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Langer S, Weschler CJ, Bekö G, Morrison G, Sjöblom A, Giovanoulis G, Wargocki P, Wang N, Zannoni N, Yang S, Williams J. Squalene Depletion in Skin Following Human Exposure to Ozone under Controlled Chamber Conditions. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:6693-6703. [PMID: 38577981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
A major component of human skin oil is squalene, a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon that protects the skin from atmospheric oxidants. Skin oil, and thus squalene, is continuously replenished on the skin surface. Squalene is also quickly consumed through reactions with ozone and other oxidants. This study examined the extent of squalene depletion in the skin oils of the forearm of human volunteers after exposure to ozone in a climate chamber. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), skin coverage by clothing, and participants' age were varied in a controlled manner. Concentrations of squalene were determined in skin wipe samples collected before and after ozone exposure. Exposures to ozone resulted in statistically significant decreases in post-exposure squalene concentrations compared to pre-exposure squalene concentrations in the skin wipes when squalene concentrations were normalized by concentrations of co-occurring cholesterol but not by co-occurring pyroglutamic acid (PGA). The rate of squalene loss due to ozonolysis was lower than its replenishment on the skin surface. Within the ranges examined, temperature and RH did not significantly affect the difference between normalized squalene levels in post-samples versus pre-samples. Although not statistically significant, skin coverage and age of the volunteers (three young adults, three seniors, and three teenagers) did appear to impact squalene depletion on the skin surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Langer
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Environmental Chemistry, 40014 Göteborg, Sweden
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division Building Services Engineering, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Charles J Weschler
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gabriel Bekö
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- Healthy and Sustainable Built Environment Research Centre, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346 Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Glenn Morrison
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7431, United States
| | - Ann Sjöblom
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Environmental Chemistry, 40014 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Georgios Giovanoulis
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Environmental Chemistry, 40014 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Pawel Wargocki
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nijing Wang
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nora Zannoni
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shen Yang
- Human-Oriented Built Environment Lab, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Wu W, Chen Q, Cao J, Fu J, Zhang Z, Chen L, Rui D, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Song B. Chirality-Induced Crystallization and Defect Passivation of Perovskites: Toward High-Performance Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:16340-16350. [PMID: 38511525 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
As an additive for perovskites, in addition to functional groups, the steric configuration of molecules is worthy of consideration because it influences perovskite crystallization, thus determining whether defect passivation is effective without any side effects. In this work, the chiral molecules l- and d-pyroglutamic acid (l-PA and d-PA) were chosen as additives for perovskite passivators to reveal the reasons for the differences in passivation between amino acids with different steric configurations. Functional groups, such as the C═O groups and N-H groups of l-PA and d-PA, can passivate the perovskite defects. However, l-PA exhibited a more distorted steric configuration, while d-PA was more planar, leading to differences in the distances between the two C═O groups. Taking the Pb-Pb bond length as a reference, the shorter distance between the two C═O groups of l-PA distorts the perovskite lattice structure, which results in poor device stability. Conversely, the similar distance between the two C═O groups of d-PA promoted the preferred orientational growth of the perovskite. Finally, the d-PA-doped device accomplished an excellent efficiency of 24.11% with an improved open-circuit voltage of 1.17 V. Furthermore, the efficiency of the unencapsulated d-PA-doped device was maintained at 93% in N2 for more than 3000 h and 74% after 500 h of operation at maximum power point tracking under continuous illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoyun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ji Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jianfei Fu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zelong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dong Rui
