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Li X, Wu M, Xia M, Salama M, Sun H, Ding L, Huang X, Shu D, Cai Z. A promising food-grade protector for Retinyl acetate emulsions with fibrillated egg white. Food Chem 2024; 449:139158. [PMID: 38608602 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a novel use of fibrous egg white protein (FEWP) in food preservation and nutraceutical applications. In this study, food-grade FEWP was used as an encapsulating material, along with chitosan (CS), to stabilize emulsions. The emulsion system was then used as a delivery system to improve the stability of retinyl acetate (RA). The structural and functional properties, as well as the stability and rheological behavior of the FEWP/CS copolymer, was investigated. The stability of RA-enriched emulsions was also evaluated. FEWP and CS stabilized emulsions exhibited smaller particle size and enhanced stability against different ionic strengths and storage periods. Additionally, RA-encapsulated emulsions stabilized by FEWP:CS (25:1 w/w) effectively inhibited apple browning. This study provides a promising strategy for delivering antioxidant components, highlighting its potential in food preservation and nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Li
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Mengyao Wu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Minquan Xia
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Dairy Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Haoyang Sun
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Lixian Ding
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xi Huang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Dewei Shu
- Zaozhuang Key Laboratory of Egg Nutrition and Health, Zaozhuang Jensur Bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shandong 277000, China
| | - Zhaoxia Cai
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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2
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Van Wayenbergh E, Langenaeken NA, Verheijen J, Foubert I, Courtin CM. Mechanistic understanding of the stabilisation of vitamin A in oil by wheat bran: The interplay between vitamin A degradation, lipid oxidation, and lipase activity. Food Chem 2024; 436:137785. [PMID: 37866098 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Wheat bran stabilises vitamin A (retinyl palmitate, RP) in oil during storage, but the stabilisation mechanism remains unknown. We here studied the effect of the concentration of RP in oil (0.1-2%) and of RP-enriched oil in the system (5-50%) on the RP retention during accelerated storage of systems with native and toasted wheat bran. Generally, toasted bran showed better RP stabilisation than native bran. After four weeks of storage, up to 65% RP was retained in toasted bran systems, whereas the RP retention for native bran was below 10%. For native bran, a higher oil-to-bran ratio and, thus, a lower wheat lipase level resulted in better RP retention. For toasted bran, combined high oil and high RP concentrations resulted in the lowest RP retention. We, therefore, conclude that wheat bran protects RP and lipids from oxidation. This protection is reduced by the pro-oxidative effect of RP, lipid oxidation and lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Van Wayenbergh
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels A Langenaeken
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Verheijen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Imogen Foubert
- KU Leuven Kulak, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), Research Unit of Food and Lipids & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Etienne Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Christophe M Courtin
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Lee TK, Hur G, Choi J, Ban C, Kim JY, Yang H, Park JHY, Lee KW, Kim JH. Enhancing stability and bioavailability of sulforaphene in radish seed extracts using nanoemulsion made with high oleic sunflower oil. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1269-1279. [PMID: 37362810 PMCID: PMC10290006 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of nanoemulsions on the stability and bioavailability of sulforaphene (SFEN) in radish seed extract (RSE) was investigated. Four types of oil were used as lipid ingredients of the nanoemulsions: soybean, high oleic acid sunflower, coconut, and hydrogenated palm oils. SFEN in RSE nanoemulsions showed greater stability to temperature, acid, and alkaline conditions than SFEN in RSE suspended in water (RSE-S). Particularly under alkaline conditions, the half-life of SFEN in the nanoemulsion with high oleic sunflower oil (RSE-HOSO) was 8 times longer than that of RSE-S. Furthermore, in the pharmacokinetics study, it was observed that AUC0-8 increased and oral clearance (CL/F) decreased significantly in rats orally administered RSE-HOSO compared with RSE-S (p < 0.05). This study indicates that the type of oil used in nanoemulsions affects the stability and bioavailability of SFEN in RSE. These results may provide a guideline for the development of functional foods containing RSE. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01304-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Lee
- Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyun Hur
- Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyoon Choi
- Department of Next Generation Applied Sciences, Graduate School, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, 01133 Republic of Korea
| | - Choongjin Ban
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yea Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Fermentation and Brewing, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute for Basic Sciences, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, 01133 Republic of Korea
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4
