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Zhou M, Sun Y, Luo L, Pan H, Zhang Q, Yu C. Comparative metabolomic analysis reveals nutritional properties and pigmentation mechanism of tea-scented rosehips. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3392-3404. [PMID: 38105397 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fruits of the genus Rosa, commonly known as rosehips, have attracted significant attention owing to their rich content of various bioactive compounds. However, their utility is generally secondary to the ornamental appeal of their flowers. This study aimed to explore the quality differences among tea-scented rosehips found in Yunnan, China, including those of Rosa odorata var. odorata (RO), Rosa odorata var. gigantea (RG), and Rosa yangii (RY). Morphological characteristics, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of their fruits were evaluated. RESULTS The study revealed significant variability in composition and biological activities based on fruit color. RO exhibited the highest levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and vitamin C, with the strongest antioxidant activity (10.99 μmol Trolox·g-1 ), followed by RG (7.91 μmol Trolox·g-1 ) and RY (6.52 μmol Trolox·g-1 ). This supports RO's potential as a functional food source. Untargeted metabolomics identified and quantified 502 metabolites, with flavonoids (171) and phenolic acids (147) as the main metabolites. The differential metabolites among the fruits are primarily enriched for flavonoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Insights into color formation supported the role of anthocyanins, flavones, and flavonols in fruit color variation. CONCLUSION Tea-scented rosehips offer vibrant colors and high nutritional value with potent biological activities. Rosa odorata var. odorata stands out as a functional food source owing to its rich bioactive compounds. These findings lay the groundwork for utilizing rosehips in functional foods, health supplements, and food additives, emphasizing the practical and beneficial applications of Rosa spp. independent of their ornamental value. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Huitang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Yu M, Xiong J, Dong K, Quan X, Guo H, Huo J, Qin D, Wang Y, Lu X, Zhu C. AcMYB10 Involved in Anthocyanin Regulation of 'Hongyang' Kiwifruit Induced via Fruit Bagging and High-Postharvest-Temperature Treatments. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:97. [PMID: 38254986 PMCID: PMC10815172 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Light and temperature are key factors influencing the accumulation of anthocyanin in fruit crops. To assess the effects of fruit bagging during development and high post-ripening temperature on 'Hongyang' kiwifruit, we compared the pigmentation phenotypes and expression levels of anthocyanin-related genes between bagged and unbagged treatments, and between 25 °C and 37 °C postharvest storage temperatures. Both the bagging and 25 °C treatments showed better pigmentation phenotypes with higher anthocyanin concentrations. The results of the qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the gene expression levels of LDOX (leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase), F3GT (UDP-flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase ), AcMYB10, and AcbHLH42 were strongly correlated and upregulated by both the bagging treatment and 25 °C storage. The results of bimolecular fluorescence complementation and luciferase complementation imaging assays indicated an interaction between AcMYB10 and AcbHLH42 in plant cells, whereas the results of a yeast one-hybrid assay further demonstrated that AcMYB10 activated the promoters of AcLODX and AcF3GT. These results strongly suggest that enhanced anthocyanin synthesis is caused by the promoted expression of AcLODX and AcF3GT, regulated by the complex formed by AcMYB10-AcbHLH42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinyu Xiong
- College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kun Dong
- Horticulture Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xin Quan
- College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hao Guo
- College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Junwei Huo
- College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dong Qin
- College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanchang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuemei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chenqiao Zhu
- College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
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Habibi F, García-Pastor ME, Puente-Moreno J, Garrido-Auñón F, Serrano M, Valero D. Anthocyanin in blood oranges: a review on postharvest approaches for its enhancement and preservation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12089-12101. [PMID: 35822279 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanin concentration is considered an important fruit quality index of blood oranges and has gained popularity among consumers due to its antioxidant capacity, therapeutic properties, and prevention of some human diseases. Anthocyanin biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum by multi-enzymes complexes through the flavonoid pathway. Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and β-glucosidase (anthocyanase) are the enzymes responsible for anthocyanin degradation. Blood oranges are cold-dependent for anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation, and thus, the low temperature of storage can enhance anthocyanin concentration and improve internal fruit quality. In addition, anthocyanin accumulation can be accelerated by postharvest technologies, either physical treatments or chemical elicitors. However, low temperatures can induce chilling injury (CI) incidence in blood oranges. Postharvest chemical elicitors treatments can enhance anthocyanin accumulation and prevent CI. This review provides the most updated information about postharvest tools modulating the anthocyanin content, and the role of enhancing and preserving pigmentation to produce blood orange with the highest quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Habibi
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Jenifer Puente-Moreno
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Garrido-Auñón
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Liu F, Chen J, Sun Y, Ye X, Liu D, Cheng H. Ultrasound Treatment Improves Fruit Quality of Postharvest Blood Oranges ( Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck): Anthocyanin Enrichment and Its Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14013-14026. [PMID: 37681676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of different nonthermal treatments on quality attributes, anthocyanin profiles, and gene expressions related to anthocyanin biosynthesis during low-temperature storage, including pulsed light (PL), magnetic energy (ME), and ultrasound (US). Among these treatments, 1 min US treatment was the most effective method for improving fruit quality and increasing total anthocyanin contents (by 29.89 ± 3.32%) as well as individual anthocyanins during low-temperature storage of 28 days. This treatment resulted in high color intensity, intact cellular architectures, and positive sensory evaluation. In contrast, PL and ME treatments displayed negative effects on quality improvement, leading to the destruction of cell architectures and inhibiting anthocyanin levels. Furthermore, qPCR analysis revealed that the structural genes (C4H, CHS1, CHS2, CHI, F3H, ANS, and GST) related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport were the target genes and upregulated in response to the cavitation effect of US treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 31001, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Corrêa TAF, Tobaruela EDC, Capetini VC, Quintanilha BJ, Cortez RV, Taddei CR, Hassimotto NMA, Hoffmann C, Rogero MM, Lajolo FM. Blood orange juice intake changes specific bacteria of gut microbiota associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1199383. [PMID: 37469434 PMCID: PMC10352659 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1199383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood orange juice is an important source of flavanones and anthocyanins, mainly hesperidin, narirutin, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. The benefits of these bioactive compounds have been reported, but the mechanistic details behind their biological effects are not well established. This study investigated the effects of Moro orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) juice (MOJ) on gut microbiota composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers in overweight women. In this study, 12 overweight women (BMI from 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2), aged 18-37 years, consumed 500 mL of MOJ every day for 4 weeks. We assessed the gut microbiota composition, levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), cardiometabolic biomarkers, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at baseline and after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of MOJ intake. The results suggested that MOJ intake affected the abundance of specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the gut microbiota but did not significantly alter the diversity and general composition of the gut microbiota. However, MOJ intake increased the production of SCFAs, especially propionic and isobutyric acids, and significantly improved cardiometabolic biomarkers such as blood pressure and plasma VCAM-1 levels in the overweight women. Additionally, we observed significant associations between gut microbiota OTUs belonging to the Bacteroidetes phyla and Prevotella 9 genera and the cardiometabolic biomarkers. Furthermore, MOJ reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels and HOMA-IR values, thereby enhancing insulin sensitivity in the insulin-resistant overweight women. Finally, we highlighted the importance of orange juice intake duration because some beneficial changes such as blood pressure improvements were evident at the 2-week time interval of the intervention, but other changes became significant only at the 4-week interval of MOJ intake. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that changes in specific OTUs of the gut microbiota in response to MOJ intake were associated with significant improvements in some cardiometabolic biomarkers and SCFA levels in overweight women with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Angelina Faraldo Corrêa
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric de Castro Tobaruela
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cooper Capetini