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Material Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Bo Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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Krasnov VP, Nizova IA, Vigorov AY, Matveeva TV, Levit GL, Kodess MI, Ezhikova MA, Slepukhin PA, Bakulin DA, Tyurenkov IN, Charushin VN. Synthesis and Assessment of Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Activity of 4-Amino-Substituted 5-Oxoproline Amides and Peptides. Molecules 2023; 28:7401. [PMID: 37959820 PMCID: PMC10648734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism is a serious problem because it significantly increases the risk of developing vascular complications in elderly patients with obesity or immobilization, cancer, and many other diseases. Thus, there is a need to study new therapeutic strategies, including new medicinal agents for the efficient and safe correction of thrombus disorders. In this work, we have synthesized a number of new amides and peptides of 4-amino-5-oxoprolines and studied their antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity in experiments in vitro and in vivo. It has been found that the newly obtained compounds slow down the process of thrombus formation in a model of arterial and venous thrombosis, without affecting plasma hemostasis parameters. (2S,4S)-4-Amino-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxoprolyl-(S)-phenylalanine proved to be the most efficient among the studied derivatives. The results obtained indicate the advisability of further studies on 5-oxoproline derivatives in order to design pharmaceutical agents for the prevention and treatment of the consequences of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor P. Krasnov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (I.A.N.); (A.Y.V.); (T.V.M.); (G.L.L.); (M.I.K.); (M.A.E.); (P.A.S.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Irina A. Nizova
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (I.A.N.); (A.Y.V.); (T.V.M.); (G.L.L.); (M.I.K.); (M.A.E.); (P.A.S.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Alexey Yu. Vigorov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (I.A.N.); (A.Y.V.); (T.V.M.); (G.L.L.); (M.I.K.); (M.A.E.); (P.A.S.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Tatyana V. Matveeva
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (I.A.N.); (A.Y.V.); (T.V.M.); (G.L.L.); (M.I.K.); (M.A.E.); (P.A.S.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Galina L. Levit
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (I.A.N.); (A.Y.V.); (T.V.M.); (G.L.L.); (M.I.K.); (M.A.E.); (P.A.S.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Mikhail I. Kodess
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (I.A.N.); (A.Y.V.); (T.V.M.); (G.L.L.); (M.I.K.); (M.A.E.); (P.A.S.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Marina A. Ezhikova
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (I.A.N.); (A.Y.V.); (T.V.M.); (G.L.L.); (M.I.K.); (M.A.E.); (P.A.S.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Pavel A. Slepukhin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (I.A.N.); (A.Y.V.); (T.V.M.); (G.L.L.); (M.I.K.); (M.A.E.); (P.A.S.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Dmitry A. Bakulin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Cardiovascular Agents, Scientific Center for Innovative Medicines, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd 400131, Russia; (D.A.B.); (I.N.T.)
| | - Ivan N. Tyurenkov
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Cardiovascular Agents, Scientific Center for Innovative Medicines, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd 400131, Russia; (D.A.B.); (I.N.T.)
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (I.A.N.); (A.Y.V.); (T.V.M.); (G.L.L.); (M.I.K.); (M.A.E.); (P.A.S.); (V.N.C.)
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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Kolli SK, Molina-Cruz A, Araki T, Geurten FJA, Ramesar J, Chevalley-Maurel S, Kroeze HJ, Bezemer S, de Korne C, Withers R, Raytselis N, El Hebieshy AF, Kim RQ, Child MA, Kakuta S, Hisaeda H, Kobayashi H, Annoura T, Hensbergen PJ, Franke-Fayard BM, Barillas-Mury C, Scheeren FA, Janse CJ. Malaria parasite evades mosquito immunity by glutaminyl cyclase-mediated posttranslational protein modification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209729119. [PMID: 35994647 PMCID: PMC9436314 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209729119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutaminyl cyclase (QC) modifies N-terminal glutamine or glutamic acid residues of target proteins into cyclic pyroglutamic acid (pGlu). Here, we report the biochemical and functional analysis of Plasmodium QC. We show that sporozoites of QC-null mutants of rodent and human malaria parasites are recognized by the mosquito immune system and melanized when they reach the hemocoel. Detailed analyses of rodent malaria QC-null mutants showed that sporozoite numbers in salivary glands are reduced in mosquitoes infected with QC-null or QC catalytically dead mutants. This phenotype can be rescued by genetic complementation or by disrupting mosquito melanization or phagocytosis by hemocytes. Mutation of a single QC-target glutamine of the major sporozoite surface protein (circumsporozoite protein; CSP) of the rodent parasite Plasmodium berghei also results in melanization of sporozoites. These findings indicate that QC-mediated posttranslational modification of surface proteins underlies evasion of killing of sporozoites by the mosquito immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Kumar Kolli
