1
|
Xie Z, Li C, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Jiang J, Guo H. YOLOv5s-BiPCNeXt, a Lightweight Model for Detecting Disease in Eggplant Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2303. [PMID: 39204740 PMCID: PMC11359194 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Ensuring the healthy growth of eggplants requires the precise detection of leaf diseases, which can significantly boost yield and economic income. Improving the efficiency of plant disease identification in natural scenes is currently a crucial issue. This study aims to provide an efficient detection method suitable for disease detection in natural scenes. A lightweight detection model, YOLOv5s-BiPCNeXt, is proposed. This model utilizes the MobileNeXt backbone to reduce network parameters and computational complexity and includes a lightweight C3-BiPC neck module. Additionally, a multi-scale cross-spatial attention mechanism (EMA) is integrated into the neck network, and the nearest neighbor interpolation algorithm is replaced with the content-aware feature recombination operator (CARAFE), enhancing the model's ability to perceive multidimensional information and extract multiscale disease features and improving the spatial resolution of the disease feature map. These improvements enhance the detection accuracy for eggplant leaves, effectively reducing missed and incorrect detections caused by complex backgrounds and improving the detection and localization of small lesions at the early stages of brown spot and powdery mildew diseases. Experimental results show that the YOLOv5s-BiPCNeXt model achieves an average precision (AP) of 94.9% for brown spot disease, 95.0% for powdery mildew, and 99.5% for healthy leaves. Deployed on a Jetson Orin Nano edge detection device, the model attains an average recognition speed of 26 FPS (Frame Per Second), meeting real-time requirements. Compared to other algorithms, YOLOv5s-BiPCNeXt demonstrates superior overall performance, accurately detecting plant diseases under natural conditions and offering valuable technical support for the prevention and treatment of eggplant leaf diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhedong Xie
- College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.X.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Chao Li
- College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.X.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Zhuang Yang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.X.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.X.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Jiazhuo Jiang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.X.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Hongyu Guo
- College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.X.); (C.L.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.J.)
- Electronic Information Technology Research Department, Jilin Province Agricultural Internet of Things Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Changchun 130118, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cammareri M, Frary A, Frary A, Grandillo S. Genetic and Biotechnological Approaches to Improve Fruit Bioactive Content: A Focus on Eggplant and Tomato Anthocyanins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6811. [PMID: 38928516 PMCID: PMC11204163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a large group of water-soluble flavonoid pigments. These specialized metabolites are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and play an essential role not only in plant reproduction and dispersal but also in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Anthocyanins are recognized as important health-promoting and chronic-disease-preventing components in the human diet. Therefore, interest in developing food crops with improved levels and compositions of these important nutraceuticals is growing. This review focuses on work conducted to elucidate the genetic control of the anthocyanin pathway and modulate anthocyanin content in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), two solanaceous fruit vegetables of worldwide relevance. While anthocyanin levels in eggplant fruit have always been an important quality trait, anthocyanin-based, purple-fruited tomato cultivars are currently a novelty. As detailed in this review, this difference in the anthocyanin content of the cultivated germplasm has largely influenced genetic studies as well as breeding and transgenic approaches to improve the anthocyanin content/profile of these two important solanaceous crops. The information provided should be of help to researchers and breeders in devising strategies to address the increasing consumer demand for nutraceutical foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cammareri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Research Division Portici, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Amy Frary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA;
| | - Anne Frary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35433, Turkey
| | - Silvana Grandillo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Research Division Portici, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Villanueva G, Vilanova S, Plazas M. Characterization of Browning, Chlorogenic Acid Content, and Polyphenol Oxidase Activity in Different Varietal Types of Eggplant ( Solanum melongena) for Improving Visual and Nutritional Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1059. [PMID: 38674468 PMCID: PMC11054883 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) breeding for fruit quality has mostly focused on visual traits and nutritional and bioactive compounds, including chlorogenic acid. However, higher contents of chlorogenic acid may lead to more pronounced fruit flesh browning. We examined a diverse collection of 59 eggplant accessions across five varietal types ('black oval', 'striped', 'anthocyanin-free', 'purple', and 'black elongated') to evaluate the degree of browning, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and chlorogenic acid (CGA) content. The results reveal moderate correlations among these traits, with no clear differences among the varietal types, suggesting that other factors, including genetic variation, might significantly influence these traits. Notably, 'black oval' accessions demonstrated higher browning and PPO activity, whereas 'striped' accessions showed low variability. The identification of genotypes with lower browning and higher CGA content highlights opportunities for targeted genotype selection to improve eggplant chlorogenic acid content while maintaining low or moderate browning, pointing towards the importance of genetic considerations in breeding strategies to reduce browning and enhance nutritional value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Villanueva
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (S.V.); (M.P.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qi J, Wang X, Zhang T, Li C, Wang Z. Adult Feeding Experience Determines the Fecundity and Preference of the Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). BIOLOGY 2024; 13:250. [PMID: 38666862 PMCID: PMC11048397 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Both larvae and adults of the Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata feed on leaves of potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants. Given the variation in planting times of host plants in the Jianghan Plain, host switching between larvae and adults of H. vigintioctopunctata is inevitable to ensure continuous food availability. We evaluated the effect of consistent versus diverse larval and adult host plant feeding experience on growth performance, fecundity, longevity, and feeding preferences of H. vigintioctopunctata through match-mismatch experiments. Host plant quality significantly influences larval development and adult reproduction. Potatoes are identified as the optimal host plant for H. vigintioctopunctata, whereas eggplants significantly negatively affect the adult fecundity. Adult stage host feeding experience determines the fecundity of H. vigintioctopunctata, irrespective of the larval feeding experience. The fecundity of H. vigintioctopunctata adults on eggplant leaves remains significantly lower than that observed on potato leaves. Similarly, adult H. vigintioctopunctata demonstrate a preference for consuming potato leaves, irrespective of the larval feeding experience. Although host switching between larval and adult stages offers lesser benefits for the performance of herbivorous insects compared to a consistent diet with potato leaves, it maintains H. vigintioctopunctata population continuity amidst shortages of high-quality potato hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zailing Wang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Institute of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (J.Q.); (X.W.); (T.Z.); (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Jiang S, Yang G, Li L, Li J, Yang F. The MYB transcription factor SmMYB113 directly regulates ethylene-dependent flower abscission in eggplant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 209:108544. [PMID: 38520965 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Flower abscission is an important developmental process that can significantly reduce the yield of horticultural plants. We previously reported that SmMYB113 is a key transcription factor promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis and improve fruit quality. However, the overexpression of SmMYB113 in eggplant increased flower drop rate and reduced fruit yield. Here, we elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of SmMYB113 on flower abscission in eggplant. RNA-seq analysis indicated that the regulation of flower abscission by SmMYB113 was associated with altered expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction, including ethylene biosynthetic genes SmACS1, SmACS8 and SmACO4. Then, the ethylene content in flowers and the function of ethephon (ETH, which promotes fruit ripening) and 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, which acts as an ethylene perception inhibitor) were analyzed, which revealed that SmMYB113 directly regulates ethylene-dependent flower abscission. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays revealed that SmMYB113 could directly bind to the promoters of SmACS1, SmACS8, and SmACO4 to activate their expression. Through construction of a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening library, the protein SmERF38 was found to interact with SmMYB113, and verified by Y2H, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), and luciferase complementation assay. Furthermore, dual-luciferase assays showed that SmERF38 enhanced the role of SmMYB113 on the promoters of SmACS1. Our results provided new insight into the molecular mechanism of flower abscission in eggplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Senlin Jiang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Guobin Yang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lujun Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong, 271018, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cai P, Lan Y, Gong F, Li C, Xia F, Li Y, Fang C. Identification and Molecular Characterization of the CAMTA Gene Family in Solanaceae with a Focus on the Expression Analysis of Eggplant Genes under Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2064. [PMID: 38396743 PMCID: PMC10888690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) is an important calmodulin-binding protein with a conserved structure in eukaryotes which is widely involved in plant stress response, growth and development, hormone signal transduction, and other biological processes. Although CAMTA genes have been identified and characterized in many plant species, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of CAMTA genes in the Solanaceae genome is performed for the first time in this study. A total of 28 CAMTA genes were identified using bioinformatics tools, and the biochemical/physicochemical properties of these proteins were investigated. CAMTA genes were categorized into three major groups according to phylogenetic analysis. Tissue-expression profiles indicated divergent spatiotemporal expression patterns of SmCAMTAs. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of SmCAMTA genes showed that exposure to cold induced differential expression of many eggplant CAMTA genes. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescent complementary assays suggested an interaction between SmCAMTA2 and SmERF1, promoting the transcription of the cold key factor SmCBF2, which may be an important mechanism for plant cold resistance. In summary, our results provide essential information for further functional research on Solanaceae family genes, and possibly other plant families, in the determination of the development of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cai
