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Ru X, You W, Zhang J, Xu F, Wu Z, Jin P, Zheng Y, Cao S. γ-aminobutyric acid treatment inhibits browning and promotes storage quality by regulating reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid metabolism in fresh-cut stem lettuce. Food Chem 2024; 459:140420. [PMID: 39024869 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The effects of γ-aminobutyric (GABA) on enzymatic browning, storage quality, membrane and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in fresh-cut stem lettuce were investigated. The results illustrated that GABA treatment delayed browning degree, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and the expression of LsPPO. Meanwhile, higher chlorophyll and ascorbic acid contents were exhibited in GABA-treated stem lettuce, as well as the slower microbial propagation. Further investigation revealed that exogenous GABA application declined malondialdehyde content, electrolyte leakage and the enzyme activities of membrane metabolism, and the expression levels of related genes were also downregulated. In addition, GABA treatment scavenged ROS and strengthened the enzyme activities of ROS metabolism, as well as the expression levels of corresponding genes. Taken together, these findings implied that the repressed enzymatic browning and microbial propagation in GABA-treated stem lettuce were due to the inhibition of ROS accumulation, enhancement of membrane stability and increased resistance to oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyin Ru
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wanli You
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhengguo Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Shifeng Cao
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, PR China.
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Nan Y, Zhang M, Li Y, Bi Y. The G-protein alpha subunit AaGA1 positively regulates vegetative growth, appressorium-like formation, and pathogenicity in Alternaria alternata. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae198. [PMID: 39104199 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The Gα subunit is a major component of heterotrimeric G proteins, which play a crucial role in the development and pathogenicity of several model fungi. However, its detailed function in the causal agent of pear black spot (Alternaria alternata) is unclear. Our aim was to understand the characteristics and functions of AaGA1 in A. alternata. METHODS AND RESULTS AaGA1 was cloned from A. alternata in this study, which encodes 353 amino acids and has a "G-alpha" domain. Mutant ΔAaGA1 resulted in reduced vegetative growth, conidiation, and spore germination. Especially, mutant ΔAaGA1 produced only fewer conidia on the V8A medium, and spore formation-related genes AbaA, BrlA, and WetA were significantly downregulated. More tolerance against cell wall-inhibiting agents was observed after the deletion of AaGA1. Moreover, AaGA1 deletion led to a significant reduction in melanin and toxin production. Interestingly, deletion of AaGA1 resulted in defective appressorium-like formations, complete loss of the ability to penetrate cellophane, and decreased infection on non-wound inoculated tobacco leaves. Cell wall-degrading enzyme-related genes PME, CL, Cut2, and LC were significantly downregulated in mutant ΔAaGA1 mutant, significantly reducing virulence on wound-inoculated pear fruits. CONCLUSIONS The G protein alpha subunit AaGA1 is indispensable for fungal development, appressorium-like formations, and pathogenicity in A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanping Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Jan R, Asif S, Asaf S, Lubna, Khan Z, Khan W, Kim KM. Gamma-aminobutyric acid treatment promotes resistance against Sogatella furcifera in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1419999. [PMID: 39091314 PMCID: PMC11291254 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1419999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) is a white-backed planthopper (WBPH) that causes "hopper burn" in rice, resulting in severe yield loss. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a well-known neurotransmitter that inhibits neurotransmission in insects by binding to specific receptors. In this study, we investigated the potential role of GABA in modulating rice resistance to WBPH and evaluated possible defense mechanisms. The experiment was conducted in green house in pots consist of four groups: control, GABA-treated, WBPH-infested, and WBPH-infested treated with GABA. Among the various tested concentration of GABA, 15 mM GABA was applied as a single treatment in water. The treatment was administered one week before WBPH infestation. The results revealed that 15 mM GABA treatment strongly increased WBPH resistance. A plate-based assay indicated that direct application of 15 mM GABA increased the mortality rate of WBPH and increased the damage recovery rate in rice plants. We found that GABA treatment increased the activation of antioxidant enzymes and reduced the reactive oxygen species content and malondialdehyde contents, and reduced the damage rate caused by WBPH. Interestingly, GABA-supplemented plants infested with WBPH exhibited increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes expression levels. GABA induced the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) and enhanced the stomata closure and reduced leaf vessels to reduce water conductance during WBPH stress. Furthermore, we found that GABA application to the plant induced the expression of Jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes (LOX, AOS, AOC, and OPR) and melatonin biosynthesis-related genes (TDC, T5H, ASMT, and SNAT). Our study suggested that GABA increases resistance against WBPH infestation by regulating antioxidant defense system, TCA cycle regulation, phytohormonal signaling, and PR gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmatullah Jan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Saleem Asif
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lubna
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Zakirullah Khan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Waleed Khan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Decsi K, Ahmed M, Rizk R, Abdul-Hamid D, Kovács GP, Tóth Z. Emerging Trends in Non-Protein Amino Acids as Potential Priming Agents: Implications for Stress Management Strategies and Unveiling Their Regulatory Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6203. [PMID: 38892391 PMCID: PMC11172521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants endure the repercussions of environmental stress. As the advancement of global climate change continues, it is increasingly crucial to protect against abiotic and biotic stress effects. Some naturally occurring plant compounds can be used effectively to protect the plants. By externally applying priming compounds, plants can be prompted to trigger their defensive mechanisms, resulting in improved immune system effectiveness. This review article examines the possibilities of utilizing exogenous alpha-, beta-, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (AABA, BABA, and GABA), which are non-protein amino acids (NPAAs) that are produced naturally in plants during instances of stress. The article additionally presents a concise overview of the studies' discoveries on this topic, assesses the particular fields in which they might be implemented, and proposes new avenues for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kincső Decsi
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (R.R.); (Z.T.)
| | - Mostafa Ahmed
- Festetics Doctoral School, Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary;
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Roquia Rizk
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (R.R.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Donia Abdul-Hamid
- Heavy Metals Department, Central Laboratory for The Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food (QCAP), Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt;
| | - Gergő Péter Kovács
- Institute of Agronomy, Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Tóth
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (R.R.); (Z.T.)
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Soltani Nejad M, Najafabadi NS, Aghighi S, Zargar M, Bayat M, Pakina E. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by sweet cherry and its application against cherry spot disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31508. [PMID: 38813185 PMCID: PMC11133914 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Asia has a rich history of cultivating sweet cherries, a practice that has been carried out since ancient times. However, the effective management of Alternaria disease in sweet cherry crops has presented a formidable challenge, resulting in notable decreases in yield. Various attempts have been made to employ both chemical and biological treatments; however, their effectiveness has been restricted. In order to tackle this problem, an investigation was carried out, with the primary objective of isolating and identifying Alternaria isolates that are accountable for the occurrence of sweet cherry soft spot rot. Out of the twelve isolates examined, the CHM-4 isolate was found to be the most pathogenic. Its identification was achieved through the use of the ITS genomic region (ITS1 and ITS4), and the BLAST results revealed a 95 % similarity with Alternaria alternata (MG744381.1). The objective of the research was to explore the potential of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) synthesized by phytosynthesis as a novel antifungal agent to combat sweet cherry soft spot pathogenicity. The biosynthesis of SNPs was carried out using sweet cherry fruits kernel exudate, which served as an environmentally friendly source. The exudates exhibited the ability to produce nanoparticles with an average size of 24.97 nm. Analysis conducted using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed the multifaceted structure of these nanoparticles. Furthermore, when tested at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/ml, these biosynthetic nanoparticles demonstrated the capability to inhibit the growth of Alternaria fungi and effectively destroy fungal hyphae. It is advisable to utilize diverse components of sweet cherry for the synthesis of various nanoparticles owing to their compatibility with the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Soltani Nejad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 7616914111, Iran
| | - Neda Samandari Najafabadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948978, Iran
| | - Sonia Aghighi
- Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Afzalipour Research Institute, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 7616914111, Iran
| | - Meisam Zargar
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maryam Bayat
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Pakina
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198, Moscow, Russia
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Chakravorty M, Jaiswal KK, Bhatnagar P, Parveen A, Upadhyay S, Vlaskin MS, Alajmi MF, Chauhan PK, Nanda M, Kumar V. Exogenous GABA supplementation to facilitate Cr (III) tolerance and lipid biosynthesis in Chlorella sorokiniana. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120441. [PMID: 38430879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae possess the prospective to be efficiently involved in bioremediation and biodiesel generation. However, conditions of stress often restrict their growth and diminish different metabolic processes. The current study evaluates the potential of GABA to improve the growth of the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana under Cr (III) stress through the exogenous administration of GABA. The research also investigates the concurrent impact of GABA and Cr (III) stress on various metabolic and biochemical pathways of the microalgae. In addition to the control, cultures treated with Cr (III), GABA, and both Cr (III) and GABA treated were assessed for accurately analysing the influence of GABA. The outcomes illustrated that GABA significantly promoted growth of the microalgae, resulting in higher biomass productivity (19.14 mg/L/day), lipid productivity (3.445 mg/L/day) and lipid content (18%) when compared with the cultures under Cr (III) treatment only. GABA also enhanced Chl a content (5.992 μg/ml) and percentage of protein (23.75%). FAMEs analysis by GC-MS and total lipid profile revealed that GABA treatment can boost the production of SFA and lower the level of PUFA, a distribution ideal for improving biodiesel quality. ICP-MS analysis revealed that GABA supplementation could extend Cr (III) mitigation level up to 97.7%, suggesting a potential strategy for bioremediation. This novel study demonstrates the merits of incorporating GABA in C. sorokiniana cultures under Cr (III) stress, in terms of its potential in bioremediation and biodiesel production without disrupting the pathways of photosynthesis and protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Chakravorty
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Kumar Jaiswal
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Green Energy Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Afreen Parveen
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Shuchi Upadhyay
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology SoHST, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Mikhail S Vlaskin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohamed Fahad Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - P K Chauhan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, HP, India
| | - Manisha Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India; Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation; Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India.