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Alvaro Molina-Cruz
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20852
| | - Tamasa Araki
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Fiona J. A. Geurten
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Ramesar
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Severine Chevalley-Maurel
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J. Kroeze
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Sascha Bezemer
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Clarize de Korne
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Roxanne Withers
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20852
| | - Nadia Raytselis
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20852
| | - Angela F. El Hebieshy
- Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Q. Kim
- Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew A. Child
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hajime Hisaeda
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjukuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takeshi Annoura
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Paul J. Hensbergen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Blandine M. Franke-Fayard
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Barillas-Mury
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20852
| | - Ferenc A. Scheeren
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J. Janse
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
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Fenves AZ, Emmett M. Approach to Patients With High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis: Core Curriculum 2021. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 78:590-600. [PMID: 34400023 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.02.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The anion gap (AG) is a mathematical construct that compares the blood sodium concentration with the sum of the chloride and bicarbonate concentrations. It is a helpful calculation that divides the metabolic acidoses into 2 categories: high AG metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis-and thereby delimits the potential etiologies of the disorder. When the [AG] is compared with changes in the bicarbonate concentration, other occult acid-base disorders can be identified. Furthermore, finding that the AG is very small or negative can suggest several occult clinical disorders or raise the possibility of electrolyte measurement artifacts. In this installment of AJKD's Core Curriculum in Nephrology, we discuss cases that represent several very common and several rare causes of HAGMA. These case scenarios highlight how the AG can provide vital clues that direct the clinician toward the correct diagnosis. We also show how to calculate and, if necessary, correct the AG for hypoalbuminemia and severe hyperglycemia. Plasma osmolality and osmolal gap calculations are described and when used together with the AG guide appropriate clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z Fenves
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Emmett
- Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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Šudomová M, Hassan STS, Khan H, Rasekhian M, Nabavi SM. A Multi-Biochemical and In Silico Study on Anti-Enzymatic Actions of Pyroglutamic Acid against PDE-5, ACE, and Urease Using Various Analytical Techniques: Unexplored Pharmacological Properties and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E392. [PMID: 31438631 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, pyroglutamic acid (pGlu), a natural amino acid derivative, has efficiently inhibited the catalytic activities of three important enzymes, namely: Human recombinant phosphodiesterase-5A1 (PDE5A1), human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and urease. These enzymes were reported to be associated with several important clinical conditions in humans. Radioactivity-based assay, spectrophotometric-based assay, and an Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry-based method were employed to ascertain the inhibitory actions of pGlu against PDE5A1, ACE, and urease, respectively. The results unveiled that pGlu potently suppressed the activity of PDE5A1 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration; IC50 = 5.23 µM) compared with that of standard drug sildenafil citrate (IC50 = 7.14 µM). Moreover, pGlu at a concentration of 20 µg/mL was found to efficiently inhibit human ACE with 98.2% inhibition compared with that of standard captopril (99.6%; 20 µg/mL). The urease-catalyzed reaction was also remarkably inactivated by pGlu and standard acetohydroxamic acid with IC50 values of 1.8 and 3.9 µM, respectively. Remarkably, the outcome of in vitro cytotoxicity assay did not reveal any significant cytotoxic properties of pGlu against human cervical carcinoma cells and normal human fetal lung fibroblast cells. In addition to in vitro assays, molecular docking analyses were performed to corroborate the outcomes of in vitro results with predicted structure-activity relationships. In conclusion, pGlu could be presented as a natural and multifunctional agent with promising applications in the treatment of some ailments connected with the above-mentioned anti-enzymatic properties.
