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Yang X, Wang J, Hong H, Feng X, Zhang X, Song J. The association between diets and periodontitis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2024; 15:1398101. [PMID: 38881793 PMCID: PMC11176517 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1398101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis, a complex inflammatory condition, has been associated with dietary habits and antioxidants. While the association between certain dietary patterns and periodontitis has been documented, the bidirectional relationship remains unclear. This study utilizes Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the bidirectional associations between dietary factors comprising dietary antioxidants, and periodontitis. Methods Employing a two-sample MR approach, this study analyzed genome-wide association study (GWAS) data on diets and periodontitis from large databases and published literature. Instrumental variables (IVs) were selected and filtered based on genetic variants associated with dietary factors and periodontitis, respectively. Various MR methods, including Inverse Variance Weighted, MR-Egger, Weighted Median, Weighted Mode, and Simple Mode were applied to assess the bidirectional associations. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the robustness of the findings. Results Our analysis revealed significant associations between certain dietary factors and the risk of periodontitis. Specifically, higher intake of filtered coffee, low-calorie drinks, and other cereals, as well as increased metabolic circulating levels of gamma-tocopherol, were associated with an elevated risk of periodontitis. Conversely, consumption of cheese, white rice, chocolate bars, unsalted peanuts, and higher absolute circulating levels of vitamin C were linked to a reduced risk. Additionally, the study suggests that periodontitis may influence dietary habits, indicating a bidirectional relationship. Conclusion This study provides additional evidence of a bidirectional association between dietary factors and periodontitis. It highlights the importance of dietary interventions in the prevention and management of periodontitis. The findings underscore the need for incorporating dietary counseling into periodontal disease management protocols and suggest the potential of personalized dietary strategies for periodontitis patients. Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying these associations and to confirm these findings in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingchan Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Houlin Hong
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Xing Feng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Barreto-Peixoto JA, Silva C, Costa ASG, Álvarez-Rivera G, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E, Oliveira MBPP, Alves RC, Martel F, Andrade N. A Prunus avium L. Infusion Inhibits Sugar Uptake and Counteracts Oxidative Stress-Induced Stimulation of Glucose Uptake by Intestinal Epithelial (Caco-2) Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:59. [PMID: 38247483 PMCID: PMC10812648 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is among the most valued fruits due to its organoleptic properties and nutritional worth. Cherry stems are rich in bioactive compounds, known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Innumerable studies have indicated that some bioactive compounds can modulate sugar absorption in the small intestine. In this study, the phenolic profile of a cherry stem infusion was investigated, as well as its capacity to modulate intestinal glucose and fructose transport in Caco-2 cells. Long-term (24 h) exposure to cherry stem infusion (25%, v/v) significantly reduced glucose (3H-DG) and fructose (14C-FRU) apical uptake, reduced the apical-to-basolateral Papp to 3H-DG, and decreased mRNA expression levels of the sugar transporters SGLT1, GLUT2 and GLUT5. Oxidative stress (induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide) caused an increase in 3H-DG uptake, which was abolished by the cherry stem infusion. These findings suggest that cherry stem infusion can reduce the intestinal absorption of both glucose and fructose by decreasing the gene expression of their membrane transporters. Moreover, this infusion also appears to be able to counteract the stimulatory effect of oxidative stress upon glucose intestinal uptake. Therefore, it can be a potentially useful compound for controlling hyperglycemia, especially in the presence of increased intestinal oxidative stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A. Barreto-Peixoto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.B.-P.); (C.S.); (A.S.G.C.); (M.B.P.P.O.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Cláudia Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.B.-P.); (C.S.); (A.S.G.C.); (M.B.P.P.O.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Anabela S. G. Costa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.B.-P.); (C.S.); (A.S.G.C.); (M.B.P.P.O.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Gerardo Álvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.Á.-R.); (A.C.); (E.I.)
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.Á.-R.); (A.C.); (E.I.)
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.Á.-R.); (A.C.); (E.I.)
| | - M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.B.-P.); (C.S.); (A.S.G.C.); (M.B.P.P.O.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Rita C. Alves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.B.-P.); (C.S.); (A.S.G.C.); (M.B.P.P.O.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Fátima Martel
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nelson Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.A.B.-P.); (C.S.); (A.S.G.C.); (M.B.P.P.O.); (R.C.A.)