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Jardim Quintanilha
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramon Vitor Cortez
- Department of Clinical Analyses and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla R. Taddei
- Department of Clinical Analyses and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Liu F, Chen J, Wang W, Wu D, Ye X, Liu D, Cheng H. The potential of different ripeness of blood oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) for sale in advance after low-temperature storage: Anthocyanin enhancements, volatile compounds, and taste attributes. Food Chem 2023; 417:135934. [PMID: 36940512 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
To explore the optimal early harvest time similar to the ripe fruit qualities, the effects of storage temperatures on maturity indexes, weight losses, colour parameters, anthocyanin profiles, volatile and taste components of blood oranges at six different maturity levels were investigated. Total anthocyanin contents of cold-treated fruits increased to or exceed that of ripe fruits (0.24 ± 0.12 mg/100 g), and fruits harvested from 260 d and 280 d after anthesis shared similar individual anthocyanin profiles to ripe fruits during storage at 8 °C for 30 d and 20 d (III-30 d and IV-20 d groups), respectively. Moreover, comparative analyses of e-nose and e-tongue demonstrated the distances of volatile components and scores of taste attributes including sourness, saltiness, bitterness, sweetness, and umami in III-30 d and IV-20 d groups were close to that of ripe fruits, indicating that the fruits could be sold about 20 to 30 d ahead of the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China; Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China; Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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Ji XL, Zhang M, Wang D, Li Z, Lang S, Song XS. Genome-wide identification of WD40 superfamily in Cerasus humilis and functional characteristics of ChTTG1. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:376-388. [PMID: 36402390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The WD40 superfamily plays an important role in a wide range of developmental and physiological processes. It is a large gene family in eukaryotes. Unfortunately, the research on the WD40 superfamily genes in Cerasus humilis has not been reported. 198 ChWD40s were identified and analyzed in the present study, along with evolutionary relationships, gene structure, chromosome distribution, and collinearity. Then, 5 pairs of tandem duplication and 17 pairs of segmental duplication were found. Based on RNA-Seq data analysis, we screened 31 candidate genes whose expression was up-regulated during the four developmental stages of fruit peel. In addition, we also demonstrated that ChWD40-140, namely ChTTG1, located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cytomembrane, has transcriptional activation activity and can form homodimers. ChTTG1 is involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis through heterologous overexpression in Arabidopsis. These research results provide a reference for a comprehensive analysis of the functions of WD40 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Long Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shaoyu Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xing Shun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Zhao R, Chen J, Yu S, Niu R, Yang Z, Wang H, Cheng H, Ye X, Liu D, Wang W. Active chitosan/gum Arabic-based emulsion films reinforced with thyme oil encapsulating blood orange anthocyanins: Improving multi-functionality. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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9
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Salonia F, Ciacciulli A, Pappalardo HD, Poles L, Pindo M, Larger S, Caruso P, Caruso M, Licciardello C. A dual sgRNA-directed CRISPR/Cas9 construct for editing the fruit-specific β-cyclase 2 gene in pigmented citrus fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:975917. [PMID: 36582639 PMCID: PMC9792771 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a modern biotechnological approach used to improve plant varieties, modifying only one or a few traits of a specific variety. However, this technology cannot be easily used to improve fruit quality traits in citrus, due to the lack of knowledge of key genes, long juvenile stage, and the difficulty regenerating whole plants of specific varieties. Here, we introduce a genome editing approach with the aim of producing citrus plantlets whose fruits contain both lycopene and anthocyanins. Our method employs a dual single guide RNA (sgRNA)-directed genome editing approach to knockout the fruit-specific β-cyclase 2 gene, responsible for the conversion of lycopene to beta-carotene. The gene is targeted by two sgRNAs simultaneously to create a large deletion, as well as to induce point mutations in both sgRNA targets. The EHA105 strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to transform five different anthocyanin-pigmented sweet oranges, belonging to the Tarocco and Sanguigno varietal groups, and 'Carrizo' citrange, a citrus rootstock as a model for citrus transformation. Among 58 plantlets sequenced in the target region, 86% of them were successfully edited. The most frequent mutations were deletions (from -1 to -74 nucleotides) and insertions (+1 nucleotide). Moreover, a novel event was identified in six plantlets, consisting of the inversion of the region between the two sgRNAs. For 20 plantlets in which a single mutation occurred, we excluded chimeric events. Plantlets did not show an altered phenotype in vegetative tissues. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first example of the use of a genome editing approach to potentially improve qualitative traits of citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Salonia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angelo Ciacciulli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
| | - Helena Domenica Pappalardo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
| | - Lara Poles
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Research and Innovation Centre, Trento with S. Michele all’ Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Simone Larger
- Research and Innovation Centre, Trento with S. Michele all’ Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Paola Caruso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
| | - Marco Caruso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
| | - Concetta Licciardello
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
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10
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Ge X, Cao T, Yi L, Yao S, Zeng K, Deng L. Low and high storage temperature inhibited the coloration of mandarin fruit (Citrus unshiu Marc.) with different mechanism. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6930-6941. [PMID: 35674404 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peel color regulated by pigment metabolism is one of the most crucial indicators affecting the commodity values of citrus fruit. Storage temperature is a vital environmental factor that regulates the fruit pigmentation. RESULTS Results showed that the peel coloring process was significantly inhibited when mandarin fruit were stored at 5 and 32 °C with normal coloring at 25 °C as the control. However, the inhibitive mechanisms of 5 and 32 °C storage were different. At 5 °C, higher levels of CcNYC and CcCHL2 were detected, which indicated that 5 °C induces the circulation of chlorophyll rather than inhibits chlorophyll degradation. CcPSY2, CcCHYB, and CcZEP exhibited higher expression levels in fruit stored at 5 °C, which accelerated the accumulation of carotenoids. In fruit stored at 32 °C, CcNYC, CcPAO, and CcCHL2 exhibited lower expression levels than those fruit stored at 5 °C, and the expressions of CcPSY2, CcCHYB, and CcZEP were down regulated, implying the carotenoid synthesis was suppressed. CONCLUSION Storage at 5 °C inhibited the postharvest coloring of mandarin fruit mainly by activating the cycle of chlorophyll, although it promotes the accumulation of carotenoids at the same time, but chlorophyll covers the color of carotenoids. Storage at 32 °C inhibited mandarin fruit coloring mainly by inhibiting the degradation of chlorophyll. Compared with the change of individual chlorophyll or carotenoid content, the change of the ratio of chlorophyll and carotenoid had a more important role in the coloration of mandarin fruit. This research offers valuable details for understanding the effect of temperature on the coloring process of postharvest citrus fruit. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Ge
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tingting Cao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lanhua Yi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
- Food Storage and Logistics Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shixiang Yao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
- Food Storage and Logistics Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Kaifang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
- Food Storage and Logistics Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lili Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
- Food Storage and Logistics Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
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11