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yanhong Lan
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Fangyi Gong
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Chun Li
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Feng Xia
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao W, Sun X, Wang L, Sun Z, Zhang H, Zhong Q, Yang S. Metabolomics analysis of quality components metabolism during the growth process of pepino ( Solanum muricatum) fruit. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2283363. [PMID: 37976083 PMCID: PMC10761028 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2283363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pepino (Solanum muricatum), a horticultural crop that has experienced significant growth in the highlands of China over the past two decades, is widely embraced by consumers due to its distinctive taste and nutritional advantages. This study focused on the cultivar 'Qingcanxiang' of pepino grown on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was analyzed using UPLC-QTOF-MS and RNA-seq transcriptome sequencing. Fruit samples were collected at three distinct stages of development, and the results of the metabolomics and transcriptomics were compared and correlated. The study's findings indicate that the 'Qingcanxiang' fruit contained a total of 187 metabolites, comprising 12 distinct categories of compounds, including amino acids and their derivatives, organic acids, sugars and alcohols, phenols and phenolic acids. Of these metabolites, 94 were identified as differential. Significant variations in nutrient composition were observed across the three growth stages of the fruit. Specifically, the stage spanning from the growth to the maturation was identified as the critical stages for nutrient accumulation and flavor development. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed a set of highly associated genes between aspartate and quinic acid, namely SIR2, IRAK4, RP-L29, and CCNH. These genes are potentially involved in the regulation of both amino acid and phenolic acid synthesis. Through the application of metabolomics and transcriptomics, this investigation elucidates the alterations in metabolites and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms of pepino fruits during three growth stages. The findings furnish a theoretical foundation for the evaluation of nutritional quality and the enhancement of breeding strategies for pepino.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhao
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhu Sun
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Huajing Zhang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qiwen Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shipeng Yang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Verhulst EP, Brunton NP, Rai DK. Polyphenols in Agricultural Grassland Crops and Their Health-Promoting Activities-A Review. Foods 2023; 12:4122. [PMID: 38002180 PMCID: PMC10670144 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Grassland crops are emerging reservoirs of undisturbed, natural antioxidants and phytochemicals, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. The present review will focus on the most commonly cultivated crops, namely Lolium perenne L, Cichorium intybus L, Plantago lanceolata L. and Trifolium pratense L, which have been recognized for their polyphenolic composition. However, these crops are often undervalued and underutilized, yet have the means of potentially creating novel, value-added food and nutraceutical products. Previous studies relating to these crops have identified them as rich sources of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, daidzein, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin. The key to harnessing the hidden potential of these species is the recovery, identification, and characterization of the phytochemicals they contain. Considering the upsurge of research studies on alternative plant-based diets for the health of humans and the planet earth, there is a necessity to understand the phytochemical composition and the bioactivity that they possess. This review summarizes recovery methods of phytochemicals from the aforementioned grassland crops and their compositional and functional (antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic) characterization and discusses the potential for grassland crops as an abundant reservoir of health-promoting ingredients which can increase the nutritional composition within novel food innovations or within nutraceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily P. Verhulst
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
- The School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Nigel P. Brunton
- The School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Dilip K. Rai
- Department of Food BioSciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ghosh R, Metze D, Sant S, Shaikh M, Deshpande A, Firake DM, Pandit S. Chemical ecology of Himalayan eggplant variety's antixenosis: identification of geraniol as an oviposition deterrent against the eggplant shoot and fruit borer. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1259-1274. [PMID: 36918501 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) suffers severe losses due to a multi-insecticide-resistant lepidopteran pest, shoot and fruit borer (SFB, Leucinodes orbonalis). Heavy and combinatorial application of pesticides for SFB control renders eggplant risky for human consumption. We observed that gravid SFB females do not oviposit on Himalayan eggplant variety RC-RL-22 (RL22). We hypothesized that RL22 contained an antixenosis factor. Females' behavior indicated that the RL22 cue they perceived was olfactory. To identify it, leaf volatile blends of seven eggplant varieties were profiled using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Seven RL22-specific compounds were detected in the plant headspace. In choice assays, oviposition deterrence efficacies of these candidate compounds were independently tested by their foliar application on SFB-susceptible varieties. Complementation of geraniol, which was exclusively found in RL22, reduced oviposition (> 90%). To validate geraniol's role in RL22's SFB-deterrence, we characterized RL22's geraniol synthase and silenced its gene in planta, using virus-induced gene silencing. Geraniol biosynthesis suppression rendered RL22 SFB-susceptible; foliar geraniol application on the geraniol synthase-silenced plants restored oviposition deterrence. We infer that geraniol is RL22's SFB oviposition deterrent. The use of natural compounds like geraniol, which influence the chemical ecology of oviposition, can reduce the load of hazardous synthetic larvicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Ghosh
- Agricultural Biotechnology and Chemical Ecology (ABCE) Lab, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Dennis Metze
- Agricultural Biotechnology and Chemical Ecology (ABCE) Lab, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Surhud Sant
- Agricultural Biotechnology and Chemical Ecology (ABCE) Lab, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Maroof Shaikh
- Agricultural Biotechnology and Chemical Ecology (ABCE) Lab, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Ashish Deshpande
- Agricultural Biotechnology and Chemical Ecology (ABCE) Lab, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar M Firake
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, India
- ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411036, India
| | - Sagar Pandit
- Agricultural Biotechnology and Chemical Ecology (ABCE) Lab, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan Y, Wang W, Hu T, Hu H, Wang J, Wei Q, Bao C. Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Effects of Grafting on Nutritional Properties in Eggplant. Foods 2023; 12:3082. [PMID: 37628081 PMCID: PMC10453275 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Grafting has a significant impact on the botany properties, commercial character, disease resistance, and productivity of eggplants. However, the mechanism of phenotypic modulation on grafted eggplants is rarely reported. In this study, a widely cultivated eggplant (Solanum. melongena cv. 'Zheqie No.10') was selected as the scion and grafted, respectively, onto four rootstocks of TOR (S. torvum), Sa (S. aculeatissimum), SS (S. sisymbriifolium), and Sm64R (S. melongena cv. 'Qiezhen No. 64R') for phenotypic screening. Physiological and biochemical analysis showed the rootstock Sm64R could improve the fruit quality with the increasing of fruit size, yield, and the contents of total soluble solid, phenolic acid, total amino acid, total sugar, and vitamin C. To further investigate the improvement of fruit quality on Sm64R, a transcriptome and a metabolome between the Sm64R-grafted eggplant and self-grafted eggplant were performed. Significant differences in metabolites, such as phenolic acids, lipids, nucleotides and derivatives, alkaloids, terpenoids, and amino acids, were observed. Differential metabolites and differentially expressed genes were found to be abundant in three core pathways of nutritional qualities, including biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, phospholipids, and nucleotide metabolism. Thus, this study may provide a novel insight into the effects of grafting on the fruit quality in eggplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chonglai Bao
- Institute of Vegetable, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.Y.); (W.W.); (T.H.); (H.H.); (J.W.); (Q.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lela L, Russo D, De Biasio F, Gorgoglione D, Ostuni A, Ponticelli M, Milella L. Solanum aethiopicum L. from the Basilicata Region Prevents Lipid Absorption, Fat Accumulation, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in OA-Treated HepG2 and Caco-2 Cell Lines. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2859. [PMID: 37571013 PMCID: PMC10421219 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is widely associated with intestine barrier impairment, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) outbreaks, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In a previous investigation, the Solanum aethiopicum L. growing in Basilicata Region has demonstrated to have antioxidant activity; hence this investigation was aimed to evaluate for the first time the antilipidemic and anti-inflammatory activity of the Lucanian S. aethiopicum L. peel extract in vitro on OA-treated HepG2 and Caco-2 cell lines. It was shown that the extract could reduce lipogenesis by down-regulating SREBP-1c and HMGCR expression and fatty acid β-oxidation by up-regulating PPARα, CPT1A, and UCP2 expression. In addition, the S. aethiopicum L. peel extract might also improve oxidative stress by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and regulating the Nrf2 and Nf-κB molecular pathways. Altogether, these results demonstrated for the first time the possible application of the Lucanian S. aethiopicum peel extract for preventing obesity and managing NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Lela
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (L.L.); (D.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (L.L.); (D.R.); (A.O.)