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Yousefi S, Rajaei P, Nateghi L, Nodeh HR, Rashidi L. Encapsulation of sesamol and retinol using alginate and chitosan-coated W/O/W multiple emulsions containing Tween 80 and Span 80. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124766. [PMID: 37164132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The conditions of production of multiple W/O/W nanoemulsions containing sesamol and retinol were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Span 80 (5, 10, and 15 % w/v), Tween 80 (1, 5.5, and 10 % w/v), and water in oil ratio (W/O) (20, 30, and 40 %) were considered as independent variables while encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and particle size were taken as dependent variables. Alginate (Alg) and chitosan (CS) were also applied to form a deposit layer. An optimum sample with an EE of 92.93 % and particle size of 381.94 nm was produced when Tween 80, Span 80, and W/O were 6.24 %, 10.84 %, and 37.70 %, respectively. Based on the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), detection of hydrophobic band (2899 cm-1) approved the physical entrapment of biomolecules. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated an endothermic peak at 236.48 °C associated with the ionic interactions of Alg-CS. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) indicated Alg-CS complex deposit layer formed by electrostatic attraction surrounding the W/O/W multiple layers. The in vitro release of sesamol and retinol was 39 % of sesamol and 22 % of retinol in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and 56 % and 22 % in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Yousefi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Peyman Rajaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Leila Nateghi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Hamid Rashidi Nodeh
- Research Center of Food Technology and Agricultural Products, Standard Research Institute (SRI), P.O. Box 31745-139, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ladan Rashidi
- Research Center of Food Technology and Agricultural Products, Standard Research Institute (SRI), P.O. Box 31745-139, Karaj, Iran.
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5
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Manzoor M, Sharma P, Murtaza M, Jaiswal AK, Jaglan S. Fabrication, characterization, and interventions of protein, polysaccharide and lipid-based nanoemulsions in food and nutraceutical delivery applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124485. [PMID: 37076071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication and application of nanoemulsions for incorporating and delivering diverse bioactive compounds, particularly hydrophobic substances, is becoming an increasing focus of research with the potential to improve the nutritional and health status of individuals. Constant advancements in nanotechnological approaches aid in the creation of nanoemulsions using diverse biopolymers such as proteins, peptides, polysaccharides, and lipids to improve the stability, bioactivity, and bioavailability of active hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. This article provides a comprehensive overview of various techniques used to create and characterize nanoemulsions as well as theories for understanding their stability. The article also highlights the advancement of nanoemulsions in boosting the bioaccessibility of nutraceuticals to help advance their potential use in various food and pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehnaza Manzoor
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144411, India.
| | - Priyanshu Sharma
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Mohd Murtaza
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 H6K8, Ireland
| | - Sundeep Jaglan
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
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6
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Chen W, Li J, Ma Y, Shi R, Yu H, Gantumur MA, Bilawal A, Jiang Z. Binding interaction and stability of alpha-lactalbumin and retinol: Effects of pre- or post-acidification. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Elango J, Zamora-Ledezma C, Negrete-Bolagay D, Aza PND, Gómez-López VM, López-González I, Belén Hernández A, De Val JEMS, Wu W. Retinol-Loaded Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Hydrogels as Suitable Biomaterials with Antimicrobial Properties for the Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415623. [PMID: 36555266 PMCID: PMC9779207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels are well-known biomimetic 3D systems for mammalian cell cultures to mimic native tissues. Recently, several biomolecules were intended for use in PVA hydrogels to improve their biological properties. However, retinol, an important biomolecule, has not been combined with a PVA hydrogel for culturing bone marrow mesenchymal stem (BMMS) cells. Thus, for the first time, the effect of retinol on the physicochemical, antimicrobial, and cell proliferative properties of a PVA hydrogel was investigated. The ability of protein (3.15 nm) and mineral adsorption (4.8 mg/mL) of a PVA hydrogel was improved by 0.5 wt.% retinol. The antimicrobial effect of hydrogel was more significant in S. aureus (39.3 mm) than in E. coli (14.6 mm), and the effect was improved by increasing the retinol concentration. The BMMS cell proliferation was more upregulated in retinol-loaded PVA hydrogel than in the control at 7 days. We demonstrate that the respective in vitro degradation rate of retinol-loaded PVA hydrogels (RPH) (75-78% degradation) may promote both antibacterial and cellular proliferation. Interestingly, the incorporation of retinol did not affect the cell-loading capacity of PVA hydrogel. Accordingly, the fabricated PVA retinol hydrogel proved its compatibility in a stem cell culture and could be a potential biomaterial for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevithan Elango
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM-Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Correspondence: or (J.E.); (C.Z.-L.)