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Liu L, Xie T, Hu Z, Liu J. Association between healthy eating index-2015 and abdominal aortic calcification: A population-based cross-sectional study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102421. [PMID: 37766726 PMCID: PMC10520950 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An association between the healthy eating index (HEI)-2015 and risk of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is unclear in the general population of the United States (U.S.). Therefore, we examined the relationship between HEI-2015 and AAC risk in our research. Methods A cross-sectional study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) participants between 2013 and 2014 was conducted. For the analysis of the association between HEI-2015 and AAC, the restricted cubic spline (RCS) plot and multivariable logistic regression models were used. In addition, we also conducted subgroup analysis for the relationship between HEI-2015 and AAC. Results There was a total of 1162 individuals. As shown by the RCS plot, HEI-2015 was linked with AAC risk in a U-shaped pattern (P for nonlinearity < 0.05). Taking into account known confounding variables, compared with the lowest quartiles, the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for AAC across the quartiles were 0.637 (0.425,0.956), 0.763 (0.499, 1.167), and 0.842 (0.561, 1.265). Based on the results of subgroup analysis, the HEI-2015 and AAC risk were U-curve correlated among all age groups, sex, with or without hypertension or DM, and BMI of <30 kg/m2. The greens and beans, and whole fruits are independent protective factor for AAC. Conclusions The U-shaped relationships exist between HEI-2015 and prevalence of AAC in the general U.S. population. Consequently, prevalence of AAC may be mitigated with reasonable and balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- Department of Pathology, Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Zhongshun Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, Anhui 237005, China
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Craciunescu O, Seciu-Grama AM, Mihai E, Utoiu E, Negreanu-Pirjol T, Lupu CE, Artem V, Ranca A, Negreanu-Pirjol BS. The Chemical Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Lipid Droplet Activity of Fluid Extracts from Romanian Cultivars of Haskap Berries, Bitter Cherries, and Red Grape Pomace for the Management of Liver Steatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16849. [PMID: 38069172 PMCID: PMC10706173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of fluid extracts obtained from three Romanian cultivars of haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) var. Loni, bitter cherries (Prunus avium var. sylvestris Ser.) var. Silva, and pomace from red grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) var. Mamaia, and their capacity to modulate in vitro steatosis, in view of developing novel anti-obesity products. Total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and ascorbic acid content of fluid extracts was spectrophotometrically assessed and their free radical scavenging capacity was evaluated using Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition assays. The Pearson coefficients showed a moderate correlation between the antioxidant activity of fluid extracts and their phenolic content, but a strong correlation between anthocyanin and ascorbic acid content. HPLC analysis identified and quantified the main phenolic compounds of chlorogenic and syringic acid, catechin, and glycosylated kaempferol, apigenin, and quercetin, in variable proportions. An in vitro experimental model of steatosis was developed in HepG2 hepatocytes treated with a mixture of free fatty acids. Cell culture analyses showed that cytocompatible concentrations of fluid extracts could significantly reduce the lipid accumulation and inhibit the reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide secretion in stressed hepatocytes. In conclusion, these results put an emphasis on the chemical compounds' high antioxidant and liver protection capacity of unstudied fluid extracts obtained from Romanian cultivars of bitter cherries var. Silva and pomace of red grapes var. Mamaia, similar to the fluid extract of haskap berries var. Loni, in particular, the positive modulation of fat deposition next to oxidative stress and the lipid peroxidation process triggered by fatty acids in HepG2 hepatocytes. Consequently, this study indicated that these fluid extracts could be further exploited as hepatoprotective agents in liver steatosis, which provides a basis for the further development of novel extract mixtures with synergistic activity as anti-obesity products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Craciunescu
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.S.-G.); (E.M.); (E.U.)
| | - Ana-Maria Seciu-Grama
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.S.-G.); (E.M.); (E.U.)
| | - Elena Mihai
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.S.-G.); (E.M.); (E.U.)
| | - Elena Utoiu
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.S.-G.); (E.M.); (E.U.)
| | - Ticuta Negreanu-Pirjol
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ovidius of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (C.E.L.); (B.-S.N.-P.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street, No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Lupu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ovidius of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (C.E.L.); (B.-S.N.-P.)
| | - Victoria Artem
- Research-Development Station for Viticulture and Winemaking of Murfatlar, 905100 Murfatlar, Romania; (V.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Aurora Ranca
- Research-Development Station for Viticulture and Winemaking of Murfatlar, 905100 Murfatlar, Romania; (V.A.); (A.R.)