- Spinoff Bioactiplant s.r.l., Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | | | | | - Angela Ostuni
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (L.L.); (D.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (L.L.); (D.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (L.L.); (D.R.); (A.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rohini M, Jayapala N, Pushpalatha HG, Gavirangappa H, Puttaswamy H, Ramachandrappa NS. Biochemical, pathological and molecular characterisation of Phomopsis vexans: A causative of leaf blight and fruit rot in brinjal. Microb Pathog 2023; 179:106114. [PMID: 37060966 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The pathogen Phomopsis vexans causes leaf blight, fruit rot, and damping off in brinjal plants, all of which are extremely detrimental. The pathogen affects host plant photosynthetic efficiency and fruit quantity and quality. An appreciation of the pathogenicity of P. vexans is essential for the effective control of infections in the field. Consequently, the goal of this study was to characterise P. vexans in terms of their biochemistry, molecular diversity, and pathogenicity. In terms of cellulase (97.7 U), catalase (12.2 U), and ascorbate peroxidase (147.3 U) activity, isolate PV1 performed best, followed by PV5 (CL-97.0 U, CAT-11.1 U and APX-144.4 U), and PV8 (CL-88.8 U, CAT-9.8 U and APX-141.9 U). In a greenhouse pathogenicity test, isolate PV1 had the highest incidence (97%) and severity (88.6%) of disease, whereas isolate PV6 showed the lowest incidence (57.2%) and severity (70%) of disease. The biochemical enzyme activity of P. vexans corresponds well with its greenhouse pathogenicity results, and its combination can be exploited to identify pathogenic P. vexans isolates. Using RAPD and ISSR primers, molecular characterisation indicated genetic diversity but could not distinguish isolates by geographical origin or pathogenicity. The pathogen P. vexans was verified by ITS1 and ITS4 molecular analysis, and the sequences were subsequently deposited in the NCBI database. In conclusion, the enzyme activity relevant to pathogenicity (CL, CAT and APX) in conjunction with the in-vivo pathogenicity assay might be utilised to differentiate between pathogenic (virulent) and non-pathogenic (avirulent) P. vexans isolates and develop suitable disease management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rohini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Jayapala
- Department of Biochemistry, CFTRI, Mysore, 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - H G Pushpalatha
- Department of Botany, Maharani's Science College for Women (Autonomous), Mysuru, 570 001, Karnataka, India.
| | | | - Hariprasad Puttaswamy
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang W, Yamaguchi S, Koyama M, Nakamura K. Evaluation of the Antihypertensive Activity of Eggplant Acetylcholine and γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062835. [PMID: 36985807 PMCID: PMC10051710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily consumption of eggplant powder containing 2.3 mg acetylcholine (ACh) is known to alleviate hypertension and improve mental status. However, eggplant powder used in clinical trials also contains the antihypertensive compound γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Although our previous study indicated that the main antihypertensive compound in eggplant is ACh, given that GABA amounts in eggplant do not reach the effective dosage, the effects of GABA on the antihypertensive effect of eggplant remain unclear. It is necessary to establish whether there is a synergistic effect between GABA and ACh and whether GABA in eggplant exerts antihypertensive effects. Consequently, here we sought to evaluate the effects of GABA on the antihypertensive effects of eggplant. We used a probability sum (q) test to investigate the combined effects of ACh and GABA and prepared eggplant powder with very low ACh content for oral administration in animals. ACh and GABA exhibited additive effects but the GABA content in eggplants was not sufficient to promote a hypotensive effect. In conclusion, ACh is the main component associated with the antihypertensive effects of eggplant but GABA within eggplants has a minimal effect in this regard. Thus, compared with GABA, ACh could be a more effective functional food constituent for lowering blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamaguchi
- Wellnas Co., Ltd., 1-28-5 Koenjiminami, Suginami-Ku, Tokyo 166-0003, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Masahiro Koyama
- Wellnas Co., Ltd., 1-28-5 Koenjiminami, Suginami-Ku, Tokyo 166-0003, Japan
| | - Kozo Nakamura
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
- Institute of Agriculture, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Amulya PR, ul Islam R. Optimization of enzyme-assisted extraction of anthocyanins from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) peel. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100643. [PMID: 36968313 PMCID: PMC10031348 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) of total yield (TY), total anthocyanin content (TA), antioxidant activity (AOA) and total phenolic content (TPC) from eggplant peel was optimized using response surface methodology. Enzyme concentration (5-15 %), extraction temperature (35-60 °C) and maceration time (1-4.5 hrs) were used to optimize the process of extraction using a Central-Composite design. Optimum values of TY (71.45 %), TAC (578.66 mg C3G L-1), TPC (2040.87 mg GAE L-1), DPPH (79.92 %) and FRAP (29.90 mmol AAE/100 g) were obtained for the optimized extraction parameters viz., temperature (37.32 °C), enzyme concentration (5%) and extraction time (1 h). Further, a comparative study was also done between conventional extraction and enzyme-assisted extraction of eggplant peel. It was observed that the responses of the extract obtained by conventional method showed significant variation from that obtained by EAE indicating the superiority of latter.
Collapse
|
15
|
Xiao XO, Lin W, Feng E, Ou X. Transcriptome and metabolome response of eggplant against Ralstonia solanacearum infection. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14658. [PMID: 36647448 PMCID: PMC9840387 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial wilt is a soil-borne disease that represents ubiquitous threat to Solanaceae crops. The whole-root transcriptomes and metabolomes of bacterial wilt-resistant eggplant were studied to understand the response of eggplant to bacterial wilt. A total of 2,896 differentially expressed genes and 63 differences in metabolites were identified after inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum. Further analysis showed that the biosynthesis pathways for phytohormones, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids were altered in eggplant after inoculation with R. solanacearum. The results of metabolomes also showed that phytohormones played a key role in eggplant response to bacterial wilt. Integrated analyses of the transcriptomic and metabolic datasets indicated that jasmonic acid (JA) content and gene involved in the JA signaling pathway increased in response to bacterial wilt. These findings remarkably improve our understanding of the mechanisms of induced defense response in eggplant and will provide insights intothe development of disease-resistant varieties of eggplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ou Xiao
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, Zhanjiang, Guagndong, China,Zhanjiang City Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Genetic Improvement, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqiu Lin
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, Zhanjiang, Guagndong, China,Zhanjiang City Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Genetic Improvement, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Enyou Feng
- Zhanjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiongchang Ou
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China,Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, Zhanjiang, Guagndong, China,Zhanjiang City Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Genetic Improvement, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ghani MI, Ali A, Atif MJ, Ali M, Ahanger MA, Chen X, Cheng Z. Different leafy vegetable cropping systems regulate growth, photosynthesis, and PSII functioning in mono-cropped eggplant by altering chemical properties and upregulating the antioxidant system. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1132861. [PMID: 37143885 PMCID: PMC10151761 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous cropping of eggplant threatened regional ecological sustainability by facilitating replanting problems under mono-cropping conditions. Therefore, alternative agronomic and management practices are required to improve crop productivity at low environmental cost for the development of sustainable agricultural systems in different regions. This study examined changes in soil chemical properties, eggplant photosynthesis, and antioxidant functioning in five different vegetable cropping systems over a 2-year period., 2017 and 2018. The results showed that welsh onion-eggplant (WOE), celery-eggplant (CE), non-heading Chinese cabbage-eggplant (NCCE), and leafy lettuce-eggplant (LLE) rotation systems significantly impacted growth, biomass accumulation, and yield than fallow-eggplant (FE). In addition, various leafy vegetable cropping systems, WOE, CE, NCCE, and LLT induced significant increases in soil organic matter (SOM), available nutrients (N, P, and K), and eggplant growth by affecting the photosynthesis and related gas exchange parameters with much evident effect due to CE and NCCE. Moreover, eggplant raised with different leafy vegetable rotation systems showed higher activity of antioxidant enzymes, resulting in lower accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and hence reduced oxidative damage to membranes. In addition, fresh and dry plant biomass was significantly increased due to crop rotation with leafy vegetables. Therefore, we concluded that leafy vegetable crop rotation is a beneficial management practice to improve the growth and yield of eggplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Ghani
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ahmad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Muhammad Jawaad Atif
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Horticultural Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyulong Chen, ; Zhihui Cheng,
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyulong Chen, ; Zhihui Cheng,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rhizophagus irregularis and Azotobacter chroococcum Uphold Eggplant Production and Quality under Low Fertilization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb13040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are essential parts of soil and play an important role in mediating many processes and influencing plant health. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB), the most common of such microorganisms, can benefit plants by enhancing the nutrient-absorbing ability of roots through bio-inoculation, also called biofertilization. Different methods have been tested and proven to be effective in the enhancement of soil nutrient availability. However, the effects of increased application of biological methods with minimal chemical fertilizers are still inconsistent. In this 2-year of fixed-point greenhouse test, we aimed to evaluate the impact of AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis) and/or NFB (Azotobacter) on growth, quality, and yield of eggplants under different N levels. Data showed that biofertilizer application with reduced chemical fertilizer had the highest impact on eggplant performance and yield. Indeed, low chemical fertilizers combined with adequate amounts of biofertilizers produced a higher plant height, length and width of leaves, dry matter, number of fruits per plant with better morphology, total yield per plant, and total soluble solids (TSS), suggesting that the use of Azotobacter and R. irregularis as biofertilizers could substantially reduce the use of chemical fertilizers without impairing the quality and yield of eggplant.
