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Kim SE, Kim HK, Kim GH. Sublethal Effects of Spirotetramat, Cyantraniliprole, and Pymetrozine on Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Insects 2024; 15:247. [PMID: 38667377 PMCID: PMC11050133 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The toxicity and sublethal effects of three insecticides (spirotetramat, cyantraniliprole, and pymetrozine) on Aphis gossypii, a major agricultural pest, were investigated. The nymphal stage showed greater susceptibility than the adult stage to all the insecticides, with a difference of up to 8.9 times at the LC50 of spirotetramat. The effects of sublethal concentrations (LC10, LC30, LC50, and LC70) of the insecticides on the on the developmental period, survival rate, adult longevity, fecundity, and deformity rate were compared with those of the control. Compared with the control, cyantraniliprole and pymetrozine did not significantly affect the developmental period in the parental or F1 generation when applied at the nymphal stage at any concentration. Nonviable nymphs occurred in the F1 generation when both nymphs and adults were treated with spirotetramat and cyantraniliprole but not in the F2 generation. The age-specific maternity (lxmx) of A. gossypii treated with sublethal concentrations (LC10, LC30) decreased with increasing concentration. Spirotetramat at the LC30 resulted in significant differences in all life table parameters (R0, rm, λ, T, DT) compared with those of the control. Similarly, compared with that of the control (43.8), the net reproductive rate (R0) significantly decreased for all the insecticides except cyantraniliprole at the LC10 (37.5). Therefore, this study indicated that sublethal concentrations (over the LC30) of spirotetramat, cyantraniliprole, or pymetrozine might be useful for the density management of A. gossypii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gil Hah Kim
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (S.E.K.); (H.K.K.)
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Yu J, Zhong Y, Dai C, Hou M. Sublethal concentrations of pymetrozine reduce Sogatella furcifera transmission of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:797-804. [PMID: 37794233 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmission of plant viruses is closely associated with the specific probing behaviors of the vectors. Pymetrozine is a pyridine azomethine insecticide that interferes with nervous regulation of feeding behavior of piercing-sucking insects. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of sublethal concentrations of pymetrozine in reducing the transmission of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) by the planthopper Sogatella furcifera. RESULTS Laboratory assays showed that both acquisition and inoculation rates of SRBSDV decreased significantly in the planthoppers feeding on plants treated with lethal concentrations 10% and 50% (LC10 and LC50 ) pymetrozine compared with the insects feeding on the control plants, for which significant effects of pymetrozine concentration and time post-treatment were detected. Honeydew excretion of the planthoppers showed significant reduction with increasing concentration of the insecticide but no significant association with time post-treatment. Electrical penetration graph recordings revealed that total durations of each waveform in both acquisition and inoculation were significantly affected by pymetrozine treatment, with total durations of non-probing (NP), penetration initiation (N1), and extracellular activity (N3) elongated whereas those of salivation (N2) and phloem-related activities (N4-a and N4-b) shortened. Additionally, both acquisition and inoculation rates were significantly lower at 168 h than at 6 h post-treatment. CONCLUSION The results indicate that sublethal concentrations of pymetrozine reduce SRBSDV transmission, which is associated with reduction in feeding and alteration in probing behaviors characterized by the prolonged non-probing, penetration initiation and extracellular activity and shortened salivation and phloem-related activities. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changgeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maolin Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen Y, Ye H, Fang N, Luo Y, Wang X, Li Y, He H, Cheng Y, Zhang C. Residue Analysis and Dietary Risk Assessment of Pymetrozine in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) and Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3905. [PMID: 38005801 PMCID: PMC10675590 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Pymetrozine is used on potato (S. tuberosum) and Chrysanthemum morifolium (C. morifolium) to obtain greater yield and quality. However, pesticide use carries the potential for residues to remain and be detected on harvested crops. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate pesticide residues in S. tuberosum and C. morifolium products that are commercially available for human consumption and to assess the associated dietary risks. For this study, a total of 340 samples (200 S. tuberosum samples and 140 C. morifolium samples) were collected randomly from supermarkets and farmer's markets. Residues of pymetrozine in S. tuberosum and C. morifolium were detected by using an established and validated QuECHERS-HPLC-MS / MS method, while a dietary risk assessment of pymetrozine in S. tuberosum and C. morifolium was performed using these data. The detection rates of pymetrozine in S. tuberosum and C. morifolium samples were 92.31% and 98.17%, respectively, with residues not more than 0.036 and 0.024 mg/kg, respectively. Based on these results, the dietary risk assessment indicated that the intake of pymetrozine residues in S. tuberosum and C. morifolium does not pose a health risk. This work improved our understanding of the potential exposure risk of pymetrozine in S. tuberosum and C. morifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300380, China
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (N.F.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Hui Ye
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Nan Fang
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (N.F.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Yuqin Luo
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (N.F.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (N.F.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Yanjie Li
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (N.F.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Hongmei He
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (N.F.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Youpu Cheng
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (N.F.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (H.H.)