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Abstract
Introduction: Several reports describe high anion gap metabolic acidosis with 5-oxoproline (5-OP) after acetaminophen exposure, including therapeutic use of acetaminophen. The mechanism may involve disordered glutathione metabolism. It is unknown whether acute acetaminophen overdose consistently causes elevations in 5-oxoproline concentration.Methods: We enrolled 23 consecutive adult and adolescent patients with measureable plasma APAP after acute APAP overdose. We used plasma left over in the laboratory after blood tests obtained in clinical care of the patients. We measured plasma [5-OP] by GC/MS. We compared the [5-OP] to laboratory results obtained in the care of these patients to search for correlations. The study had IRB approval.Results: Eighteen patients had non-detectable or normal (<100 μmol/L) 5-oxoproline concentrations. Six more patients had concentrations between 100 μmol/L and 300 μmol/L. There was no significant correlation of 5-OP with APAP, AST, ALT, creatinine, anion gap, INR, or total bilirubin.Discussion: Limitations of the study include small sample size and treatment with IV N-acetylcysteine for all patients with APAP concentrations above the 150 line of the Rumack Matthew nomogram or with hepatotoxicity. We believe that inherited enzyme deficiencies more likely explain cases of 5-oxoprolinemia.Conclusion: Acetaminophen overdose generally results in normal 5-oxoproline concentrations with some patients having slightly elevated 5-oxoproline concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Mullins
- Section of Medical Toxicology, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary S Jones
- Section of Medical Toxicology, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert D Nerenz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Evan S Schwarz
- Section of Medical Toxicology, Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dennis J Dietzen
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Suganuma S, Otani A, Joka S, Asako H, Takagi R, Tsuji E, Katada N. One-Step Conversion of Glutamic Acid into 2-Pyrrolidone on a Supported Ru Catalyst in a Hydrogen Atmosphere: Remarkable Effect of CO Activation. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:1381-1389. [PMID: 30698350 PMCID: PMC7155029 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glutamic acid, an abundant nonessential amino acid, was converted into 2-pyrrolidone in the presence of a supported Ru catalyst under a pressurized hydrogen atmosphere. This reaction pathway proceeded through the dehydration of glutamic acid into pyroglutamic acid, subsequent hydrogenation, and the dehydrogenation-decarbonylation of pyroglutaminol into 2-pyrrolidone. In the conversion of pyroglutaminol, Ru/Al2 O3 exhibited notably higher activity than supported Pt, Pd, and Rh catalysts. IR analysis revealed that Ru can hydrogenate the formed CO through dehydrogenation-decarbonylation of hydroxymethyl groups in pyroglutaminol and can also easily desorb CH4 from the active sites on Ru. Furthermore, Ru/Al2 O3 showed the highest catalytic activity among the tested catalysts in the conversion of pyroglutamic acid. Consequently, the conversion of glutamic acid produced a high yield of 2-pyrrolidone by using the supported Ru catalyst. This is the first report of this one-pot reaction under mild reaction conditions (433 K, 2 MPa H2 )" which avoids the degradation of unstable amino acids above 473 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Suganuma
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable ChemistryTottori University4-101 Koyama-cho MinamiTottori680-8552Japan
| | - Akihiro Otani
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable ChemistryTottori University4-101 Koyama-cho MinamiTottori680-8552Japan
| | - Shota Joka
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable ChemistryTottori University4-101 Koyama-cho MinamiTottori680-8552Japan
| | - Hiroki Asako
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable ChemistryTottori University4-101 Koyama-cho MinamiTottori680-8552Japan
| | - Rika Takagi
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable ChemistryTottori University4-101 Koyama-cho MinamiTottori680-8552Japan
| | - Etsushi Tsuji
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable ChemistryTottori University4-101 Koyama-cho MinamiTottori680-8552Japan
| | - Naonobu Katada
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable ChemistryTottori University4-101 Koyama-cho MinamiTottori680-8552Japan
