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Negi T, Kumar A, Sharma SK, Rawat N, Saini D, Sirohi R, Prakash O, Dubey A, Dutta A, Shahi NC. Deep eutectic solvents: Preparation, properties, and food applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28784. [PMID: 38617909 PMCID: PMC11015381 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) emerge as innovative 21st-century solvents, supplanting traditional ones like ethanol and n-hexane. Renowned for their non-toxic, biodegradable, and water-miscible nature with reduced volatility, DESs are mostly synthesized through heating and stirring method. Physicochemical properties such as polarity, viscosity, density and surface tension of DESs influenced their application. This review paper gives the overview of application of eco-benign DESs in fruits, vegetables, cereals, pulses, spices, herbs, plantation crops, oil seed crops, medicinal and aromatic plants, seaweed, and milk for the extraction of bioactive compounds. Also, it gives insight of determination of pesticides, insecticides, hazardous and toxic compounds, removal of heavy metals, detection of illegal milk additive, purification of antibiotics and preparation of packaging film. Methodologies for separating bioactive compounds from DESs extracts are systematically examined. Further, safety regulations of DESs are briefly discussed and reviewed literature reveals prevalent utilization of DES-based bioactive compound rich extracts in cosmetics, indicating untapped potential of their application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Negi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Satish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neha Rawat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepa Saini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, 303329, Rajasthan, India
| | - Om Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashutosh Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anuradha Dutta
- Department of Foods & Nutrition, College of Community Sciences, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Navin Chand Shahi
- Department of Post-Harvest Process and Food Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, India
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Crescente G, Moccia S. Editorial to the Special Issue "Plant Extracts: From Extract Technology to Health Benefits". Foods 2024; 13:356. [PMID: 38338492 PMCID: PMC10855593 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The valorization of food industry waste is essential to the sustainable development of the agro-food industry, starting from the extraction of plant special metabolites, a challenge that still exists today [...].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania Moccia
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
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3
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Coscarella M, Nardi M, Alipieva K, Bonacci S, Popova M, Procopio A, Scarpelli R, Simeonov S. Alternative Assisted Extraction Methods of Phenolic Compounds Using NaDESs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:62. [PMID: 38247486 PMCID: PMC10812405 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A renewed understanding of eco-friendly principles is moving the industrial sector toward a shift in the utilization of less harmful solvents as a main strategy to improve manufacturing. Green analytical chemistry (GAC) has definitely paved the way for this transition by presenting green solvents to a larger audience. Among the most promising, surely DESs (deep eutectic solvents), NaDESs (natural deep eutectic solvents), HDESs (hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents), and HNaDESs (hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvents), with their unique features, manifest a wide-range of applications, including their use as a means for the extraction of small bioactive compounds. In examining recent advancements, in this review, we want to focus our attention on some of the most interesting and novel 'solvent-free' extraction techniques, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in relation to the possibility of better exploiting DESs and NaDESs as plausible extracting solvents of the phenolic compounds (PCs) present in different matrices from olive oil components, such as virgin olive pomace, olive leaves and twigs, virgin and extra virgin olive oil (VOO and EVOO, respectively), and olive cake and olive mill wastewaters (OMWW). Therefore, the status of DESs and NaDESs is shown in terms of their nature, efficacy and selectivity in the extraction of bioactive phytochemicals such as secoiridoids, lignans, phenolic acids and alcohols. Related studies on experimental design and processes' optimization of the most promising DESs/NaDESs are also reviewed. In this framework, an extensive list of relevant works found in the literature is described to consider DESs/NaDESs as a suitable alternative to petrochemicals in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, or food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Coscarella
- Department of Health Sciences, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Monica Nardi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Kalina Alipieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (M.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Milena Popova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (M.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Rosa Scarpelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (A.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Svilen Simeonov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str. Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.A.); (M.P.); (S.S.)