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Domínguez-Avila JA. Dietary Phenolic Compounds Exert Some of Their Health-Promoting Bioactivities by Targeting Liver X Receptor (LXR) and Retinoid X Receptor (RXR). Foods 2023; 12:4205. [PMID: 38231664 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Consuming foods of vegetable origin has been shown to exert multiple health-related effects, many of them attributed to their phenolic compounds. These molecules are known for being bioactive across multiple cells and organs, with documented changes in gene expression being commonly reported. Nuclear receptors are signal transducers capable of regulating gene expression in response to endogenous and/or exogenous ligands. Liver X receptor (LXR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) are two important nuclear receptors that can be acted on by phenolic compounds, thereby modifying gene expression and potentially exerting numerous subsequent bioactivities. The present work summarizes recent evidence of the effects of the phenolic compounds that are exerted by targeting LXR and/or RXR. The data show that, when LXR is being targeted, changes in lipid metabolism are commonly observed, due to its ability to regulate genes relevant to this process. The effects vary widely when RXR is the target since it is involved in processes like cell proliferation, vitamin D metabolism, and multiple others by forming heterodimers with other transcription factors that regulate said processes. The evidence therefore shows that phenolic compounds can exert multiple bioactivities, with a mechanism of action based, at least in part, on their ability to modulate the cell at the molecular level by acting on nuclear receptors. The data point to a promising and novel area of study that links diet and health, although various unknowns justify further experimentation to reveal the precise way in which a given phenolic can interact with a nuclear receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham Domínguez-Avila
- CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas No. 46, La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, SO, Mexico
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Liu Y, Wang Q, Wu K, Sun Z, Tang Z, Li X, Zhang B. Anthocyanins' effects on diabetes mellitus and islet transplantation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12102-12125. [PMID: 35822311 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is dramatically increasing every year, causing a huge global burden. Moreover, existing anti-diabetic drugs inevitably bring adverse reactions, and the application of islet transplantation is often limited by the damage caused by oxidative stress after transplantation. Thus, new approaches are needed to combat the growing burden of diabetes mellitus. Anthocyanins are of great nutritional interest and have been documented that have beneficial effects on chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Here, we describe the health effects of anthocyanins on diabetes mellitus and islet transplantation. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that moderate intake of anthocyanins leading to a reduction in risk of diabetes mellitus. Numerous experiments both animal and clinical studies also showed positive effects of anthocyanins on prevention and treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. These effects of anthocyanins may be related to mechanisms of improving glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, damage and function of pancreatic islets after transplantation are also improved by anthocyanins. These findings suggest that daily intake of anthocyanins may not only improve nutritional metabolism in healthy individuals to prevent from diabetes, but also as a supplementary treatment of diabetes mellitus and islet transplantation. Thus, more evidence is needed to better understand the potential health benefits of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Kangze Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouyi Sun
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Wang Z, Liu H, Song G, Gao J, Xia X, Qin N. Cherry juice alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice by resolving gut microbiota dysbiosis and regulating microRNA. Food Funct 2023; 14:2768-2780. [PMID: 36857703 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Cherry is a nutrient-rich food that is good for health. This study demonstrated the inhibitory action of dietary cherry juice on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. Cherry juice intervention significantly decreased body weight, fat contents, and blood lipid levels in obese mice. The overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines was suppressed by dietary cherry juice, which was accompanied by the elevation of tight junction proteins to maintain intestinal barrier. Moreover, dietary cherry juice restored the decreased production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by regulating the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. In addition, dietary cherry juice also suppressed the expression of some microRNAs associated with obesity such as miR-200c-3p, miR-125a-5p, miR-132-3p, and miR-223-3p and target proteins related with microRNAs in the inguinal or epididymal white tissue in the obese mice. These results offer a fresh perspective on cherry juice's role in the prevention of obesity caused by the HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116304, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116304, China
| | - Hongxu Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116304, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116304, China
| | - Guoku Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116304, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116304, China
| | - Jingzhu Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116304, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116304, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116304, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116304, China
| | - Ningbo Qin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116304, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116304, China
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Dark Sweet Cherry ( Prunus avium) Supplementation Reduced Blood Pressure and Pro-Inflammatory Interferon Gamma (IFNγ) in Obese Adults without Affecting Lipid Profile, Glucose Levels and Liver Enzymes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030681. [PMID: 36771387 PMCID: PMC9920461 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dark sweet cherries (DSC) are rich in fiber and polyphenols that decrease risk factors associated with obesity. This single-blind randomized placebo-controlled study investigated DSC effects on inflammation, cardiometabolic, and liver health biomarkers in obese adults. Participants (>18 years, body mass index (BMI) = 30-40 kg/m2) consumed 200 mL of DSC drink (juice supplemented with DSC powder) (n = 19) or a placebo drink (n = 21) twice/day for 30 days. Anthropometric and physiological biomarkers were monitored at baseline (D1), mid-point (D15), and endpoint (D30) visits. Blood inflammatory biomarkers were assessed at D1, D15, and D30, and blood lipids, glucose, and liver enzymes at D1 and D30. DSC consumption lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.05) and decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) compared to placebo (p = 0.04). Stratification of participants by BMI revealed a greater (p = 0.008) SBP reduction in BMI > 35 participants. DSC lowered pro-inflammatory interferon-gamma (IFNγ) (p = 0.001), which correlated with SBP changes. The interleukin (IL)-1RA and SBP changes were correlated in the placebo group, as well as triglycerides (TG) with DBP. The increased IL-10 levels in the placebo group suggested a compensatory mechanism to counteract elevated IFNγ levels. No significant between-group differences were detected for blood lipids, glucose, and liver enzymes. In conclusion, DSC helped to decrease blood pressure levels and inflammation in obese adults.