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Mejri S, Siah A, Abuhaie CM, Halama P, Magnin-Robert M, Randoux B, Reignault P, Rigo B, Ghinet A. New salicylic acid and pyroglutamic acid conjugated derivatives confer protection to bread wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:1780-1786. [PMID: 30226928 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To promote sustainable agriculture and healthy food, research that contributes towards a new generation of eco-friendly phytosanitary compounds is increasingly encouraged. The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) is known for its ability to induce resistance in plants against a wide range of pathogens, whereas pyroglutamic acid (PGA), a constrained analogue of γ-aminobutyric acid, has never been studied in the context of plant protection. RESULTS The present study investigated for the first time the protection efficacy of SA and PGA and five new conjugated derivatives against Zymoseptoria tritici, the main pathogen in wheat crops. SA and four derivatives showed significant disease severity reductions in planta (up to 49%). In vitro assays revealed that some molecules, including SA, displayed a small direct antifungal activity, whereas others, such as PGA, showed no effect. This finding suggests that, especially for molecules without any direct activity, the mode of action relies mainly on the induction of plant resistance. CONCLUSION Further investigations are needed to identify the defence pathways involved in plant resistance mechanisms elicited or primed by the molecules. The manufacture of these products was easily achieved on a scale of tens of grams of raw materials, and is easily scalable. The synthetic pathway is simple, short and inexpensive. For all of these reasons, the production of the target molecules is attractive for producers, whereas the prospect of a generation of non-polluting compounds with lasting efficiency against Z. tritici in wheat comes at a key moment for the sustainability of agriculture. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Mejri
- Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture (ISA), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | - Ali Siah
- Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture (ISA), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | - Cristina-Maria Abuhaie
- Inserm U995, LIRIC, Université de Lille, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de médecine - Pôle recherche, Lille, France
- Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, UCLille, Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Lille, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, 'Al. I. Cuza' University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Patrice Halama
- Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture (ISA), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, EA 7394-ICV Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | - Maryline Magnin-Robert
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UCEIV-EA 4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, Calais, France
| | - Béatrice Randoux
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UCEIV-EA 4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, Calais, France
| | - Philippe Reignault
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UCEIV-EA 4492, Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, Calais, France
| | - Benoît Rigo
- Inserm U995, LIRIC, Université de Lille, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de médecine - Pôle recherche, Lille, France
- Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, UCLille, Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Lille, France
| | - Alina Ghinet
- Inserm U995, LIRIC, Université de Lille, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de médecine - Pôle recherche, Lille, France
- Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI), Yncréa Hauts-de-France, UCLille, Laboratoire de chimie durable et santé, Lille, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, 'Al. I. Cuza' University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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10
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Michno W, Nyström S, Wehrli P, Lashley T, Brinkmalm G, Guerard L, Syvänen S, Sehlin D, Kaya I, Brinet D, Nilsson KPR, Hammarström P, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Hanrieder J. Pyroglutamation of amyloid-βx-42 (Aβx-42) followed by Aβ1-40 deposition underlies plaque polymorphism in progressing Alzheimer's disease pathology. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6719-6732. [PMID: 30814252 PMCID: PMC6497931 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the formation of polymorphic deposits comprising diffuse and cored plaques. Because diffuse plaques are predominantly observed in cognitively unaffected, amyloid-positive (CU-AP) individuals, pathogenic conversion into cored plaques appears to be critical to AD pathogenesis. Herein, we identified the distinct Aβ species associated with amyloid polymorphism in brain tissue from individuals with sporadic AD (s-AD) and CU-AP. To this end, we interrogated Aβ polymorphism with amyloid conformation–sensitive dyes and a novel in situ MS paradigm for chemical characterization of hyperspectrally delineated plaque morphotypes. We found that maturation of diffuse into cored plaques correlated with increased Aβ1–40 deposition. Using spatial in situ delineation with imaging MS (IMS), we show that Aβ1–40 aggregates at the core structure of mature plaques, whereas Aβ1–42 localizes to diffuse amyloid aggregates. Moreover, we observed that diffuse plaques have increased pyroglutamated Aβx-42 levels in s-AD but not CU-AP, suggesting an AD pathology–related, hydrophobic functionalization of diffuse plaques facilitating Aβ1–40 deposition. Experiments in tgAPPSwe mice verified that, similar to what has been observed in human brain pathology, diffuse deposits display higher levels of Aβ1–42 and that Aβ plaque maturation over time is associated with increases in Aβ1–40. Finally, we found that Aβ1–40 deposition is characteristic for cerebral amyloid angiopathy deposition and maturation in both humans and mice. These results indicate that N-terminal Aβx-42 pyroglutamation and Aβ1–40 deposition are critical events in priming and maturation of pathogenic Aβ from diffuse into cored plaques, underlying neurotoxic plaque development in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Michno