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Chen J, Liu F, Wu RA, Chen J, Wang W, Ye X, Liu D, Cheng H. An up-to-date review: differential biosynthesis mechanisms and enrichment methods for health-promoting anthocyanins of citrus fruits during processing and storage. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3989-4015. [PMID: 36322523 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2137778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, naturally found in citrus, play key roles in improving the qualities of citrus fruits and products. Dietary consumption of fruit-derived anthocyanins is concerned increasingly owing to health-promoting properties. However, anthocyanins are vulnerable to many physical and chemical factors during processing and storage, affecting fruit qualities and consumer acceptance. Thus, the aim of this review is to focus on main advances in chemical structures, differential biosynthesis mechanisms, enrichment methods, and bioactivities of anthocyanins in pigmented and unpigmented citrus fruits. In this review, anthocyanin species and concentrations display tissue specificity in citrus, and the chemical structures and contents of main anthocyanins are summarized. For differential biosynthesis mechanisms, the reasons why most citrus fruits lose the ability of anthocyanin biosynthesis compared with pigmented fruits, and the molecular differences of biosynthesis mechanisms in pigmented citrus fruits are both discussed in detail. Furthermore, anthocyanins' enrichment methods (low-temperature stimulus, light irradiation, xenobiotics inductions, and ripeness influence) during processing and storage have been summarized, which achieve quality improvement by promoting structural gene expression, reducing anthocyanin-degrading enzyme activities, or altering DNA methylation status. Meantime, the health benefits of extract from pigmented citrus and their waste are mentioned, which provides a new approach for citrus waste recycling. HIGHLIGHTSChemical structures of individual anthocyanins in citrus are reviewed.Differential anthocyanin biosynthesis in citrus depends on mutations of Ruby genes.Anthocyanins are enriched in response to exogenous stimulus during storage.Health benefits of extract in blood oranges and their waste are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ricardo Antonio Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, Ningbo, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, Ningbo, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, Ningbo, China
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12
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Zheng T, Lv J, Sadeghnezhad E, Cheng J, Jia H. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of strawberry during postharvest cooling and heat storage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1009747. [PMID: 36311118 PMCID: PMC9597325 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most important factors regarding fruit postharvest, however its effects in the strawberry fruits quality in postharvest remains to be evaluated. In this study, the effects of cold and heat storage temperature on fruit quality of 'Benihoppe' strawberry were performed. The results showed that different temperatures could affect the metabolism of hormone, anthocyanin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and transcription level of responsive factors. The synthesis of terpenoids, amino acids, and phenylpropanoids in strawberries were also changed under different temperatures, which finally changed the quality characteristics of the fruit. We found HSF20 (YZ1)-overexpressed fruits were sensitive to cold and heat conditions but CBF/NF-Y (YZ9)-overexpressed fruits promoted coloring under cold treatment. This study clarified the effect of postharvest cooling and heat treatments on quality and transcriptional mechanism of strawberries fruits. Moreover, these results provided an experimental basis for further research on improving the quality of strawberry berries during postharvest periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhua Lv
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhui Cheng
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Zhao S, Yuan X, Li Z, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Kang Z, Ma H. Inhibitory effects of pepper (
Zanthoxylum bungeanum
Maxim) leaf extract on lipid and protein oxidation during the processing of Chinese traditional dry‐cured meat (larou). Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology Henan Institute of Science and Technology No. 90 Hua lan Street Xinxiang 453003 China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center No. 90 Hua lan Street Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Xiaorui Yuan
- School of Food Science and Technology Henan Institute of Science and Technology No. 90 Hua lan Street Xinxiang 453003 China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center No. 90 Hua lan Street Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Zhao Li
- School of Food Science and Technology Henan Institute of Science and Technology No. 90 Hua lan Street Xinxiang 453003 China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center No. 90 Hua lan Street Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology Henan Institute of Science and Technology No. 90 Hua lan Street Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Haixu Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology Henan Institute of Science and Technology No. 90 Hua lan Street Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Zhuangli Kang
- School of Food Science and Technology Henan Institute of Science and Technology No. 90 Hua lan Street Xinxiang 453003 China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center No. 90 Hua lan Street Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Hanjun Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology Henan Institute of Science and Technology No. 90 Hua lan Street Xinxiang 453003 China
- National Pork Processing Technology Research and Development Professional Center No. 90 Hua lan Street Xinxiang 453003 China
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14
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Chen J, Liu F, Ismail BB, wang W, Xu E, Pan H, Ye X, Liu D, Cheng H. Effects of ethephon and low-temperature treatments on blood oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck): anthocyanin accumulation and volatile profile changes during storage. Food Chem 2022; 393:133381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Relation between Rind Pigmentation and Internal Quality of Blood Orange ‘Sanguinelli’: Physicochemical and Sensory Studies. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the relation between rind colour and the internal physicochemical and sensory qualities of ‘Sanguinelli’ blood oranges, one of the main blood orange cultivars grown in the Mediterranean region. To this end, 400 fruits were harvested in three different orchards and classified according to rind pigmentation intensity (slight, medium, intense, very intense). All fruits were individually evaluated by determining rind and pulp colour, total soluble solids, acidity, maturity index, juice yield, firmness, and size. Moreover, 71 consumers performed a triangle test to evaluate if fruit sensory properties depended on rind pigmentation. Our results revealed (for the first time) that pulp pigmentation and total soluble solid (TSS) content strongly depend on rind colouration. Among the fruit from the same orchard, the redder the pigmented fruit was (externally) the deeper the red pulp, and the higher the TSS became. This pattern was corroborated in the three orchards under study. Other characteristics, such as acidity, juice yield, firmness, and fruit size, did not depend on external pigmentation. Sensory studies showed that the more coloured the fruit, the higher the accumulated sugar content; consumers perceive these fruits as being sweeter than slightly pigmented ones. This information can be very useful for the citrus industry as external colour may become a quality index for blood oranges, as well as for consumers to make purchase decisions.
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16
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Transcriptome analysis reveals anthocyanin regulation in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) at low temperatures. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6308. [PMID: 35428824 PMCID: PMC9012755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese cabbage that prefers cold conditions is also affected by low-temperature stress, such as the accumulation of leaf anthocyanins. Research on anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation mechanisms has made great progress. However, research on anthocyanin accumulation for resistance to biological and non-biological stress is still lacking. To study the relationship between anthocyanin accumulation of Chinese cabbage and resistance under low-temperature conditions, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on Chinese cabbage ‘Xiao Baojian’ grown at a low temperature for four time periods and at a control temperature for five time periods. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, 7954 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched, of which 587 DEGs belonged to "biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites." Gene temporal expression patterns were used to discover enriched genes related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis; flavonoid biosynthesis and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways were found in cluster 1. The interaction networks were constructed, and hub genes were selected, showing that flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes (DFR, ANS, F3H, FLS1, CHS1, CHS3, and TT8) and defense mechanisms-related genes (DFR, SNL6, and TKPR1) interact with each other. Anthocyanin biosynthesis DEGs in Chinese cabbage were evaluated under low-temperature conditions to map the relevant pathways, and expression maps of transcription factors in the flavonoid pathway were created at various periods. Low temperature upregulated the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Taken together, our results provide further analysis of the relationship between plant anthocyanin synthesis and stress resistance and may also provide further insights for the future development of high-quality color and cold-tolerant Chinese cabbage germplasm resources.
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17
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Ornamental Flowers Grown in Human Surroundings as a Source of Anthocyanins with High Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070948. [PMID: 35407035 PMCID: PMC8997809 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowers have always accompanied people thanks to their manifold aesthetic properties. Some species have also become a component of the human diet. Recent years have seen an increased interest in edible flowers and, consequently, research has been undertaken to determine their chemical composition. Dyes that are abundantly contained in flowers, whose role is to attract pollinating animals, are recognized substances with health-promoting properties. Anthocyanins are a group of dyes that are very common in petals and other parts of flowers. Studies carried out in the twentieth and twenty-first century on flowers growing in temperate climates have found very strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of anthocyanins. Therefore, flowers used by humans for centuries to decorate their surroundings may become an easily available source of nutrients and health-promoting substances. This paper discusses the health-promoting properties of anthocyanins and collects literature on anthocyanin content in edible flowers commonly grown on balconies, terraces, and roofs in countries of temperate climate.