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Jiménez-Aspee F, Pospiech J, Bauer S, Sus N, Kufer TA, Frank J. Prumnopitys Andina Fruit Extract Activates Liver X Receptors after In Vitro Digestion. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200377. [PMID: 36267033 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) is the main phytochemical present in the fresh arils of Prumnopitys andina. 20E is reported to have anabolic effects by modulation of gene transcription by interaction with nuclear receptors. Our aim is to evaluate the in vitro bioaccessibility, transepithelial transport of 20E, and the capacity of P. andina fruit extract and 20E to activate selected mammalian nuclear receptors in transiently transfected human cells after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. RESULTS 20E shows good stability, solubility, and micellization after in vitro digestion. 20E is taken up by Caco-2 cells, but poorly transported through the epithelial cell membrane, possibly due to P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux. In transiently transfected HepG2 cells, the fruit extract significantly induces the signal intensity for the liver X receptor (LXR)-α and -β by 1.6 and 1.4-fold, respectively. In contrast, the treatment with 20E, irrespective of its concentration, did not change the activity of both LXR receptors. No effects are observed for the pregnane X receptor or the constitutive androstane receptor. CONCLUSION Our findings show that components of the digested P. andina extract other than 20E are responsible for the effects on LXR-α and -β. Our findings open new perspectives on the potential role of P. andina fruits in cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Jiménez-Aspee
- Department of Food Biofunctionality (140b), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Pospiech
- Department of Food Biofunctionality (140b), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Bauer
- Department of Immunology (180b), Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruhwirthstrasse 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nadine Sus
- Department of Food Biofunctionality (140b), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- Department of Immunology (180b), Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruhwirthstrasse 12, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality (140b), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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10
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Li XY, Liu H, Zhang LY, Yang XT. The association of healthy eating index with periodontitis in National Health and Nutrition Examination Study 2011–2012. Front Nutr 2022; 9:999620. [PMID: 36225873 PMCID: PMC9549051 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.999620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by periodontopathic bacteria that causes inflammation of the supporting tissues around teeth. Previous studies have found that daily dietary nutritional intake can influence the development of periodontal disease. However, research on the Healthy Eating Index’s involvement in periodontitis is limited. The purpose of this study was to look at the link between the Healthy Eating Index and periodontitis. Methods and design We examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES), a nationally representative survey that was performed in 2-year cycles from 2011 to 2012. As part of our investigation, we used multivariate logistic regression models to investigate the independent relationship between the Healthy Eating Index and periodontitis. We used odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals to assess the significance of the connection (95% CI). Results Individuals with a lower total healthy eating index were more likely to have periodontitis. A higher healthy diet index was associated with a lower prevalence of periodontitis (OR = 0.69; 95%CI: 0.49–0.97), according to adjusted multivariate regression models. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis revealed that the non-linear relationship between HEI-2015 and periodontitis was statistically significant and that high HEI-2015 reduced periodontitis prevalence. Conclusion The study’s findings revealed that dietary structure was linked to the prevalence of periodontitis. Patients with a higher Healthy Eating Index were less likely to have periodontitis. There is a need for future prospective longitudinal studies to confirm causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-yu Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-yu Zhang
- The Department of Kidney Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi-tao Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xi-tao Yang,
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11
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Li XY, Wen MZ, Xu YH, Shen YC, Yang XT. The association of healthy eating index with periodontitis in NHANES 2013-2014. Front Nutr 2022; 9:968073. [PMID: 36017231 PMCID: PMC9395606 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.968073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease is very common worldwide and is one of the main causes of tooth loss in adults. Periodontal disease is characterized by chronic inflammation that can destroy adjacent alveolar bone and lead to a loss of periodontal ligaments. Although previous studies have found that a daily diet can influence the development of periodontal disease (e.g., a diet low in carbohydrates and rich in vitamins C and D and fiber can have a protective effect). Periodontal disease may present as gingivitis or periodontitis. However, studies on the role of healthy eating index in periodontitis are lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between healthy eating index and periodontitis. Methods We analyzed data collected from participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative survey conducted in 2-year cycles from 2013 to 2014. As part of our analysis, we developed multivariate logistic regression models to examine the independent association between the healthy eating index and periodontitis. We evaluated the significance of association using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results Individuals with a lower total healthy eating index had a higher prevalence of periodontitis. Adjusted multivariate regression models showed that a higher healthy diet index was associated with a lower prevalence of periodontitis (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.55-0.86, P < 0.05). Conclusion The results of the study showed that dietary structure was associated with the prevalence of periodontitis. Patients with a higher healthy eating index had a lower prevalence of periodontitis. These findings will need to be confirmed by longitudinal, prospective studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Wen
