Wang X, Zhang X, Yang M, Lou Z, Chen Z. Residue reduction and risk evaluation of chlorfenapyr residue in tea planting, tea processing, and tea brewing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139613. [PMID: 32534281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The chlorfenapyr residues in the entire tea chain, i.e., in tea planting, tea processing, and tea brewing, were systematically investigated. The degradation rate constants of chlorfenapyr in the tea plants ranged from 0.2460 to 0.2870 with the half-life of 2.4-3.0 days, and 87.5-89.9% of the chlorfenapyr in tea shoots dissipated in the interval of 7 days. In the processing process of both black tea and green tea, the chlorfenapyr residue decreased by 59.1-67.6% compared with the residue in tea shoots due to high vapor pressure (1.2 × 10-2 mPa 25 °C), and drying was the key step that dissipated the chlorfenapyr. A low leaching efficiency of 2.2-3.4% from tea leaves to tea infusion, resulted in low water solubility (0.14 mg L-1 25 °C), indicated that >90% of the residual chlorfenapyr was eliminated before the intake of tea infusion. On the basis of these results, an extremely large proportion of the chlorfenapyr deposited on tea shoots was degraded during tea planting, tea processing, and tea brewing, and the health risk was reduced primarily in the first and the last step rather than during tea processing. The remaining 0.2% chlorfenapyr sprayed on the tea shoots represents a negligible health risk based on the RQ assessment. The pesticides with high vapor pressure and low water solubility were more recommended in tea garden for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Fengjian Luo
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Hezhi Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zhengyun Lou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zongmao Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou 310008, China
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18
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Determination of 9,10-anthraquinone in tea consumed in Shandong Province of China. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Dai J, Jiang C, Gao G, Zhu L, Chai Y, Chen H, Liu X. Dissipation pattern and safety evaluation of cartap and its metabolites during tea planting, tea manufacturing and brewing. Food Chem 2020; 314:126165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Fang Q, Wu R, Hu G, Lai A, Wu K, Zhang L, Feng J, Cao H. Dissipation behavior, residue distribution and risk assessment of three fungicides in pears. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1757-1763. [PMID: 31825523 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungicides are often applied to pears before they are kept in storage facilities. The scientific application of pesticides can reduce unnecessary exposure, which in turn could benefit both humans and the environment. RESULTS We investigated dissipation behavior and residue distribution, and conducted risk assessments for prochloraz, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole in pears stored under different conditions using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The recoveries of the three fungicides ranged from 76.5% to 114.5%, and the coefficients of variation were 1.0%-8.5%. The half-life (t1/2 ) ranges for degradation of the three fungicides in Dangshan Su pear peel were 8.8-13.9 days after storage at 25 °C and 99.0-346.6 days after storage at 2 °C. Among the three fungicides, tebuconazole had the lowest residue concentration in pear pulp (maximum of 0.226 mg·kg-1 ) and the longest half-life (≥ 231.0 days). Accordingly, among these fungicides, tebuconazole is the most suitable for the preservation of Dangshan Su pears during storage. Finally, we analyzed samples of six pear varieties from markets in China and found that the residue concentrations of the three fungicides in pear pulp and fruit met Chinese standards. CONCLUSION The results provide a scientific basis for rationalizing the use of prochloraz, pyraclostrobin, and tebuconazole, and improving the safety of pears for eating. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkui Fang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruifeng Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guixian Hu
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aiping Lai
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Linwei Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajun Feng
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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21
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Gong W, Jiang M, Zhang T, Zhang W, Liang G, Li B, Hu B, Han P. Uptake and dissipation of metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil, cyantraniliprole and thiamethoxam in greenhouse chrysanthemum. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113499. [PMID: 31706771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Production of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) in greenhouses often requires intensive pesticide use, which raises serious concerns over food safety and human health. This study investigated uptake, translocation and residue dissipation of typical fungicides (metalaxyl-M and fludioxonil) and insecticides (cyantraniliprole and thiamethoxam) in greenhouse chrysanthemum when applied in soils. Chrysanthemum plants could absorb these pesticides from soils via roots to various degrees, and bioconcentration factors (BCFLS) were positively correlated with lipophilicity (log Kow) of pesticides. Highly lipophilic fludioxonil (log Kow = 4.12) had the greatest BCFLS (2.96 ± 0.41 g g-1), whereas hydrophilic thiamethoxam (log Kow = -0.13) had the lowest (0.09 ± 0.03 g g-1). Translocation factors (TF) from roots to shoots followed the order of TFleaf > TFstem > TFflower. Metalaxyl-M and cyantraniliprole with medium lipophilicity (log Kow of 1.71 and 2.02, respectively) and hydrophilic thiamethoxam showed relatively strong translocation potentials with TF values in the range of 0.29-0.81, 0.36-2.74 and 0.30-1.03, respectively. Dissipation kinetics in chrysanthemum flowers followed the first-order with a half-life of 21.7, 5.5, 10.0 or 8.2 days for metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil, cyantraniliprole and thiamethoxam, respectively. Final residues of these four pesticides, including clothianidin (a primary toxic metabolite of thiamethoxam), in all chrysanthemum flower samples were below the maximum residue limit (MRL) values 21 days after two soil applications each at the recommended dose (i.e., 3.2, 2.1, 4.3 and 4.3 kg ha-1, respectively). However, when doubling the recommended dose, the metabolite clothianidin remained at concentrations greater than the MRL, despite that thiamethoxam concentration was lower than the MRL value. This study provided valuable insights on the uptake and residues of metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil, cyantraniliprole and thiamethoxam (including its metabolite clothianidin) in greenhouse chrysanthemum production, and could help better assess food safety risks of chrysanthemum contamination by parent pesticides and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Gong
- Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing, 100097, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Gang Liang
- Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Bingru Li
- Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Beijing Plant Protection Station, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ping Han
- Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing, 100097, China
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22
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Jiang M, Zhang W, Zhang T, Liang G, Hu B, Han P, Gong W. Assessing transfer of pesticide residues from chrysanthemum flowers into tea solution and associated health risks. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109859. [PMID: 31677573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) flowers are consumed as a popular, traditional herbal tea worldwide. During tea infusion with hot water pesticide residues in chrysanthemum flowers can be transferred into tea solution, posing potential health risks to consumers. Using greenhouse chrysanthemum this study systematically investigated the transfer of metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil, cyantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin (a major metabolite of thiamethoxam) from dry chrysanthemum flowers to tea solution at a range of infusion repetitions, duration and water temperature. The tested pesticides were released into tea solution at varying degrees, and the maximum transfer percentage was 59.9%, 9.8%, 29.4%, 88.2% and 68.4% for metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil, cyantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin, respectively. The transfer of pesticides into tea solution generally increased with increasing pesticide water solubility, water temperature, infusion duration, and pesticide concentrations in dry chrysanthemum flowers, but decreased with increasing octanol-water partition coefficient and the number of infusion repetitions. Risk quotient for pesticide intake via consuming tea solution of chrysanthemum flowers (one and two times of recommended pesticide dosages) ranged from <0.00003 to 0.0924, indicating a low health risk. This study provides useful information for risk assessment of pesticide residues in greenhouse chrysanthemum flowers and may help establish realistic maximum residue limit of pesticides in chrysanthemum flowers and tea solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Gang Liang
- Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Beijing Plant Protection Station, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ping Han
- Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wenwen Gong
- Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China.
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Shao L, Xu S, Wang G, Yang L, Li R, Zhu J, Chen J, Jiang D. Fluoride in tea from Shandong Province, China and exposure assessment. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2020; 13:77-81. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2019.1710267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shao
- Department of Physical and Chemical Testing, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiming Xu
- The Center of Food Testing, Shandong Institute for Product Quality Inspection, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoling Wang
- Department of Physical and Chemical Testing, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luping Yang
- Department of Physical and Chemical Testing, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renpeng Li
- Department of Physical and Chemical Testing, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Department of Physical and Chemical Testing, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dafeng Jiang
- Department of Physical and Chemical Testing, Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Huang BB, Liu DX, Liu DK, Wu G. Application of Solid Dispersion Technique to Improve Solubility and Sustain Release of Emamectin Benzoate. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234315. [PMID: 31779169 PMCID: PMC6930457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The solid dispersion technique, which is widely used in the medical field, was applied to prepare a pesticide dosage form of emamectin benzoate (EM). The preparation, physicochemical characterization, aqueous solubility, release dynamics, photolytic degradation, bioactivity, and sustained-release effects of the prepared EM solid dispersions were studied by a solvent method, using polymer materials as the carriers. Water-soluble polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K30 and water-insoluble polyacrylic resin (PR)III were used as the carriers. The influence of various parameters, such as different EM:PVP-K30 and EM:PRIII feed ratios, solvent and container choices, rotational speed and mixing time effects on pesticide loading, and the entrapment rate of the solid dispersions were investigated. The optimal conditions for the preparation of EM-PVP-K30 solid dispersions required the use of methanol and a feed ratio between 1:1 and 1:50, along with a rotational speed and mixing time of 600 rpm and 60 min, respectively. For the preparation of EM-PRIII solid dispersions, the use of methanol and a feed ratio between 1:4 and 1:50 were required, in addition to the use of a porcelain mortar for carrying out the process. Under optimized conditions, the prepared EM-PVP-K30 solid dispersions resembled potato-like, round, and irregular structures with a jagged surface. In contrast, the EM-PRIII solid dispersions were irregular solids with a microporous surface structure. The results of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ultraviolet (UV) spectrometry, and infrared (IR) spectrometry showed that the solid dispersions were formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The solid dispersion preparation