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Spalthoff C, Salgado VL, Balu N, David MD, Hehlert P, Huang H, Jones JE, Kandasamy R, Knudsen GA, Lelito KR, Machamer JB, Nesterov A, Tomalski M, Wahl GD, Wedel BJ, Göpfert MC. The novel pyridazine pyrazolecarboxamide insecticide dimpropyridaz inhibits chordotonal organ function upstream of TRPV channels. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:1635-1649. [PMID: 36622360 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyridazine pyrazolecarboxamides (PPCs) are a novel insecticide class discovered and optimized at BASF. Dimpropyridaz is the first PPC to be submitted for registration and controls many aphid species as well as whiteflies and other piercing-sucking insects. RESULTS Dimpropyridaz and other tertiary amide PPCs are proinsecticides that are converted in vivo into secondary amide active forms by N-dealkylation. Active secondary amide metabolites of PPCs potently inhibit the function of insect chordotonal neurons. Unlike Group 9 and 29 insecticides, which hyperactivate chordotonal neurons and increase Ca2+ levels, active metabolites of PPCs silence chordotonal neurons and decrease intracellular Ca2+ levels. Whereas the effects of Group 9 and 29 insecticides require TRPV (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid) channels, PPCs act in a TRPV-independent fashion, without compromising cellular responses to Group 9 and 29 insecticides, placing the molecular PPC target upstream of TRPVs. CONCLUSIONS PPCs are a new class of chordotonal organ modulator insecticide for control of piercing-sucking pests. Dimpropyridaz is a PPC proinsecticide that is activated in target insects to secondary amide forms that inhibit the firing of chordotonal organs. The inhibition occurs at a site upstream of TRPVs and is TRPV-independent, providing a novel mode of action for resistance management. © 2023 BASF Corporation. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Spalthoff
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Philip Hehlert
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin C Göpfert
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Song XY, Peng YX, Gao Y, Zhang YC, Ye WN, Lin PX, Gao CF, Wu SF. Resistance Monitoring of Nilaparvata lugens to Pymetrozine Based on Reproductive Behavior. Insects 2023; 14:insects14050428. [PMID: 37233057 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the inhibition effects of pymetrozine on the reproductive behavior of N. lugens, we established a bioassay method to accurately evaluate the toxicity of pymetrozine in N. lugens and clarified the level of pymetrozine resistance of N. lugens in the field. In this study, pymetrozine's effects on the fecundity of N. lugens were evaluated using the topical application method and rice-seedling-dipping method. Moreover, the resistance of N. lugens to pymetrozine in a pymetrozine-resistant strain (Pym-R) and two field populations (YZ21 and QS21) was determined using the rice-seedling-dipping method and fecundity assay methods. The results showed that treatment of N. lugens third-instar nymphs with LC15, LC50, and LC85 doses of pymetrozine resulted in a significantly reduced fecundity of N. lugens. In addition, N. lugens adults treated with pymetrozine, using the rice-seedling-dipping and topical application method, also exhibited a significantly inhibited fecundity. Using the rice-stem-dipping method, pymetrozine resistance levels were shown to be high in Pym-R (194.6-fold), YZ21 (205.9-fold), and QS21 (212.8-fold), with LC50 values of 522.520 mg/L (Pym-R), 552.962 mg/L (YZ21), and 571.315 (QS21) mg/L. However, when using the rice-seedling-dipping or topical application fecundity assay method, Pym-R (EC50: 14.370 mg/L, RR = 12.4-fold; ED50: 0.560 ng/adult, RR = 10.8-fold), YZ21 (EC50: 12.890 mg/L, RR = 11.2-fold; ED50: 0.280 ng/adult; RR = 5.4-fold), and QS21 (EC50: 13.700 mg/L, RR = 11.9-fold) exhibited moderate or low levels of resistance to pymetrozine. Our studies show that pymetrozine can significantly inhibit the fecundity of N. lugens. The fecundity assay results showed that N. lugens only developed low to moderate levels of resistance to pymetrozine, indicating that pymetrozine can still achieve effective control on the next generation of N. lugens populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Song
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan-Chao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen-Nan Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pin-Xuan Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cong-Fen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shun-Fan Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
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Feng X, Li D, Wang H, Yu X, Shentu X. Fitness costs of resistance to insecticide pymetrozine combined with antimicrobial zhongshengmycin in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1160873. [PMID: 37123267 PMCID: PMC10133562 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1160873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is a major pest of rice crops, and its control is critical for food security. Pymetrozine has been recommended as an alternative to imidacloprid for controlling N. lugens, but the pest has developed high resistance to it, making its prohibition and restriction urgent. To address this issue, we conducted a study using a mixture of pymetrozine and zhongshengmycin with the effective ratio of 1:40, to evaluate the fitness costs in N. lugens. Our results showed that N. lugens had a relative fitness of 0.03 under this ratio, with significantly reduced longevity, female and male adult periods, total pre-oviposition days, and fecundity. Moreover, the expression levels of the uricase gene (EC1.7.3.3) and farnesyl diphosphate farnesyl transferase gene (EC2.5.1.21) were reduced in N. lugens. These genes are involved in urea metabolism and steroid biosynthesis pathway, respectively, and their suppression can interfere with the normal nutritional function of N. lugens. Our study demonstrates that the combination of chemical insecticides and antimicrobials can delay the development of resistance and improve the efficiency of pest control. This information is valuable for researchers developing management strategies to delay the development of pymetrozine resistance in N. lugens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaoping Yu
- *Correspondence: Xiaoping Yu, ; Xuping Shentu,