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4
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Jiménez-Amezcua I, López Martínez MI, Ruiz Matute AI, Sanz ML. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Solubility and Selective Fractionation of Bioactive Low Molecular Weight Carbohydrates. Foods 2023; 12:4355. [PMID: 38231866 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have been shown to be selective and environmentally friendly solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds. However, studies on the solubility of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates (LMWCs) in NADESs are scarce. In this work, new solubility data of LMWCs in NADESs are provided and a new approach based on the use of these solvents for the efficient fractionation of bioactive carbohydrates was explored for the first time. Several mono- and disaccharides and three NADESs based on choline chloride (ChCl) and different donors (2-ethylene glycol (EtG), glycerol (Gly) and ethanedioic acid dihydrate (Eth)) were considered. While the degradation of carbohydrates, mainly ketoses, was detected with ChCl:Eth due to its acidic nature, ChCl:EtG and ChCl:Gly were found to be useful alternatives for selectively separating bioactive ketoses and their corresponding aldoses (e.g., lactulose/lactose and tagatose/galactose) present in equimolar binary mixtures. In addition, the usefulness of ChCl:EtG for the selective enrichment of lactulose to be used as food ingredient or nutraceutical was proven (from a 25% in the reaction mixture to a 56% in the purified sample). NADESs could be used for the selective fractionation of value-added carbohydrates from interfering sugars for several applications, including food science, engineering or pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Jiménez-Amezcua
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U., C/Faraday, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Isabel Ruiz Matute
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luz Sanz
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Lai ZY, Yiin CL, Lock SSM, Chin BLF, Zauzi NSA, Sar-Ee S. A review on natural based deep eutectic solvents (NADESs): fundamentals and potential applications in removing heavy metals from soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:116878-116905. [PMID: 36917382 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural based deep eutectic solvent (NADES) is a promising green solvent to replace the conventional soil washing solvent due to the environmental benign properties such as low toxicity, high biodegradability, high polarity or hydrophilicity, and low cost of fabrication process. The application of NADES is intensively studied in the extraction of organic compounds or natural products from vegetations or organic matters. Conversely, the use of the solvent in removing heavy metals from soil is severely lacking. This review focuses on the potential application of NADES as a soil washing agent to remove heavy metal contaminants. Hydrophilicity is an important feature of a NADES to be used as a soil washing solvent. In this context, choline chloride is often used as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) whereby choline chloride based NADESs showed excellent performance in the extraction of various solutes in the past studies. The nature of NADES along with its chemistry, preparation and designing methods as well as potential applications were comprehensively reviewed. Subsequently, related studies on choline chloride-based NADES in heavy metal polluted soil remediation were also reviewed. Potential applications in removing other soil contaminants as well as the limitations of NADES were discussed based on the current advancements of soil washing and future research directions were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ying Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Chung Loong Yiin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
- Institute of Sustainable and Renewable Energy (ISuRE), Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Serene Sow Mun Lock
- CO2 Research Center (CO2RES), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Bridgid Lai Fui Chin
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Energy and Environment Research Cluster, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syuhada Ahmad Zauzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sherena Sar-Ee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
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6
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Xia H, Lv C, Lu Y, Zeng C, Qin S, Shi M. Natural deep eutectic ready to use extract of astilbin: Super high in vitro bioaccessibility, α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition kinetics. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113368. [PMID: 37803707 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Astilbin, a natural flavonoid, possesses multiple functionalities, while the poor bioavailability seriously restricts its application in functional food and medicine. Therefore, in this study, a natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) with choline chloride: lactic acid (CHCL-LAC) is selected to deliver astilbin by evaluating the bioaccessibility and antioxidant capacity during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, and the inhibitory effect with underlying mechanism of astilbin-CHCL-LAC against α-amylase/α-glucosidase were investigated. The CHCL-LAC showed significant high astilbin bioaccessibility (84.1% bioaccessible) and DPPH and ORAC antioxidant capacity with 75.7% and 57.7% respectively after 3 h in vitro digestion, which may be attributed by hydrogen bond based supramolecule formed between astilbin and CHCL-LAC. Moreover, significant inhibitions of astilbin-CHCL-LAC on α-amylase (IC50 of 0.67 g/L) and α-glucosidase (IC50 of 0.64 g/L) were observed in mixed competitive and non-competitive manners. The dominant binding force between enzymes and astilbin were the hydrogen and hydrophobic interaction. This is the first time that the underlying mechanisms for astilbin delivered by NaDESs were revealed, suggesting that CHCL-LAC-based NaDESs are promising ready-to-use vehicles of natural inhibitors for carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Xia
- Lab of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chenghao Lv
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- Lab of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chaoxi Zeng
- Lab of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Si Qin
- Lab of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Meng Shi
- Lab of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Zhou M, Fakayode OA, Li H. Green Extraction of Polyphenols via Deep Eutectic Solvents and Assisted Technologies from Agri-Food By-Products. Molecules 2023; 28:6852. [PMID: 37836694 PMCID: PMC10574355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are the largest group of phytochemicals with important biological properties. Their presence in conveniently available low-cost sources, such as agri-food by-products, has gained considerable attention in their recovery and further exploitation. Retrieving polyphenols in a green and sustainable way is crucial. Recently, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been identified as a safe and environmentally benign medium capable of extracting polyphenols efficiently. This review encompasses the current knowledge and applications of DESs and assisted technologies to extract polyphenols from agri-food by-products. Particular attention has been paid to fundamental mechanisms and potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. In this way, DESs and DESs-assisted with advanced techniques offer promising opportunities to recover polyphenols from agri-food by-products efficiently, contributing to a circular and sustainable economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (O.A.F.)
| | - Olugbenga Abiola Fakayode
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (O.A.F.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Haoxin Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (O.A.F.)