in PVP-K30 significantly improved the solubility and dissolution rate of EM, particularly the aqueous solubility, which reached a maximum of 37.5-times the EM technical solubility, when the feed ratio of 1:10 was employed to prepare the dispersion. Importantly, the wettable powder of EM-PVP-K30 solid dispersion enhanced the insecticidal activity of EM against the Plutella xylostella larvae. Furthermore, the solid dispersion preparation in PRIII afforded a significant advantage by prolonging the EM technical release in water at a pH below 7.0, especially when the PRIII content in solid dispersions was high. While the amplified toxicity of the wettable powder of EM-PRIII solid dispersions against the P. xylostella larvae showed no significant differences from that of the EM technical, the long-term toxicity under the field condition was much better than that of the commercially available EM 1.5% emulsifiable concentrate. Notably, solid dispersions with both the PVP-K30 and PRIII carriers reduced the effect of UV photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gang Wu
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-0591-87646115
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Wang Z, Cang T, Wu S, Wang X, Qi P, Wang X, Zhao X. Screening for suitable chemical acaricides against two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae, on greenhouse strawberries in China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:63-68. [PMID: 30036758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective and safe acaricides based on scientific data are needed for that no chemical acaricides has been registered for the control of two-spotted spider mite in strawberry crops in China. To identify suitable acaricides, the efficacy, persistence, and toxicity of eight acaricides (hexythiazox, fenpyroximate, chlorfenapyr, propargite, etoxazole, bifenazate, spirodiclofen, and pyridaben) on greenhouse strawberries were tested. The eight acaricides were ranked, from highest average efficacy at the recommended dosage to lowest, as follows: etoxazole > bifenazate > fenpyroximate > propargite > spirodiclofen > pyridaben > hexythiazox> chlorfenapyr. The average recoveries of the eight acaricides at the spiking levels of 0.05 and 0.5 mg/L ranged from 72.4% to 108.1% (relative standard deviation, 1.3-8.8%). The concentrations of hexythiazox, fenpyroximate, etoxazole, bifenazate, spirodiclofen, and pyridaben at 5 days after application were lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) specified by China, the European Union (EU), the Codex Alimentarius Commission, and Japan, but those of chlorfenapyr and propargite residues were 8.8 and 1.9 times higher than the MRLs in the EU. Only propargite posed a high chronic dietary risk to humans. Pyridaben and chlorfenapyr showed unacceptable ecotoxicology risks for honeybees (hazard quotient values of > 50). The recommended acaricides to control spider mites in greenhouse-grown strawberry crops are etoxazole, bifenazate, fenpyroximate, spirodiclofen, and hexythiazox based on the efficacy, persistence and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Lab Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control; MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection; Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tao Cang
- State Key Lab Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control; MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection; Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- State Key Lab Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control; MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection; Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Lab Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control; MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection; Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Peipei Qi
- State Key Lab Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control; MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection; Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- State Key Lab Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control; MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection; Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Lab Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control; MOA Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection; Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control; Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Zhou L, Jiang Y, Lin Q, Wang X, Zhang X, Xu J, Chen Z. Residue transfer and risk assessment of carbendazim in tea. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5329-5334. [PMID: 29656529 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbendazim (methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate) residue in tea is a public concern. The large gap in the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for carbendazim in tea makes it difficult to conduct pesticide management. Therefore, a systemic evaluation of the residue and the health risk of carbendazim from the tea garden to brewed tea was investigated. RESULTS The dissipation of carbendazim in tea shoots followed first-order rate kinetics, with a half-life (t1/2 ) of 2.6 days. In green tea manufacturing, the carbendazim decrease of 2.81-26.74% was concentration-positive. The infusion factor of carbendazim was > 0.8 from dry tea to brewed tea and this was related to the brewing temperature and the size of the dry tea. All of the risk quotient values were significantly less than 1 in the evaluation of carbendazim residue in real tea samples and MRL. CONCLUSION Residue transfer and risk assessment were evaluated for carbendazim in green tea. Carbendazim revealed a less persistent nature in tea plants. Green tea processing played a small role in decreasing carbendazim residue. Almost all of the carbendazim in dry tea leached into the brewed tea. However, the possible health risk induced by residual carbendazim in green tea was not significant. These findings are helpful when reconsidering the MRLs of carbendazim in tea. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zongmao Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Chen H, Gao G, Yin P, Dai J, Chai Y, Liu X, Lu C. Enantioselectivity and residue analysis of fipronil in tea (Camellia sinensis) by ultra-performance liquid chromatography Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:2000-2010. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1497306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanwei Gao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Department of Tea Science, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jinxia Dai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Chai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyin Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Chen L, Liu T, Ma G, Liu X. Influence of manufacturing process on the contents of iron, copper, chromium, nickel and manganese elements in Crush, Tear and Curl black tea, their transfer rates and health risk assessment. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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9,10-Anthraquinone deposit in tea plantation might be one of the reasons for contamination in tea. Food Chem 2018; 244:254-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Xiao JJ, Li Y, Fang QK, Shi YH, Liao M, Wu XW, Hua RM, Cao HQ. Factors Affecting Transfer of Pyrethroid Residues from Herbal Teas to Infusion and Influence of Physicochemical Properties of Pesticides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101157. [PMID: 28973970 PMCID: PMC5664658 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of pesticide residues from herbal teas to their infusion is a subject of particular interest. In this study, a multi-residue analytical method for the determination of pyrethroids (fenpropathrin, beta-cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and fenvalerate) in honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, wolfberry, and licorice and their infusion samples was validated. The transfer of pyrethroid residues from tea to infusion was investigated at different water temperatures, tea/water ratios, and infusion intervals/times. The results show that low amounts (0-6.70%) of pyrethroids were transferred under the different tea brewing conditions examined, indicating that the infusion process reduced the pyrethroid content in the extracted liquid by over 90%. Similar results were obtained for the different tea varieties, and pesticides with high water solubility and low octanol-water partition coefficients (log Kow) exhibited high transfer rates. Moreover, the estimated values of the exposure risk to the pyrethroids were in the range of 0.0022-0.33, indicating that the daily intake of the four pyrethroid residues from herbal tea can be regarded as safe. The present results can support the identification of suitable tea brewing conditions for significantly reducing the pesticide residue levels in the infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jing Xiao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Qing-Kui Fang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yan-Hong Shi
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Xiang-Wei Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Ri-Mao Hua
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Yu W, Huang M, Chen J, Wu S, Zheng K, Zeng S, Zhang K, Hu D. Risk assessment and monitoring of dinotefuran and its metabolites for Chinese consumption of apples. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:521. [PMID: 28948413 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Residues of dinotefuran and its metabolites, 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl)urea (UF) and 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl)guanidine (DN), in apple were investigated using a "QuEChERS" (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) pretreatment and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) of dinotefuran, UF, and DN in apples were 0.011-0.960 and 0.037-3.200 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of dinotefuran, UF, and DN in apple ranged from 70.0 to 83.6% with relative standard deviations less than 13%. A formulation of 20% water-dispersible dinotefuran granules was sprayed at 1-1.5-fold the recommended dose 3-4 times on apple trees. Total terminal residues of dinotefuran in apple were less than 2 mg/kg, which is the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by Japan. When following the recommended application guidelines, dinotefuran is unlikely to present significant health concerns to the Chinese population because the risk quotient (RQ) is less than 100%. This work could provide guidance for the safe use of dinotefuran and serve as a reference for the establishment of a maximum residue limit of dinotefuran in apple in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Sizhuo Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Kunming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Song Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Kankan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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You X, Li Y, Wang X, Xu J, Zheng X, Sui C. Residue analysis and risk assessment of tebuconazole in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill). Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 27957735 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a sensitive and reliable analytical method, based on a modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe procedure, was established for determination of tebuconazole in jujube. After extraction with acetonitrile, the samples were cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction with primary secondary amine, and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. At fortification levels of 0.01, 0.1 and 2.0 mg kg-1 , the average recoveries of tebuconazole in jujube were in the range 97.6-101.9%, with relative standard deviations of 1.5-3.5%. The dissipation and residual levels of tebuconazole in jujube under field conditions were investigated. Tebuconazole dissipated relatively slowly in jujube, with a half-life of 33.0 days. The terminal residue experiments of tebuconazole in jujube were conducted in four locations in China and the risk was evaluated using risk quotients (RQ). RQ values were found to be significantly lower than RQ = 1, indicating that the risk to human health of using the recommended doses of tebuconazole in jujube was not significant. This study could provide guidance for the safe and reasonable use of tebuconazole in jujube and serve as a reference for the establishment of limit of maximum residue in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei You
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuguo Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinli Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengcheng Sui
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling and Integrated Management, Qingdao, China
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