| | - Camilo Zamora-Ledezma
- Green and Innovative Technologies for Food, Environment and Bioengineering Research Group (FEnBeT), Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UCAM-Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: or (J.E.); (C.Z.-L.)
| | - Daniela Negrete-Bolagay
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Piedad N. De Aza
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Vicente M. Gómez-López
- Green and Innovative Technologies for Food, Environment and Bioengineering Research Group (FEnBeT), Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UCAM-Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ivan López-González
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair Group, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM-Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Hernández
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair Group, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM-Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Eduardo Maté Sánchez De Val
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM-Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Pickering high internal phase emulsions with excellent UV protection property stabilized by Spirulina protein isolate nanoparticles. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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9
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Yang Y, Yan S, Yu B, Gao C, Wang J. Hydrophobically modified inulin based nanoemulsions for enhanced stability and transdermal delivery of retinyl propionate. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Algahtani MS, Ahmad MZ, Ahmad J. Investigation of Factors Influencing Formation of Nanoemulsion by Spontaneous Emulsification: Impact on Droplet Size, Polydispersity Index, and Stability. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080384. [PMID: 36004909 PMCID: PMC9404776 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interest in nanoemulsion technology has increased steadily in recent years for its widespread applications in the delivery of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. Rational selection of the composition and the preparation method is crucial for developing a stable nanoemulsion system with desired physicochemical characteristics. In the present study, we investigate the influence of intricate factors including composition and preparation conditions that affect characteristic parameters and the stability of the nanoemulsion formation prepared by the spontaneous emulsification method. Octanoic acid, capryol 90, and ethyl oleate were selected to represent oil phases of different carbon–chain lengths. We explored the impact of the addition mode of the oil–Smix phase and aqueous phase, vortexing time, Km (surfactant/cosurfactant) ratio, and the replacement of water by buffers of different pH as an aqueous system. The phase behavior study showed that the Smix phase had a significant impact on the nanoemulsifying ability of the nanoemulsions composed of oil phases of varying carbon-chain lengths. The mode of mixing of the oil–Smix phase to the aqueous phase markedly influenced the mean droplet size and size distribution of the nanoemulsions composed of oil phases as capryol 90. Vortexing time also impacted the mean droplet size and the stability of the generated nanoemulsion system depending on the varying carbon-chain length of the oil phase. The replacement of the water phase by aqueous buffers of pH 1.2, 5.5, 6.8, and 7.4 has altered the mean droplet size and size distribution of the nanoemulsion system. Further, the Km ratio also had a significant influence on the formation of the nanoemulsion system. The findings of this investigation are useful in understanding how the formulation composition and process parameters of the spontaneous emulsification technique are responsible for affecting the physicochemical characteristics and stability of the nanoemulsion system composed of oil of varying carbon-chain (C8-C18) length.