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18
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Influence of Climate Change on Metabolism and Biological Characteristics in Perennial Woody Fruit Crops in the Mediterranean Environment. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The changes in the state of the climate have a high impact on perennial fruit crops thus threatening food availability. Indeed, climatic factors affect several plant aspects, such as phenological stages, physiological processes, disease-pest frequency, yield, and qualitative composition of the plant tissues and derived products. To mitigate the effects of climatic parameters variability, plants implement several strategies of defense, by changing phenological trends, altering physiology, increasing carbon sequestration, and metabolites synthesis. This review was divided into two sections. The first provides data on climate change in the last years and a general consideration on their impact, mitigation, and resilience in the production of food crops. The second section reviews the consequences of climate change on the industry of two woody fruit crops models (evergreen and deciduous trees). The research focused on, citrus, olive, and loquat as evergreen trees examples; while grape, apple, pear, cherry, apricot, almond, peach, kiwi, fig, and persimmon as deciduous species. Perennial fruit crops originated by a complex of decisions valuable in a long period and involving economic and technical problems that farmers may quickly change in the case of annual crops. However, the low flexibility of woody crops is balanced by resilience in the long-life cycle.
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19
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Alquézar B, Bennici S, Carmona L, Gentile A, Peña L. Generation of Transfer-DNA-Free Base-Edited Citrus Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:835282. [PMID: 35371165 PMCID: PMC8965368 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.835282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To recover transgenic citrus plants in the most efficient manner, the use of selection marker genes is essential. In this work, it was shown that the mutated forms of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene in combination with the herbicide selection agent imazapyr (IMZ) added to the selection medium may be used to achieve this goal. This approach enables the development of cisgenic regenerants, namely, plants without the incorporation of those bacterial genes currently employed for transgenic selection, and additionally it allows the generation of edited, non-transgenic plants with altered endogenous ALS genes leading to IMZ resistance. In this work, the citrus mutants, in which ALS has been converted into IMZ-resistant forms using a base editor system, were recovered after cocultivation of the explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying a cytidine deaminase fused to nSpCas9 in the T-DNA and selecting regenerants in the culture medium supplemented with IMZ. Analysis of transgene-free plants indicated that the transient expression of the T-DNA genes was sufficient to induce ALS mutations and thus generate IMZ-resistant shoots at 11.7% frequency. To our knowledge, this is the first report of T-DNA-free edited citrus plants. Although further optimization is required to increase edition efficiency, this methodology will allow generating new citrus varieties with improved organoleptic/agronomic features without the need to use foreign genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Alquézar
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Pesquisa, and Desenvolvimento, Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Araraquara, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stefania Bennici
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Carmona
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Leandro Peña
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Pesquisa, and Desenvolvimento, Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Araraquara, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Carmona L, Sulli M, Diretto G, Alquézar B, Alves M, Peña L. Improvement of Antioxidant Properties in Fruit from Two Blood and Blond Orange Cultivars by Postharvest Storage at Low Temperature. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030547. [PMID: 35326197 PMCID: PMC8944625 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed the remarkable health-promoting activities of citrus fruits, all of them related to the accumulation of bioactive compounds, including vitamins and phytonutrients. Anthocyanins are characteristic flavonoids present in blood orange, which require low-temperature for their production. Storage at low-temperature of blood oranges has been proven to be a feasible postharvest strategy to increase anthocyanins in those countries with warm climates. To our knowledge, no studies comparing the effect of postharvest storage effect on phenylpropanoid accumulation in cultivars with and without anthocyanins production have been published. We have investigated the effect of postharvest cold storage in flavonoid accumulation in juice from Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck in two different oranges: Pera, a blond cultivar, and Moro, a blood one. Our findings indicate a different response to low-temperature of fruit from both cultivars at biochemical and molecular levels. Little changes were observed in Pera before and after storage, while a higher production of phenylpropanoids (3.3-fold higher) and flavonoids (1.4-fold higher), including a rise in anthocyanins from 1.3 ± 0.7 mg/L to 60.0 ± 9.4 mg/L was observed in Moro concurrent with an upregulation of the biosynthetic genes across the biosynthetic pathway. We show that postharvest storage enhances not only anthocyanins but also other flavonoids accumulation in blood oranges (but not in blond ones), further stimulating the interest in blood orange types in antioxidant-rich diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Carmona
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, CP 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.C.); (B.A.)
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Sao Paulo 14807-040, Brazil;
| | - Maria Sulli
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Berta Alquézar
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, CP 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.C.); (B.A.)
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Sao Paulo 14807-040, Brazil;
| | - Mónica Alves
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Sao Paulo 14807-040, Brazil;
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Peña
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, CP 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.C.); (B.A.)
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Sao Paulo 14807-040, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Ahmad S, Chen J, Chen G, Huang J, Zhou Y, Zhao K, Lan S, Liu Z, Peng D. Why Black Flowers? An Extreme Environment and Molecular Perspective of Black Color Accumulation in the Ornamental and Food Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:885176. [PMID: 35498642 PMCID: PMC9047182 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.885176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pollinators are attracted to vibrant flower colors. That is why flower color is the key agent to allow successful fruit set in food or ornamental crops. However, black flower color is the least attractive to pollinators, although a number of plant species produce black flowers. Cyanidin-based anthocyanins are thought to be the key agents to induce black color in the ornamental and fruit crops. R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) play key roles for the tissue-specific accumulation of anthocyanin. MYB1 and MYB11 are the key TFs regulating the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes for black color accumulation. Post-transcriptional silencing of flavone synthase II (FNS) gene is the technological method to stimulate the accumulation of cyanidin-based anthocyanins in black cultivars. Type 1 promoter of DvIVS takes the advantage of FNS silencing to produce large amounts of black anthocyanins. Exogenous ethylene application triggers anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit skin at ripening. Environment cues have been the pivotal regulators to allow differential accumulation of anthocyanins to regulate black color. Heat stress is one of the most important environmental stimulus that regulates concentration gradient of anthocyanins in various plant parts, thereby affecting the color pattern of flowers. Stability of black anthocyanins in the extreme environments can save the damage, especially in fruits, caused by abiotic stress. White flowers without anthocyanin face more damages from abiotic stress than dark color flowers. The intensity and pattern of flower color accumulation determine the overall fruit set, thereby controlling crop yield and human food needs. This review paper presents comprehensive knowledge of black flower regulation as affected by high temperature stress, and the molecular regulators of anthocyanin for black color in ornamental and food crops. It also discusses the black color-pollination interaction pattern affected by heat stress for food and ornamental crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagheer Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinliao Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siren Lan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongjian Liu,
| | - Donghui Peng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Donghui Peng,
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22
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Modica G, Pannitteri C, Di Guardo M, La Malfa S, Gentile A, Ruberto G, Pulvirenti L, Parafati L, Continella A, Siracusa L. Influence of rootstock genotype on individual metabolic responses and antioxidant potential of blood orange cv. Tarocco Scirè. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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23
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Abstract
Rootstock choice has important effects on the horticultural and pathological traits of the citrus cultivars. Thus, the scion/rootstock combination can affect tree vigour, nutrition, and stress resistance; it can also have positive influences on the fruit quality traits. Although the study of rootstock effects has been a relevant research topic in citrus for many years, the main body of such study has been conducted at the biochemical level, while little effort has been directed to the determination of the rootstock influences at the molecular level. A comparative study of three combinations of scion and rootstock shows a positive correlation between the regulation of the fruit quality-related genes and the accumulations of bioactive compounds, as well as with acid degradation. Monitoring the anthocyanin accumulation during ripening shows the scion/rootstock combination can increase anthocyanin synthesis in the fruit, as well as vitamin C accumulation and acid degradation. Our results show that the rootstock genotype can exert important influences on citrus fruit quality by affecting gene expression in the scion. New insights into the molecular interactions between scion and rootstock may help unravel the systems through which rootstocks exert their influences on the regulatory networks in the scion, so as to influence relevant agronomic traits. This information should result in an improved rootstock breeding selection and definition of scion/rootstock combinations to enhance fruit quality traits.