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Hosseini M, Saidi A, Maali-Amiri R, Khosravi-Nejad F, Abbasi A. Low-temperature acclimation related with developmental regulations of polyamines and ethylene metabolism in wheat recombinant inbred lines. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108198. [PMID: 38008007 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Winter survival is determined by complicated developmental regulations enabling wheat to adjust their transcriptome and metabolome to develop low temperature (LT) tolerance. The aim of the study was to clarify the metabolic responses developmentally regulated in six F6 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between Pishtaz (spring parent) and Mironovskaya 808 (winter parent). Spring genotypes, including pishtaz, RILs 4006 and 4014 showed lower LT tolerance, PAs (except the spermin), GABA and proline contents and DPPH• scavenging capacity. In these genotypes, genes and enzymes involved in the pathways of PAs and GABA degradation and ethylene biosynthesis were more active than other genotypes. RILs 4012 and 4016 with short vernalization displayed higher tolerance and lower H2O2 content compared to Pishtaz. Strong vernalization requirements in winter and facultative genotypes (Mironovskaya 808 parent and RILs 4003 and 4005) results in up-regulation of the metabolites and genes involved in PAs and GABA biosynthesis pathways (particularly when vernalization fulfillment occurred) to establish high tolerance as compared to genotypes without vernalization requirement. LT tolerance in all genotypes significantly decreased after vernalization fulfillment in February. Results indicated that LT tolerance was partly validated from developmental regulation of PAs, GABA, and ethylene metabolism during venalization and LT acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Saidi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Maali-Amiri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-77871, Iran.
| | | | - Amin Abbasi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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Nehela Y, Killiny N. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Accumulation Contributes to Citrus sinensis Response against ' Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus' via Modulation of Multiple Metabolic Pathways and Redox Status. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3753. [PMID: 37960112 PMCID: PMC10650511 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB; also known as citrus greening) is the most destructive bacterial disease of citrus worldwide with no known sustainable cure yet. Herein, we used non-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to prove that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation might influence the homeostasis of several metabolic pathways, as well as antioxidant defense machinery, and their metabolism-related genes. Overall, 41 metabolites were detected in 'Valencia' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) leaf extract including 19 proteinogenic amino acids (PAA), 10 organic acids, 5 fatty acids, and 9 other amines (four phenolic amines and three non-PAA). Exogenous GABA application increased most PAA in healthy (except L-threonine, L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid, and L-methionine) and 'Candidatus L. asiaticus'-infected citrus plants (with no exception). Moreover, GABA accumulation significantly induced L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, and α-linolenic acid, the main precursors of auxins, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA), respectively. Furthermore, GABA supplementation upregulated most, if not all, of amino acids, phenolic amines, phytohormone metabolism-related, and GABA shunt-associated genes in both healthy and 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected leaves. Moreover, although 'Ca. L. asiaticus' induced the accumulation of H2O2 and O2•- and generated strong oxidative stress in infected leaves, GABA possibly stimulates the activation of a multilayered antioxidative system to neutralize the deleterious effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintain redox status within infected leaves. This complex system comprises two major components: (i) the enzymatic antioxidant defense machinery (six POXs, four SODs, and CAT) that serves as the front line in antioxidant defenses, and (ii) the non-enzymatic antioxidant defense machinery (phenolic acids and phenolic amines) that works as a second defense line against 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-induced ROS in citrus infected leaves. Collectively, our findings suggest that GABA might be a promising alternative eco-friendly strategy that helps citrus trees battle HLB particularly, and other diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Nehela
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;
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Nehela Y, Killiny N. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Supplementation Boosts the Phytohormonal Profile in ' Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'-Infected Citrus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3647. [PMID: 37896110 PMCID: PMC10609878 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The devastating citrus disease, Huanglongbing (HLB), is associated with 'Candidatus Liberibacter sp.' and transmitted by citrus psyllids. Unfortunately, HLB has no known sustainable cure yet. Herein, we proposed γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a potential eco-friendly therapeutic solution to HLB. Herein, we used GC/MS-based targeted metabolomics combined with gene expression to investigate the role of GABA in citrus response against HLB and to better understand its relationship(s) with different phytohormones. GABA supplementation via root drench boosts the accumulation of endogenous GABA in the leaves of both healthy and 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected trees. GABA accumulation benefits the activation of a multi-layered defensive system via modulating the phytohormone levels and regulating the expression of their biosynthesis genes and some pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) in both healthy and 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected plants. Moreover, our findings showed that GABA application stimulates auxin biosynthesis in 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected plants via the activation of the indole-3-pyruvate (I3PA) pathway, not via the tryptamine (TAM)-dependent pathway, to enhance the growth of HLB-affected trees. Likewise, GABA accumulation was associated with the upregulation of SA biosynthesis genes, particularly the PAL-dependent route, resulting in higher SA levels that activated CsPR1, CsPR2, CsPR5, and CsWRKY70, which are prominent to activation of the SA-mediated pathway. Additionally, higher GABA levels were correlated with an enhanced JA profile and linked with both CsPR3 and CsPR4, which activates the JA-mediated pathway. Collectively, our findings suggest that exogenous GABA application might be a promising alternative and eco-friendly strategy that helps citrus trees battle HLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Nehela
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;
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Alsaif MA, Veeramani C, Newehy ASE, Aloud AA, Al-Numair KS. Pouteria caimito fruit derived nanoparticles inhibited the apple ring rot disease as well as extended the shelf-life of sliced apples. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103744. [PMID: 37601566 PMCID: PMC10432247 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apple disease, exaggerated by Botryosphaeria dothidea, is a foremost intimidating problem for extending the apple fruit shelf-life and producing substantial economic losses for cultivators and distributors. Alternate sources are urgently needed to prevent or inhibit the ring rot infection of apple fruit instigated by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Objective In this current study, we premeditated to make novel organic nanoparticles as of Pouteria caimito fruit extract and calcium chloride (PCNP), which were used to evaluate the preventive outcome of Botryosphaeria dothidea-caused apple disease on postharvest apple fruits. Results Our findings corroborated that the fruit derived nanoparticle had been confirmed for quality and size by altered estimations such as fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-vis spectroscopic analysis, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM and EDX) estimation, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. In addition, we have investigated the excellent inhibitory action of the pathogen infection in apples initiated by Botryosphaeria dothidea. The protective enzymes function was pointedly improved in nanoparticle-treated apple fruits once equated with those of control apple fruits. The catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were pointedly improved in nanoparticle-treated fruits when compared to those of control fruits. The shelf-life extension studies were conducted for 7 days with a fresh-cut apple. The total soluble solid, pH, weight loss, and sensory studies were analyzed, and they proved the extension of sliced apple shelf life up to 7 days. Conclusions The discoveries of this study provided a well-organized, harmless, and environment-friendly substitute to control the apple disease as well as the durability postponement of sliced apples 7 days or may longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Alsaif
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chinnadurai Veeramani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. El Newehy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal A. Aloud
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Al-Numair