Collapse
|
18
|
Niu X, Mi S, Jin Q, Sang Y, Wang X. Characterization and discrimination of two varieties of eggplants using multi-element and metabolomics profiles coupled with chemometrics analysis. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
19
|
Srenuja D, Shanmugam A, Nair Sinija VR. Novel zero waste tactics for commercial vegetables – recent advances. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2022-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Commercial vegetables include tomatoes, potatoes, onions, and eggplant due to their surplus production, availability, and affordability. The valorisation of the massive wastage of commercial vegetables and providing a long-term solution has been challenging. The review addresses the implications of biowastes on the environment and fosters the recent investigations into valorising commercial vegetable waste to develop multiple value-added products. It discussed the outcomes of the multiple technologies, majorly on green chemistry extraction, while outlining other methods such as fermentation, enzymatic treatments, 3D printing foods, high-pressure homogenisation, microencapsulation, bio-absorption method, and pyrolysis for their respective vegetable wastes. Agri-residues can be a valuable source for formulating functional ingredients, natural additives, biodiesel, dyes, and animal feed. This comprehensive review proposes a strategy to upcycle low-cost biowaste to boost the economic and ecological benefits. The current review captures the interests and great collaborations between researchers, industrialists, policymakers, waste management bodies, and eco-activists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dekka Srenuja
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management , Thanjavur , India
| | - Akalya Shanmugam
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management , Thanjavur , India
- Centre of Excellence in Non-Thermal Processing, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management , Thanjavur , India
| | - Vadakkepulppara Ramachandran Nair Sinija
- Food Processing Business Incubation Centre, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management , Thanjavur , India
- Centre of Excellence in Non-Thermal Processing, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management , Thanjavur , India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou X, Liu S, Yang Y, Liu J, Zhuang Y. Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Regulatory Network of Fruit Peel Pigmentation in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113475. [PMID: 36362258 PMCID: PMC9657510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The color of fruit peel is an economically important character of eggplant, and black-purple eggplant has received much attention for being rich in anthocyanin. However, the reason why different fruit peel colors form in eggplant is not well understood. In the present study, an integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome profiles was performed in five eggplant varieties with different fruit colors. A total of 260 flavonoids were identified, and most of them showed significantly higher abundance in black-purple varieties than in other varieties. The transcriptome analysis indicated the activation of early phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes (SmPAL, SmC4H, and Sm4CL) was more responsible for anthocyanin accumulation, while SmF3′5′H was the key factor for the formation of a purple color. Furthermore, two transcription factors, SmGL2 and SmGATA26, were identified as new hub genes associated with anthocyanin accumulation. The silencing of SmGL2 and SmGATA26 reduced anthocyanin accumulation in eggplant fruit peels, suggesting the possible involvement of SmGL2 and SmGATA26 in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, the pathway of plant hormone signal transduction was significantly enriched, indicating that phytohormones may cooperatively interact to modulate flavonoid biosynthesis. This study provides comprehensive information of flavonoid metabolites and new insights into the regulatory network of fruit coloration, which might be useful for the molecular breeding of eggplant.
Collapse
|
21
|
Khoulati A, Ouahhoud S, Channouf I, Channouf K, Azdimousa A, Mamri S, Ziani A, Baddaoui S, Hadini A, Asehraou A, Saalaoui E. Crocus sativus L. (saffron): a cocktail of bioactive molecules as a biostimulant by influencing plant growth, the polyphenol and ascorbic acid content of eggplant fruit. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
22
|
Sharma M, Delta AK, Dhanda PS, Kaushik P, Mohanta YK, Saravanan M, Mohanta TK. AMF and PSB applications modulated the biochemical and mineral content of the eggplants. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1371-1378. [PMID: 35996801 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the beneficial role of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in improving eggplant fruits' biochemical composition and mineral content. The plants were treated with AMF Acaulospora laevis, and bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens, and the corresponding variations were measured for mineral content (Ca, Fe, Mg, K, and P), biochemical parameters (dry matter, total soluble solid [TSS], phenolics, chlorogenic acid, vitamin C) along with arbuscular mycorrhiza spore number, and percentage of root colonization. The AMF and PSB-mediated soil and root-associated nutrients become available for uptake via mineralization, solubilization, and mobilization, primarily through the generation of organic acids and P-hydrolysing enzymes by the microbes. All the treatments showed a significant increase in the concentrations of different biochemical components. However, the combination of both A. laevis and P. fluorescens was found to be the most efficient. These results indicated the possibility of A. laevis and P. fluorescens being used as biofertilizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil K Delta
- Department of Chemistry, Ranchi University, Ranchi, India
| | - Parmdeep S Dhanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yugal K Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya, India
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Tapan K Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tian Y, Luo J, Wang H, Zaki HEM, Yu S, Wang X, Ahmed T, Shahid MS, Yan C, Chen J, Li B. Bioinspired Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Three Plant Extracts and Their Antibacterial Activity against Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight Pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2892. [PMID: 36365347 PMCID: PMC9654092 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is responsible for a significant reduction in rice production. Due to the small impact on the environment, biogenic nanomaterials are regarded as a new type of antibacterial agent. In this research, three colloids of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized with different biological materials such as Arctium lappa fruit, Solanum melongena leaves, and Taraxacum mongolicum leaves, and called Al-AgNPs, Sm-AgNPs and Tm-AgNPs, respectively. The appearance of brown colloids and the UV-Visible spectroscopy analysis proved the successful synthesis of the three colloids of AgNPs. Moreover, FTIR and XRD analysis revealed the formation of AgNPs structure. The SEM and TEM analysis indicated that the average diameters of the three synthesized spherical AgNPs were 20.18 nm, 21.00 nm, and 40.08 nm, respectively. The three botanical AgNPs had the strongest bacteriostatic against Xoo strain C2 at 20 μg/mL with the inhibition zone of 16.5 mm, 14.5 mm, and 12.4 mm, while bacterial numbers in a liquid broth (measured by OD600) decreased by 72.10%, 68.19%, and 65.60%, respectively. Results showed that the three AgNPs could inhibit biofilm formation and swarming motility of Xoo. The ultrastructural observation showed that Al-AgNPs adhered to the surface of bacteria and broke the bacteria. Overall, the three synthetic AgNPs could be used to inhibit the pathogen Xoo of rice bacterial leaf blight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinyan Luo
- Department of Plant Quarantine, Shanghai Extension and Service Center of Agriculture Technology, Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haitham E. M. Zaki
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia 61517, Egypt
- Applied Biotechnology Department, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Sur, Sur 411, Oman
| | - Shanhong Yu
- Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Ningbo Jiangbei District Agricultural Technology Extension Service Station, Ningbo 315033, China
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq Shahid
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-khod 123, Oman
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Peixoto FB, Raimundini Aranha AC, Nardino DA, Defendi RO, Suzuki RM. Extraction and encapsulation of bioactive compounds: A review. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Barroso Peixoto
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEQ‐AP) Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) Apucarana Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Oliveira Defendi
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEQ‐AP) Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) Apucarana Brazil
| | - Rúbia Michele Suzuki
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program (PPGEQ‐AP) Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) Apucarana Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shahabi Mohammadabadi S, Goli M, Naji Tabasi S. Optimization of Bioactive Compound Extraction from Eggplant Peel by Response Surface Methodology: Ultrasound-Assisted Solvent Qualitative and Quantitative Effect. Foods 2022; 11:3263. [PMID: 37431011 PMCID: PMC9601998 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin pigments, which the peel of eggplant is rich in, contribute to food quality because of their function in color, appearance, and nutritional advantages. For the first time, this study aimed to optimize the composition of the extracting solvent as three factors: factor A (ratio of ethanol to methanol 0-100% v/v), factor B (ratio of water to alcohol 0-100% v/v), and factor C (citric acid in the final solvent 0-1% w/v) using response surface methodology (RSM), central composite design (CCD) with α 2, and two repeats in axial and factorial points and four central points, for maximum total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, extraction yield, antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay of the eggplant peel dry extract assisted by ultrasound (200 watts power, frequency of 28 kHz) in 60 °C for 45 min has been investigated. The best optimal formulas determined using RSM for the final solvent comprised optimal formula 1 (i.e., ethanol-to-methanol ratio 59% and water-to-alcohol ratio 0%, and citric acid in final solvent 0.47%), and optimal formula 2 (i.e., ethanol-to-methanol ratio 67% and water-to-alcohol ratio 0%, and citric acid in final solvent 0.56%). In general, an alcoholic-acidic extract of eggplant peel made with an ethanol-methanol solvent including citric acid can be used in the food industry as a natural source of antioxidants and pigment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shahabi Mohammadabadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
| | - Mohammad Goli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
- Laser and Biophotonics in Biotechnologies Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39998, Iran
| | - Sara Naji Tabasi
- Department of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad 139-91735, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Singh DP, Bisen MS, Shukla R, Prabha R, Maurya S, Reddy YS, Singh PM, Rai N, Chaubey T, Chaturvedi KK, Srivastava S, Farooqi MS, Gupta VK, Sarma BK, Rai A, Behera TK. Metabolomics-Driven Mining of Metabolite Resources: Applications and Prospects for Improving Vegetable Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012062. [PMID: 36292920 PMCID: PMC9603451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable crops possess a prominent nutri-metabolite pool that not only contributes to the crop performance in the fields, but also offers nutritional security for humans. In the pursuit of identifying, quantifying and functionally characterizing the cellular metabolome pool, biomolecule separation technologies, data acquisition platforms, chemical libraries, bioinformatics tools, databases and visualization techniques have come to play significant role. High-throughput metabolomics unravels structurally diverse nutrition-rich metabolites and their entangled interactions in vegetable plants. It has helped to link identified phytometabolites with unique phenotypic traits, nutri-functional characters, defense mechanisms and crop productivity. In this study, we explore mining diverse metabolites, localizing cellular metabolic pathways, classifying functional biomolecules and establishing linkages between metabolic fluxes and genomic regulations, using comprehensive metabolomics deciphers of the plant’s performance in the environment. We discuss exemplary reports covering the implications of metabolomics, addressing metabolic changes in vegetable plants during crop domestication, stage-dependent growth, fruit development, nutri-metabolic capabilities, climatic impacts, plant-microbe-pest interactions and anthropogenic activities. Efforts leading to identify biomarker metabolites, candidate proteins and the genes responsible for plant health, defense mechanisms and nutri-rich crop produce are documented. With the insights on metabolite-QTL (mQTL) driven genetic architecture, molecular breeding in vegetable crops can be revolutionized for developing better nutritional capabilities, improved tolerance against diseases/pests and enhanced climate resilience in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya Pratap Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Mansi Singh Bisen