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24
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Guo S, Ma Y, Wang Y, Zhao W, Zheng Y, Wang P, Wang D, Zhao X. Effects of storage temperature on bisdemethoxycurcumin formation in fresh-cut yam (Dioscorea opposita). J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Habibi F, Serrano M, Zacarías L, Valero D, Guillén F. Postharvest Application of 24-Epibrassinolide Reduces Chilling Injury Symptoms and Enhances Bioactive Compounds Content and Antioxidant Activity of Blood Orange Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:629733. [PMID: 33643356 PMCID: PMC7905319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.629733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Sanguinello) fruit were treated with 24-epibrassinolide (Br) at 1, 5, and 10 μM previous to storage at 5°C during 42 days. The samples were analyzed after 14, 28, and 42 days plus 2 days at 20°C. Chilling injury was reduced in Br-treated fruit based on the lower percentage of electrolyte leakage and visual symptoms of peel dehydration and browning. Treated fruit showed lower acidity losses, due to retention of the main organic acids' concentration (citric and malic acids), as well as was higher content of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), especially in those fruit treated with the highest concentration (10 μM). Total phenolics and hydrophilic total antioxidant activity (H-TAA) decreased in control fruit over storage, while Br-treated fruit showed significantly higher concentration. In addition, total anthocyanins were enhanced in Br-treated oranges, which were correlated with color Hue angle. Overall, the application of Br at 10 μM provides results increasing the storability of blood oranges and their content on bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Habibi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Agro-Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Orihuela, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- IATA, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Spain
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Agro-Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Fabián Guillén
- Department of Agro-Food Technology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Orihuela, Spain
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26
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Hong HT, Phan ADT, O'Hare TJ. Temperature and Maturity Stages Affect Anthocyanin Development and Phenolic and Sugar Content of Purple-Pericarp Supersweet Sweetcorn during Storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:922-931. [PMID: 33448222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purple-pericarp sweetcorn (PPS) is a novel product, requiring both purple pigment development and maintenance of sweetness. Storage period and temperature had a profound impact on total anthocyanin accumulation (TAC) and sugar content. While TAC remained relatively unchanged during 14-day storage at 4 °C, the first recorded observation of continuing accumulation of anthocyanin and phenolic compounds was concurrent with an increase in purple pigment coverage across the surface of the kernel at 23 °C. TAC in PPS significantly increased, doubling after 14 days at 23 °C. Anthocyanin concentration and kernel coverage were also affected by harvest maturity. The results indicated that biosynthesis of anthocyanins is still occurring during postharvest storage of PPS. A significant decline in sugar concentration was also observed during storage with a greater decline at 23 °C. As anthocyanin accumulation and maintaining sweetness are important factors for sweetcorn, identifying storage temperatures that optimize both quality criteria are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Hong
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - A D T Phan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - T J O'Hare
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
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27
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Mphaphuli T, Slabbert RM, Sivakumar D. Storage temperature and time changes of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of Natal plum (Carissa macrocarpa). FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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28
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Habibi F, Ramezanian A, Guillén F, Castillo S, Serrano M, Valero D. Changes in Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Nutritional Quality of Blood Orange Cultivars at Different Storage Temperatures. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1016. [PMID: 33092024 PMCID: PMC7589990 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about the postharvest physiological behavior of blood orange cultivars can provide comprehensive insight into the best period of storage to maintain the highest fruit quality during prolonged cold storage. In this paper, changes in nutritional quality, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant enzymes in the juice of four blood orange cultivars ("Moro", "Tarocco", "Sanguinello", and "Sanguine") stored at 2 and 5 °C were studied. Parameters were measured after 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days, plus 2 days at 20 °C for shelf life. Sucrose was the sugar found in higher concentrations and decreased during storage in all cultivars, as did glucose and fructose. Organic acids decreased at both temperatures, with the highest content found in "Sanguinello", especially major (citric acid) and ascorbic acid. Total phenolics content (TPC), total anthocyanins (TAC), and individual cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-(6″-malonylglucoside) increased for all cultivars, with "Sanguinello" having higher concentrations. The antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also higher in "Sanguinello" and increased during storage. Overall, these results together with the sensory analysis suggested that "Sanguinello" would be the best cultivar for prolonged storage. The results of this study could be useful to select the best storage duration and temperature for each cultivar and provide the presence of such a high-value commodity for fresh consumption or juice processing long after the harvest season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Habibi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran; (F.H.); (A.R.)
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (F.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Asghar Ramezanian
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran; (F.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Fabián Guillén
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (F.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Salvador Castillo
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (F.G.); (S.C.)
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; (F.G.); (S.C.)
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29
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Morales J, Bermejo A, Navarro P, Forner-Giner MÁ, Salvador A. Rootstock effect on fruit quality, anthocyanins, sugars, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanones content during the harvest of blood oranges 'Moro' and 'Tarocco Rosso' grown in Spain. Food Chem 2020; 342:128305. [PMID: 33097323 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The physico-chemical quality parameters (external and internal color, firmness, acidity, total soluble solids, anthocyanins, sugars, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanones) of 'Moro' and 'Tarocco Rosso' blood oranges grafted onto eight different rootstocks at three harvest time were studied. The rootstocks were 'Carrizo', 'C-35', 'Cleopatra' mandarin, 'Citrus volkameriana', 'Citrus macrophylla', 'Swingle' citrumelo, 'Forner-Alcaide 5' and 'Forner-Alcaide 13'. All studied parameters were highly rootstock/scion-dependent and showed changes throughout harvest. The content of the main anthocyanins revealed their relation with internal fruit color in both cultivars. The rootstocks that led to fruit with the lowest anthocyanins displayed the least sucrose content. The differences detected in the amount of hydroxycinnamic acids (chlorogenic, ferulic and sinapic) and flavanones (hesperidin, narirutin and didymin) related to anthocyanins content, explained phenylpropanoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Morales
- InstitutoValenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Postharvest Department, Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Km. 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Almudena Bermejo
- InstitutoValenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Postharvest Department, Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Km. 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Navarro
- InstitutoValenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Postharvest Department, Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Km. 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Forner-Giner
- InstitutoValenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Postharvest Department, Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Km. 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandra Salvador
- InstitutoValenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Postharvest Department, Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Km. 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
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30
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Carmona L, Alquézar B, Diretto G, Sevi F, Malara T, Lafuente MT, Peña L. Curing and low-temperature combined post-harvest storage enhances anthocyanin biosynthesis in blood oranges. Food Chem 2020; 342:128334. [PMID: 33077281 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are pigments present in blood oranges which can be enriched by post-harvest cold storage. Additionally, citrus fruits contain appreciable levels of other flavonoids, whose content increases under post-harvest heat treatments. Here, we investigated the effects of curing (37 °C for 3 days) and storage at low-temperature (9 °C) during 15, 30 and 45 days on accumulation of anthocyanins and other flavonoids in Moro and Sanguinelli Polidori blood oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). Cured fruits reached up to 191.4 ± 1.4 mg/L of anthocyanins in their juice after cold storage and a 3-fold enrichment of other flavonoids such as flavones and flavanones, compared to 85.7 ± 3.3 mg/L anthocyanins from fruits with cold storage alone. Concomitantly, qPCR analysis showed that curing enhanced upregulation of the main structural and transcription factor genes regulating the flavonoid pathway. GC-MS analysis showed that no unpleasant compounds were generated in the cured plus cold-stored juice volatilome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Carmona
- Fundo de defesa da citricultura (Fundecitrus), São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain
| | - Berta Alquézar
- Fundo de defesa da citricultura (Fundecitrus), São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Santa Maria di Galeria RM, Italy
| | - Filippo Sevi
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Santa Maria di Galeria RM, Italy
| | - Tatiane Malara
- Fundo de defesa da citricultura (Fundecitrus), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Teresa Lafuente
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain
| | - Leandro Peña
- Fundo de defesa da citricultura (Fundecitrus), São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain.