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Wang Y, Cao H, Wang S, Guo J, Dou H, Qiao J, Yang Q, Shao R, Wang H. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) improves salt-inhibited nitrogen metabolism and the anaplerotic reaction of the tricarboxylic acid cycle by regulating GABA-shunt metabolism in maize seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114756. [PMID: 36924595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress hampers the growth of most crop plants and reduces yield considerably. In addition to its role in metabolism, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a special role in the regulation of salinity stress tolerance in plants, though the underlying physiological mechanism remains poorly understood. In order to study the physiological mechanism of GABA pathway regulated carbon and nitrogen metabolism and tis relationship with salt resistance of maize seedlings, we supplemented seedlings with exogenous GABA under salt stress. In this study, we showed that supplementation with 0.5 mmol·L-1 (0.052 mg·g-1) GABA alleviated salt toxicity in maize seedling leaves, ameliorated salt-induced oxidative stress, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. Applying exogenous GABA maintained chloroplast structure and relieved chlorophyll degradation, thus improving the photosynthetic performance of the leaves. Due to the improvement in photosynthesis, sugar accumulation also increased. Endogenous GABA content and GABA transaminase (GABA-T) and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) activity were increased, while glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity was decreased, via the exogenous application of GABA under salt stress. Meanwhile, nitrogen metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were activated by the supply of GABA. In general, through the regulation of GABA-shunt metabolism, GABA activated enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism and replenished the key substrates of the TCA cycle, thereby improving the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of maize and improving salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of crop Chemical Control, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hongzhang Cao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shancong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiameng Guo
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of crop Chemical Control, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hangyu Dou
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiangfang Qiao
- Cereal Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450099, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of crop Chemical Control, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruixin Shao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of crop Chemical Control, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of crop Chemical Control, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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12
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Ali S, Khan AS, Nawaz A, Naz S, Ejaz S, Shah AA, Haider MW. The combined application of Arabic gum coating and γ-aminobutyric acid mitigates chilling injury and maintains eating quality of 'Kinnow' mandarin fruits. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123966. [PMID: 36898459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature storage of citrus generally extends the storage potential but leads to chilling injury appearance on the rind of fruits. The said physiological disorder has been found associated with changes in the metabolism of cell walls and other attributes. In this work, the influence of Arabic gum [AG (10 %)] and γ-amminobutyric acid [GABA (10 mmol L-1)] either alone or in combined form was studied on fruits of 'Kinnow' mandarin during storage at 5 ± 1 °C for 60 days. The results exhibited that the combined AG + GABA treatment significantly suppressed weight loss (5.13 %), chilling injury (CI) symptoms (2.41 score), incidence of disease (13.33 %), respiration rate [(4.81 μmol kg-1 h-1) RPR] and ethylene production [(0.86 nmol kg-1 h-1) EPR]. In addition, AG + GABA application reduced relative electrolyte (37.89 %) leakage (REL), malondialdehyde [(25.99 nmol kg-1) MDA], superoxide anion [(15.23 nmol min-1 kg-1) O2•-] and hydrogen peroxide [(27.08 nmol kg-1) H2O2] along with lower lipoxygenase [(23.81 U mg-1 protein) LOX] and phospholipase D [(14.07 U mg-1 protein) PLD] enzyme activities compared with control. The AG + GABA treated 'Kinnow' group showed higher glutamate decarboxylase [(43.18 U mg-1 protein) GAD] and lower GABA transaminase [(15.93 U mg-1 protein) GABA-T] activity having higher endogenous GABA (42.02 mg kg-1) content. The fruits treated with AG + GABA exhibited higher cell walls (CW) components such as Na2CO3-soluble pectin [(6.55 g kg-1) NCSP], chelate-soluble pectin [(7.13 g kg-1) CSP] and protopectin [(11.03 g kg-1) PRP] concentrations along with lower water-soluble pectin [(10.64 g kg-1) WSP] compared to control. In addition, 'Kinnow' fruits treated with AG + GABA showed higher firmness (8.63 N) and lower activities of CW degrading such as cellulase [(11.23 U mg-1 protein) CX], polygalacturonase [(22.59 U mg-1 protein) PG], pectin methylesterase [(15.61 U mg-1 protein) PME] and β-galactosidase [(20.64 U mg-1 protein) β-Gal] enzymes. The activity of catalase [(41.56 U mg-1 protein) CAT], ascorbate peroxidase [(55.57 U mg-1 protein) APX], superoxide dismutase [(52.93 U mg-1 protein) SOD] and peroxidase [(31.02 U mg-1 protein) POD] was also higher in combined treatment. In addition, AG + GABA treated fruits showed better biochemical and sensory attributes than the control. So, combined AG + GABA could be used for CI mitigation and storage life prolongation of 'Kinnow' fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmad Sattar Khan
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Nawaz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Safina Naz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shaghef Ejaz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wasim Haider
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
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13
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Xing S, Gao Y, Li X, Ren H, Gao Y, Yang H, Liu Y, He S, Huang Q. Antifungal Activity of Volatile Components from Ceratocystis fimbriata and Its Potential Biocontrol Mechanism on Alternaria alternata in Postharvest Cherry Tomato Fruit. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0271322. [PMID: 36625661 PMCID: PMC9927153 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02713-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by fungal pathogens is the main factor leading to postharvest rot and quality deterioration of fruit and vegetables. Rotting caused by Alternaria alternata is a concerning disease for numerous crops in both production and postharvest stages, especially tomato black spots. In this study, the double Petri dish assay showed that the VOCs of Ceratocystis fimbriata WJSK-1 and Mby inhibited the mycelial growth of fungal pathogen A. alternata, with a percentage inhibition of 52.2% and 42.9%. Then, HS-SPME-GC-MS technology was used to analyze the volatiles produced by two strains of C. fimbriata (WJSK-1, Mby), a total of 42 volatile single components were obtained, the main volatiles compounds identified include nine esters, 10 ketones, five alcohols, four aldehydes, three aromatic hydrocarbons, three heterocycles, four alkenes, three alkanes, and one acid. After that, the antifungal activity of a single volatile component was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo, four single components with antifungal effects were screened out, namely, benzaldehyde, nonanal, 2-Phenylethanol and isoamyl acetate, with IC50 values show the smallest values for benzaldehyde and nonanal at 0.11 μL mL-1, 0.04 μL mL-1. A. alternata exposed to VOCs had abnormal morphology for hyphae, delayed sporulation, and inhibited spore germination. In vivo experiment shows that the four volatile components can effectively suppress disease incidence on fungal-inoculated fruit; the two aldehydes (benzaldehyde and nonanal) have more prominent effect on delaying fruit onset of disease. The results showed that VOCs produced by C. fimbriata have potential as a fumigant for controlling black rot in cherry tomatoes. IMPORTANCE In this research, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced based on C. fimbriata exhibited strong antifungal activity against the fungal pathogen A. alternata. Our aim is to explore their bacteriostatic components. HS-SPME-GC-MS technology was used to analyze the volatiles produced by the C. fimbriata strain (WJSK-1, Mby). Postharvest cherry tomato fruit black rot caused by A. alternata was treated both in vitro and in vivo, with pure individual components produced by C. fimbriata. The benzaldehyde, nonanal, 2-Phenylethanol, and isoamyl acetate from C. fimbriata can effectively inhibit growth of A. alternata, and delay disease. It has the potential to be developed as a new type of fumigant, a potential replacement for fungicides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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14
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Wang J, Zhang F, Yao T, Li Y, Wei N. Risk assessment of mycotoxins, the identification and environmental influence on toxin-producing ability of Alternaria alternate in the main Tibetan Plateau Triticeae crops. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1115592. [PMID: 36824588 PMCID: PMC9942522 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1115592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to find out the contamination of mycotoxins in Triticeae crops of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, a total of 153 Triticeae crop fruits were collected as target samples, and 22 mycotoxins were tested. High detection rate was found in the Alternaria mycotoxins, including tentoxin (TEN), tenuazonic acid (TEA) and alternariol (AOH) toxins. To further clarify the production rules of Alternaria mycotoxins. A number of 9 high yield toxic strains were selected from 65 bacterial strains and the gene sequences of each were determined. The nine selected Alternaria alternate were cultured under specific pH of the culture medium, temperature and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and their growth and toxicity were analyzed. The results showed that the toxic capacity of most A. alternate increased with the increase of culture environment temperature and decreased with the increase of UV irradiation. However, the production of some toxins did not meet this principle, or even met the principle of relativity. In the culture experiments, a total of five Alternaria toxins were detected as positive, which were TEN, AOH, alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), TEA, and Alternaria (ALT). The altenusin (ALS) toxin was not detected in the metabolites of the nine Alternaria strains. It indicated that the TEN, AOH, AME, TEA, and ALT toxins should be particularly valued in the future risk assessments. This finding provided comprehensive information of mycotoxins contamination in the Tibetan Plateau Triticeae crops, it pointed out a direction to the Tibetan Plateau food crops' quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Zhang Zhong-jing School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