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Crescente G, Cascone G, Petruzziello A, Bouymajane A, Volpe MG, Russo GL, Moccia S. A Comparative Study between Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity (MHG) and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE): Chemical and Biological Characterization of Polyphenol-Enriched Extracts from Aglianico Grape Pomace. Foods 2023; 12:2678. [PMID: 37509770 PMCID: PMC10378583 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The wine industry produces large amounts of grape pomace (GP), a waste that needs to be disposed of properly. Bioactive compounds with high added value can be recovered from GP as an interesting strategy to reduce the environmental impact. Here, two different technologies were employed to recover polyphenol compounds from GP: microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The further purification of UAE and MHG extracts was carried out through solid-phase extraction (SPE) to obtain three fractions, F1, F2 and F3. ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of sugar and polysaccharide components in F1, as well as non-anthocyanin and anthocyanin compounds in F2 and F3, respectively. Also, the chemical profile was determined by HPLC-UV-DAD, identifying the presence of catechin in F2, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside chloride and cyanidin chloride derivative as the main anthocyanin compounds in F3. The fractions and their parental extracts were characterized for total phenolic content (TPC) and scavenger activity by in vitro assays. We found that F2-MHG and F3-MHG contained phenol contents 6.5 and 8.5 times higher than those of the parental non-fractionated extracts. Finally, F3-MHG (100 μg/mL, w/v) was shown to reduce the proliferation of HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Cascone
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Aziz Bouymajane
- National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Volpe
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Stefania Moccia
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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Viñas-Ospino A, Panić M, Radojčić- Redovniković I, Blesa J, Esteve M. Using novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents to improve a sustainable carotenoid extraction from orange peels. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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10
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Zhou M, Fakayode OA, Ren M, Li H, Liang J, Zhou C. Green and sustainable extraction of lignin by deep eutectic solvent, its antioxidant activity, and applications in the food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-19. [PMID: 36815260 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2181762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, an amorphous biomacromolecule abundantly distributed in the plant kingdom, has gained considerable attention due to its intrinsic bioactivities and renewable nature. Owing to its polyphenolic structure, lignin has a variety of human health activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antitumor, and other activities. The extraction of lignin from various sources in a green and sustainable manner is critical in the food industry. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has recently been recognized as a class of safe and environmentally friendly media capable of efficiently extracting lignin. This article comprehensively reviews the recent advances in lignin extraction using DES, discusses the influential factors on the antioxidant activity of lignin, interprets the relationship between antioxidant activity and lignin structure, and overviews the applications of lignin in the food industry. We aim to highlight the advantages of DES in lignin extraction and valorization from the nutrition and food views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Olugbenga Abiola Fakayode
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Manni Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Haoxin Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Jiakang Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
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Green Solvents: Emerging Alternatives for Carotenoid Extraction from Fruit and Vegetable By-Products. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040863. [PMID: 36832938 PMCID: PMC9956085 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have important implications for human health and the food industry due to their antioxidant and functional properties. Their extraction is a crucial step for being able to concentrate them and potentially include them in food products. Traditionally, the extraction of carotenoids is performed using organic solvents that have toxicological effects. Developing greener solvents and techniques for extracting high-value compounds is one of the principles of green chemistry and a challenge for the food industry. This review will analyze the use of green solvents, namely, vegetable oils, supercritical fluids, deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquids, and limonene, combined with nonconventional techniques (ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave), for carotenoid extraction from fruit and vegetable by-products as upcoming alternatives to organic solvents. Recent developments in the isolation of carotenoids from green solvents and their inclusion in food products will also be discussed. The use of green solvents offers significant advantages in extracting carotenoids, both by decreasing the downstream process of solvent elimination, and the fact that the carotenoids can be included directly in food products without posing a risk to human health.
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Popović BM, Gligorijević N, Aranđelović S, Macedo AC, Jurić T, Uka D, Mocko-Blažek K, Serra AT. Cytotoxicity profiling of choline chloride-based natural deep eutectic solvents. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3520-3527. [PMID: 36756554 PMCID: PMC9891074 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07488e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine in detail for the first time the cytotoxic profile of twelve choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents (NADES) against HT-29, Caco-2, MCF-7, and MRC-5 cell lines. All NADES systems were synthesized by microwave synthesis using choline chloride as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and selected sugars, alcohols, organic acids, and urea as hydrogen bond donors (HBD) with the addition of 20% water (w/w) to all systems. It was observed that the cytotoxic effect predominantly depended on the structure of HBD. Acidic systems, where HBDs were organic acids showed the highest cytotoxic effects in all investigated cell lines. The cytotoxicity depended mostly on the concentration of the NADES system in the cell medium as well as on the chemical constitution of the investigated systems. The highest cytotoxic effects showed acidic systems, especially to the HT-29 cell line. The EC50 value for the citric acid-based system was 3.91 mg mL-1 for the HT-29 cell line which was the most vulnerable to acidic NADES systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris M. Popović
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi SadTrg Dositeja Obradovića 821000 Novi SadSerbia+381 21 450 857+381 21 485 3424
| | - Nevenka Gligorijević
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of SerbiaPasterova 1411000 BelgradeSerbia
| | - Sandra Aranđelović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of SerbiaPasterova 1411000 BelgradeSerbia
| | - Ana Catarina Macedo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaAvenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 OeirasPortugal,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA)Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 OeirasPortugal
| | - Tatjana Jurić
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8 21000 Novi Sad Serbia +381 21 450 857 +381 21 485 3424
| | - Denis Uka
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8 21000 Novi Sad Serbia +381 21 450 857 +381 21 485 3424
| | - Karolina Mocko-Blažek
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8 21000 Novi Sad Serbia +381 21 450 857 +381 21 485 3424
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e TecnológicaAvenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 OeirasPortugal,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA)Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 OeirasPortugal