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Renu Shukla
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhawan, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Ratna Prabha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudarshan Maurya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Yesaru S. Reddy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Prabhakar Mohan Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Nagendra Rai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Tribhuwan Chaubey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mohammad Samir Farooqi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Birinchi K. Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nissen L, Cattivelli A, Casciano F, Gianotti A, Tagliazucchi D. Roasting and frying modulate the phenolic profile of dark purple eggplant and differently change the colon microbiota and phenolic metabolites after in vitro digestion and fermentation in a gut model. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
28
|
Nutritional Value of Eggplant Cultivars and Association with Sequence Variation in Genes Coding for Major Phenolics. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172267. [PMID: 36079649 PMCID: PMC9460228 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eggplant is a widely consumed vegetable, with significant nutritional value and high antioxidant content, mainly due to its phenolic constituents. Our goal was to determine the levels of carbohydrates, proteins, total phenolics, anthocyanins, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, and the antioxidant capacity in thirteen eggplant cultivars cultivated in Greece and to identify sequence polymorphisms in key regulating genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway (C4H, HCT, HQT, C3H, F3H, ANS, MYB1), which might relate to the phytochemical content of those cultivars. The carbohydrates’ content differs among and within cultivars, while the rest of the phytochemicals differ only among cultivars. The cultivars ‘EMI’ and ’Lagkada’ scored higher than the rest in phenolics, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, caffeoylquinic acid, and antioxidant capacity. Moreover, significant correlations were observed between various ingredients and the antioxidant capacity (FRAP and DPPH). Sequence analysis revealed several SNPs in C4H, HQT, F3H, ANS, and MYB1 among the cultivars studied. According to chi-square and logistic regression analyses, the missense mutation C4H4-108 correlates significantly with flavonoids, anthocyanins, and proteins; the synonymous mutation HQT-105 correlates with anthocyanins and ascorbic acid; the missense mutation HQT-438 correlates with flavonoids and chlorogenic acid, while the missense mutation ANS1-65 correlates with anthocyanins and sugars. These polymorphisms can be potentially utilized as molecular markers in eggplant breeding, while our data also contribute to the study of eggplant’s secondary metabolism and antioxidant properties.
Collapse
|
29
|
Hoo NJHS, Siew ZZ, Lim WY, Wong CW. Inhibitory effect of natural anti‐browning agents on polyphenol oxidase from pearl brinjal (
Solanum melongena
var.
serpentinum
L.). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi Zhou Siew
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Win Yee Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Chen Wai Wong
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Estrella-Osuna DE, Tapia-Hernández JA, Ruíz-Cruz S, Márquez-Ríos E, Ornelas-Paz JDJ, Del-Toro-Sánchez CL, Ocaño-Higuera VM, Rodríguez-Félix F, Estrada-Alvarado MI, Cira-Chávez LA. Nanoencapsulation of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Peel Extract in Electrospun Gelatin Nanofiber: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Release. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132303. [PMID: 35808139 PMCID: PMC9268290 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the preparation and characterization of eggplant peel extract-loaded electrospun gelatin nanofiber and study of its in vitro release. Results obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) micrograph revealed that eggplant peel extract-loaded electrospun gelatin nanofiber is in nanometric range with an average diameter 606.7 ± 184.5 and 643.6 ± 186.7 nm for 20 and 33.3 mg mL−1 of extract addition, respectively. Moreover, the incorporation of extract improved morphology by being smooth, homogeneous, and without account formation compared to nanofibers without extract (control). Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra indicated that interaction exists between electrospun gelatin nanofiber and eggplant peel extract by hydrogen bond interactions, mainly. Electrospun gelatin nanofibers showed encapsulation efficiency greater than 90% of extract and a maximum release of 95 and 80% for the medium at pH 1.5 and 7.5, respectively. Therefore, the electrospinning technique is a good alternative for the conservation of bioactive compounds present in the eggplant peel through electrospun gelatin nanofiber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danya Elizabeth Estrella-Osuna
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 sur, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Sonora, Mexico; (D.E.E.-O.); (M.I.E.-A.); (L.A.C.-C.)
| | - José Agustín Tapia-Hernández
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (E.M.-R.); (C.L.D.-T.-S.); (F.R.-F.)
- Correspondence: (J.A.T.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
| | - Saúl Ruíz-Cruz
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 sur, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Sonora, Mexico; (D.E.E.-O.); (M.I.E.-A.); (L.A.C.-C.)
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (E.M.-R.); (C.L.D.-T.-S.); (F.R.-F.)
- Correspondence: (J.A.T.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
| | - Enrique Márquez-Ríos
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (E.M.-R.); (C.L.D.-T.-S.); (F.R.-F.)
| | - José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Av. Río Conchos s/n, Parque Industrial, Cuauhtémoc 31570, Chihuahua, Mexico;
| | - Carmen Lizette Del-Toro-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (E.M.-R.); (C.L.D.-T.-S.); (F.R.-F.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Ocaño-Higuera
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Félix
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico; (E.M.-R.); (C.L.D.-T.-S.); (F.R.-F.)
| | - María Isabel Estrada-Alvarado
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 sur, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Sonora, Mexico; (D.E.E.-O.); (M.I.E.-A.); (L.A.C.-C.)
| | - Luis Alberto Cira-Chávez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 sur, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Sonora, Mexico; (D.E.E.-O.); (M.I.E.-A.); (L.A.C.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Arunsi UO, Chioma OE, Etusim PE, Owumi SE. Indigenous Nigeria medicinal herbal remedies: A potential source for therapeutic against rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1148-1178. [PMID: 35708153 PMCID: PMC9335509 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease associated with locomotion impairment, and conventional therapeutic drugs are not optimal for managing RA. There is an avalanche of medications used for the management of RA. Still, studies have shown that they are associated with severe side effects, including hepatotoxicity, retinopathy, and cardiotoxicity disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), skin, blood, and infections. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is currently gaining attention as a novel panacea for managing debilitating diseases, such as RA. Nigerian folk herbal remedies are replete with a plethora of curative medicine, albeit unvalidated scientifically but with seemingly miraculous provenance. Studies of the identification of bioactive compounds present in these botanicals using advanced spectral analytical techniques have enhanced our understanding of the role of Nigerian herbal remedies in the treatment and management of RA. Interestingly, experimental studies abound that the bioactive compounds present in the extracts of plant botanicals protected animals from the development of RA in different experimental models and reduced the toxicity associated with conventional therapeutics. Validated mechanisms of RA amelioration in human and animal models include suppression of the expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-23, chemokines, TGF-β, RANKL, RANK, iNOS, arginase, COX-2, VEGFA, VEGFR, NFATC1, and TRAP in the synoviocytes. Decreased ROS, NO, MDA, carbonyl groups, and PGE2 in the synovial fluid increased the expression of PPARα/γ; antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules also improve RA etiology. In this mini-review, we discuss the global burden of RA, the novel role of plant-based botanicals as potential therapeutics against signaling pathways in RA. Also addressed is the possible repurposing/reprofiling of plant botanicals to increase their therapeutic index among RA patients that patronize traditional healers in Nigeria with a global projection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uche O Arunsi
- Cancer Immunology and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Physical Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, 440001, Nigeria
| | - Ogbuka E Chioma
- Department of Social and Environmental Forestry, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Paschal E Etusim
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological and Physical Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu 200, Nigeria
| | - Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria,Solomon Owumi.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Atamaleki A, Yazdanbakhsh A, Gholizadeh A, Naimi N, Karimi P, Thai VN, Fakhri Y. Concentration of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in eggplant vegetable ( Solanum melongena) irrigated with wastewater: a systematic review and meta-analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1419-1431. [PMID: 33588645 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1887461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The main objectives of this study were PHEs concentration meta-analysis (Fe, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cd) in eggplant irrigated by wastewater and the following estimation of non-carcinogenic (n-CR) risk for the consumers based on countries. According to the results, the rank order of PHEs concentration in eggplant was Fe (88.3 mg/kg -dry weight) > Zn (10.1 mg/kg -dry weight) > Pb (3.0 mg/kg -dry weight) > Ni (2.7 mg/kg -dry weight) > Cu (1.1 mg/kg -dry weight) > Cd (0.9 mg/kg -dry weight) > Cr (0.05 mg/kg -dry weight). Moreover, n-CR risk showed that all investigated countries (China, India, Pakistan, Turkey, and Jordan) except for United Arab Emirates (UAE) had a considerable n-CR in both age groups (adults and children).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Atamaleki
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Gholizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Nayera Naimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- PhD Student in Environmental Health Engineering, School Of Health, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University Of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouria Karimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Van Nam Thai
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH) 475A, Ho Chi Minh City, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Vietnam
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Effect of food processing on antioxidants, their bioavailability and potential relevance to human health. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100334. [PMID: 35712535 PMCID: PMC9194584 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing alters the amount, matrix interaction, and structure of antioxidants. It is not easy to dissociate processing effects from food matrix effects. It is still difficult to make general statements on the effects of processing on bioavailability. Facilitated release by heat, pressure, etc. contributes to increased bioaccessibility.