| | - Feilong Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Ting Yao
- Zhang Zhong-jing School of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Na Wei
- Institute of Agricultural Product Quality Standard and Testing Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China,*Correspondence: Na Wei, ✉
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15
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Yao C, Shi F, Wang X. Chromosomal editing of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:7-21. [PMID: 35106837 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum has been used as a sustainable microbial producer for various bioproducts using cheap biomass resources. In this study, a high GABA-producing C. glutamicum strain was constructed by chromosomal editing. Lactobacillus brevis-derived gadB2 was introduced into the chromosome of C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid and simultaneously blocked the biosynthesis of lactate and acetate. GABA transport and degradation in C. glutamicum were also blocked to improve GABA production. As precursor of GABA, l-glutamic acid synthesis in C. glutamicum was enhanced by introducing E. coli gdhA encoding glutamic dehydrogenase, and the copy numbers of gdhA and gadB2 were also optimized for higher GABA production. The final C. glutamicum strain CGY705 could produce 33.17 g/L GABA from glucose in a 2.4-L bioreactor after 78 h fed-batch fermentation. Since all deletion and expression of genes were performed using chromosomal editing, fermentation of the GABA-producing strains constructed in this study does not need supplementation of any antibiotics and inducers. The strategy used in this study has potential value in the development of GABA-producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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16
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Lacrampe N, Colombié S, Dumont D, Nicot P, Lecompte F, Lugan R. Nitrogen-mediated metabolic patterns of susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea infection in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) stems. PLANTA 2023; 257:41. [PMID: 36680621 PMCID: PMC9867679 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Severe N stress allows an accumulation of C-based compounds but impedes that of N-based compounds required to lower the susceptibility of tomato stem to Botrytis cinerea. Botrytis cinerea, a necrotrophic filamentous fungus, forms potentially lethal lesions on the stems of infected plants. Contrasted levels of susceptibility to B. cinerea were obtained in a tomato cultivar grown on a range of nitrate concentration: low N supply resulted in high susceptibility while high N supply conferred a strong resistance. Metabolic deviations and physiological traits resulting from both infection and nitrogen limitation were investigated in the symptomless stem tissue surrounding the necrotic lesion. Prior to infection, nitrogen-deficient plants showed reduced levels of nitrogen-based compounds such as amino acids, proteins, and glutathione and elevated levels of carbon-based and defence compounds such as α-tomatine and chlorogenic acid. After B. cinerea inoculation, all plants displayed a few common responses, mainly alanine accumulation and galactinol depletion. The metabolome of resistant plants grown under high N supply showed no significant change after inoculation. On the contrary, the metabolome of susceptible plants grown under low N supply showed massive metabolic adjustments, including changes in central metabolism around glutamate and respiratory pathways, suggesting active resource mobilization and production of energy and reducing power. Redox and defence metabolisms were also stimulated by the infection in plants grown under low N supply; glutathione and chlorogenic acid accumulated, as well as metabolites with more controversial defensive roles, such as polyamines, GABA, branched-chain amino acids and phytosterols. Taken together, the results showed that nitrogen deficiency, although leading to an increase in secondary metabolites even before the pathogen attack, must have compromised the constitutive levels of defence proteins and delayed or attenuated the induced responses. The involvement of galactinol, alanine, cycloartenol and citramalate in the tomato stem response to B. cinerea is reported here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lacrampe
- PSH Unit, INRAE, 84914 Avignon, France
- UMR Qualisud, Avignon Université, 84916 Avignon, France
| | - Sophie Colombié
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Univ Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | | | | | - Raphaël Lugan
- UMR Qualisud, Avignon Université, 84916 Avignon, France
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17
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Antifungal mechanisms of γ-aminobutyric acid against the postharvest pathogen Alternaria alternata. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Wang X, Cao J, Qiao J, Pan J, Zhang S, Li Q, Wang Q, Gong B, Shi J. GABA keeps nitric oxide in balance by regulating GSNOR to enhance disease resistance of harvested tomato against Botrytis cinerea. Food Chem 2022; 392:133299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Maravi DK, Kumar S, Sahoo L. NMR-Based Metabolomic Profiling of Mungbean Infected with Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5808-5826. [PMID: 35819689 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mungbean is an important legume mainly cultivated in Southeast Asia known for cheap source of food protein. Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) of mungbean is one of the most damaging diseases caused by mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) and mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) in India. The genetic basis of YMD resistance of mungbean is not well studied yet. Our present studies aimed to explore the genetic basis of YMD resistance through molecular, biochemical and metabolomics approach. Molecular analysis of YMV-infected mungbean plant materials revealed the presence of MYMIV. Chlorophyll contents were estimated as mosaic symptoms that cause chlorosis and necrosis in infected leaves. Chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content were significantly reduced by 27-55% in infected samples compared non-infected control samples. 1H NMR-based metabolomic profiling of virus-infected mungbean were carried out, and we found that vital changes occurred during the development of MYMIV infection in mungbean. A total of fifty metabolites were identified in mungbean leaf samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) separated the severely infected sample from the non-infected samples. Orthogonal partial least discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed significant differences in MYMIV-infected and non-infected control samples. The featured metabolites in MYMIV infected and control samples were amino acids, carbohydrates, and organic acids. Relative abundance of sucrose, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), proline, alanine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, pyruvate, ascorbate, and citrates were found as differential metabolites. Our results suggest that metabolic changes in infected mungbean samples is related to the viral acquisition. The present study may help in better understanding the metabolic alterations during biotic stress in mungbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Kumar Maravi
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India, 781039
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India, 781039
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India, 781039
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India, 781039.
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India, 781039.
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20
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Jiang G, Sun H, Sun H, Fu Y, Li X, Wang L, Liu X. Effects of γ-aminobutyric acid on freshness and processing properties of eggs during storage. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111443. [PMID: 35761683 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on egg storage properties were investigated by comparing freshness and processing properties between eggs treated with different GABA concentrations and untreated controls. GABA treatment delayed storage-associated increases of albumen pH value and surface hydrophobicity and decreases of protein index, yolk index, Haugh unit (HU) value, albumen height, solubility, gel hardness, and apparent viscosity. Highest HU, yolk index, and emulsion stability values and peak storage performance were observed after injection of eggs with 0.05 mL of GABA (0.3 g/mL). Even after 25 days of storage, GABA-treated eggs exhibited freshness resembling that of fresh eggs, indicating that GABA treatment extended shelf life by 10 days relative to controls. Peak solubility, emulsifying activity, emulsifying stability, foaming capacity, and foaming stability values of 89.74%, 0.72, 14.18, 43.35, and 45.57, respectively, for GABA-treated eggs exceeded corresponding control group values, thus demonstrating that GABA treatment of eggs slowed storage-related deterioration of freshness and processing quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongrui Sun
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Hongjiao Sun
- Jilin Jinong Hi-tech Inc., Ltd, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Yuan Fu
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Baicheng product quality inspection institute, Baicheng 137099, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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21