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hua Xu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chen Shen
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Tao Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Chen Y, Qie X, Quan W, Zeng M, Qin F, Chen J, Adhikari B, He Z. Omnifarious fruit polyphenols: an omnipotent strategy to prevent and intervene diabetes and related complication? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-37. [PMID: 34792409 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome which cannot be cured. Recently, considerable interest has been focused on food ingredients to prevent and intervene in complications of diabetes. Polyphenolic compounds are one of the bioactive phytochemical constituents with various biological activities, which have drawn increasing interest in human health. Fruits are part of the polyphenol sources in daily food consumption. Fruit-derived polyphenols possess the anti-diabetic activity that has already been proved either from in vitro studies or in vivo studies. The mechanisms of fruit polyphenols in treating diabetes and related complications are under discussion. This is a comprehensive review on polyphenols from the edible parts of fruits, including those from citrus, berries, apples, cherries, mangoes, mangosteens, pomegranates, and other fruits regarding their potential benefits in preventing and treating diabetes mellitus. The signal pathways of characteristic polyphenols derived from fruits in reducing high blood glucose and intervening hyperglycemia-induced diabetic complications were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejiao Qie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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13
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de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea M, Fernández-Ochoa Á, Del Carmen Villegas-Aguilar M, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A. Therapeutic Targets for Phenolic Compounds from Agro-industrial Byproducts against Obesity. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1083-1098. [PMID: 34544333 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210920103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is considered as a global epidemic worldwide. This disorder is associated to several health effects such as metabolic disturbances that need both prevention and treatment actions. In this sense, bioactive secondary metabolites can be obtained from cheap sources such as agro-industrial waste providing a sustainable alternative against obesity. Among these secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds present a common chemical structure core with different substitutions that provides them biological properties such as antioxidant, inflammatory, anti-aging capacities. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to compile anti-obesity therapeutic targets for phenolic compounds from agro-industrial byproducts. METHOD Scientific information has been obtained from different databases such as Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar in order to select the available full text studies in last years. RESULTS This review shows that peel, seed, pomace and other byproducts from agro-industry have different effects inhibiting enzymes related to lipid or glucose metabolism and modulating biomarkers, genes and gut microbiota in animal models. CONCLUSION Revalorizing actions of agro-industrial byproducts in the prevention or treatment of obesity or associated disorders can be considered to develop new high value products that act on lipid, glucose and energy metabolisms, oxidative stress, inflammation, adipose tissue or gut microbiota. However, further human studies are need in order to stablish the optimal administration parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin. Germany
| | | | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada. Spain
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14
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Prunus avium L. (Sweet Cherry) By-Products: A Source of Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperglycemic Properties—A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Prunus avium L. (sweet cherry) is one of the most appreciated fruit due to its organoleptic and nutritional value. Interestingly, cherry leaves, stems, and flowers are agri-food by-products rich in bioactive compounds that are mostly still unexploited. Stems and leaves have been used in folk medicine since ancient times. Recently, cherry flowers have also proved to be an interesting source of compounds with therapeutic properties. Phenolic compounds, namely hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids, are the most present phytochemicals in P. avium fruits and their by-products. These compounds have shown a good antioxidant potential to prevent oxidative stress-related diseases and glycemic control, fundamental in preventing and controlling diabetes mellitus. The present review summarizes the main phenolics found in P. avium stems, leaves, and flowers as compared to their fruits and describes their antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties. Thus, these by-products are an accessible and low-cost source of bioactive constituents with interesting health-promoting properties, making their use promising in diabetes therapy.