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Sani MA, Tavassoli M, Azizi-Lalabadi M, Mohammadi K, McClements DJ. Nano-enabled plant-based colloidal delivery systems for bioactive agents in foods: Design, formulation, and application. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 305:102709. [PMID: 35640316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the impact of their dietary choices on the environment, animal welfare, and health, which is causing many of them to adopt more plant-based diets. For this reason, many sectors of the food industry are reformulating their products to contain more plant-based ingredients. This article describes recent research on the formation and application of nano-enabled colloidal delivery systems formulated from plant-based ingredients, such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and phospholipids. These delivery systems include nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoliposomes, nanophytosomes, and biopolymer nanoparticles. The composition, size, structure, and charge of the particles in these delivery systems can be manipulated to create novel or improved functionalities, such as improved robustness, higher optical clarity, controlled release, and increased bioavailability. There have been major advances in the design, assembly, and application of plant-based edible nanoparticles within the food industry over the past decade or so. As a result, there are now a wide range of different options available for creating delivery systems for specific applications. In the future, it will be important to establish whether these formulations can be produced using economically viable methods and provide the desired functionality in real-life applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Alizadeh Sani
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Tavassoli
- Student's Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Azizi-Lalabadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Keyhan Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Maurya VK, Shakya A, Bashir K, Kushwaha SC, McClements DJ. Vitamin A fortification: Recent advances in encapsulation technologies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2772-2819. [PMID: 35384290 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient whose deficiency is still a major health concern in many regions of the world. It plays an essential role in human growth and development, immunity, and vision, but may also help prevent several other chronic diseases. The total amount of vitamin A in the human diet often falls below the recommended dietary allowance of approximately 900-1000 μ $ \umu $ g/day for a healthy adult. Moreover, a significant proportion of vitamin A may be degraded during food processing, storage, and distribution, thereby reducing its bioactivity. Finally, the vitamin A in some foods has a relatively low bioavailability, which further reduces its efficacy. The World Health Organization has recommended fortification of foods and beverages as a safe and cost-effective means of addressing vitamin A deficiency. However, there are several factors that must be overcome before effective fortified foods can be developed, including the low solubility, chemical stability, and bioavailability of this oil-soluble vitamin. Consequently, strategies are required to evenly disperse the vitamin throughout food matrices, to inhibit its chemical degradation, to avoid any adverse interactions with any other food components, to ensure the food is palatable, and to increase its bioavailability. In this review article, we discuss the chemical, physical, and nutritional attributes of vitamin A, its main dietary sources, the factors contributing to its current deficiency, and various strategies to address these deficiencies, including diet diversification, biofortification, and food fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kumar Maurya
- Centre for Food Research and Analysis, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Haryana, India
| | - Amita Shakya
- Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Haryana, India.,Division of Biotechnology, Cytogene Research & Development, Lucknow, India
| | - Khalid Bashir
- Department of Food Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Satish Chand Kushwaha
- Centre for Food Research and Analysis, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Haryana, India
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Jun SH, Kim H, Lee H, Song JE, Park SG, Kang NG. Synthesis of Retinol-Loaded Lipid Nanocarrier via Vacuum Emulsification to Improve Topical Skin Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:826. [PMID: 33800335 PMCID: PMC7962639 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol has been widely used as an anti-wrinkle active ingredient in cosmetic fields. However, the oxidation of retinol by air was one of the critical problems for application in the skincare field. In this study, Retinol-loaded lipid nanocarriers were prepared via the vacuum emulsification method to increase the stability of retinol vulnerable to air and optimized encapsulation conditions and to increase the penetration efficiency into skin. Optimizing the components of lipid nanocarriers, gradients of carbon chain C8-22 using various lipid species which made the amorphous structure and enough spaces to load retinol inside the capsules were estimated from the lower enthalpy change and peak shift in DSC analysis. The vacuum-assisted lipid nanocarriers (VLN) could help suppress oxidation, which could have advantages to increase the thermal stability of retinol. The retinol-loaded VLN (VLN-ROL) had narrow size distribution under 0.3 PDI value, under 200 nm scaled particle size, and fully negative surface charge of about -50 mV for the electrostatic repulsion to avoid aggregation phenomenon among the lipid nanoparticles. It maintained 90% or more retinol concentration after 4 weeks of storage at 25, 40 and 50 °C and kept stable. The VLN-ROL-containing cream showed improved penetration efficiency applied to porcine skins compared to the commercial retinol 10S from BASF. The total amount of retinol into the skin of VLN-ROL (0.1% of retinol) was enhanced by about 2.2-fold (2.86 ± 0.23 μg) higher than that in 0.1% of bare retinol (about 1.29 ± 0.09 μg). In addition, applied on a 3D Human skin model, the epidermal thickness and the relative percentage of dermal collagen area effectively increased compared to the control and retinol, respectively. Additionally, the level of secreted IL-1α was lower and epidermal damage was weaker than commercial product A. This retinol-loaded lipid nanocarrier could be a potentially superior material for cosmetics and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Jun
- LG Household and Health Care R&D Center, Seoul 07795, Korea; (H.K.); (H.L.); (J.E.S.); (S.G.P.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nea-Gyu Kang
- LG Household and Health Care R&D Center, Seoul 07795, Korea; (H.K.); (H.L.); (J.E.S.); (S.G.P.)