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Meng S, Huang S, Liu J, Gai Y, Li M, Duan S, Zhang S, Sun X, Yang Q, Wang Y, Xu K, Ma H. Histone Methylation Is Required for Virulence, Conidiation, and Multi-Stress Resistance of Alternaria alternata. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:924476. [PMID: 35783406 PMCID: PMC9245015 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.924476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation, which is critical for transcriptional regulation and various biological processes in eukaryotes, is a reversible dynamic process regulated by histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (HDMs). This study determined the function of 5 HMTs (AaDot1, AaHMT1, AaHnrnp, AaSet1, and AaSet2) and 1 HDMs (AaGhd2) in the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata by analyzing targeted gene deletion mutants. The vegetative growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity of ∆AaSet1 and ∆AaSet2 were severely inhibited indicating that AaSet1 and AaSet2 play critical roles in cell development in A. alternata. Multiple stresses analysis revealed that both AaSet1 and AaSet2 were involved in the adaptation to cell wall interference agents and osmotic stress. Meanwhile, ∆AaSet1 and ∆AaSet2 displayed serious vegetative growth defects in sole carbon source medium, indicating that AaSet1 and AaSet2 play an important role in carbon source utilization. In addition, ∆AaSet2 colony displayed white in color, while the wild-type colony was dark brown, indicating AaSet2 is an essential gene for melanin biosynthesis in A. alternata. AaSet2 was required for the resistance to oxidative stress. On the other hand, all of ∆AaDot1, ∆AaHMT1, and ∆AaGhd2 mutants displayed wild-type phenotype in vegetative growth, multi-stress resistance, pathogenicity, carbon source utilization, and melanin biosynthesis. To explore the regulatory mechanism of AaSet1 and AaSet2, RNA-seq of these mutants and wild-type strain was performed. Phenotypes mentioned above correlated well with the differentially expressed genes in ∆AaSet1 and ∆AaSet2 according to the KEGG and GO enrichment results. Overall, our study provides genetic evidence that defines the central role of HMTs and HDMs in the pathological and biological functions of A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suya Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., LTD, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Gai
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory (GNU-UF Joint Lab), National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shuo Duan
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory (GNU-UF Joint Lab), National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuepeng Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Linyi Inspection and Testing Center, Linyi, China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijie Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Aghdam MS, Flaherty EJ, Shelp BJ. γ-Aminobutyrate Improves the Postharvest Marketability of Horticultural Commodities: Advances and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:884572. [PMID: 35693167 PMCID: PMC9174936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.884572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest deterioration can result in qualitative and quantitative changes in the marketability of horticultural commodities, as well as considerable economic loss to the industry. Low temperature and controlled atmosphere conditions (low O2 and elevated CO2) are extensively employed to prolong the postharvest life of these commodities. Nevertheless, they may suffer from chilling injury and other physiological disorders, as well as excessive water loss and bacterial/fungal decay. Research on the postharvest physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of horticultural commodities indicates that low temperature/controlled atmosphere storage is associated with the promotion of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) pathway activity, with or without the accumulation of GABA, delaying senescence, preserving quality and ameliorating chilling injury. Regardless of whether apple fruits are stored under low temperature/controlled atmosphere conditions or room temperature, elevated endogenous GABA or exogenous GABA maintains their quality by stimulating the activity of the GABA shunt (glutamate GABA succinic semialdehyde succinate) and the synthesis of malate, and delaying fruit ripening. This outcome is associated with changes in the genetic and biochemical regulation of key GABA pathway reactions. Flux estimates suggest that the GABA pool is derived primarily from glutamate, rather than polyamines, and that succinic semialdehyde is converted mainly to succinate, rather than γ-hydroxybutyrate. Exogenous GABA is a promising strategy for promoting the level of endogenous GABA and the activity of the GABA shunt in both intact and fresh-cut commodities, which increases carbon flux through respiratory pathways, restores or partially restores redox and energy levels, and improves postharvest marketability. The precise mechanisms whereby GABA interacts with other signaling molecules such as Ca2+, H2O2, polyamines, salicylic acid, nitric oxide and melatonin, or with phytohormones such as ethylene, abscisic acid and auxin remain unknown. The occurrence of the aluminum-activated malate transporter and the glutamate/aspartate/GABA exchanger in the tonoplast, respectively, offers prospects for reducing transpirational water in cut flowers and immature green fruit, and for altering the development, flavor and biotic resistance of apple fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward J. Flaherty
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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23
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Li C, Zhu J, Sun L, Cheng Y, Hou J, Fan Y, Ge Y. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid maintains fruit quality of apples through regulation of ethylene anabolism and polyamine metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:92-101. [PMID: 34773806 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 'Golden Delicious' apples were dipped with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) solution to investigate the changes of quality parameters, ethylene anabolism, polyamine metabolism and GABA shunt. Results showed that GABA distinctly suppressed respiratory rate, reduced titratable acidity, maintained higher soluble solid content and pericarp firmness of apples. Compared to the control, GABA also repressed the activities and gene expressions of polyamine oxidase (PAO) and diamine oxidase (DAO), enhanced MdMT, MdMS, MdSAMS, MdSAMDC, MdSPDS, MdODC, MdADC, and MdACL5 expressions, and accelerated the accumulation of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in the exocarp of apples. Moreover, GABA decreased ethylene release, MdACS and MdACO gene expressions in the exocarp. In addition, exogenous GABA activated MdGAD, MdGDH, MdGS expressions and inhibited MdGABA-T and MdSSADH expressions in the GABA shunt, therefore increased endogenous GABA, pyruvic acid and glutamate contents in the exocarp. These findings suggest that exogenous GABA regulates ethylene anabolism, polyamine metabolism and GABA shunt to maintain fruit quality of 'Golden Delicious' apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canying Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Jie Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Jiabao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Yiting Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Yonghong Ge
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China.
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Rani M, Jha G. Host Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Metabolic Pathway Is Involved in Resistance Against Rhizoctonia solani. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1207-1218. [PMID: 33320020 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-20-0356-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a highly destructive necrotrophic fungal pathogen having a diverse host range, including rice and tomato. Previously R. solani infection has been found to cause large-scale readjustment in host primary metabolism and accumulation of various stress-associated metabolites such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rice. In this study, we report upregulation of GABA pathway genes during pathogenesis of R. solani in rice and tomato. The exogenous application of GABA provided partial resistance against R. solani infection in both the hosts. Furthermore, by using the virus-induced gene silencing approach, we knocked down the expression of some of the tomato genes involved in GABA biosynthesis (glutamate decarboxylase) and GABA catabolism (GABA-transaminase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase) to study their role in host defense against R. solani infection. The silencing of each of these genes increased disease susceptibility in tomato. Overall the results from gene expression analysis, exogenous chemical application, and gene silencing studies suggest that the GABA pathway plays a positive role in plant defense against necrotrophic pathogen R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Rani
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Gopaljee Jha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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25
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Discovery of novel photosensitized nanoparticles as a preservative for the storage of strawberries and their activity against Botrytis cinerea. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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26
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Karpova N, Shagdarova B, Lunkov A, Il'ina A, Varlamov V. Antifungal action of chitosan in combination with fungicides in vitro and chitosan conjugate with gallic acid on tomatoes against Botrytis cinerea. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1565-1574. [PMID: 33974182 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, a positive effect was obtained by using low molecular weight chitosan compounds in combination with synthetic fungicides. Antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, determined by the radial growth method, was more than 75%, with a 25 × 10- 10 g/L concentration of fludioxonil or difenoconazole in compounds. Metabolic activity of B. cinerea fungus was about 15% when using a chitosan compound containing fludioxonil at a concentration of 25 × 10- 7 g/L. The combined action of chitosan with difenoconazole at a fungicide concentration of 25 × 10- 4 g/L is 2-3 times more effective than the action of each component separately. Results of studies for artificially inoculated B. cinerea tomato fruit when treated with low molecular chitosan and chitosan conjugate with gallic acid reduced the frequency of rotting fruit by 50 and 83%, respectively. Chitosan-gallic acid conjugate were obtained from chitosans with Mw of 28 kDa (Ch28GA) was proved to be effective as a preventive treatment for 3 days and can potentially be used as a biofungicide against B. cinerea on tomatoes in the post-harvest period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Karpova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Balzhima Shagdarova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow, Russia, 119071.