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31
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Lafuente MT, Romero P, Ballester AR. Coordinated activation of the metabolic pathways induced by LED blue light in citrus fruit. Food Chem 2020; 341:128050. [PMID: 33049419 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical changes induced by LED Blue Light (LBL) (450 nm) in Lane Late oranges were investigated. The selected quantum flux (60 µmol m-2 s-1, 2 days) was associated with resistance against Penicillium digitatum, the main postharvest pathogen of citrus fruit. A holistic overview was obtained by a comparative transcriptome profile analysis, which revealed that LBL favored energy metabolism and redirected metabolic pathways toward the synthesis of diverse primary and secondary metabolism products. LBL favored reactive oxygen species homeostasis and metabolic activities involving lipid metabolism, specifically the synthesis of pigments and oxylipins, and the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and indol- and alkaloid-derivatives. LBL also repressed limonene catabolism and triggered phenylpropanoid derivatives-related changes, which increased content in total flavonoids. Transferring fruit from LBL to darkness favored those processes involving amino acids, different phenylpropanoid, alkaloid and terpenoid classes, and ferrochelatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Lafuente
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paco Romero
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana-Rosa Ballester
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Effect of Rootstock and Harvesting Period on the Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Two Orange Cultivars (‘Salustiana’ and ‘Sanguinelli’) Widely Used in Juice Industry. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oranges are a rich source of bioactive compounds with recognized benefits for human health. To guarantee high quality and production levels, citrus farms usually employ the combination of selected cultivars with well adapted rootstocks. This study analyzes the impact of four different citrus rootstocks (Forner-Alcaide no.5, ‘Cleopatra mandarin’, Citrus volkameriana and Carrizo citrange) on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of two orange cultivars (‘Salustiana’ and ‘Sanguinelli’) widely used in the orange juice industry. For the hydrophilic fraction, the phenolic compound, anthocyanin, and organic acid profiles were determined by HPLC-DAD-HRMS, and the antioxidant activity by ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays. Besides, the total carotenoids and ABTS concentrations were calculated for the hydrophobic fraction. A set of three flavanones, one flavone, and eight anthocyanins were tentatively identified and quantified in the orange cultivars tested. The predominant phenolic compounds obtained in both orange cultivars were hesperidin and narirutin, while cyanidin-3-O-(6″-malonyl) glucoside followed by cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were the main anthocyanins found in the ‘Sanguinelli’ cultivar. Citric acid, followed by malic, oxalic, and ascorbic acids were the main organic acids. The higher amount of antioxidant compounds was found in fruit from the Forner-Alcaide no.5 rootstock. These results indicate that Forner-Alcaide n.5 affects positively the phenolic and organic acid composition and the antioxidant capacity of ‘Sanguinelli’ and ‘Salustiana’ cultivars, and is therefore a good option for the sector based on the healthy promoting properties.
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Target-Genes Reveal Species and Genotypic Specificity of Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Citrus and Related Genera. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070807. [PMID: 32708660 PMCID: PMC7397085 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anthocyanin pigmentation characterizes a number of tissues of Citrus and its relatives. The gain and loss of pigmentation is intriguing and is inherited variously among species. Methods: Citrus germplasm was used to investigate the anthocyanin pigmentation of tissues never before considered, including stamen, style and stigma, and of young leaves, petals, rind and flesh of 28 genotypes belonging to 14 species. Citrus genotypes encompassed citron, lemon, sweet orange, lime, and Citrus relatives included Microcitrus, Murraya, and Severinia. A relative qRT-PCR analysis was carried out on the structural and regulatory genes: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3′-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), uridine diphosphate glucose flavonoid glucosyl-transferase (UFGT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), Ruby and Noemi. Image analysis and a genomic approach were employed to evaluate how the red pigmentation is inherited among tissues and species. Results: Pigmentation of young leaves and petals is specific to citron and its hybrids. Ruby controls the pigmentation of petals, but not of leaves. The red color of the rind and flesh is a trait that particularly characterizes a diversity of sweet oranges, citron hybrids and Citrus relatives. Color expression depends on external factors and also on developmental stage. The coloration of stamen and style is citron-specific, while a red stigma is exclusive to Moro orange and its hybrids. Conclusion: It is hypothesized that there is a relationship among Citrus species and genes controlling anthocyanin pigmentation.
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Pott DM, Vallarino JG, Osorio S. Metabolite Changes during Postharvest Storage: Effects on Fruit Quality Traits. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10050187. [PMID: 32397309 PMCID: PMC7281412 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes occurring in ripe or senescent fruits during postharvest storage lead to a general deterioration in quality attributes, including decreased flavor and ‘off-aroma’ compound generation. As a consequence, measures to reduce economic losses have to be taken by the fruit industry and have mostly consisted of storage at cold temperatures and the use of controlled atmospheres or ripening inhibitors. However, the biochemical pathways and molecular mechanisms underlying fruit senescence in commercial storage conditions are still poorly understood. In this sense, metabolomic platforms, enabling the profiling of key metabolites responsible for organoleptic and health-promoting traits, such as volatiles, sugars, acids, polyphenols and carotenoids, can be a powerful tool for further understanding the biochemical basis of postharvest physiology and have the potential to play a critical role in the identification of the pathways affected by fruit senescence. Here, we provide an overview of the metabolic changes during postharvest storage, with special attention to key metabolites related to fruit quality. The potential use of metabolomic approaches to yield metabolic markers useful for chemical phenotyping or even storage and marketing decisions is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José G. Vallarino
- Correspondence: (J.G.V.); (S.O.); Tel.: +34-952134271 (J.G.V. & S.O.)
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Correspondence: (J.G.V.); (S.O.); Tel.: +34-952134271 (J.G.V. & S.O.)