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14
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McClements DJ. Advances in edible nanoemulsions: Digestion, bioavailability, and potential toxicity. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101081. [PMID: 33373615 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The design, fabrication, and application of edible nanoemulsions for the encapsulation and delivery of bioactive agents has been a highly active research field over the past decade or so. In particular, they have been widely used for the encapsulation and delivery of hydrophobic bioactive substances, such as hydrophobic drugs, lipids, vitamins, and phytochemicals. A great deal of progress has been made in creating stable edible nanoemulsions that can increase the stability and efficacy of these bioactive agents. This article highlights some of the most important recent advances within this area, including increasing the water-dispersibility of bioactives, protecting bioactives from chemical degradation during storage, increasing the bioavailability of bioactives after ingestion, and targeting the release of bioactives within the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, it highlights progress that is being made in creating plant-based edible nanoemulsions. Finally, the potential toxicity of edible nanoemulsions is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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15
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Temova Rakuša Ž, Škufca P, Kristl A, Roškar R. Retinoid stability and degradation kinetics in commercial cosmetic products. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:2350-2358. [PMID: 33206444 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoids as dermatological agents are effective against acne, psoriasis, skin aging, and other skin conditions. However, their susceptibility to degradation is a limiting factor for their widespread use. OBJECTIVES Within this study, we aimed to provide comprehensive and evidence-based information on retinoid stability and degradation kinetics in commercial cosmetics, focusing on different factors affecting their stability. METHODS A validated HPLC-UV methodology was utilized for determination of the most common retinoids in cosmetics (retinol, retinyl palmitate, β-carotene) and a newer promising retinoid (hydroxypinacolone retinoate). The stability of 16 retinoid derivatives in 12 commercial cosmetics was evaluated within 6 months of long-term and accelerated stability testing in addition to a one-week photostability study. Retinoid degradation in the tested formulations followed first-order kinetics, which was further applied to shelf-life prediction. RESULTS Long-term and accelerated stability testing revealed retinoid instabilities in almost all products, resulting in a 0%-80% decline after 6 months at 25°C and a 40%-100% decline at 40°C, which were kinetically evaluated. Light degradation was more pronounced than temperature-induced degradation. Among the studied retinoids, the stability of the newer hydroxypinacolone retinoate was the most prominent. This study also identifies correlations between retinoid concentrations, price, formulation, and their stability in cosmetics. CONCLUSIONS Retinoid instabilities were formulation-dependent and associated with lower contents than declared in some cosmetics. Retinoid chemical stability and physical stability in topical formulations need to be evaluated by real-time stability studies, instead of the more frequently used accelerated stability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petja Škufca
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Albin Kristl
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Roškar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Fabrication and characterization of emulsions stabilized by tannic acid-wheat starch complexes. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Teng F, He M, Xu J, Chen F, Wu C, Wang Z, Li Y. Effect of ultrasonication on the stability and storage of a soy protein isolate-phosphatidylcholine nanoemulsions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14010. [PMID: 32814779 PMCID: PMC7438485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine-soybean protein isolate (PC-SPI) nanoemulsions were prepared by ultrasonication. The effects of preparation conditions (SPI and PC addition, ultrasonic power and time) on the structural properties of the nanoemulsions and their storage stability were investigated. The results showed that the most optimal adsorption capacity and adsorption tightness at the oil-water interface under optimal conditions (1.5% SPI, 0.20% PC, 500 W ultrasonic power and 9 min ultrasonic time) were exhibited by the SPI-PC conjugate, which demonstrated that this nanoemulsions can be categorized as a high-quality emulsion suitable for research. To test its stability, and the high-quality nanoemulsion of β-carotene was stored. After degradation of the nanoemulsions during storage, β-carotene was released. The β-carotene retention rate of the high-quality emulsion was maintained above 86% at different temperatures in the absence of light for up to 30 days. This study provides new information for the development of transport and stability systems for nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Teng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mingyu He