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Spalthoff C, Salgado VL, Theis M, Geurten BRH, Göpfert MC. Flonicamid metabolite 4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide is a chordotonal organ modulator insecticide †. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:4802-4808. [PMID: 35904889 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selective aphicide flonicamid is known to cause symptoms in aphids that are like those of chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulator insecticides such as pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon and afidopyropen. Flonicamid is classified by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee as a chordotonal organ modulator with an undefined target site. However, although it has been shown not to act on TRPV channels, flonicamid's action on chordotonal organs has not been documented in the literature. RESULTS Flonicamid causes locusts to extend their hindlegs, indicating an action on the femoral chordotonal organ. In fruit flies, it abolishes negative gravitaxis behavior by disrupting transduction and mechanical amplification in antennal chordotonal neurons. Although flonicamid itself only weakly affects locust chordotonal organs, its major animal metabolite 4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide (TFNA-AM) potently stimulates both locust and fly chordotonal organs. Like pymetrozine, TFNA-AM rapidly increases Ca2+ in antennal chordotonal neurons in wild-type flies, but not iav1 mutants, yet the effect is nonadditive with the TRPV channel agonist. CONCLUSIONS Flonicamid is a pro-insecticide form of TFNA-AM, a potent chordotonal organ modulator. The functional effects of TFNA-AM on chordotonal organs of locusts and flies are indistinguishable from those of the TRPV agonists pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon and afidopyropen. Because our previous results indicate that TFNA-AM does not act directly on TRPV channels, we conclude that it acts upstream in a pathway that leads to TRPV channel activation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Spalthoff
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Schwann-Schleiden Research Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vincent L Salgado
- BASF Corp, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mario Theis
- Bayer AG, R&D Pest Control, Monheim, Germany
| | - Bart R H Geurten
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Schwann-Schleiden Research Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin C Göpfert
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Schwann-Schleiden Research Centre, Göttingen, Germany
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Song XY, Peng YX, Wang LX, Ye WN, Pei XG, Zhang YC, Zhang S, Gao CF, Wu SF. Monitoring, cross-resistance, inheritance, and fitness costs of brown planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens, resistance to pymetrozine in China. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:3980-3987. [PMID: 35633099 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is considered the most destructive pest of rice in many Asian countries including China. Use of pymetrozine in insect resistance management (IRM) has been one strategy to control this pest. In this study, we reported the status of pymetrozine resistance in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) collected from China over the period 2017-2021 and selected a strain of N. lugens resistant to pymetrozine and evaluated the cross-resistance, inheritance and fitness costs of the resistance. RESULTS Monitoring data (2017-2021) showed that field populations of N. lugens in China developed moderate- to high-level pymetrozine resistance during these 5 years. By continuous selection with pymetrozine in the lab, the pymetrozine selected N. lugens strain (Pym-R98 ) developed a 225.2-fold resistance compared to a susceptible strain. The Pym-R98 strain showed high cross-resistance to dinotefuran (66.6-fold) and low cross-resistance to nitenpyram (5.2-fold) and sulfoxaflor (5.8-fold). Inheritance pattern analysis of Pym-R93 revealed that resistance to pymetrozine was polygenic, autosomal and incompletely dominant. Fitness costs of pymetrozine resistance were present in Pym-R90 and WA2020 strains with a relative fitness of 0.72 and 0.60, respectively. The developmental duration of Pym-R90 and WA2020 was significantly longer and hatchability was significantly lower compared to pymetrozine-susceptible strain (Pym-S). CONCLUSIONS N. lugens has developed high level of resistance to pymetrozine. Pymetrozine-resistance brown planthopper had cross-resistance with some of neonicotinoids such as dinotefuran, nitenpyram and sulfoxaflor. The autosomal, incompletely dominant and polygenic resistance to pymetrozine in N. lugens and the fitness costs associated with this resistance can be exploited in IRM strategies to preserve the lifetime of pymetrozine for control of N. lugens in China. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Song
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Xiang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Nan Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Guo Pei
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Chao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong-Fen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shun-Fan Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Hao F, Liu X, Yuan H, Yan X, Yang D. Controlled-release granules for the delivery of pymetrozine to roots of transplanted rice seedlings with decreased phytotoxicity and enhanced control efficacy against paddy planthoppers. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:812-820. [PMID: 34716656 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seedling transplanting is widely used in rice cultivation. Systemic insecticides can be delivered to seedling roots by application through rice seedling boxes before transplanting. The most challenging aspect is to provide long-term control of rice pests and overcome transplanting shock. Precise control of the release rate of insecticide can meet these requirements. Pymetrozine is a promising insecticide used for the control of rice planthoppers resistant to neonicotinoid insecticides. RESULTS In this study, four controlled-release granular formulations of pymetrozine were prepared based on a mixture of cost-effective and biodegradable kaolin and xanthan gum or a mixture of calcined kaolin and xanthan gum. Fluorescence images showed that different 3D networks were formed in the four granular formulations. The four granular formulations showed different water uptake rates and release rates of pymetrozine in water. Pymetrozine release rate was positively correlated with the water uptake capacity, rather than the water uptake rate of granules. Diffusion was the dominant mechanism for the release of pymetrozine from granules. Pymetrozine was found to reduce the survival of transplanted rice seedlings suffering from transplanting shock. Incorporating pymetrozine in controlled-release granules alleviated this phytotoxicity. The survival rate of rice seedlings in granular pymetrozine treatments ranged 68.8-85.0%, whereas the survival rate was <50% for powdered pymetrozine treatments. Additionally, four prepared granule formulations had a significant control effect on rice planthopper with efficacies ranging from 76.7% to 98.0% 40 days after seedling box treatment. CONCLUSIONS The granule with an intermediate release rate of pymetrozine was shown to be more suitable for seedling box treatment than field application and traditional liquid spraying for the long-term control of paddy planthoppers. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Hao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhu Yuan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daibin Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang LX, Tao S, Zhang Y, Jia YL, Wu SF, Gao CF. Mechanism of metabolic resistance to pymetrozine in Nilaparvata lugens: over-expression of cytochrome P450 CYP6CS1 confers pymetrozine resistance. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:4128-4137. [PMID: 33913602 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pymetrozine is commonly used for the control of Nilaparvata lugens, and resistance to pymetrozine has been frequently reported in the field populations in recent years. However, the mechanism of brown planthopper resistance to pymetrozine is still unknown. RESULTS In this study, a pymetrozine-resistant strain (PMR) was established, and the potential biochemical resistance mechanism of N. lugens to pymetrozine was investigated. Pymetrozine was synergized by the inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO) in the PMR with 2.83-fold relative synergistic ratios compared with the susceptible strain (Sus). Compared with the Sus, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity of PMR was increased by 1.7 times, and two P450 genes (NlCYP6CS1 and NlCYP301B1) were found to be significantly overexpressed more than 6.0-fold in the PMR. Pymetrozine exposure induced upregulation of NlCYP6CS1 expression in the Sus, but the expression of NlCYP301B1 did not change significantly. In addition, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated suppression of NlCYP6CS1 gene expression dramatically increased the toxicity of pymetrozine against N. lugens. Moreover, transgenic lines of Drosophila melanogaster expressing NlCYP6CS1 were less susceptible to pymetrozine, and had a stronger ability to metabolize pymetrozine. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings indicate that the overexpression of NlCYP6CS1 is one of the key factors contributing to pymetrozine resistance in N. lugens. And this result is helpful in proposing a management strategy for pymetrozine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xiang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Sha Tao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Long Jia
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Shun-Fan Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong-Fen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing, China
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11
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Yu H, Sun H, Wang X, Liang Y, Guo M, Yu J, Yang M, Zhang X, Luo F, Zhou L. Residue behavior and safety evaluation of pymetrozine in tea. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4118-4124. [PMID: 33368323 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pymetrozine is a widely used pesticide. It is challenging to analyze and difficult to manage due to the large gap in its global maximum residue limits (MRLs) in tea. The development of a high-efficiency detection method for the evaluation of the transfer of residual pymetrozine from tea plantations to tea cups is therefore of prime significance. RESULTS An analytical method for the determination of pymetrozine residues in tea was established based on Cleanert PCX solid-phase extraction. The average recoveries were 72.2-93.7%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 12%. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.005 mg·kg-1 in fresh tea leaves and dry tea, and 0.00025 mg·L-1 in tea brew. Pymetrozine degraded rapidly in tea plants with a half-life (t1/2 ) of 1.9 days in open tea plantations, and decreased by 9.4-23.7% in the green tea-processing procedure, which was concentration dependent. The residual pymetrozine levels in green tea collected at 6 and 21 days were below the MRLs in China and EU at a dosage of 30 g a.i. ha-1 , respectively. The leaching rates of pymetrozine from dry tea to tea brew were 58.7-96.3%. Hazard quotient (HQ) values of pymetrozine were significantly <100% when tea shoots were plucked in 6 days, which indicated a negligible risk to humans. CONCLUSION This work allows the determination of residual pymetrozine in tea and illustrates a low intake risk with the use of pymetrozine in tea plantations. It could serve as reference for further regulation consideration for maximum residue limits (MRLs). © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hezhi Sun
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yabo Liang
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Guo
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Yu
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengjian Luo