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35
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Fabroni S, Amenta M, Timpanaro N, Todaro A, Rapisarda P. Change in taste-altering non-volatile components of blood and common orange fruit during cold storage. Food Res Int 2020; 131:108916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Cost-Effective Implementation of a Temperature Traceability System Based on Smart RFID Tags and IoT Services. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20041163. [PMID: 32093218 PMCID: PMC7071464 DOI: 10.3390/s20041163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the design and validation of a traceability system, based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and Internet of Things (IoT) services, intended to address the interconnection and cost-implementation problems typical in traceability systems. The RFID layer integrates temperature sensors into RFID tags, to track and trace food conditions during transportation. The IoT paradigm makes it possible to connect multiple systems to the same platform, addressing interconnection problems between different technology providers. The cost-implementation issues are addressed following the Data as a Service (DaaS) billing scheme, where users pay for the data they consume and not the installed equipment, avoiding the big initial investment that these high-tech solutions commonly require. The developed system is validated in two case scenarios, one carried out in controlled laboratory conditions, monitoring chopped pumpkin. Another case, carried out in a real scenario, monitors oranges sent from Valencia, Spain to Cork, Ireland.
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37
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He Q, Ren Y, Zhao W, Li R, Zhang L. Low Temperature Promotes Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Related Gene Expression in the Seedlings of Purple Head Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa L.). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E81. [PMID: 31936856 PMCID: PMC7017278 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the effect of low temperature on anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple head Chinese cabbage, we analyzed anthocyanin accumulation and related gene expression in the seedlings of purple head Chinese cabbage, white head parent Chinese cabbage, and its purple male parent under a normal 25 °C temperature and a low 12 °C temperature. Anthocyanin accumulation in purple lines was strongly induced by low temperature, and the total anthocyanin content of seedlings was significantly enhanced. In addition, nearly all phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway genes (PMPGs) were down-regulated, some early biosynthesis genes (EBGs) were up-regulated, and nearly all late biosynthesis genes (LBGs) directly involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis showed higher expression levels in purple lines after low-temperature induction. Interestingly, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF) gene 'BrMYB2' and a basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) regulatory gene 'BrTT8' were highly up-regulated in purple lines after low temperature induction, and two negative regulatory genes 'BrMYBL2.1' and 'BrLBD38.2' were up-regulated in the white line. BrMYB2 and BrTT8 may play important roles in co-activating the anthocyanin structural genes in purple head Chinese cabbage after low-temperature induction, whereas down-regulation of BrMYB2 and up-regulation of some negative regulators might be responsible for white head phenotype formation. Data presented here provide new understanding into the anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanism during low temperature exposure in Brassica crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (Q.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (Q.H.)
| | - Wenbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (Q.H.)
| | - Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (Q.H.)
| | - Lugang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China; (Q.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin 300192, China
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Alteration of flesh color and enhancement of bioactive substances via the stimulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in 'Friar' plum fruit by low temperature and the removal. Food Chem 2019; 310:125862. [PMID: 31767480 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
'Friar' plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) fruit were transferred to shelf life (25 °C) following different storage periods at low (0 °C) or intermediate (5 °C) temperature. The earliest flesh reddening appeared in plums during shelf life removed after 28 d at 0 °C and 14 d at 5 °C, respectively, in comparison with turning yellow in plums remained at 25 °C immediately after harvest. The flesh reddening developed rapidly thereafter. Anthocyanins, in particular, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, significantly accumulated in the reddening tissue, and activities of enzymes associated with the phenylpropanoid pathway were considerably activated after the removal. The removal elicited extremely high ethylene production in plums, which might mediate the activation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis in response to cold stress signal. The results provided a potential approach for postharvest regulation of flesh color and accumulation of bioactive substances in plums, which could lead to attractive attributes and health-promoting effects on consumers.
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Zhang Q, Zhai J, Shao L, Lin W, Peng C. Accumulation of Anthocyanins: An Adaptation Strategy of Mikania micrantha to Low Temperature in Winter. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1049. [PMID: 31555311 PMCID: PMC6726734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves and stems of Mikania micrantha improves its adaptability to low-temperature environments during winter in areas where this species is invasive. The accumulation of anthocyanins in M. micrantha causes the plants to exhibit red coloration when encountering low-temperature environments during winter. Many studies have reported that the accumulation of anthocyanins near the plant surface filters light and improves photoprotection. However, the results of this study showed that the main role of anthocyanins accumulation in M. micrantha during winter was to increase both antioxidant capability and tolerance to low temperature. The results showed that the anthocyanin contents were significantly higher in red leaves and stems than in green leaves and stems, with more than 60-fold greater content in red leaves than in green leaves. In addition, the total antioxidant capability was significantly greater in red leaves and stems than in green leaves and stems. After 4°C treatment for 12 h, a large amount of reactive oxygen species accumulated in green leaves and stems, and the maximum photochemical efficiency decreased significantly. Compared with that of the green leaves, the net photosynthetic rate of red leaves was significantly higher. The biomass statistics revealed that the dry matter accumulation of M. micrantha plants with relatively large amounts of anthocyanins was significantly greater than that of plants with relatively low anthocyanin levels during the same period. Our results suggest that the accumulation of anthocyanins during winter is an adaptation strategy of M. micrantha to low winter temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilei Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Shao
- College of Life Science, Zhao Qing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changlian Peng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Yu H, Wang J, Sheng X, Zhao Z, Shen Y, Branca F, Gu H. Construction of a high-density genetic map and identification of loci controlling purple sepal trait of flower head in Brassica oleracea L. italica. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:228. [PMID: 31146678 PMCID: PMC6543578 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. italic) accessions have purple sepals and cold weather would deepen the purple color, while the sepals of other broccoli lines are always green even in cold winter. The related locus or gene is still unknown. In this study, a high-density genetic map was constructed based on specific locus amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing in a doubled-haploid segregation population with 127 individuals. And mapping of the purple sepal trait in flower heads based on phenotypic data collected during three seasons was performed. RESULTS A genetic map was constructed, which contained 6694 SLAF markers with an average sequencing depth of 81.37-fold in the maternal line, 84-fold in the paternal line, and 15.76-fold in each individual population studied. In all of the annual data recorded, three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified that were all distributed within the linkage group (LG) 1. Among them, a major locus, qPH.C01-2, located at 36.393 cM LG1, was consistently detected in all analysis. Besides this locus, another two minor loci, qPH.C01-4 and qPH.C01-5, were identified near qPH.C01-2, based on the phenotypic data from spring of 2018. CONCLUSION The purple sepal trait could be controlled by a major single locus and two minor loci. The genetic map and location of the purple sepal trait of flower heads provide an important foundation for mapping other compound traits and the identification of the genes related to purple sepal trait in broccoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Yu
- Institute of Vegetable, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- Institute of Vegetable, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoguang Sheng
- Institute of Vegetable, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqing Zhao
- Institute of Vegetable, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yusen Shen
- Institute of Vegetable, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ferdinando Branca
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Honghui Gu
- Institute of Vegetable, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang L, Wang L, Zeng X, Chen R, Yang S, Pan S. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals fruit discoloration mechanisms in postharvest strawberries in response to high ambient temperature. FOOD CHEMISTRY-X 2019; 2:100025. [PMID: 31432012 PMCID: PMC6694852 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2019.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine both physiological and molecular evidences related to fruit discoloration in postharvest strawberries under high ambient temperature. The results showed the total anthocyanin and their main components in the strawberries under 35 °C were greatly increased due to the significant up-regulations of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and transportation genes. High ambient temperature greatly improved the activities of peroxidase (POD) and enhanced gene expressions of POD3, POD6 and POD63. At the same time, high storage temperature activated laccase genes expression including laccase-9 and laccase-14, which was closely related to anthocyanin degradation. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism were also increased under high ambient temperature at transcript levels. Therefore, we concluded that high ambient temperature could enhance anthocyanin accumulation and degradation at the same time, which maybe the main reasons for the fruits discoloration of postharvest strawberries under high ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiangguo Zeng
- Economic Crop Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, PR China
| | - Ruixu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shuzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Siyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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Sampling for DUS Test of Flower Colors of Ranunculus asiaticus L. in View of Spatial and Temporal Changes of Flower Colorations, Anthocyanin Contents, and Gene Expression Levels. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030615. [PMID: 30744185 PMCID: PMC6384639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sampling for DUS test of flower colors should be fixed at the stages and sites that petals are fully colored, and besides, flower colorations are uniform among individuals and stable for a period of time to allow testers to get consistent results. It remains a problem since spatial and temporal flower colorations are reported a lot but their change traits are little discussed. In this study, expression state, uniformity and stability of color phenotypes, anthocyanin contents, and gene expression levels were taken into account based on measurements at 12 development stages and three layers (inner, middle, and outer petals) of two varieties of Ranunculus asiaticus L. to get their best sampling. Our results showed that, outer petals of L9–L10 (stage 9–stage 10 of variety ‘Jiaoyan zhuanhong’) and C5–C6 (stage 5–stage 6 of variety ‘Jiaoyan yanghong’) were the best sampling, respectively. For DUS test, it is suggested to track flower colorations continuously to get the best sampling as well as representative colors since different cultivars had different change traits, and moreover, full expression of color phenotypes came later and lasted for a shorter duration than those of anthocyanin contents and gene expressions. Our innovation exists in following two points. Firstly, a model of change dynamic was introduced to illustrate the change traits of flower colorations, anthocyanin contents, and gene expressions. Secondly, genes used for expression analysis were screened on account of tentative anthocyanins, which were identified based on comparison between liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) results and molecular mass and mass fragment pattern (M2) of each putative anthocyanin and their fragments deduced in our previous study. Gene screening in this regard may also be interest for other non-model plant genera with little molecular background.