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fanfan Chen
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changling Wu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhongjiang Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
- Harbin Institute of Food Industry, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
- Heilongjiang Academy of Green Food Science, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
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18
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Nanoemulgel for Improved Topical Delivery of Retinyl Palmitate: Formulation Design and Stability Evaluation. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050848. [PMID: 32353979 PMCID: PMC7711631 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinyl palmitate is a vitamin A ester belonging to the family of endogenous natural retinoid and used to treat various skin disorders like acne, skin aging, wrinkles, and dark spots, as well as to protect against psoriasis. Despite the known therapeutic benefits of retinyl palmitate, the conventional topical delivery of retinyl palmitate commonly associated with adverse reactions such as skin irritation, redness, excessive peeling, and dryness. Therefore, the current study aims to encapsulate the retinyl palmitate in nanoemulsion then incorporate it into a hydrogel system to improve the topical delivery and stability. Low-energy emulsification method was used for the nano-encapsulation of retinyl palmitate. The phase behavior study was used for the investigation and the optimization of the formulation. The droplet size of the optimized nanoemulsion was in nano dimension (16.71 nm) with low polydispersity index (PdI) (0.015), negative zeta potential (-20.6 mV). It demonstrated the influence of vortexing on droplet size and PdI during nanoemulsion preparation. The retinyl palmitate loaded nanoemulgel delivery system exhibited significant improvement (p < 0.05) in skin permeability after topical application. Employment of the nano-encapsulation approach afterward dispersion into hydrogel system for the development of a topical delivery system of retinyl palmitate resulted in improvement in its UV and storage stability as well.
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19
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Liu Q, Huang H, Chen H, Lin J, Wang Q. Food-Grade Nanoemulsions: Preparation, Stability and Application in Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2019; 24:E4242. [PMID: 31766473 PMCID: PMC6930561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoemulsions have attracted significant attention in food fields and can increase the functionality of the bioactive compounds contained within them. In this paper, the preparation methods, including low-energy and high-energy methods, were first reviewed. Second, the physical and chemical destabilization mechanisms of nanoemulsions, such as gravitational separation (creaming or sedimentation), flocculation, coalescence, Ostwald ripening, lipid oxidation and so on, were reviewed. Then, the impact of different stabilizers, including emulsifiers, weighting agents, texture modifiers (thickening agents and gelling agents), ripening inhibitors, antioxidants and chelating agents, on the physicochemical stability of nanoemulsions were discussed. Finally, the applications of nanoemulsions for the delivery of functional ingredients, including bioactive lipids, essential oil, flavor compounds, vitamins, phenolic compounds and carotenoids, were summarized. This review can provide some reference for the selection of preparation methods and stabilizers that will improve performance in nanoemulsion-based products and expand their usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (Q.L.)
| | - He Huang
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (Q.L.)
| | - Honghong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (Q.L.)
| | - Junfan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (Q.L.)
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Processing and Food Safety of Sichuan Province, College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (Q.L.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
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