It has long been recognized that the antioxidants present in fresh plant materials may be very different to those we ingest via our foods. This is often due to the use of food processing strategies involving thermal/non-thermal treatments. Current research mostly focuses on determining what is present in vegetative starting materials; how this is altered during processing; how this influences activity in the gut and following uptake into bloodstream; and which in vivo physiological effects this may have on human body. Having a better understanding of these different steps and their importance in a health-and-nutrition-context will place us in a better position to breed for improved crop varieties and to advise the food industry on how to optimize processing strategies to enhance biochemical composition of processed foods. This review provides an overview of what is currently known about the influence which food processing treatments can have on antioxidants and gives some pointers as to their potential relevance.
Collapse
|
34
|
Asuquo EA, Nwodo OFC, Assumpta AC, Orizu UN, Oziamara ON, Solomon OA. FTO gene expression in diet-induced obesity is downregulated by Solanum fruit supplementation. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:641-658. [PMID: 35800074 PMCID: PMC9202533 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fat Mass and Obesity-associated (FTO) gene has been shown to play an important role in developing obesity, manifesting in traits such as increased body mass index, increased waist-to-hip ratio, and the distribution of adipose tissues, which increases the susceptibility to various metabolic syndromes. In this study, we evaluated the impact of fruit-based diets of Solanum melongena (SMF) and Solanum aethiopicum fruits (SAF) on the FTO gene expression levels in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese animals. Our results showed that the mRNA level of the FTO gene was downregulated in the hypothalamus, and white and brown adipose tissue following three and six weeks of treatment with SMF- and SAF-based diets in the HFD-induced obese animals. Additionally, the Solanum fruit supplementation exhibited a curative effect on obesity-associated abrasions on the white adipose tissue (WAT), hypothalamus, and liver. Our findings collectively suggest the anti-obesity potential of SMF and SAF via the downregulation of the FTO gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edeke Affiong Asuquo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | | | - Anosike Chioma Assumpta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Uchendu Nene Orizu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Okoro Nkwachukwu Oziamara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Odiba Arome Solomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alamer KH, Galal TM. Safety assessment and sustainability of consuming eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) grown in wastewater-contaminated agricultural soils. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9768. [PMID: 35697742 PMCID: PMC9192686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetables cultivated on contaminated agricultural soils are being consumed by the public, and consequently cause serious health concerns due to contaminants' dietary intake. The current study examines the safety and sustainability of eating eggplant (Solanum melongena) by looking into the possibility of heavy metals translocation from polluted soils to the edible sections, as well as the health hazards that come with it. Soil and eggplant samples were taken from three contaminated and other three uncontaminated farms to estimate their chemical constituents and plant growth properties. Based on the pollution load index data, the contaminated soils were highly polluted with Fe, Cu, Pb, and Zn; and relatively polluted with Cr, Mn, Cd, Mn, Co, and V. Under contamination stress, the fresh biomass, dry biomass, and production of eggplant were significantly reduced by 41.2, 44.6, and 52.1%, respectively. Likewise, chlorophyll a and b were significantly reduced from 1.51 to 0.69 mg g−1 and 1.36 to 0.64 mg g−1, respectively. The uncontaminated plant shoots had the highest quantities of N, P, and proteins (1.98, 2.08, and 12.40%, respectively), while the roots of the same plants had the highest K content (44.70 mg kg−1). Because eggplant maintained most tested heavy elements (excluding Zn and Pb) in the root, it is a good candidate for these metals' phytostabilization. However, it had the potential to translocate Mn and Zn to its shoot and Pb, Cr, Mn, and Zn to the edible fruits indicating its possibility to be a phytoextractor and accumulator of these metals. Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, and Co quantity in the edible sections of eggplant grown in contaminated soils exceeded the permissible level for normal plants, posing health hazards to adults and children. For safety issues and food sustainability, our investigation strongly recommends avoiding, possibly, the cultivation of eggplant in contaminated agricultural lands due to their toxic effects even in the long run.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid H Alamer
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tarek M Galal
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11790, Egypt.,Biology Department, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Soares JM, Teixeira F, de Oliveira ML, do Amaral LA, de Almeida TDSF, de Souza GHO, Hokama LM, Menegassi B, dos Santos EF, Novello D. Eggplant Flour Addition in Cookie: Nutritional Enrichment Alternative for Children. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121667. [PMID: 35741865 PMCID: PMC9222506 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of eggplant flour in cookie on the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics and to verify the sensory acceptability among children. Four eggplant flour cookie formulations were prepared: EF0 (or standard), EF2.5, EF5.0, and EF7.5 (Eggplant Flour 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5%, respectively). The sensory acceptability, physicochemical and nutritional composition were evaluated. The eggplant flour addition of 7.5% to cookie reduced the acceptability (p > 0.05). The samples EF5.0 and EF7.5 showed higher diameter, expansion and thermal factor, while the EF0 and EF2.5 had higher thickness (p < 0.05). The flour addition significantly increased the hardness, Water activity (Aw), Titratable Acidity (TA) and Soluble Solids (SS) in the cookie, however, L* a* and b*, pH and SS/TA ratio values were reduced (p < 0.05). Increased levels of ash, dietary fibers, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were verified on the cookie after eggplant flour addition. Meanwhile, there was a reduction in energy and carbohydrate values. It is concluded that eggplant flour addition up to 5% in cookie maintains the sensory acceptability similar to the standard product when evaluated by children. In addition, it can be considered a viable alternative to improve most of the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of the product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Machado Soares
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Sector, State University of Midwest, Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (F.T.); (M.L.d.O.); (L.A.d.A.)
| | - Flávia Teixeira
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Sector, State University of Midwest, Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (F.T.); (M.L.d.O.); (L.A.d.A.)
| | - Mayra Lopes de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Sector, State University of Midwest, Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (F.T.); (M.L.d.O.); (L.A.d.A.)
| | - Luane Aparecida do Amaral
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Sector, State University of Midwest, Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (F.T.); (M.L.d.O.); (L.A.d.A.)
| | - Tainá da Silva Fleming de Almeida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (T.d.S.F.d.A.); (G.H.O.d.S.); (L.M.H.); (E.F.d.S.)
| | - Gabriel Henrique Oliveira de Souza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (T.d.S.F.d.A.); (G.H.O.d.S.); (L.M.H.); (E.F.d.S.)
| | - Lais Maluf Hokama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (T.d.S.F.d.A.); (G.H.O.d.S.); (L.M.H.); (E.F.d.S.)
| | - Bruna Menegassi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, Brazil;
| | - Elisvânia Freitas dos Santos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (T.d.S.F.d.A.); (G.H.O.d.S.); (L.M.H.); (E.F.d.S.)
