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Michno W, Nyström S, Wehrli P, Lashley T, Brinkmalm G, Guerard L, Syvänen S, Sehlin D, Kaya I, Brinet D, Nilsson KPR, Hammarström P, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Hanrieder J. Pyroglutamation of amyloid-βx-42 (Aβx-42) followed by Aβ1-40 deposition underlies plaque polymorphism in progressing Alzheimer's disease pathology. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6719-6732. [PMID: 30814252 PMCID: PMC6497931 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the formation of polymorphic deposits comprising diffuse and cored plaques. Because diffuse plaques are predominantly observed in cognitively unaffected, amyloid-positive (CU-AP) individuals, pathogenic conversion into cored plaques appears to be critical to AD pathogenesis. Herein, we identified the distinct Aβ species associated with amyloid polymorphism in brain tissue from individuals with sporadic AD (s-AD) and CU-AP. To this end, we interrogated Aβ polymorphism with amyloid conformation–sensitive dyes and a novel in situ MS paradigm for chemical characterization of hyperspectrally delineated plaque morphotypes. We found that maturation of diffuse into cored plaques correlated with increased Aβ1–40 deposition. Using spatial in situ delineation with imaging MS (IMS), we show that Aβ1–40 aggregates at the core structure of mature plaques, whereas Aβ1–42 localizes to diffuse amyloid aggregates. Moreover, we observed that diffuse plaques have increased pyroglutamated Aβx-42 levels in s-AD but not CU-AP, suggesting an AD pathology–related, hydrophobic functionalization of diffuse plaques facilitating Aβ1–40 deposition. Experiments in tgAPPSwe mice verified that, similar to what has been observed in human brain pathology, diffuse deposits display higher levels of Aβ1–42 and that Aβ plaque maturation over time is associated with increases in Aβ1–40. Finally, we found that Aβ1–40 deposition is characteristic for cerebral amyloid angiopathy deposition and maturation in both humans and mice. These results indicate that N-terminal Aβx-42 pyroglutamation and Aβ1–40 deposition are critical events in priming and maturation of pathogenic Aβ from diffuse into cored plaques, underlying neurotoxic plaque development in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Michno
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sofie Nyström
- the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Patrick Wehrli
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- the Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Laurent Guerard
- the Center for Cellular Imaging, Core Facilities, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Sehlin
- the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ibrahim Kaya
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Dimitri Brinet
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Hammarström
- the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden.,the Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden.,the Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom.,the Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden.,the UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, and
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden, .,the Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
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