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Khosroshahi ED, Razavi SH. Wheat germ valorization by fermentation: A novel insight into the stabilization, nutritional/functional values and therapeutic potentials with emphasis on anti-cancer effects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Isabel Landim Neves M, Socas-Rodríguez B, Valdés A, Keven Silva E, Cifuentes A, Angela A. Meireles M, Ibáñez E. Synergic effect of natural deep eutectic solvent and high-intensity ultrasound on obtaining a ready-to-use genipin extract: Crosslinking and anti-neurodegenerative properties. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Mushtaq M, Butt FW, Akram S, Ashraf R, Ahmed D. Deep Eutectic Liquids as Tailorable Extraction Solvents: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-27. [PMID: 36148704 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2125284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Liquids (DELs) fall among the rapidly evolving discoveries of the 21st century, and these liquids are considered as alternative solvents to toxic and volatile organic liquids. Nevertheless, the emerging trend regarding the use of DELs in every field of physical and biological sciences, a lot of ambiguities and misconceptions exist about their formation, mechanism, and efficiencies observed or projected. A review of available technical data makes it obvious that these liquids have the potential to revolutionize the underdeveloped areas of analytical chemistry particularly the extraction/enrichment of analytes. To ensure the green and sustainable use of DELs, the researchers need to have a thorough understanding of DELs, their classification, chemistry, the nature and strength of molecular entanglements, and their tailorable features. Many researchers have declared these liquids recyclable but more attentive trials are needed to develop an authentic and straightforward DELs recycling methodology. The present review covers sound background knowledge and expert opinions about the technical definition of DELs, their classification, formation, recyclability, and tailorable features for their application as extraction solvent/sorbent in analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faizan Waseem Butt
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumia Akram
- Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Dildar Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Optimization of Extraction and HPLC–MS/MS Profiling of Phenolic Compounds from Red Grape Seed Extracts Using Conventional and Deep Eutectic Solvents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081595. [PMID: 36009314 PMCID: PMC9405313 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Winemaking generates large quantities of grape waste consisting of seeds, skin and stalks. Given that grape seeds are a rich source of different bioactive compounds, the main goal of this research was to optimize grape seed phenol extraction using a Box–Behnken design. The following conditions were derived from the optimization process: sample:solvent ratio of 1:10 w/v, extraction time of 30 min and extraction temperature of 50 °C. In addition, a sustainable (green) approach for obtaining extracts was developed by comparing choline chloride:citric acid-ChCit (natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES)) and ethanol extraction methods with respect to phenol profiles and antioxidant activity. This study was conducted on seeds from eight different red grape varieties. Phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and procyanidins were characterized using HPLC–MS/MS, and the concentration of procyanidin B1 was above 1 mg/g of dry weight in all analyzed samples. The contents of all phenol classes and antioxidant activities were found to not differ significantly between the solvents, but NADES was found to offer valuable advantages. Importantly, ChCit showed a strong affinity toward procyanidins and a strong correlation between antioxidant activity and quantified phenolic compounds.
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Bener M, Şen FB, Önem AN, Bekdeşer B, Çelik SE, Lalikoglu M, Aşçı YS, Capanoglu E, Apak R. Microwave-assisted extraction of antioxidant compounds from by-products of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) using natural deep eutectic solvents: Modeling, optimization and phenolic characterization. Food Chem 2022; 385:132633. [PMID: 35279500 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally friendly method using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for the recovery of bioactive compounds from hazelnut pomace (a hazelnut oil process by-product) was developed to contribute to their sustainable valorization. Eight different NADES were prepared for the extraction of antioxidant constituents from hazelnut pomace, and choline chloride:1,2-propylene glycol (CC-PG) was determined as the most suitable NADES, considering their extraction efficiency and physicochemical properties. After selecting suitable NADES, operational parameters for the MAE process of antioxidants from hazelnut pomace were optimized and modeled using response surface methodology. For the highest recovery of antioxidants, the operational parameters of the MAE process were found to be 24% water, 38 min, 92 °C and 18 mL/0.1 g-DS. Under optimized conditions, extracts of both pomace as a by-product and unprocessed hazelnut flours of three different hazelnut samples (Tombul, Çakıldak, and Palaz) were prepared, and their antioxidant capacities were evaluated by spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant capacities of CC-PG extracts of all hazelnut samples were 2-3 times higher than those of ethanolic extracts. In addition, phenolic characterization of the prepared extracts was carried out using the UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS system. The results of this study suggest that hazelnut by-products can potentially be considered an important and readily available source of natural antioxidants. Furthermore, the modeled MAE procedure has the potential to create an effective and sustainable alternative for pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bener
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Fatih, 34126 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Furkan Burak Şen
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nur Önem
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Bekdeşer
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saliha Esin Çelik
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melisa Lalikoglu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Selim Aşçı
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Fatih, 34126 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sustainable Development and Storage Stability of Orange By-Products Extract Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162457. [PMID: 36010457 PMCID: PMC9407522 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The citrus industry produces large amounts of waste rich in bioactive compounds that have important effects on human health. Their extraction was performed using organic solvents, and a greener alternative to those solvents are natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). The present study aimed to obtain and optimize extracts rich in polyphenols and flavonoids from orange peels using NADES and monitor polyphenol stability in the extracts for 30 days. The software COSMOtherm (conductor-like screening model) was used to screen fourteen NADES. The most promising solvents were lactic acid:glucose (LA:Glu) with an extraction yield of 1932 ± 7.83 mgGAE/100 gdw for TPC (total polyphenol content) and 82.7 ± 3.0 mg/100 gdw for TFC (total flavonoid content) and in the case of L-proline:malic acid (LP:MA) was 2164 ± 5.17 mgGAE/100 gdw for TPC and 97.0 ± 1.65 mg/100 gdw for TFC. The extraction process using LA:Glu and LP:MA was optimized, and the results showed that the selected variables (%NADES, solid:liquid ratio, and extraction time) had a significant influence on the extraction of TPC and TFC. Results showed that NADES improve the stability of TPC. These findings revealed that NADES are efficient for the extraction of bioactive compounds from orange by-products, and these extracts can represent an alternative for the food industry to enrich food products with natural ingredients.