| | - Daiana Novello
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Sector, State University of Midwest, Guarapuava 85040-167, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (F.T.); (M.L.d.O.); (L.A.d.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-42-3629-8100
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Añibarro-Ortega M, Pinela J, Alexopoulos A, Petropoulos SA, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L. The powerful Solanaceae: Food and nutraceutical applications in a sustainable world. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 100:131-172. [PMID: 35659351 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Solanaceae family is considered one of the most important families among plant species because, on one hand encompasses many staple food crops of the human diet while, on the other hand, it includes species rich in powerful secondary metabolites that could be valorized in medicine or drug formulation as well as nutraceuticals and food supplements. The main genera are Solanum, Capsicum, Physalis, and Lycium which comprise several important cultivated crops (e.g., tomato, pepper, eggplant, tomatillo, and goji berry), as well as genera notable for species with several pharmaceutical properties (e.g., Datura, Nicotiana, Atropa, Mandragora, etc.). This chapter discusses the nutritional value of the most important Solanaceae species commonly used for their edible fruit, as well as those used in the development of functional foods, food supplements, and nutraceuticals due to their bioactive constituents. The toxic and poisonous effects are also discussed aiming to highlight possible detrimental consequences due to irrational use. Finally, considering the high amount of waste and by-products generated through the value chain of the main crops, the sustainable management practices implemented so far are presented with the aim to increase the added-value of these crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Añibarro-Ortega
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - José Pinela
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Alexios Alexopoulos
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata, Messinia, Greece
| | - Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Purple eggplant and zucchini color, mechanical properties, mastication, and sensory perception influenced by steaming and Sous-vide. Int J Gastron Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgfs.2022.100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
39
|
Faraone I, Lela L, Ponticelli M, Gorgoglione D, De Biasio F, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Vassallo A, Caddeo C, Falabella R, Ostuni A, Milella L. New Insight on the Bioactivity of Solanum aethiopicum Linn. Growing in Basilicata Region (Italy): Phytochemical Characterization, Liposomal Incorporation, and Antioxidant Effects. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061168. [PMID: 35745745 PMCID: PMC9227163 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Food extract’s biological effect and its improvement using nanotechnologies is one of the challenges of the last and the future decades; for this reason, the antioxidant effect of scarlet eggplant extract liposomal incorporation was investigated. Scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) is a member of the Solanaceae family, and it is one of the most consumed vegetables in tropical Africa and south of Italy. This study investigated the antioxidant activity and the phytochemical composition of S. aethiopicum grown in the Basilicata Region for the first time. The whole fruit, peel, and pulp were subjected to ethanolic exhaustive maceration extraction, and all extracts were investigated. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of ten phenolic compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanones, flavanols, and four carotenoids (one xanthophyll and three carotenes). The peel extract was the most promising, active, and the richest in specialized metabolites; hence, it was tested on HepG2 cell lines and incorporated into liposomes. The nanoincorporation enhanced the peel extract’s antioxidant activity, resulting in a reduction of the concentration used. Furthermore, the extract improved the expression of endogenous antioxidants, such as ABCG2, CAT, and NQO1, presumably through the Nrf2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Faraone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- Spinoff BioActiPlant s.r.l., Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Ludovica Lela
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
| | - Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (L.M.)
| | | | | | - Patricia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (P.V.); (P.B.A.)
| | - Paula B. Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (P.V.); (P.B.A.)
| | - Antonio Vassallo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- Spinoff TNcKILLERS s.r.l., Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Carla Caddeo
- Department of “Scienze Della Vita e Dell’ambiente, Sezione di Scienze del Farmaco”, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Roberto Falabella
- Urology Unit, San Carlo Hospital, Via Potito Petrone, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Angela Ostuni
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- Spinoff BioActiPlant s.r.l., Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Does Plant Breeding for Antioxidant-Rich Foods Have an Impact on Human Health? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040794. [PMID: 35453479 PMCID: PMC9024522 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the general beneficial effects of antioxidants-rich foods on human health and disease prevention, there is a continuous interest in plant secondary metabolites conferring attractive colors to fruits and grains and responsible, together with others, for nutraceutical properties. Cereals and Solanaceae are important components of the human diet, thus, they are the main targets for functional food development by exploitation of genetic resources and metabolic engineering. In this review, we focus on the impact of antioxidants-rich cereal and Solanaceae derived foods on human health by analyzing natural biodiversity and biotechnological strategies aiming at increasing the antioxidant level of grains and fruits, the impact of agronomic practices and food processing on antioxidant properties combined with a focus on the current state of pre-clinical and clinical studies. Despite the strong evidence in in vitro and animal studies supporting the beneficial effects of antioxidants-rich diets in preventing diseases, clinical studies are still not sufficient to prove the impact of antioxidant rich cereal and Solanaceae derived foods on human
Collapse
|
41
|
Colak N, Kurt-Celebi A, Gruz J, Strnad M, Hayirlioglu-Ayaz S, Choung MG, Esatbeyoglu T, Ayaz FA. The Phenolics and Antioxidant Properties of Black and Purple versus White Eggplant Cultivars. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082410. [PMID: 35458607 PMCID: PMC9030419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The total phenolic content, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, antioxidant capacity and α-amylase inhibitory activity of black (Aydin Siyahi), purple (Kadife Kemer) and white (Trabzon Kadife) eggplants grown in Turkey were subjected to a comparative investigation. The black cultivar exhibited the highest total phenolic (17,193 and 6552 mg gallic acid equivalent/kg fw), flavonoid (3019 and 1160 quercetin equivalent/kg fw) and anthocyanin (1686 and 6167 g delphinidin-3-O-glucoside equivalent/kg fw) contents in crude extracts of the peel and pulp. The majority of the caffeic acid was identified in the ester (2830 mg/kg fw) and ester-bound (2594 mg/kg fw) forms in the peel of ‘Kadife Kemer’ and in the glycoside form (611.9 mg/kg fw) in ‘Aydin Siyahi’, as well as in the pulp of these two eggplants. ‘Kadife Kemer’ (purple eggplant) contained the majority of the chlorogenic acid in free form (27.55 mg/kg fw), compared to ‘Aydin Siyahi’ in the ester (7.82 mg/kg fw), glycoside (294.1 mg/kg dw) and ester-bound (2.41 mg/kg fw) forms. The eggplant cultivars (peel and pulp, mg/kg fw) exhibited a relatively high delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside concentration in the peel of ‘Aydin Siyahi’ (avg. 1162), followed by ‘Kadife Kemer’ (avg. 336.6), and ‘Trabzon Kadife’ (avg. 215.1). The crude phenolic extracts of the eggplants exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity values (peel and pulp, µmoL Trolox equivalent/kg fw) of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 8156 and 2335) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC, 37,887 and 17,648). The overall results indicate that black and purple eggplants are the cultivars with greater potential benefits in terms of their phenolics and antioxidant values than the white eggplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Colak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey; (N.C.); (A.K.-C.); (S.H.-A.)
| | - Aynur Kurt-Celebi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey; (N.C.); (A.K.-C.); (S.H.-A.)
| | - Jiri Gruz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacky University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Sema Hayirlioglu-Ayaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey; (N.C.); (A.K.-C.); (S.H.-A.)
| | - Myoung-Gun Choung
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Dogye Campus, Kangwon National University, Hwangjori 3, Dogye-up, Samcheok 25949, Korea;
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.E.); (F.A.A.); Tel.: +49-511-762-5589 (T.E.); +90-462-377-3712 (F.A.A.)
| | - Faik Ahmet Ayaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey; (N.C.); (A.K.-C.); (S.H.-A.)
- Correspondence: (T.E.); (F.A.A.); Tel.: +49-511-762-5589 (T.E.); +90-462-377-3712 (F.A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
de Souza FG, de Araújo FF, Orlando EA, Rodrigues FM, Chávez DWH, Pallone JAL, Neri-Numa IA, Sawaya ACHF, Pastore GM. Characterization of Buritirana ( Mauritiella armata) Fruits from the Brazilian Cerrado: Biometric and Physicochemical Attributes, Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential. Foods 2022; 11:786. [PMID: 35327209 PMCID: PMC8949527 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The buritirana is a little-explored species of the Arecaceae family. The biometric and physicochemical characteristics, nutritional and chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the buritirana fruit fractions were evaluated here for the first time. The fruits presented an oblong shape. The pulp represented 16.58% of the whole-fruit weight (10.07 g). The moisture, ash and soluble fiber contents were similar for the whole fraction without seed (WS) and pulp. Although the total carbohydrate content was the same for seed and peel (23.24 g·100 g-1), the seed showed higher protein and insoluble fiber contents. Except for glucose (1256.63 mg·100 g-1), the seed showed the highest concentrations of mono-, di- and oligosaccharides. Mineral content ranged from 0.43 to 800 mg·100 g-1 in all fractions. The peel fraction showed the highest content of vitamin C. The physicochemical results indicate the pulp and WS fraction have potential for the production of fruit-derived food products. Protocatechuic and quinic acids and epicatechin/catechin were found in all fractions. The assay antioxidant capacity DPPH, phenolic content and total flavonoids were higher in the pulp; TEAC and ORACHF values were lower in the seed. Volatile organic compounds were not identified, and the fractions did not show antibacterial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florisvaldo Gama de Souza
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (F.F.d.A.); (E.A.O.); (J.A.L.P.); (I.A.N.-N.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Fábio Fernandes de Araújo
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (F.F.d.A.); (E.A.O.); (J.A.L.P.); (I.A.N.-N.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Eduardo Adilson Orlando
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (F.F.d.A.); (E.A.O.); (J.A.L.P.); (I.A.N.-N.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Fernando Morais Rodrigues
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Tocantins, Paraíso of Tocantins 77600-000, TO, Brazil;
| | - Davy William Hidalgo Chávez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Juliana Azevedo Lima Pallone
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (F.F.d.A.); (E.A.O.); (J.A.L.P.); (I.A.N.-N.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Iramaia Angélica Neri-Numa
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (F.F.d.A.); (E.A.O.); (J.A.L.P.); (I.A.N.-N.); (G.M.P.)
| | | | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (F.F.d.A.); (E.A.O.); (J.A.L.P.); (I.A.N.-N.); (G.M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Milião GL, de Oliveira APH, de Souza Soares L, Arruda TR, Vieira ÉNR, de Castro Leite Junior BR. Unconventional Food Plants: nutritional aspects and perspectives for industrial applications. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
44
|
Elizalde-Romero CA, Montoya-Inzunza LA, Contreras-Angulo LA, Heredia JB, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP. Solanum Fruits: Phytochemicals, Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability, and Their Relationship With Their Health-Promoting Effects. Front Nutr 2021; 8:790582. [PMID: 34938764 PMCID: PMC8687741 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.790582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Solanum genus is the largest in the Solanaceae family containing around 2,000 species. There is a great number of edibles obtained from this genus, and globally, the most common are tomato (S. lycopersicum), potato (S. tuberosum), and eggplant (S. melongena). Other fruits are common in specific regions and countries, for instance, S. nigrum, S. torvum, S. betaceum, and S. stramonifolium. Various reports have shown that flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, saponins, and other molecules can be found in these plants. These molecules are associated with various health-promoting properties against many non-communicable diseases, the main causes of death globally. Nonetheless, the transformations of the structure of antioxidants caused by cooking methods and gastrointestinal digestion impact their potential benefits and must be considered. This review provides information about antioxidant compounds, their bioaccessibility and bioavailability, and their health-promoting effects. Bioaccessibility and bioavailability studies must be considered when evaluating the bioactive properties of health-promoting molecules like those from the Solanum genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Basilio Heredia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ferreira-Santos P, Duca AB, Genisheva Z, Silva BN, De Biasio F, Botelho C, Rocha CMR, Gorgoglione D, Teixeira JA. Extracts From Red Eggplant: Impact of Ohmic Heating and Different Extraction Solvents on the Chemical Profile and Bioactivity. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.804004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggplants contain a multitude of biocompounds with nutritional and/or biological activities. The objective of this work was to study the nutritional, chemical and bioactive value of red eggplant from Rotonda, Italy. Ohmic heating (OH) was compared to conventional heating, as different solvents were used (water, ethanol 30, 50, and 90% and methanol) for biocompounds extraction. Extracts were evaluated for their total phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and its toxicity was assessed in cells, L929 and Caco-2. The nutritional characterization of Rotonda's eggplant demonstrated that it is rich in carbohydrates (65%), fiber (12.5%), proteins (13%), lipids (7.6%) and minerals. Potassium is the mineral with the highest concentration in the red eggplant (27.24 mg/g). Phenolic composition of the obtained extracts was dependent on the extraction method, as well as on the solvent. The use of OH method increased the extraction of biocompounds, especially when using 50% of ethanol as solvent. The main phenolic compounds found in the extracts of this eggplant variety were ellagic acid, p-coumaricic acid, epicatechin, narginin, taxifolin and kaempferol. Antioxidant activity was positively correlated with the total amounts of phenolics. Red Eggplant extracts showed activity against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and S. enterica), however, they did not demonstrate activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The extracts obtained did not show cytotoxic effects in fibroblast and colorectal studied cells. Ohmic heating is a sustainable technology that increases the extraction yield of biocompounds, with reduced energy consumption and the resulting extracts show low toxicity and high biological activity.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ilic J, Tomasevic I, Djekic I. Purple eggplant and zucchini color, mechanical properties, mastication, and sensory perception influenced by boiling and grilling. J Texture Stud 2021; 53:174-184. [PMID: 34854495 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the influence of boiling and grilling deployed at 15, 30, and 45 min on selected eggplant and zucchini qualities. The colorants present in these vegetables contribute to their attractive appearance while presenting health-benefit components. This study shows that boiling and grilling differently affected the color properties of the eggplant and zucchini flesh and skin, leading to discoloration. However, the multifactorial mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not yet fully uncovered. Both boiling and grilling caused softening in examined vegetables within cooking prolongation, but different effects were observed. In the case of grilling, large- and small-deformation mechanical parameters established higher values. Thus, grilling produced firmer samples, which was further projected on mastication and dynamic sensory perception. Although there was limited differentiation in mastication parameters, it was observable that grilled products were more mastication-demanding. The number of chews and consumption time provided most of the information and established higher values for short-time cooking treatments and grilling. As a consequence, samples that had longer in-oral exposure times were perceived as bitter (eggplant) or sweet (zucchini). Oppositely, boiled vegetables were juicier. Regardless of the type of vegetable or cooking method, the shortest cooking treatments resulted in products dominantly perceived as firm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Ilic
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Tomasevic
- Department of Animal Origin Products Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilija Djekic
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Okoro NO, Odiba AS, Osadebe PO, Omeje EO, Liao G, Fang W, Jin C, Wang B. Bioactive Phytochemicals with Anti-Aging and Lifespan Extending Potentials in Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237323. [PMID: 34885907 PMCID: PMC8658929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the forms of either herbs or functional foods, plants and their products have attracted medicinal, culinary, and nutraceutical applications due to their abundance in bioactive phytochemicals. Human beings and other animals have employed those bioactive phytochemicals to improve health quality based on their broad potentials as antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-aging effects, amongst others. For the past decade and half, efforts to discover bioactive phytochemicals both in pure and crude forms have been intensified using the Caenorhabditis elegans aging model, in which various metabolic pathways in humans are highly conserved. In this review, we summarized the aging and longevity pathways that are common to C. elegans and humans and collated some of the bioactive phytochemicals with health benefits and lifespan extending effects that have been studied in C. elegans. This simple animal model is not only a perfect system for discovering bioactive compounds but is also a research shortcut for elucidating the amelioration mechanisms of aging risk factors and associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nkwachukwu Oziamara Okoro
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (N.O.O.); (A.S.O.); (C.J.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530007, China;
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (P.O.O.); (E.O.O.)
| | - Arome Solomon Odiba
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (N.O.O.); (A.S.O.); (C.J.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Patience Ogoamaka Osadebe
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (P.O.O.); (E.O.O.)
| | - Edwin Ogechukwu Omeje
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (P.O.O.); (E.O.O.)
| | - Guiyan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Wenxia Fang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530007, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Cheng Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (N.O.O.); (A.S.O.); (C.J.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530007, China;
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (N.O.O.); (A.S.O.); (C.J.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530007, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-771-2503-601
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sembiring HSB, Chin KB. Physicochemical properties and microbial counts of low‐fat model sausage affected by eggplant (
Solanum melongena
) powder in different drying method and level during storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koo Bok Chin
- Department of Animal Science Chonnam National University Gwangju Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Natural Antioxidants from Plant Extracts in Skincare Cosmetics: Recent Applications, Challenges and Perspectives. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interest in the health effects of natural antioxidants has increased due to their safety and applicability in cosmetic formulation. Nevertheless, efficacy of natural antioxidants in vivo is less documented than their prooxidant properties in vivo. Plant extracts rich in vitamins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds can induce oxidative damage by reacting with various biomolecules while also providing antioxidant properties. Because the biological activities of natural antioxidants differ, their effectiveness for slowing the aging process remains unclear. This review article focuses on the use of natural antioxidants in skincare and the possible mechanisms underlying their desired effect, along with recent applications in skincare formulation and their limitations.
Collapse
|
50
|
Khanal D, Pandey R, Dhakal R, Neupane N, Shrestha A, Nepali Joseph M, Paudel A, Pandey M. Efficacy of bio-rational pesticides for the management of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee in Rupandehi, Nepal. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08286. [PMID: 34778578 PMCID: PMC8577145 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The field experiment was conducted from March to June of 2017 in field conditions at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi, Nepal to evaluate the efficacy of botanicals, microbial, and chemical insecticide against Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee. We assessed seven treatments including control in randomized complete block design with four replications and two sprays. The treatments evaluated for the management of L. orbonalis were i) Jholmal, 250 ml/l of water ii) Beauveria bassiana (Daman), 4 g/l water iii) Abamectin 5 % (Biotrine), 0.5 ml/l of water iv) Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Mahastra), 4 g/l of water v) Emamectin benzoate (Cobra), 0.5 g/l of water vi) Azadirachtin 1500 ppm (Neem Kavach), 5 ml/l of water vii) Control (pure water application). All the treatments applied were found to be superior to the control. The results revealed that the lowest percentage of infested fruit i.e. 57.97% and 34.52% were found at 14 days after the first and second spray of Emamectin benzoate treatment respectively, as well as it was found to be significant over control in both sprays. The marketable yield of plot treated with Emamectin benzoate in eggplant was found to be the highest i.e.7.19 t/ha and 7.13 t/ha which was followed by Neem Kavach with the yield of 6.69 t/ha and 7.06 t/ha and that of control plots was 2.98 t/ha and 2.56 t/ha after first and second spray respectively. Further, our study concluded both marketable yield and Benefit-Cost (BC) ratio of brinjal fruit were the highest under the treatment of Emamectin benzoate followed by Jholmal and Neem Kavach. From this experiment, we concluded that Emamectin benzoate was the most effective treatment for the management of L. orbonalis while Jholmal and Neem Kavach proved to be the best alternative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Khanal
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Paklihawa, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - Radha Pandey
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Paklihawa, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - Radhika Dhakal
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Paklihawa, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - Nisha Neupane
- Agriculture Biotechnology, Centre for Biotechnology, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Ankita Shrestha
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Paklihawa, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - Milan Nepali Joseph
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Paklihawa, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - Asmi Paudel
- Agriculture Biotechnology, Centre for Biotechnology, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Meena Pandey
- Paklihawa Campus, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Paklihawa, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|