| | - Alexey Lunkov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Alla Il'ina
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow, Russia, 119071
| | - Valery Varlamov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave, Moscow, Russia, 119071
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Erhunmwunsee F, Pan C, Yang K, Li Y, Liu M, Tian J. Recent development in biological activities and safety concerns of perillaldehyde from perilla plants: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6328-6340. [PMID: 33749409 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1900060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpene Perillaldehyde (PAE) is a major component of the essential oil extracted from perilla plants (Perilla frutescens), which has been used as a leafy vegetable and a medicinal agent. PAE has gained a lot of attention in recent years because of its antifungal and other microbial activities and, human health benefits. PAE has also been used as food additives, perfume ingredients, and traditional medicine concoctions. Biological analyses of PAE have revealed that it has good antioxidant activities and can serve as organic fruit and food preservative. Animal studies indicated potent anticancer, anti-depressant, and anti-inflammatory effects of PAE. Also, PAE is certified "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) and not mutagenic. However, moderation during usage is advisable, as minor adverse effects are associated with a very high dosage. Despite the newly reported findings, its properties have not been thoroughly summarized and reviewed. Also, clinical trials and official large-scale field applications of PAE in the agricultural sectors are yet to be reported. In this review, updated PAE research progress was provided, focusing on its antifungal and other antimicrobial properties and the mechanisms behind it, phytochemical profile, pharmacological effects, and safety concerns.HighlightsIsolation and recovery techniques of PAE from perilla plants have been developed and improved in recent years.PAE is a potential anti-oxidant and antifungal agent that can be widely used in the food industry.PAE can be developed into drug ingredients for pharmaceutical industries due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-depressant activities.PAE can be safely used in human when low and moderate dosage is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Famous Erhunmwunsee
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Chao Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Kunlong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yongxin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Man Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jun Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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28
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Li L, Dou N, Zhang H, Wu C. The versatile GABA in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1862565. [PMID: 33404284 PMCID: PMC7889023 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1862565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a ubiquitous four-carbon, non-protein amino acid. GABA has been widely studied in animal central nervous systems, where it acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. In plants, it is metabolized through the GABA shunt pathway, a bypass of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Additionally, it can be synthesized through the polyamine metabolic pathway. GABA acts as a signal in Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated plant gene transformation and in plant development, especially in pollen tube elongation (to enter the ovule), root growth, fruit ripening, and seed germination. It is accumulated during plant responses to environmental stresses and pathogen and insect attacks. A high concentration of GABA elevates plant stress tolerance by improving photosynthesis, inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activating antioxidant enzymes, and regulating stomatal opening in drought stress. The transporters of GABA in plants are reviewed in this work. We summarize the recent research on GABA function and transporters with the goal of providing a review of GABA in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Dou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxia Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
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29
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Luo H, Liu Z, Xie F, Bilal M, Liu L, Yang R, Wang Z. Microbial production of gamma-aminobutyric acid: applications, state-of-the-art achievements, and future perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:491-512. [PMID: 33541153 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1869688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important non-protein amino acid with wide-ranging applications. Currently, GABA can be produced by a variety of methods, including chemical synthesis, plant enrichment, enzymatic methods, and microbial production. Among these methods, microbial production has gained increasing attention to meet the strict requirements of an additive in the fields of food, pharmaceutical, and livestock. In addition, renewable and abundant resources, such as glucose and lignocellulosic biomass can also be used for GABA microbial production under mild and environmentally friendly processing conditions. In this review, the applications, metabolic pathways and physiological functions of GABA in different microorganisms were firstly discussed. A comprehensive overview of the current status of process engineering strategies for enhanced GABA production, including fermentation optimization and whole-cell conversion from different feedstocks by various host strains is also provided. We also presented the state-of-the-art achievements in strain development strategies for industrial lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli to enhance the performance of GABA bioproduction. In order to use bio-based GABA in the fields of food and pharmaceutical, some Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) strains such as LAB and C. glutamicum will be the promising chassis hosts. Toward the end of this review, current challenges and valuable research directions/strategies on the improvements of process and strain engineering for economic microbial production of GABA are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Luo
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Fang Xie
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Lina Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Rongling Yang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
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30
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Huang Y, Sun C, Guan X, Lian S, Li B, Wang C. Butylated Hydroxytoluene Induced Resistance Against Botryosphaeria dothidea in Apple Fruit. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:599062. [PMID: 33519739 PMCID: PMC7840594 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.599062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple ring rot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea is an important disease in China, which leads to serious economic losses during storage. Plant activators are compounds that induce resistance against pathogen infection and are considered as a promising alternative strategy to traditional chemical treatment. In the present study, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a potential plant activator, was evaluated for its induced resistance against B. dothidea in postharvest apple fruits. The physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in induced resistance were also explored. The results showed that BHT treatment could trigger strong resistance in apple fruits against B. dothidea, and the optimum concentration was 200 μmol L–1 by immersion of fruits. BHT treatment significantly increased the activities of four defensive enzymes and alleviated lipid peroxidation by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, salicylic acid (SA) content was enhanced by BHT treatment as well as the expression of three SA biosynthesis-related genes (MdSID2, MdPAD4, and MdEDS1) and two defense genes (MdPR1 and MdPR5). Our results suggest that BHT-conferred resistance against B. dothidea might be mainly through increasing the activities of defense-related enzymes and activating SA signaling pathway, which may provide an alternative strategy to control apple ring rot in postharvest fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cuicui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangnan Guan
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sen Lian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baohua Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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31
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Ren T, Zheng P, Zhang K, Liao J, Xiong F, Shen Q, Ma Y, Fang W, Zhu X. Effects of GABA on the polyphenol accumulation and antioxidant activities in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) under heat-stress conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:363-371. [PMID: 33434784 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are important active components in tea plants, which have strong biological activity and antioxidant activity. A certain degree of stress or exogenous substances can significantly increase the content of polyphenols in plants. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a natural functional amino acid, was used to study whether exogenous GABA can increase the content of polyphenols and enhance antioxidant activity in tea plants under heat-stress conditions. The results showed that the content of GABA was positively correlated with the content of polyphenols (r = 0.649), especially with the content of total catechins (r = 0.837). Most of the related genes encoding flavonoid metabolism (PAL, C4H, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'H, F3'5'H, DFR, LAR, ANS, ANR and FLS) as well as enzyme activities (PAL, C4H and 4CL) were upregulated. In addition, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were induced under heat-stress conditions. However, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA), an inhibitor of GABA synthesis, exhibited opposite results under heat-stress conditions compared with GABA treatment. These results indicated that GABA plays a key role in the accumulation of polyphenols and the upregulation of the antioxidant system in tea plants under heat-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu Ren
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jieren Liao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Institute of Tea Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 417100, China
| | - Yuanchun Ma
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wanping Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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32
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Priming with γ-Aminobutyric Acid against Botrytis cinerea Reshuffles Metabolism and Reactive Oxygen Species: Dissecting Signalling and Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121174. [PMID: 33255543 PMCID: PMC7759855 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress-inducible non-proteinogenic amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known to alleviate several (a)biotic stresses in plants. GABA forms an important link between carbon and nitrogen metabolism and has been proposed as a signalling molecule in plants. Here, we set out to establish GABA as a priming compound against Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana and how metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are influenced after GABA treatment and infection. We show that GABA already primes disease resistance at low concentrations (100 µM), comparable to the well-characterized priming agent β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA). Treatment with GABA reduced ROS burst in response to flg22 (bacterial peptide derived from flagellum) and oligogalacturonides (OGs). Plants treated with GABA showed reduced H2O2 accumulation after infection due to increased activity of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase. Contrary to 100 µM GABA treatments, 1 mM exogenous GABA induced endogenous GABA before and after infection. Strikingly, 1 mM GABA promoted total and active nitrate reductase activity whereas 100 µM inhibited active nitrate reductase. Sucrose accumulated after GABA treatment, whereas glucose and fructose only accumulated in treated plants after infection. We propose that extracellular GABA signalling and endogenous metabolism can be separated at low exogenous concentrations.
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33
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Wang L, Luo Z, Yang M, Li D, Qi M, Xu Y, Abdelshafy AM, Ban Z, Wang F, Li L. Role of exogenous melatonin in table grapes: First evidence on contribution to the phenolics-oriented response. Food Chem 2020; 329:127155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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34
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Ji ZL, Peng S, Zhu W, Dong JP, Zhu F. Induced resistance in nectarine fruit by Bacillus licheniformis W10 for the control of brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola. Food Microbiol 2020; 92:103558. [PMID: 32950152 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola has led to considerable preharvest and postharvest losses in all major nectarine fruit-growing areas. In our previous study, we successfully identified a biocontrol strain of bacteria, Bacillus licheniformis W10, that can be used to control brown rot. However, the possible mechanism of the control of brown rot by B. licheniformis W10 is still unclear. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine whether B. licheniformis W10 induces resistance by activating defense-related enzymes including antioxidant enzymes in nectarine. Treatment of nectarine fruit with B. licheniformis W10 reduced both M. fructicola-induced oxidative damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, application of B. licheniformis to nectarine fruit resulted in a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant and defense-related enzymes and increase in the expression of the corresponding genes. Overall, our results verified the proposed mechanism of B. licheniformis W10 in controlling M. fructicola via regulation of ROS levels and activation of antioxidant and defense-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Lin Ji