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Kaoui S, Chebli B, Ait Baddi G, Basaid K, Mir Y. Response surface modeling and optimization of the extraction conditions using lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents as green alternative extraction media for Mentha pulegium. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:906-914. [PMID: 35707926 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most recurrently available organic solvents are toxic and inflammable and pose high risks to human health. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have been developed as promising green alternatives. OBJECTIVE We aimed to extract polyphenolic compounds from Mentha pulegium using lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents. Extraction parameters were optimized by response surface methodology. MATERIAL AND METHODS Combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction, three different lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents were investigated for the extraction of polyphenols. Methanol (80%, v/v) was used for comparison. The optimized influencing factors were: water content in solvent, extraction time, and temperature. The design was adopted including 17 experiments with three center points. RESULTS All NADESs tested showed an excellent extraction efficacy compared to 80% methanol. Under the optimized conditions, with 45% of water, at 30°C, and for extraction 90 min, the highest extraction yields were recorded using lactic acid:sodium acetate (3:1), achieving 173.35 ± 0.02 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight (dw) of polyphenols and 95 ± 0.09% antioxidant activity. After extraction for 90 min at 80°C with 18% of water, we obtained 164.06 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g dw and 94 ± 0.02% antioxidant activity using lactic acid:glucose (5:1). Efficient recovery (64.92 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g dw and 97 ± 0.1% antioxidant activity) was achieved using lactic acid:glycine (3:1) with 31% of water, at 35°C, and extraction for 30 min. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that with optimized parameters, the proposed natural solvents are excellent alternatives to chemical ones for the extraction of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Kaoui
- Laboratory of Mechanic Process Energy and Environment, National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Chebli
- Laboratory of Mechanic Process Energy and Environment, National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Ghita Ait Baddi
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur et le Management de l'Energie (LASIME) Equipe Bioporcèdès et Environnement, National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Khadija Basaid
- Laboratory of Mechanic Process Energy and Environment, National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Youssef Mir
- MIBCM, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
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Food Industry Byproducts as Starting Material for Innovative, Green Feed Formulation: A Sustainable Alternative for Poultry Feeding. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154735. [PMID: 35897911 PMCID: PMC9332232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Rising global populations and enhanced standards of living in so-called developing countries have led to an increased demand of food, in particular meat, worldwide. While increasing the production of broiler meat could be a potential solution to this problem, broiler meat is plagued by health concerns, such as the development of antimicrobial resistance and lower meat quality. For this reason, the supplementation of poultry feed with vitamins and antioxidant compounds, such as polyphenols, has become an attractive prospect for research in this sector. Such supplements could be obtained by extraction of agricultural byproducts (in particular, grape pomaces and artichoke leaves and bracts), thus contributing to reductions in the total amount of waste biomass produced by the agricultural industry. In this review, the effects of poultry feed supplementation with bioactive extracts from grape pomace (skins and/or seeds), as well as extracts from artichoke leaves and bracts, were explored. Moreover, the various methods that have been employed to obtain extracts from these and other agricultural byproducts were listed and described, with a particular focus on novel, eco-friendly extraction methods (using, for example, innovative and biocompatible solvents like Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs)) that could reduce the costs and energy consumption of these procedures, with similar or higher yields compared to standard methods.