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15
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Li T, Yang Y, Wang X, Dai W, Zhang L, Piao C. Flavonoids derived from buckwheat hull can break advanced glycation end-products and improve diabetic nephropathy. Food Funct 2021; 12:7161-7170. [PMID: 34169956 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most important complication in patients with diabetes. The accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) is the main reason for the development of DN. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of buckwheat hull flavonoids to break AGEs in vitro by measuring fluorescence analysis, three-dimensional fluorescence, protein molecular weight, free amino groups, and the sulfhydryl group content. Proteomics analysis was used to determine the effect of total buckwheat hull flavonoids (TBHF) intervention on protein differential expression in the kidney of db/db mice. The results showed that buckwheat hull flavonoids were potent in breaking AGEs in vitro, and they protected mice kidneys by regulating the renal AGE-RAGE pathway. This study lays a strong experimental and theoretical foundation for the development of new lysing agents to break AGEs. The findings should make an important contribution to the field of flavonoids in improving the application of diabetic nephropathy in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China.
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16
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Bayram HM, Majoo FM, Ozturkcan A. Polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An update of preclinical and clinical studies. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:1-14. [PMID: 34330452 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most urgent problems to be solved. To date, only a lifestyle modification related to diet and physical activity is considered for these patients. Polyphenols are a group of plant natural products that when regularly consumed has been related to a reduction in the risk of several metabolic disorders associated with NAFLD. In this study, we aimed to present an overview of the relationship between polyphenols and NAFLD with current approaches. METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search for articles on polyphenols and NAFLD published in English between January 2018 to August 2020. Keywords included in this review: "Phenolic" OR "Polyphenol" AND "Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease". The editorials, communications and conference abstracts were excluded. RESULTS Different polyphenols decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines in both serum and liver that contribute to a decrease in fatty liver dysfunction. Additionally, polyphenols may improve the regulation of adipokines and prevent hepatic steatosis. According to human clinical studies, polyphenols are promising for NAFLD patients and associated diseases that lead to NAFLD. CONCLUSION Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that various polyphenols could prevent steatosis and its progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, as well as ameliorate NAFLD. However, more clinical studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Merve Bayram
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcilar, 34310, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fuzail Mohammed Majoo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcilar, 34310, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Arda Ozturkcan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Gelisim University, Avcilar, 34310, Istanbul, Turkey.
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17
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Fonseca LRS, Silva GR, Luís Â, Cardoso HJ, Correia S, Vaz CV, Duarte AP, Socorro S. Sweet Cherries as Anti-Cancer Agents: From Bioactive Compounds to Function. Molecules 2021; 26:2941. [PMID: 34063349 PMCID: PMC8156356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) are among the most appreciated fruits worldwide because of their organoleptic properties and nutritional value. The accurate phytochemical composition and nutritional value of sweet cherries depends on the climatic region, cultivar, and bioaccessibility and bioavailability of specific compounds. Nevertheless, sweet cherry extracts are highly enriched in several phenolic compounds with relevant bioactivity. Over the years, technological advances in chemical analysis and fields as varied as proteomics, genomics and bioinformatics, have allowed the detailed characterization of the sweet cherry bioactive phytonutrients and their biological function. In this context, the effect of sweet cherries on suppressing important events in the carcinogenic process, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, was widely documented. Interestingly, results from our research group and others have widened the action of sweet cherries to many hallmarks of cancer, namely metabolic reprogramming. The present review discusses the anticarcinogenic potential of sweet cherries by addressing their phytochemical composition, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of specific bioactive compounds, and the existing knowledge concerning the effects against oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, deregulated cell proliferation and apoptosis, invasion and metastization, and metabolic alterations. Globally, this review highlights the prospective use of sweet cherries as a dietary supplement or in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R. S. Fonseca
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal; (L.R.S.F.); (Â.L.); (H.J.C.); (S.C.); (C.V.V.)
| | - Gonçalo R. Silva
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
| | - Ângelo Luís
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal; (L.R.S.F.); (Â.L.); (H.J.C.); (S.C.); (C.V.V.)
| | - Henrique J. Cardoso
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal; (L.R.S.F.); (Â.L.); (H.J.C.); (S.C.); (C.V.V.)
| | - Sara Correia
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal; (L.R.S.F.); (Â.L.); (H.J.C.); (S.C.); (C.V.V.)
| | - Cátia V. Vaz
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal; (L.R.S.F.); (Â.L.); (H.J.C.); (S.C.); (C.V.V.)
| | - Ana P. Duarte
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal; (L.R.S.F.); (Â.L.); (H.J.C.); (S.C.); (C.V.V.)
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal; (L.R.S.F.); (Â.L.); (H.J.C.); (S.C.); (C.V.V.)