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sofie Nyström
- the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Patrick Wehrli
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- the Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Laurent Guerard
- the Center for Cellular Imaging, Core Facilities, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Sehlin
- the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ibrahim Kaya
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Dimitri Brinet
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Hammarström
- the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden.,the Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden.,the Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom.,the Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden.,the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, and
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden, .,the Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
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11
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Montenegro L, Panico AM, Santagati LM, Siciliano EA, Intagliata S, Modica MN. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loading Idebenone Ester with Pyroglutamic Acid: In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and In Vivo Topical Efficacy. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 9:nano9010043. [PMID: 30597985 PMCID: PMC6359231 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Idebenone (IDE), a strong antioxidant widely investigated for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and skin disorders, shows low oral and topical bioavailability due to its unfavorable physico-chemical properties. In this work, to improve IDE topical effectiveness, we explored a two-steps approach: (1) we synthesized an IDE ester (IDEPCA) with pyroglutamic acid, a molecule whose hydrating effects are well known; (2) we loaded IDEPCA into solid lipid nanocarriers (SLN). We evaluated in vitro antioxidant and anti-glycation activity and in vivo hydrating effects after topical application in human volunteers from gel vehicles of IDEPCA SLN in comparison to IDE SLN. All SLN showed good technological properties (mean particle size < 25 nm, polydispersity index < 0.300, good stability). The oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay showed that IDEPCA SLN and IDE SLN had similar antioxidant activity while IDEPCA SLN were more effective in the in vitro NO scavenging assay. Both IDEPCA and IDE SLN showed the same effectiveness in inhibiting the formation of advanced glycation end products. In vivo experiments pointed out a better hydrating effect of IDEPCA SLN in comparison to IDE SLN. These results suggest that the investigated approach could be a promising strategy to obtain topical formulations with increased hydrating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Montenegro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Panico
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | | | | | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Maria N Modica
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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12
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Yang BY, Bi XY, Liu Y, Li GY, Yin X, Kuang HX. Four New Glycosides from the Rhizoma of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Molecules 2017; 22:E1995. [PMID: 29165329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new compounds, aneglycoside A-C (1-3) and timosaponin U (4), were isolated from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Their structures were determined through extensive spectroscopic analysis, chemical characteristics, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). All the isolations were evaluated for cytotoxicity against HepG2, Hela, and SGC7901 human cancer lines. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 showed weak antiproliferative activities on HepG2, Hela, and SGC7901 cells.
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13
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Inoue S, Okita Y, de Toledo A, Miyazaki H, Hirano E, Morinaga T. Pyroglutamic acid stimulates DNA synthesis in rat primary hepatocytes through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 79:795-8. [PMID: 25495055 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.991689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We purified pyroglutamic acid from human placental extract and identified it as a potent stimulator of rat primary hepatocyte DNA synthesis. Pyroglutamic acid dose-dependently stimulated DNA synthesis, and this effect was inhibited by PD98059, a dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1) inhibitor. Therefore, pyroglutamic acid stimulated DNA synthesis in rat primary hepatocytes via MAPK signaling.