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Khosroshahi ED, Razavi SH, Kaini H, Aghakhani A. Improvement of stability and antioxidant activity of wheat germ by mixed fermentation versus single fermentation. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:2905-2912. [PMID: 35734138 PMCID: PMC9206948 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat germ is a high-nutrient by-product from the milling industry with very limited optimal consumption due to its short shelf life. The severe activity of endogenous lipase and lipoxygenase is associated with the release of fatty acids which are responsible for the rancidity and shelf-life deficiency. Reducing these enzymes activity is essential for prolonging the wheat germ shelf-life. For this purpose, the mixed and simple fermentation of different wheat germ concentrations (10, 15 and 20% w/v wheat germ in distilled water) with Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus was investigated to improve the stability of wheat germ by restraining the activity of the enzymes. Fermentation noticeably reduced the activity of the enzymes in all samples (ranges from 50 to 82.15% for lipase and 55.34 to 72 for lipoxygenase in different treatments), but the mixed-fermented wheat germ with the maximum concentration (20%) achieved the highest reduction level in both enzymes inactivation. Fermentation also resulted in an obvious increase in antioxidant activity from 51.18% in raw wheat germ to more than 72.73% in different samples, which mixed fermentation of 20% wheat germ suspension with the value of 89.76 was ranked first.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. D. Khosroshahi
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, 3158777871 Karaj, Iran
| | - S. H. Razavi
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, 3158777871 Karaj, Iran
| | - H. Kaini
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Lab (BBL), Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, 3158777871 Karaj, Iran
| | - A. Aghakhani
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, 3158777871 Karaj, Iran
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22
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Rebocho S, Mano F, Cassel E, Anacleto B, Bronze MDR, Paiva A, Duarte ARC. Fractionated extraction of polyphenols from mate tea leaves using a combination of hydrophobic/ hydrophilic NADES. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:571-580. [PMID: 35330867 PMCID: PMC8938280 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A new methodology for the selective extraction of antioxidants from mate tea leaves (and decaffeinated mate tea leaves), using different natural deep eutectic systems (NADES), is reported in this paper. A fractionated extraction was carried out and the optimization of the extraction conditions such as solid/liquid ratio, temperature, time, stirring and the use of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) technology was performed. The results demonstrate that a sequential extraction using, in a first step, an hydrophobic system Men:Lau (2:1) and, in a second step, an hydrophilic lactic acid-based NADES, leads to two distinct extracts: the first one rich in pigments and the second one rich in polyphenols. NADES systems were able to extract 30% more of the polyphenolic components of the mate tea leaves matrices, when compared with traditional solvents/techniques. Moreover, it has been shown that the incorporation of the extract in the NADES, compared to the same extract in aqueous medium was beneficial for the stabilization of the antioxidants. It maintains their functionality at least for three months, reaching 41% more versus the extracts obtained by traditional solvents/techniques. The absence of caffeine in the extracts did not shown to have any effects on the stability results. NADES proved to be more effective extraction solvent compared to conventional techniques. Fractionated extraction method using different classes of NADES as extraction medium. Novel technique to extract the major compounds of mate tea leaves. The extract incorporated in the NADES is beneficial for the stabilization of the antioxidants. Final product is 100% natural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rebocho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Francisca Mano
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Cassel
- Laboratório de Operações Unitárias, Escola Politécnica, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Anacleto
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781 - 901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria do Rosário Bronze
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781 - 901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy (FFULisboa) and Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Paiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita C. Duarte
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
- Corresponding author.
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Zhao Y, Wan H, Yang J, Huang Y, He Y, Wan H, Li C. Ultrasound-assisted preparation of 'Ready-to-use' extracts from Radix Paeoniae Rubra with natural deep eutectic solvents and neuroprotectivity evaluation of the extracts against cerebral ischemic/ reperfusion injury. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 84:105968. [PMID: 35272238 PMCID: PMC8908277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) is widely applied in the extraction of nutrients from natural resources as a greener alternative for fossil solvent. In the present work, 27 different NaDESs were screened for the extraction of paeoniflorin (PF) and galloyl paeoniflorin (GPF) from Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR). After screening and extraction parameter optimization, the extraction yields of PF and GPF reached up to 182.8 mg/g and 77.4 mg/g with the selected NaDES, ChCl-Sor. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity in vitro and neuroprotectivity in vivo of the 'ready-to-use' extracts were evaluated comprehensively. Especially in vivo, the cerebral ischemic/ reperfusion injury model was established in rats and the protective effects of the RPR extracts were determined. The results not only proved that NaDES is a valuable green extraction media, but also indicated the safety and potential pharmaceutical application of NaDES based 'ready-to-use' extracts from medical plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China
| | - Haofang Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China.
| | - Chang Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China.
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Sequential one-pot NaDES assisted extraction and biotransformation of rice bran: A new strategy to boost antioxidant activity of natural extracts. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Ultrasound-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent extraction of anthocyanin from black carrots: Optimization, cytotoxicity, in-vitro bioavailability and stability. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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26
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Grape Pomace Valorization by Extraction of Phenolic Polymeric Pigments: A Review. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been a growing concern about environmental pollution linked to the generation of agroindustrial waste. The wine industry generates approximately 8.49 million tons of grape pomace per year worldwide; this residue can be used to obtain compounds with biological activity. Grape pomace is a source of anthocyanins, pigments that have antioxidant properties and help prevent cardiovascular disease. The development of sustainable extraction, purification and identification techniques constitutes an important step in adding value to this waste. Therefore, the present research has focused on presenting a review of works carried out in the last years.
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Martinengo P, Arunachalam K, Shi C. Polyphenolic Antibacterials for Food Preservation: Review, Challenges, and Current Applications. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102469. [PMID: 34681518 PMCID: PMC8536111 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural alternatives replacing artificial additives have gained much attention in the consumer’s view because of the growing search for clean label products that are devoid of carcinogenic and toxic effects. Plant polyphenols are considered as suitable alternative natural preservatives with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, their uses in the food industry are undermined by a series of limitations such as low solubility and stability during food processing and storage, lack of standardization, and undesirable organoleptic properties. Different approaches in the use of polyphenols have been proposed in order to overcome the current hurdles related to food preservation. This review article specifically focuses on the antibacterial activity of plant-derived polyphenols as well as their applications as food preservatives, main challenges, and other trends in the food industry.