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Kuddus SA, Tasnim Z, Shohag MH, Yasmin T, Uddin MS, Hossain MM, Subhan N, Alam MA, Khan F. Dillenia Indica Fruit Extract Suppressed Diet-induced Obesity in Rats by Down-regulating the mRNA Level of Proadipogenic Transcription Factors and Lipid Metabolizing Enzymes. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999200901173319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Dillenia indica (Family: Dilleniaceae) is an antioxidant-rich edible fruitbearing
medicinal plant. The fruit of this plant (known as elephant apple) has many uses in traditional
medicine.
Objective:
By considering its antioxidant content and ameliorating effects, this study aimed to evaluate
the anti-adipogenic effects of D. indica fruit extract (DIFE) on high-fat diet (HFD) fed obese
rats.
Methods:
Male Wistar rats were fed with a standard diet (SD), or high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD
with 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg DIFE for 8 weeks. The fruit extract was given orally
by feeding gavage. The body weight, liver weight, visceral fat weight, plasma lipids, and oxidative
stress-related parameters were measured. The mRNA level of different adipogenesis related transcription
factors, lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes was also evaluated.
Results:
Consumption of DIFE daily (400 mg/kg) for 8 weeks resulted in a significant reduction of
high-fat diet-induced body weight, liver weight, visceral fat weight, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol
level. High-fat diet-mediated elevation of oxidative stress markers was also lowered,
with a parallel augmentation of the activities of antioxidant enzymes, due to 400 mg/kg DIFE feeding.
DIFE also down-regulated the mRNA level of important pro-adipogenic factors like PPARγ,
LXRα, and SREBP1c which consequently downregulated the transcript levels of lipogenic enzymes:
ACC, FAS, HMGCR, and DGAT. The transcript level of lipolytic enzyme, HSL was also
down-regulated in 400 mg/kg DIFE-fed rats.
Conclusion:
These findings indicate that the antioxidant-rich ethanolic extract of D. indica fruit
can down-regulate the gene expression of pro-adipogenic transcription factors and lipid metabolizing
enzymes and thus can suppress diet-induced obesity in Wistar rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A. Kuddus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Zarin Tasnim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Hasanuzzaman Shohag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Yasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad M. Hossain
- North South University, Genome Research Institute (NGRI), Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Subhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Ferdous Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Block B, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
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19
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Kuddus SA, Bhuiyan MI, Subhan N, Shohag MH, Rahman A, Hossain MM, Alam MA, Khan F. Antioxidant-rich Tamarindus indica L. leaf extract reduced high-fat diet-induced obesity in rat through modulation of gene expression. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Different parts of the medicinal plant Tamarindus indica L. are full of phytochemicals that are able to reduce elevated blood pressure, blood sugar and lipids. These pharmacological effects are due to the presence of antioxidant type compounds in those parts of the plant. This study was aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of anti-obesity effects of ethanolic extract of T. indica L. leaves (TILE) through the evaluation of biochemical parameters and gene expression analysis in high-fat diet (HFD) consuming Wistar rats.
Methods
Male Wistar rats were supplied with a standard diet (SD), or HFD, or HFD with 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg TILE for 8 weeks. The body weight, liver weight, fat weight, plasma lipids, and oxidative stress-related parameters were measured. The transcript levels of different adipogenesis related transcription factors, lipogenic enzymes, and lipolytic enzymes were also evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR.
Result
Phytochemical analysis demonstrated that TILE is enriched with a substantial level of polyphenols (287.20 ± 9.21 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (107.52 ± 11.12 mg QE/g extract) which might be the reason of significant antioxidant and radical scavenging activities. Feeding of TILE (400 mg/kg/day) to HFD-fed rats increased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase which is reflected as a significant reduction of oxidative stress markers like nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. TILE (400 mg/kg/day) feeding also down-regulated the mRNA levels of proadipogenic transcription factors including liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) in diet-induced obese rats. As a consequence of this, the mRNA level of lipogenic enzymes like acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), and HMG-CoA reductase was down-regulated with a parallel up-regulation of the transcript level of lipolytic enzyme, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL).
Conclusion
Observations from this study indicate that antioxidant-rich TILE can reduce HFD-induced body weight, fat weight and liver weight as well as blood lipids through down-regulating the gene expression of proadipogenic transcription factors and lipogenic enzymes with a concerted diminution of the gene expression of lipolytic enzyme, HSL.