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14
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de Castro A, Sánchez AH, Beato VM, Casado FJ, Montaño A. Stability of monosodium glutamate in green table olives and pickled cucumbers as a function of packing conditions and storage time. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1158-64. [PMID: 24720705 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.913320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different packing conditions and storage times on the stability of monosodium glutamate (MSG) added to two different fermented vegetables (Spanish-type green table olives and pickled cucumbers) were studied. Factors such as packaging material (glass bottle versus plastic pouch), heat treatment (pasteurisation versus non-pasteurisation), and the presence or not of a preservative compound (potassium sorbate) were considered. The MSG content of pickled cucumbers was stable for up to 1 year of storage in all packing conditions studied. The MSG content also remained stable in pasteurised green table olives. On the contrary, MSG was extensively degraded (>75% degradation) after 54 weeks of storage in unpasteurised green olives with a higher degradation rate in glass bottles compared with plastic pouches. In the presence of potassium sorbate, MSG was also considerably degraded in olives packed in plastic pouches (>50% degradation), but hardly degraded in glass bottles. The results indicate that MSG degradation in olives is due to the action of both lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, with the formation of γ-aminobutyric acid as the major end-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio de Castro
- a Food Biotechnology Department , Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.) , Seville , Spain
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15
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Calpena E, Casado M, Martínez-Rubio D, Nascimento A, Colomer J, Gargallo E, García-Cazorla A, Palau F, Artuch R, Espinós C. 5-Oxoprolinuria in Heterozygous Patients for 5-Oxoprolinase (OPLAH) Missense Changes. JIMD Rep 2013; 7:123-8. [PMID: 23430506 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2012_166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The inherited 5-oxoprolinuria is primarily suggestive of genetic defects in two enzymes belonging to the gamma-glutamyl cycle in the glutathione (GSH) metabolism: the glutathione synthetase (GSS) and the 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH). The GSS deficiency is the best characterized of the inborn errors of GSH metabolism, whereas the OPLAH deficiency is questioned whether it is a disorder or just a biochemical condition with no adverse clinical effects. Recently, the first human OPLAH mutation (p.H870Pfs) was reported in homozygosis in two siblings who suffered from 5-oxoprolinuria with a benign clinical course. We report two unrelated patients who manifested massive excretion of 5-oxoproline in urine. In both probands, the blood GSH levels were normal and no mutations were found in the GSS gene. The mutational screening of the OPLAH gene, which included the codified sequences, the intronic flanking sequences, the promoter sequence, and a genetic analysis in order to detect large deletions and/or duplications, showed that each patient only harbors one missense mutation in heterozygosis. The in silico analyses revealed that each one of these OPLAH mutations, p.S323R and p.V1089I, could alter the proper function of this homodimeric enzyme. In addition, clinical symptoms manifest in these two probands were not related to GSH cycle defects and, therefore, this study provides further evidence that oxoprolinuria may present as epiphenomenon in several pathological conditions and confound the final diagnosis.
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16
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Van der Werf P, Orlowski M, Meister A. Enzymatic conversion of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-pyrrolidone carboxylate) to L-glutamate coupled with cleavage of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine diphosphate, a reaction in the -glutamyl cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:2982-5. [PMID: 5289242 PMCID: PMC389574 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.12.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A new enzyme, 5-oxoprolinase, was found in rat kidney and in several other tissues; it catalyzes the conversion of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-5-oxo-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid) to L-glutamic acid, with concomitant stoichiometric cleavage of ATP to ADP and orthophosphate. The reaction catalyzed by 5-oxoprolinase, in which 5-oxoproline formed from gamma-glutamyl amino acids by the action of gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase is converted to glutamate, appears to function in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. 5-Oxoprolinase requires Mg(++) (or Mn(++)) and K(+) (or NH(4) (+)) for activity. The equilibrium is markedly in favor of glutamate formation at pH 7.8.
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