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Greener Is Better: First Approach for the Use of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) to Extract Antioxidants from the Medicinal Halophyte Polygonum maritimum L. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206136. [PMID: 34684717 PMCID: PMC8536975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) formed by choline chloride (ChCl), sucrose, fructose, glucose, and xylose, were used to extract antioxidants from the halophyte Polygonum maritimum L. (sea knotgrass) and compared with conventional solvents (ethanol and acetone). NADES and conventional extracts were made by an ultrasound-assisted procedure and evaluated for in vitro antioxidant properties by the radical scavenging activity (RSA) on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and copper chelating activity (CCA). Samples were profiled by liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-QTOF-MS analysis. ChCl:fructose was more efficient in the DPPH assay, than the acetone extract. ChCl:sucrose and ChCl:fructose extracts had the highest ORAC when compared with the acetone extract. NADES extracts had higher CCA, than the acetone extract. The phenolic composition of the NADES extracts was less complex than the conventional extracts, but the proportions of major antioxidants, such as flavonols and flavan-3-ols, were similar in all the solvents. Myricitrin was the major flavonoid in all of the samples, while gallic acid was the main phenolic acid in the conventional extracts and present in a greater amount in ChCl:fructose. Results suggest that NADES containing ChCl and sucrose/fructose can replace conventional solvents, especially acetone, in the extraction of antioxidants from sea knotgrass.
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Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) as Green Extraction Media of Beneficial Bioactive Phytochemicals. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are a mixture of two or more components and are classified as ionic solvents with special properties such as low volatility, high solubility, low melting points, low-cost materials and are less toxic to humans. Using DES has been suggested as an eco-friendly, green method for extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants and are a safe alternative for nutritional, pharmaceutical and various sector applications. Conventional solvent extraction methods present drawbacks such as long extraction period, safety issues, harmful to the environment, costly and large volume of solvents required. The extraction method with DES leads to higher extraction yield and better bioactivity results as compared to the conventional solvents. This review provides a summary of research progress regarding the advantages of using DES to extract bioactive compounds such as phenolic acid, flavonoids, isoflavones, catechins, polysaccharides, curcuminoids, proanthocyanidin, phycocyanin, gingerols, ginsenosides, anthocyanin, xanthone, volatile monoterpenes, tannins, lignin, pectin, rutin, tert-butyl hydroquinone, chlorogenic acids, resveratrol and others, as opposed to using conventional solvents. The bioactivity of the extracts is determined using antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor activities. Hence, DESs are considered potential green media with selective and efficient properties for extracting bioactive ingredients from medicinal plants.
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Hikmawanti NPE, Ramadon D, Jantan I, Mun’im A. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES): Phytochemical Extraction Performance Enhancer for Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Product Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2091. [PMID: 34685899 PMCID: PMC8538609 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural products from plants were extracted and widely studied for their activities against many disease conditions. The selection of the extracting solvent is crucial to develop selective and effective methods for the extraction and isolation of target compounds in the plant matrices. Pharmacological properties of plant extracts and their bioactive principles are related to their excellent solubility, stability, and bioavailability when administered by different routes. This review aims to critically analyze natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as green solvents in their application to improve the extraction performance of plant metabolites in terms of their extractability besides the stability, bioactivity, solubility, and bioavailability. Herein, the opportunities for NADES to be used in pharmaceutical formulations development including plant metabolites-based nutraceuticals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Putu Ermi Hikmawanti
- Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Cluster of Health Sciences Building, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, East Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 13460, Indonesia
| | - Delly Ramadon
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia;
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Abdul Mun’im
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Cluster of Health Sciences Building, Depok, West Java 16424, Indonesia
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Fu X, Belwal T, He Y, Xu Y, Li L, Luo Z. UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS characterization of phenolic constituents and the influence of natural deep eutectic solvents on extraction of Carya cathayensis Sarg. peels: Composition, extraction mechanism and in vitro biological activities. Food Chem 2021; 370:131042. [PMID: 34500297 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) has received increasing interest as a green alternative to traditional organic solvents for efficient extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources. In this study, phytochemicals in Carya cathayensis Sarg. peels extracted with Choline chloride-Malic acid (ChCl-MA) were identified using UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS. Effect of NADES on phenolic composition, antioxidant properties and inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase were evaluated. Furthermore, extraction mechanism caused by different solvents were investigated by quantum chemical calculation combined with molecular dynamic simulation. A total of 29 phytochemicals were identified, and catechin, procyanidin B1, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, pinocembrin, procyanidin B3, myricetrin were the most abundant compounds. The extract using ChCl-MA exhibited the highest phenolic compounds content, antioxidant capacity, and α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activities. Larger solvent accessible surface area, more hydrogen bonds between ChCl-MA and extract, longer lifetime of the hydrogen bonds, and lower intermolecular interaction energy account for higher extraction efficiency of ChCl-MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhe Fu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yihan He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, PR China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Grape Pomace for Topical Application: Green NaDES Sustainable Extraction, Skin Permeation Studies, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities Characterization in 3D Human Keratinocytes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081181. [PMID: 34439847 PMCID: PMC8393215 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Food waste is a global problem due to its environmental and economic impact, so there is great demand for the exploitation of new functional applications. The winemaking process leads to an incomplete extraction of high-value compounds, leaving the pomace still rich in polyphenols. This study was aimed at optimising and validating sustainable routes toward the extraction and further valorisation of these polyphenols, particularly for cosmeceutical applications. New formulations based on red grape pomace polyphenols and natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) were here investigated, namely betaine combined with citric acid (BET-CA), urea (BET-U) and ethylene glycol (BET-EG), in which DESs were used both as extracting and carrying agents for polyphenols. The flavonoid profile determined by HPLC-MS/MS analysis showed similar malvidin content (51-56 μg mL-1) in the DES combinations, while BET-CA gave the best permeation performance in Franz cells, so it was further investigated in 3D human keratinocytes (HaCat spheroids) injured with the pro-oxidant agent menadione. BET-CA treatment showed good intracellular antioxidant activity (IC50 0.15 ± 0.02 μg mL-1 in malvidin content) and significantly decreased (p < 0.001) the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8, improving cell viability. Thus, BET-CA formulation is worthy of investigation for potential use as a cosmetic ingredient to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, which are causes of skin aging.