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Shuai Peng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jing-Ping Dong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
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Gramazio P, Takayama M, Ezura H. Challenges and Prospects of New Plant Breeding Techniques for GABA Improvement in Crops: Tomato as an Example. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:577980. [PMID: 33014001 PMCID: PMC7500313 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.577980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the last seven decades, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has attracted great attention from scientists for its ubiquity in plants, animals and microorganisms and for its physiological implications as a signaling molecule involved in multiple pathways and processes. Recently, the food and pharmaceutical industries have also shown significantly increased interest in GABA, because of its great potential benefits for human health and the consumer demand for health-promoting functional compounds, resulting in the release of a plethora of GABA-enriched products. Nevertheless, many crop species accumulate appreciable GABA levels in their edible parts and could help to meet the daily recommended intake of GABA for promoting positive health effects. Therefore, plant breeders are devoting much effort into breeding elite varieties with improved GABA contents. In this regard, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the most produced and consumed vegetable worldwide and a fruit-bearing model crop, has received much consideration for its accumulation of remarkable GABA levels. Although many different strategies have been implemented, from classical crossbreeding to induced mutagenesis, new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) have achieved the best GABA accumulation results in red ripe tomato fruits along with shedding light on GABA metabolism and gene functions. In this review, we summarize, analyze and compare all the studies that have substantially contributed to tomato GABA breeding with further discussion and proposals regarding the most recent NPBTs that could bring this process to the next level of precision and efficiency. This document also provides guidelines with which researchers of other crops might take advantage of the progress achieved in tomato for more efficient GABA breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gramazio
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mariko Takayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Tarkowski ŁP, Signorelli S, Höfte M. γ-Aminobutyric acid and related amino acids in plant immune responses: Emerging mechanisms of action. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1103-1116. [PMID: 31997381 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The entanglement between primary metabolism regulation and stress responses is a puzzling and fascinating theme in plant sciences. Among the major metabolites found in plants, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) fulfils important roles in connecting C and N metabolic fluxes through the GABA shunt. Activation of GABA metabolism is known since long to occur in plant tissues following biotic stresses, where GABA appears to have substantially different modes of action towards different categories of pathogens and pests. While it can harm insects thanks to its inhibitory effect on the neuronal transmission, its capacity to modulate the hypersensitive response in attacked host cells was proven to be crucial for host defences in several pathosystems. In this review, we discuss how plants can employ GABA's versatility to effectively deal with all the major biotic stressors, and how GABA can shape plant immune responses against pathogens by modulating reactive oxygen species balance in invaded plant tissues. Finally, we discuss the connections between GABA and other stress-related amino acids such as BABA (β-aminobutyric acid), glutamate and proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz P Tarkowski
- Seed Metabolism and Stress Team, INRAE Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Bâtiment A, Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Santiago Signorelli
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Sayago CP, Montevideo, Uruguay
- The School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley CP, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley CP, WA, Australia
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Ji J, Shi Z, Xie T, Zhang X, Chen W, Du C, Sun J, Yue J, Zhao X, Jiang Z, Shi S. Responses of GABA shunt coupled with carbon and nitrogen metabolism in poplar under NaCl and CdCl 2 stresses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110322. [PMID: 32109582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt is closely associated with plant tolerance; however, little is known about its mechanism. This study aimed to decipher the responses of the GABA shunt and related carbon-nitrogen metabolism in poplar seedlings (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) treated with different NaCl and CdCl2 concentrations for 30 h. The results showed that the activities of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) were activated, as well as α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were enhanced by NaCl and CdCl2 stresses, except for SDH under CdCl2 stress. Meanwhile, the expression levels of GADs, GABA-Ts SDHs, succinyl-CoA ligases (SCSs), and succinic acid aldehyde dehydrogenases (SSADHs) were also increased. Notably, significant increases in the key components of GABA shunt, Glu and GABA, were observed under both stresses. Soluble sugars and free amino acids were enhanced, whereas citrate, malate and succinate were almost inhibited by both NaCl and CdCl2 stresses except that citrate was not changed or just increased by 50-mM NaCl stress. Thus, these results suggested that the carbon-nitrogen balance could be altered by activating the GABA shunt when main TCA-cycle intermediates were inhibited under NaCl and CdCl2 stresses. This study can enhance the understanding about the functions of the GABA shunt in woody plants under abiotic stresses and may be applied to the genetic improvement of trees for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jianyun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiulian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Zhang M, Li Y, Bi Y, Wang T, Dong Y, Yang Q, Zhang T. 2-Phenylethyl Isothiocyanate Exerts Antifungal Activity against Alternaria alternata by Affecting Membrane Integrity and Mycotoxin Production. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E124. [PMID: 32075318 PMCID: PMC7077316 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Black spot caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the important diseases of pear fruit during storage. Isothiocyanates are known as being strong antifungal compounds in vitro against different fungi. The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal effects of the volatile compound 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate (2-PEITC) against A. alternata in vitro and in pear fruit, and to explore the underlying inhibitory mechanisms. The in vitro results showed that 2-PEITC significantly inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of A. alternata-the inhibitory effects showed a dose-dependent pattern and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 1.22 mM. The development of black spot rot on the pear fruit inoculated with A. alternata was also significantly decreased by 2-PEITC fumigation. At 1.22 mM concentration, the lesion diameter was only 39% of that in the control fruit at 7 days after inoculation. Further results of the leakage of electrolyte, increase of intracellular OD260, and propidium iodide (PI) staining proved that 2-PEITC broke cell membrane permeability of A. alternata. Moreover, 2-PEITC treatment significantly decreased alternariol (AOH), alternariolmonomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), and tentoxin (TEN) contents of A. alternata. Taken together, these data suggest that the mechanisms underlying the antifungal effect of 2-PEITC against A. alternata might be via reduction in toxin content and breakdown of cell membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (M.Z.)
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Pan L, Zhao X, Chen M, Fu Y, Xiang M, Chen J. Effect of exogenous methyl jasmonate treatment on disease resistance of postharvest kiwifruit. Food Chem 2020; 305:125483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Effect of γ-aminobutyric acid on the antioxidant system and biochemical changes of mango fruit during storage. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Yu W, Yu M, Zhao R, Sheng J, Li Y, Shen L. Ethylene Perception Is Associated with Methyl-Jasmonate-Mediated Immune Response against Botrytis cinerea in Tomato Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6725-6735. [PMID: 31117506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA)- and ethylene-mediated signaling pathways are reported to have synergistic effects on inhibiting gray mold. The present study aimed to explain the role of ethylene perception in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-mediated immune responses. Results showed that exogenous MeJA enhanced disease resistance, accompanied by the induction of endogenous JA biosynthesis and ethylene production, which led to the activation of the phenolic metabolism pathway. Blocking ethylene perception using 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) either before or after MeJA treatment could differently weaken the disease responses induced by MeJA, including suppressing the induction of ethylene production and JA contents and reducing activities of lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase compared to MeJA treatment alone. Consequently, MeJA-induced elevations in the total phenolic content and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, and peroxidase were impaired by 1-MCP. These results suggested that ethylene perception participated in MeJA-mediated immune responses in tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiping Sheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , People's Republic of China
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Sun C, Jin L, Cai Y, Huang Y, Zheng X, Yu T. l-Glutamate treatment enhances disease resistance of tomato fruit by inducing the expression of glutamate receptors and the accumulation of amino acids. Food Chem 2019; 293:263-270. [PMID: 31151610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is the most important disease in postharvest tomato fruit. Inducing resistance to fungal pathogens in the harvested fruit and vegetable is a promising approach to control postharvest losses. In the present study, the effect of l-glutamate on induction of resistance to B. cinerea and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results indicated that l-glutamate at 100 ppm was effective in reducing the gray mold of tomatoes after inoculation of the pathogen. Gene expressions of nine glutamate receptors, four pathogenesis-related proteins and the content of amino acids were affected by l-glutamate treatment. Furthermore, the metabolites of l-glutamate, including GABA, Met, Lys and Arg, could also induce significant resistance against B. cinerea in tomato fruit. Our findings suggested that l-glutamate treatment may represent a promising method for managing postharvest decay of tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifei Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Mejri S, Siah A, Abuhaie CM, Halama P, Magnin-Robert M, Randoux B, Reignault P, Rigo B, Ghinet A. New salicylic acid and pyroglutamic acid conjugated derivatives confer protection to bread wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:1780-1786. [PMID: 30226928 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To promote sustainable agriculture and healthy food, research that contributes towards a new generation of eco-friendly phytosanitary compounds is increasingly encouraged. The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) is known for its ability to induce resistance in plants against a wide range of pathogens, whereas pyroglutamic acid (PGA), a constrained analogue of γ-aminobutyric acid, has never been studied in the context of plant protection. RESULTS The present study investigated for the first time the protection efficacy of SA and PGA and five new conjugated derivatives against Zymoseptoria tritici, the main pathogen in wheat crops. SA and four derivatives showed significant disease severity reductions in planta (up to 49%). In vitro assays revealed that some molecules, including SA, displayed a small direct antifungal activity, whereas others, such as PGA, showed no effect. This finding suggests that, especially for molecules without any direct activity, the mode of action relies mainly on the induction of plant resistance. CONCLUSION Further investigations are needed to identify the defence pathways involved in plant resistance mechanisms elicited or primed by the molecules. The manufacture of these products was easily achieved on a scale of tens of grams of raw materials, and is easily scalable. The synthetic pathway is simple, short and inexpensive. For all of these reasons, the production of the target molecules is attractive for producers, whereas the prospect of a generation of non-polluting compounds with lasting efficiency against Z. tritici in wheat comes at a key moment for the sustainability of agriculture. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Mejri
- Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture (ISA), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | - Ali Siah
- Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture (ISA), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | - Cristina-Maria Abuhaie
- Inserm U995, LIRIC, Université de Lille, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de médecine - Pôle recherche, Lille, France
- Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, UCLille, Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Lille, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, 'Al. I. Cuza' University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Patrice Halama
- Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture (ISA), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | - Maryline Magnin-Robert
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UCEIV-EA 4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, Calais, France
| | - Béatrice Randoux
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UCEIV-EA 4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, Calais, France
| | - Philippe Reignault
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UCEIV-EA 4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, Calais, France
| | - Benoît Rigo
- Inserm U995, LIRIC, Université de Lille, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de médecine - Pôle recherche, Lille, France
- Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, UCLille, Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Lille, France
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Inserm U995, LIRIC, Université de Lille, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de médecine - Pôle recherche, Lille, France
- Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, UCLille, Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Lille, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, 'Al. I. Cuza' University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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Lyu L, Bi Y, Li S, Xue H, Li Y, Prusky DB. Sodium silicate prime defense responses in harvested muskmelon by regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species production. Food Chem 2019; 289:369-376. [PMID: 30955625 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of postharvest treatment with sodium silicate (Si) (100 mM) on mitochondrial ROS production and energy metabolism of the muskmelon fruits (cv. Yujinxiang) on development of defense responses to Trichothecium roseum were studied. Si treatment decreased decay severity of inoculated muskmelons, enhanced the activities of energy metabolism of key enzymes and kept the intracellular ATP at a higher level; meanwhile, Si also induced the mtROS accumulation such as H2O2 and superoxide anion. TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis revealed that a total of 24 proteins with significant differences in abundance involved in energy metabolism, defense and stress responses, glycolytic and TCA cycle, and oxidation-reduction process. It is suggested by our study that melon fruit mitochondria, when induced by Si treatments, play a key role in priming of host resistance against T. roseum infection through the regulation of energy metabolism and ROS production in the pathogen infected muskmelon fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lyu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Shenge Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Huali Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Dov B Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Beit Dagan, Israel
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Xu D, Deng Y, Xi P, Yu G, Wang Q, Zeng Q, Jiang Z, Gao L. Fulvic acid-induced disease resistance to Botrytis cinerea in table grapes may be mediated by regulating phenylpropanoid metabolism. Food Chem 2019; 286:226-233. [PMID: 30827600 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a major postharvest disease of table grapes that leads to enormous economic losses during storage and transportation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fulvic acid on controlling gray mold of table grapes and explore its mechanism of action. The results showed that fulvic acid application significantly reduced downy blight severity in table grapes without exhibiting any antifungal activity in vitro. Fulvic acid induced phenylpropanoid metabolism, as evidenced by accumulation of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, higher activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), up-regulation of genes related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (PAL, C4H, 4CL, STS, ROMT and CHS). Our results suggested that fulvic acid induces resistance to B. cinerea mainly through the activation of phenylpropanoid pathway and can be used as a new activator of plant defense responses to control postharvest gray mold in table grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yizhen Deng
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Pinggen Xi
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Ge Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qingqian Zeng
- Guangdong Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zide Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lingwang Gao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Hijaz F, Killiny N. Exogenous GABA is quickly metabolized to succinic acid and fed into the plant TCA cycle. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:e1573096. [PMID: 30676228 PMCID: PMC6422366 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1573096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous application of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) could improve plant tolerance to environmental stresses such as hypoxia, heat, cold, drought, and salt stress. However, the mechanism by which GABA relieves stress is poorly understood. Here, we studied the uptake and metabolism of exogenous GABA in citrus leaves. Leaves were incubated in GABA solutions and the levels of endogenous GABA, succinic acid, and fumaric acid were investigated. Interestingly, the levels of endogenous GABA, succinic acid, and fumaric acid were quickly increased in GABA-treated leaves. This result indicated that GABA was taken up by the leaf, metabolized to succinic acid, and fed into the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). This finding suggested that exogenous GABA could enhance plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses by generating more energy through the activation of the GABA shunt pathway and TCA cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraj Hijaz
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
- CONTACT Nabil Killiny Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850
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Sun C, Fu D, Jin L, Chen M, Zheng X, Yu T. Chitin isolated from yeast cell wall induces the resistance of tomato fruit to Botrytis cinerea. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:341-352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hijaz F, Nehela Y, Killiny N. Application of gamma-aminobutyric acid increased the level of phytohormones in Citrus sinensis. PLANTA 2018; 248:909-918. [PMID: 29961199 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we showed that exogenous GABA supplementation increases the endogenous GABA level, several amino acids, and phytohormones in citrus plants, suggesting that GABA works in harmony with phytohormones. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a key role in cytosolic regulation of pH, controlling of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. Although it is well-known that GABA is implicated in plant defense and it could act as a signaling molecule, its effect on phytohormones is not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous GABA on citrus phytohormones using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A significant increase in endogenous GABA was observed in GABA-treated plants. The highest increase in GABA was recorded in plants treated with 10 mM 7 days post-treatment. In addition, we observed a moderate increase in several amino acids including glycine, L-alanine, L-proline, L-asparagine, and L-glutamine. The levels of benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, salicylic acid, trans-jasmonic acid, indole acetic acid, indole propionic acid, and abscisic acid were significantly increased in GABA-treated plants compared to the control. The gene expression showed that GABA transaminase (GABA-T) and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) were induced in GABA-treated plants, indicating a conversion of GABA to succinate. In addition, the gene expression of the regulatory enzymes of the TCA cycle (malate dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase) was upregulated in GABA-treated plants, indicating an induction of respiration. In agreement with the chemical analysis, the gene expression results showed that most of the genes implicated in the biosynthesis of phytohormones were also upregulated in GABA-treated plants. Our results indicated that GABA works in harmony with phytohormones and suggested that regulation of phytohormones by exogenous GABA could play a key role in reducing plant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraj Hijaz
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Yasser Nehela
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA.
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Killiny N, Jones SE, Nehela Y, Hijaz F, Dutt M, Gmitter FG, Grosser JW. All roads lead to Rome: Towards understanding different avenues of tolerance to huanglongbing in citrus cultivars. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 129:1-10. [PMID: 29783096 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Citrus tolerance to huanglongbing could result from tolerance to the pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and/or to its vector Diaphorina citri. Field observations and greenhouse-controlled studies showed that some citrus cultivars were more tolerant than others. However, the mechanism(s) behind the tolerance has not been determined yet. Using GC-MS, we investigated the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the non-volatile metabolite profiles of two tolerant citrus cultivars- Australian finger lime, 'LB8-9' Sugar Belle® mandarin hybrid, and a recently released mandarin hybrid 'Bingo'. The three were grafted onto the rootstock, Carrizo citrange. Our findings showed that the metabolomic profiles of Australian finger lime were different from that of 'LB8-9'. Finger lime was high in many amino acids and tricarboxylic acid intermediates, whereas 'LB8-9' was high in several amino acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols. 'LB8-9' was high in thymol, which is known for its strong antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic bacteria. The metabolomic profiles of 'Bingo' were intensely different from the other mandarin hybrid, 'LB8-9', including a reduced thymol biosynthetic pathway and low amounts of most of the amino acids and sugar alcohols. Remarkably, 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) was only detected in 'Bingo', indicating that eucalyptol could have feeding and ovipositional repellency against D. citri. The metabolite profiles generated for HLB-tolerant citrus species will improve the ability of citrus breeders and will allow them to take more informed decisions. Metabolomic profiling of HLB-tolerant citrus species could identify tolerance specific markers that can be introduced to other commercial citrus cultivars to improve their tolerance to HLB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA.
| | - Shelley E Jones
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Yasser Nehela
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Faraj Hijaz
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Manjul Dutt
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Frederick G Gmitter
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
| | - Jude W Grosser
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
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Zhang M, Liu M, Pan S, Pan C, Li Y, Tian J. Perillaldehyde Controls Postharvest Black Rot Caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata in Sweet Potatoes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1102. [PMID: 29887857 PMCID: PMC5981177 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Black rot caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata is the most damaging postharvest disease among sweet potatoes. Black rot can be controlled by synthetic fungicides, but these synthetic fungicides also have several negative effects. Perillaldehyde (PAE), a major component of the herb perilla, is an effective and eco-friendly method of controlling this disease. The antifungal activity of PAE on the mycelial growth in C. fimbriata was evaluated in vitro. Sweet potatoes at the postharvest stage were surfaced-disinfected with 75% ethanol. Artificially created wounds were inoculated with a C. fimbriata cell suspension, and then, the PAE was spontaneously volatilized inside the residual airspace of the containers at 28°C. Samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 days from each group, and the tissues around the wounds of the sweet potatoes were collected using a sterilized knife and then homogenized to determine their defense-related enzyme activity and quality parameters. In vitro assays showed that the mycelial growth of C. fimbriata was inhibited by PAE in a dose-dependent manner. An in vivo test demonstrated that 25, 50, and 100 μl/l PAE doses, when applied to sweet potatoes inoculated with C. fimbriata, could remarkable lower lesion diameter as compared to the control. Even though the storage time was prolonged, PAE vapor treatment still drastically inhibited sweet potato decay during storage at 28°C. These PAE vapor treatments also enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). These treatments remarkably decreased weight loss rates and had minor effects on other fruit quality parameters, such as anthocyanin content and vitamin C content. In our study, the results suggested that the effects of PAE on postharvest sweet potatoes may be attributed to the maintenance of enzymatic activity and fruit quality. In sum, PAE may be a promising approach to controlling C. fimbriata in sweet potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Man Liu
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shenyuan Pan
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chao Pan
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jun Tian
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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