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Carmona L, Alquézar B, Tárraga S, Peña L. Effect of low temperature-storage on the proteome of ‘Moro’ blood orange flesh. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2019.1230.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Carmona L, Alquézar B, Tárraga S, Peña L. Protein analysis of moro blood orange pulp during storage at low temperatures. Food Chem 2018; 277:75-83. [PMID: 30502212 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A protein analysis in the pulp of Moro blood oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) at the onset and after 30 days of storage at either 4 or 9 °C was performed. All differential proteins belonged to different functional classes (sugar, amino acid and secondary metabolism, defense, stress response, oxidative process, transport and cellular component biogenesis), displaying a differential accumulation in those Moro oranges kept at 9 versus 4 °C, and in those stored at 4 °C versus onset. Anthocyanin biosynthesis structural proteins chalcone synthases and flavonone 3-hydroxylase and different glutathione S-transferases related with their vacuolar transport were up-accumulated in fruits kept at 9 versus 4 °C and versus the onset. Proteins related with defense and oxidative stress displayed a similar pattern, concomitant with a higher anthocyanin content, denoting a possible role of defense and other stress response pathways in anthocyanin production/accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carmona
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Av. Adhemar P. Barros, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - B Alquézar
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Av. Adhemar P. Barros, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Tárraga
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, Spain.
| | - L Peña
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Av. Adhemar P. Barros, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, Spain.
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Transcriptional control of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and transcription factors associated with flower coloration patterns in Gerbera hybrida. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:65. [PMID: 29354376 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and transcription factors (TFs) in the Gerbera hybrida cultivars 'Bintang' and 'Alliance' that exhibit different coloration patterns. Differential expression of biosynthesis genes and TFs was associated with variable anthocyanin content at different flower developmental stages (S1-S3) in both cultivars; higher anthocyanin content was correlated with higher levels of gene expression. Exposure to different temperatures (6 and 22 °C) also resulted in different anthocyanin content levels: the lower temperature (6 °C) enhanced anthocyanin content compared to the higher temperature (22 °C). However, the increased anthocyanin content of 'Bintang' compared to 'Alliance' was the result of higher levels of expression of all detected genes, regardless of flower stage and temperature conditions. Therefore, we conclude that transcriptional control of the detected genes is associated with the mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis and coloration patterns in gerberas; however, further studies of the key genes are needed.
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Wang JH, Liu JJ, Chen KL, Li HW, He J, Guan B, He L. Comparative transcriptome and proteome profiling of two Citrus sinensis cultivars during fruit development and ripening. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:984. [PMID: 29268697 PMCID: PMC5740884 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcriptome and proteome analyses on fruit pulp from the blood orange ‘Zaohong’ and the navel orange ‘twenty-first century’ were performed to study Citrus sinensis quality-related molecular changes during consecutive developmental periods, including young fruit, fruit-coloring onset and fruit delayed-harvest for two months, during which fruit remained on the trees. Results The time-course analysis for the fruit developmental periods indicated a complex, dynamic gene expression pattern, with the numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two cultivars being 119, 426 and 904 at the three continuous stages tested during fruit development and ripening. The continuous increase in total soluble solids over the course of fruit development was correlated with up-regulated sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) transcription levels in both cultivars. Eleven differentially expressed genes between the two cultivars involved in the flavonoid pathway were significantly enriched at the onset of the fruit-coloring stage when anthocyanins were detected in blood orange alone. Among 5185 proteins, 65 up-regulated and 29 down-regulated proteins were co-expressed with their cognate mRNAs with significant transcription and protein expression levels when the fruits from the two cultivars were compared at the fruit delayed-harvest stage. Additionally, important genes participating in the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt were activated in blood orange at two significant expression levels in the fruit delayed-harvest stage. Thus, organic acids in fruit continuously decreased during this stage. Conclusions This research was the first to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the differentially expressed genes involved in anthocyanin, sucrose and citrate metabolism at the transcriptome and proteome levels in C. sinensis, especially during the fruit delayed-harvest stage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4366-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Wang
- Horticulture Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China.,State-Sichuan Joint Engineering Laboratory of Citrus Breeding and Cultivation, Chengdu, 610066, China.,The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Biology and Germplasm Enhancement in Southwest Regions, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- Horticulture Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China. .,State-Sichuan Joint Engineering Laboratory of Citrus Breeding and Cultivation, Chengdu, 610066, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Biology and Germplasm Enhancement in Southwest Regions, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China.
| | - Ke-Ling Chen
- Horticulture Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China.,State-Sichuan Joint Engineering Laboratory of Citrus Breeding and Cultivation, Chengdu, 610066, China.,The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Biology and Germplasm Enhancement in Southwest Regions, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Hong-Wen Li
- Horticulture Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China.,State-Sichuan Joint Engineering Laboratory of Citrus Breeding and Cultivation, Chengdu, 610066, China.,The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Biology and Germplasm Enhancement in Southwest Regions, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Jian He
- Horticulture Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China.,State-Sichuan Joint Engineering Laboratory of Citrus Breeding and Cultivation, Chengdu, 610066, China.,The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Biology and Germplasm Enhancement in Southwest Regions, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Bin Guan
- Horticulture Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China.,State-Sichuan Joint Engineering Laboratory of Citrus Breeding and Cultivation, Chengdu, 610066, China.,The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Biology and Germplasm Enhancement in Southwest Regions, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Li He
- Horticulture Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China.,State-Sichuan Joint Engineering Laboratory of Citrus Breeding and Cultivation, Chengdu, 610066, China.,The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Biology and Germplasm Enhancement in Southwest Regions, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610066, China
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