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Agricultural Product Safety, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agricultural, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Pan TT, Guo MT, Guo W, Lu P, Hu DY. A Sensitive SERS Method for Determination of Pymetrozine in Apple and Cabbage Based on an Easily Prepared Substrate. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081874. [PMID: 34441651 PMCID: PMC8392414 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual pesticides are one of the major food safety concerns around the world. There is a demand for simple and reliable methods to monitor pesticide residues in foods. In this study, a sensitive method for determination of pymetrozine in apple and cabbage samples using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based on decanethiol functionalized silver nanoparticles was established. The proposed method performed satisfactorily with the linear detection range of 0.01-1.00 mg/L and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 mg/L in methanol. In addition, it was successfully used to detect pymetrozine in apple and cabbage samples, the LOD was 0.02 and 0.03 mg/L, respectively, and the recoveries of spiked cabbage and apple ranged 70.40-104.00%, with relative standard deviations below 12.18% and 10.33% for intra-day and inter-day tests. Moreover, the results of the correlation test with real cabbage samples of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry showed that they were highly correlated (slope = 0.9895, R2 = 0.9953). This study provides a sensitive approach for detection of pymetrozine in apple and cabbage, which has great potential for determination of pymetrozine residues in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Tiao Pan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.-T.P.); (M.-T.G.); (W.G.); (P.L.)
- College of Biological Sciences and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Mei-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.-T.P.); (M.-T.G.); (W.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Wang Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.-T.P.); (M.-T.G.); (W.G.); (P.L.)
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.-T.P.); (M.-T.G.); (W.G.); (P.L.)
| | - De-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.-T.P.); (M.-T.G.); (W.G.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Wang F, Liu J, Shuai S, Miao C, Chi B, Chen P, Wang K, Li H, Liu Y. Resistance of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Q-biotype) to pymetrozine: resistance risk assessment, cross-resistance to six other insecticides and detoxification enzyme assay. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:2114-2121. [PMID: 33332688 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a severe pest that affects many field and glasshouse crops worldwide and has developed resistance to insecticides in most chemical classes. Pymetrozine, a neuroactive pyridine azomethine, is selective towards piercing-sucking pests in Hemiptera. The aim of this study was to assess the resistance of B. tabaci Mediterranean (MED) to pymetrozine in the laboratory. RESULTS After successive selection of 18 generations of MED in the presence of using pymetrozine, there was an 11.28-fold increase in the median lethal concentration (LC50 ). When the realized heritability (h2 ) of B. tabaci to pymetrozine in the field was assumed to be the value estimated in the laboratory (h2 = 0.1360) and the mortality was 70-90%, only 7.2-15.9 generations were estimated to be needed to obtain a ten-fold increase in resistance to pymetrozine. Compared with the susceptible populations (G0 ), the Pyme-SEL strain (G18 ) showed a low level of cross-resistance to neonicotinoids (nitenpyram, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiamethoxam) and no cross-resistance to chlorpyrifos or abamectin. With the G0 and the Pyme-SEL strains (G11 and G18 ) as test strains, the activity of multifunctional oxidase exhibited the greatest increase during selection, while the activities of carboxylesterase and glutathione-S-transferase did not change significantly. CONCLUSION This study show that a potential risk of development of resistance to pymetrozine exists in B. tabaci after continuous application. During the application of pymetrozine to control B. tabaci in the field, the frequency of its use in combination with neonicotinoids should be used with caution. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Agricultural Ecological Security, Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Science, Yancheng, China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Foresting Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Shuai
- Department of Integrated Technical Service, Yancheng Customs of the People's Republic of China, Yancheng, China
| | - Chunli Miao
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baojie Chi
- College of Foresting Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Agricultural Ecological Security, Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Science, Yancheng, China
| | - Hongyang Li
- Department of Agricultural Ecological Security, Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Science, Yancheng, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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14
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Maroofpour N, Hejazi MJ, Hamishehkar H, Iranipour S. Relative Toxicity and Residual Activity of Nanocapsules and Commercial Formulations of Pirimicarb and Pymetrozine Against Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). J Econ Entomol 2019; 112:2670-2675. [PMID: 31365743 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is one of the most common pest species that has the potential to transmit more than 100 plant viruses. Controlling this pest is difficult because it has become resistant to a wide range of insecticides. Nanoformulation has the capacity to reduce the pesticide load in agriculture and thus reduce the risks on human health and the environment. In this study, nanocapsules of pirimicarb and pymetrozine were prepared using nanostructured lipid carriers. The size, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency of nanocapsules were investigated using dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Zeta potential studies revealed stability of the nanocapsules of both insecticides. The encapsulation efficiencies were 85 and 81% for pirimicarb and pymetrozine, respectively. The nanocapsules were spherical with sizes of 35.38 and 35.12 nm for pirimicarb and pymetrozine, respectively. The LC50 values for the wettable powder (WP) and nanocapsule of pirimicarb after 48 h were 216.2 and 73.2 mg ai/l; for pymetrozine after 96 h, the values were 40.6 and 14.8 mg ai/l, respectively. Durations of residual activity for WP and nanocapsule formulations of pirimicarb were 7 and 15 d, respectively. The residual activity periods for WP and nanocapsule formulations of pymetrozine were 9 and 17 d, respectively. The results revealed that nanoencapsulation can improve performance allowing for reduced doses and increased duration of insecticidal activity for both of the insecticides tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Maroofpour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Jalil Hejazi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahzad Iranipour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Sun G, Zhang M, Liu X, Gao Q, Jiang W, Zhou Y, Wang H, Cui M, Qiu J, Xu J, Hong Q. Isolation and Characterization of the Pymetrozine-Degrading Strain Pseudomonas sp. BYT-1. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:4170-4176. [PMID: 30912660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated and characterized the bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. BYT-1, which is capable of degrading pymetrozine and using it as the sole carbon source for growth. Strain BYT-1 could degrade 2.30 mM pymetrozine within 20 h under the optimal conditions of 30 °C and pH 7.0. Investigation of the degradation pathway showed that pymetrozine was oxidatively hydrolyzed to 4-amino-6-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2 H-[1,2,4]triazin-3-one (AMDT) and nicotinic acid (NA). The former accumulates as the end product in the culture, whereas the latter was hydroxylated to 6-hydroxynicotinic acid (6HNA) and subjected to further degradation. The transformation of pymetrozine to AMDT and NA by the cell-free extracts of strain BYT-1 also supported that the oxidative hydrolysis of the C═N double bond in pymetrozine was the initial degradation step. This is the first report on a pure bacterial culture with the ability to degrade pymetrozine. These findings enhance our understanding of the microbial degradation mechanism of pymetrozine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojie Sun
- Key Lab of Microbiological Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science , Nanjing Agriculture University , Nanjing 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Key Lab of Microbiological Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science , Nanjing Agriculture University , Nanjing 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoan Liu
- Key Lab of Microbiological Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science , Nanjing Agriculture University , Nanjing 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Gao
- Key Lab of Microbiological Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science , Nanjing Agriculture University , Nanjing 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wankui Jiang
- Key Lab of Microbiological Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science , Nanjing Agriculture University , Nanjing 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yidong Zhou
- Key Lab of Microbiological Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science , Nanjing Agriculture University , Nanjing 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Lab of Microbiological Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science , Nanjing Agriculture University , Nanjing 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdi Cui
- Key Lab of Microbiological Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science , Nanjing Agriculture University , Nanjing 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiguo Qiu
- Key Lab of Microbiological Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science , Nanjing Agriculture University , Nanjing 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Hong
- Key Lab of Microbiological Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Science , Nanjing Agriculture University , Nanjing 210095 , People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014 , People's Republic of China
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16
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Gong J, Zheng K, Yang G, Zhao S, Zhang K, Hu D. Determination, residue analysis, risk assessment and processing factor of pymetrozine and its metabolites in Chinese kale under field conditions. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:141-151. [PMID: 30632916 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1562237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple determination method for pymetrozine and its metabolites in Chinese kale was developed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The method had good linearity (R2 > 0.99), accuracy (recoveries of 73.2-94.1%) and precision (relative standard deviation of 2.5-9.8%). Field results showed that half-lives of pymetrozine were 3.0-4.1 d in Chinese kale, and terminal residue concentrations were all below the United States Environmental Protection Agency's maximum residue limit (250 μg/kg) at harvest. Owing to risk quotient <100%, pymetrozine is unlikely to give rise to vital health concerns to humans following the recommended application guidelines. Moreover, effects of home processing on pymetrozine residues in Chinese kale were monitored. The processing factor values of four processes were between 0.19 and 0.60, which indicated that the used processes could remove pymetrozine residues from Chinese kale, especially pickling after washing process. The data could provide guidance to safe and reasonable use of pymetrozine and help Chinese governments establish a maximum residue limit for pymetrozine in Chinese kale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gong
- a State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , China
| | - Kunming Zheng
- a State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- a State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , China
| | - Shan Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , China
| | - Kankan Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , China
| | - Deyu Hu
- a State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , China
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17
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Jia G, Zeng L, Zhao S, Ge S, Long X, Zhang Y, Hu D. Monitoring residue levels and dietary risk assessment of pymetrozine for Chinese consumption of cauliflower. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4455. [PMID: 30536397 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the occurrence of pymetrozine residues in cauliflower samples obtained from six cauliflower-producing areas of China during fixed time periods in 2017 and estimates the dietary risk of pymetrozine in cauliflower. A liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to detect pymetrozine in cauliflower. The samples were extracted using 20 mL of acetonitrile and purified with dispersive solid-phase extraction using C18 as sorbent. The limit of quantification of pymetrozine was 0.008 mg/kg in cauliflower. The recoveries of the analyte were 82.04-95.18% with RSD <8.45%. The calibration curves for pymetrozine showed good linearities in the concentration range 0.004-2.0 mg/L with determination coefficients (R2 ) >0.999. Pymetrozine dissipated rapidly in cauliflower with a half-life of <4 days. The terminal residues of pymetrozine were <0.008-0.0881 mg/kg in cauliflower at 7, 10 and 14 days after spraying from six sites. The routine washing process removed about half amount of the pymetrozine in cauliflower; the reduction ratios were 51.0-52.8%. The dietary risk assessment indicated that pymetrozine did not exhibit obvious dietary health risks in cauliflower when good agricultural practices were implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifei Jia