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Effect of Caesalpinia bonduc Polyphenol Extract on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats in Attenuating Hyperglycemia by Upregulating Insulin Secretion and Inhibiting JNK Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9020219. [PMID: 32256963 PMCID: PMC7103044 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Caesalpinia bonduc has been used in herbal medicines for the treatment of a wide range of diseases from decades. The present study has explored the remedial potential and underlying mechanism of polyphenol extract of Caesalpinia bonduc in alloxanized diabetic rats. HPLC/MS analysis confirmed the presence of phenolics in considerable concentrations in Caesalpinia bonduc extract. Administration of different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of CPP extract to hyperglycemic rats for 8 weeks restored blood and serum glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, leptin, amylin, and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes level towards normal compared to alloxanized diabetic group. The effect of CPP extract on various genes such as Pdx-1, Ins-1, ngn-3, GLUT-4, and IRS-1 in insulin signaling pathway and Traf-4, Traf-6, and Mapk-8 in MAPK downstream JNK cascade was examined through qRT-PCR to access the core molecular mechanism involved in CPP-induced recovery of diabetes. Results have revealed that CPP extract reduced oxidative stress in pancreatic β cells by restoring free radical scavenging potential, reducing the mRNA expression of Mapk-8, Traf-4, and Traf-6, and increasing the Pdx-1, Ins-1, ngn-3, GLUT-4, and IRS-1 expression ensuing regeneration of β cells and subsequent insulin release from pancreas. The results obtained in this study recommend that CPP extract may be a promising therapeutic restorative agent in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Dziadek K, Kopeć A, Piątkowska E, Leszczyńska T. High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders Were Counteracted by the Intake of Fruit and Leaves of Sweet Cherry in Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112638. [PMID: 31684199 PMCID: PMC6893591 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have indicated that the use of plants rich in bioactive compounds may reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate how the addition of fruit and leaves to high-fructose diet affects lipid metabolism, including the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in the liver and adipose tissue, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation in Wistar rats. The animals were fed with AIN-93G diet, high fructose (HFr) diet, HFr diet with addition of 5% or 10% freeze-dried fruits, and HFr diet with addition of 1% or 3% freeze-dried leaves. The experiment lasted 12 weeks. The results showed that the intake of fruit and leaves of sweet cherry caused the improvement of the liver function, as well as beneficially affected lipid metabolism, among others, by regulating the expression of genes associated with fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation. Additionally, they exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, the addition of fruit and leaves reduced the adverse changes arising from the consumption of high fructose diet. Therefore, not only commonly consumed fruits, but also leaves can be potentially used as functional foods. These findings may be helpful in prevention and treatment of the obesity-related metabolic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Dziadek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St., 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Aneta Kopeć
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St., 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Piątkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St., 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Teresa Leszczyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St., 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
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22
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Yanar K, Coskun ZM, Beydogan AB, Aydin S, Bolkent S. The effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on Krüppel-like factor-4 expression, redox homeostasis, and inflammation in the kidney of diabetic rat. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16219-16228. [PMID: 31081965 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex, multifactorial disorder that is attributed to pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pancreatic β cell dysfunction results in declining utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues as kidney and it leads to nephropathy. Excessive production and accumulation of free radicals and incapable antioxidant defense system lead to impaired redox status. Macromolecular damage may occur due to impaired redox status and also immune imbalance. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main active ingredient in cannabis. THC acts as an immunomodulator and an antioxidant agent. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of THC in the diabetic kidney. We analyzed macromolecular damage biomarkers as protein carbonyl (PCO), lipid hydroperoxide (LHP), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and antioxidant defense system biomarkers as thiol fractions (T-SH, NP-SH, P-SH) and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase activity for the antioxidative effects of THC. Furthermore, mRNA expression of Krüppel-like factor-4, secreted immunopositive cell number changes of interleukin-6, nuclear factor κβ (NF-κβ), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels were analyzed for the immunomodulatory activity of THC. Diabetic rats showed significantly increased levels of PCO, LHP, MDA, and 8-OHdG when compared with controls (P < 0.05 for each parameter). THC significantly reduced the elevated levels of PCO and 8-OHdG (P < 0.05 for both parameters) and also LHP and MDA levels were insignificantly reduced by THC. Also, thiol fractions insignificantly increased in THC administered diabetic kidney when compared with diabetic rats. The NF-κβ cell number significantly decreased in the diabetic rats treated with THC compared with the diabetic group. According to our data, THC has ameliorative effects on the impaired redox status of diabetic kidney and also it acts as an immunomodulator. Therefore, THC might be used as a therapeutic agent for diabetic kidneys but its usage in the healthy kidney may show adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Yanar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Mine Coskun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alisa Bahar Beydogan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Bolkent
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Blando F, Oomah BD. Sweet and sour cherries: Origin, distribution, nutritional composition and health benefits. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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