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Lingrong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Shijia Ge
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Long
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
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European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Evaluation of data concerning the necessity of pymetrozine as an insecticide to control a serious danger to plant health which cannot be contained by other available means, including non-chemical methods. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05129. [PMID: 32625676 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was requested by the European Commission to provide scientific assistance under Article 31 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 regarding the evaluation of data concerning the necessity of pymetrozine as an insecticide to control a serious danger to plant health, which cannot be contained by other available means including non-chemical methods, in accordance with Article 4(7) of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. In this context, EFSA organised a commenting phase with Member States in order to collect and validate the data submitted by the applicant. The current scientific report summarises the outcome of the evaluation of more than 100 crop (group)/pest combinations in 10 Member States. The evaluation demonstrated that not a wide range of alternative insecticide active substances to pymetrozine are available to chemically control pollen beetle, whitefly and aphids in various crops (open field and protected use); however for several crop(group)/pest combinations, sufficient chemical alternatives are available. The evaluation included an assessment of non-chemical alternatives for the presented uses. A wide range of non-chemical methods are available, often these methods do not have the same efficacy as chemical methods or have economic limitations. However, for some crop/pest combinations, particularly under protected use non-chemical methods are highly effective and considered feasible.
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Abstract
This review provides a brief overview of ion channels, then focuses on TRP channels, describing the properties and functions of the seven TRP channel classes found in insects. Finally, recent work showing that a heteromeric channel composed of Nanchung and Inactive vanilloid TRP (TRPV) channel subunits is the target of the selective feeding blockers pymetrozine and pyrifluquinazon is described. The possible utility of other TRP channels as targets of insecticides and repellents is also considered.
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Abstract
EFSA was requested to provide a scientific assessment of additional information submitted to demonstrate whether the active substance pymetrozine can be used such that exposure to humans may be considered negligible. The context of the assessment was that requested by the European Commission following the submission of negligible exposure data. EFSA prepared a statement where the assessment of the information is presented according to the draft technical guidance on assessment of negligible exposure of an active substance in a plant protection product under realistic conditions of use. The outcome was reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of pymetrozine as an insecticide on potato and oilseed rape as proposed by the applicant to be considered for negligible exposure.
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Zhu B, Yang J, He Y, Zang Y, Zhu Z. Glucosinolate Accumulation and Related Gene Expression in Pak Choi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis var. communis [N. Tsen & S.H. Lee] Hanelt) in Response to Insecticide Application. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:9683-9689. [PMID: 26485123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates and their breakdown products are well-known for their cancer-chemoprotective functions and biocidal activities against pathogens and generalist herbivores. Insecticides are commonly used in the production of pak choi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis var. communis [N. Tsen & S.H. Lee] Hanelt). We studied the effects of four commonly used insecticides, namely, β-cypermethrin, acephate, pymetrozine, and imidacloprid, on glucosinolate metabolism in pak choi. All insecticides significantly increased both the transcription of glucosinolate biosynthetic genes and the aliphatic and total glucosinolate accumulations in pak choi. β-Cypermethrin and acephate caused gradual and continuous up-regulation of gene expression from 0.5 to 24 h after treatment, whereas pymetrozine and imidacloprid did so more rapidly, reaching a peak at 1 h and returning to normal at 3 h. Our findings indicate that the four insecticides affect glucosinolate metabolism in pak choi plants to various degrees and suggest that glucosinolates may be involved in plant insecticide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University , Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jing Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University , Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yong He
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University , Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yunxiang Zang
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University , Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University , Hangzhou 311300, China
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Abstract
The title compound, C10H11N5O {systematic name: 6-methyl-4-[(E)-(pyridin-3-ylmethylidene)amino]-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one}, C10H11N5O, is used as an antifeedant in pest control. The asymmetric unit comprises two independent molecules, A and B, in which the dihedral angles between the pyridinyl and triazinyl ring planes [r.m.s. deviations = 0.0132 and 0.0255 ] are 11.60 (6) and 18.06 (4)°, respectively. In the crystal, N—H⋯O, N—H⋯N, C—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, together with weak π–π interactions [ring-centroid separations = 3.5456 (9) and 3.9142 (9) Å], link the pyridinyl and triazinyl rings of A molecules, generating a three-dimensional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngeun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jineun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihaeng Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Hong JH, Lee CR, Lim JS, Lee KS. Comparison of analytical methods and residue patterns of pymetrozine in Aster scaber. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2011; 87:649-52. [PMID: 21922281 PMCID: PMC3223348 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-011-0407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Residues of the polar pesticide pymetrozine were compared using two methods: hydromatrix and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The biological half-life and the final residue level were investigated using Aster scaber over a 10-days cultivation period. The respective biological half-lives of the pesticide were 4.2 and 3.5 days at the recommended and double dose. The final residue levels were 1.28 and 1.98 mg kg(-1), respectively, at the same application rate of pymetrozine according to the GAP standard of the United Kingdom. Average recovery was higher with LLE than with the hydromatrix method. Dissipation curves of pymetrozine were influenced by the application amount and growth rate of A. scaber. The final residue level of pymetrozine could be predicted to be lower than the UK maximum residue limit for lettuce applying the GAP standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyung Hong
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 220 Kungdong Yusungku, Daejeon, 305-764 Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rong Lee
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 220 Kungdong Yusungku, Daejeon, 305-764 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sung Lim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 220 Kungdong Yusungku, Daejeon, 305-764 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Seung Lee
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 220 Kungdong Yusungku, Daejeon, 305-764 Republic of Korea
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Sabahi Q, Rasekh A, Michaud J. Toxicity of three insecticides to Lysiphlebus fabarum, a parasitoid of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae. J Insect Sci 2011; 11:104. [PMID: 22221255 PMCID: PMC3281322 DOI: 10.1673/031.011.10401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of three insecticides to Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), a parasitoid of Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae), was investigated using IOBC/wprs protocols. Abamectin 1.8 EC, imidacloprid 350 SC, and pymetrozine 25 WP were tested under laboratory conditions at recommended field rates. Immature stages of the parasitoid were exposed to materials by briefly dipping mummified aphids into insecticide solutions/suspensions or water (controls). Abamectin, imidacloprid, and pymetrozine caused 44.8, 58.5, and 14.5% mortality of mummies, respectively. Insecticides were also applied to broad bean foliage until run-off using a hand sprayer and the contact toxicity of residues was investigated after 1, 5, 16 and 30 day periods of outdoor weathering by caging adult wasps on treated plants for 24 h. One day-old residues of abamectin, imidacloprid, and pymetrozine produced 52.5, 90.0 and 57.0% mortality, respectively, and 5 day-old residues produced 28.1, 77.0 and 18.6% mortality. Sixteen day-old residues produced 8.8, 22.4 and 13.6% mortality, whereas 30 day-old residues produced 0.0, 3.2 and 1.1% mortality, respectively. On the basis of these results, abamectin and pymetrozine were classified as short-lived compounds (Class A) and imidacloprid as a slightly persistent compound (Class B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qodratollah Sabahi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Daneshkade St, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arash Rasekh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - J.P. Michaud
- Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center — Hays, 1232 240th Ave, Hays, KS 67601, USA
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Sadeghi A, Van Damme EJ, Smagghe G. Evaluation of the susceptibility of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, to a selection of novel biorational insecticides using an artificial diet. J Insect Sci 2009; 9:1-8. [PMID: 20053120 PMCID: PMC3011902 DOI: 10.1673/031.009.6501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
An improved technique was developed to assay the toxicity of insecticides against aphids using an artificial diet. The susceptibility of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) was determined for a selection of novel biorational insecticides, each representing a novel mode of action. Flonicamid, a novel systemic insecticide with selective activity as feeding blocker against sucking insects, showed high toxicity against first-instar A. pisum nymphs with an LC(50) of 20.4 microg/ml after 24 h, and of 0.24 microg/ml after 72 h. The toxicity was compared with another feeding blocker, pymetrozine, and the neonicotinoid, imidacloprid. In addition, four insect growth regulators were tested. The chitin synthesis inhibitor flufenoxuron, the juvenile hormone analogue pyriproxyfen, and the azadirachtin compound Neem Azal-T/S showed strong effects and reduced the aphid population by 50% after 3 days of treatment at a concentration of 7-9 microg/ml. The ecdysone agonist tested, halofenozide, was less potent. In conclusion, the improved aphid feeding apparatus can be useful as a miniature screening device for insecticides against different aphid pests. The present study demonstrated rapid and strong toxicity of flonicamid, and other biorational insecticides towards A. pisum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Sadeghi
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J.M. Van Damme
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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