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COSMOtherm as an Effective Tool for Selection of Deep Eutectic Solvents Based Ready-To-Use Extracts from Graševina Grape Pomace. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164722. [PMID: 34443311 PMCID: PMC8398964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop an industrially suitable process for the sustainable waste disposal in wine production. The proposed process involves the development of an environmentally friendly method for the isolation of biologically active compounds from Graševina grape pomace according to the green extraction principles, in order to obtain a ready-to-use extract. In this process, deep eutectic solvents (DES) were used as extraction solvents. Aiming to save time in selecting the optimal DES that would provide the most efficient Graševina pomace polyphenols extraction, the user-friendly software COSMOtherm was used and 45 DES were screened. Moreover, the prepared extracts were chemically and biologically characterized to confirm their safety for human application. Computational and experimental results proved the applicability of COSMOtherm in the selection of the optimal DES for the environmentally friendly preparation of the ready-to-use extract from Graševina grape pomace with expected application in the cosmetic industry.
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Zuo J, Geng S, Kong Y, Ma P, Fan Z, Zhang Y, Dong A. Current Progress in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Active Components from Plants. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:177-198. [PMID: 34324395 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1946659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have gained more and more attention due to their green, convenient preparation, low toxicity and biodegradability. It is widely used in various fields, especially in the extraction of active components from plants, formed by the combination of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) and hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) at a certain condition. In this article, six preparation methods of NADESs were summarized and the interactions that occur in the eutectic behavior of NADES including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction and van der Waals force were also reviewed. What is more, its significant extraction capacity on flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids and plant pigments endows its extensive applications in the extraction of active components from medicinal plants. Extraction factors including solvents properties (viscosity, carbon chain length, number of hydroxyl groups), extraction condition (water content, extraction temperature, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio), extraction method and recycling method were discussed. In addition, NADESs can also be combined with other technologies, like molecular imprinting, monolithic column, to achieve efficient and specific extraction of active ingredients. Further systematic studies on the biodegradability and biotoxicity are put forward to be urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zuo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolian University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuqin Geng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolian University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yangzhi Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolian University, Hohhot, China
| | - Peirong Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolian University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhaosheng Fan
- Technology Center, Shanghai Tobacco Group Beijing Cigarette Factory Co.,Ltd, Tongzhou Dis, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolian University, Hohhot, China
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.,Engineering Research Center of Dairy Products Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolian University, Hohhot, China
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Flieger J, Flieger W, Baj J, Maciejewski R. Antioxidants: Classification, Natural Sources, Activity/Capacity Measurements, and Usefulness for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4135. [PMID: 34361329 PMCID: PMC8347950 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural extracts are the source of many antioxidant substances. They have proven useful not only as supplements preventing diseases caused by oxidative stress and food additives preventing oxidation but also as system components for the production of metallic nanoparticles by the so-called green synthesis. This is important given the drastically increased demand for nanomaterials in biomedical fields. The source of ecological technology for producing nanoparticles can be plants or microorganisms (yeast, algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, and bacteria). This review presents recently published research on the green synthesis of nanoparticles. The conditions of biosynthesis and possible mechanisms of nanoparticle formation with the participation of bacteria are presented. The potential of natural extracts for biogenic synthesis depends on the content of reducing substances. The assessment of the antioxidant activity of extracts as multicomponent mixtures is still a challenge for analytical chemistry. There is still no universal test for measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC). There are many in vitro chemical tests that quantify the antioxidant scavenging activity of free radicals and their ability to chelate metals and that reduce free radical damage. This paper presents the classification of antioxidants and non-enzymatic methods of testing antioxidant capacity in vitro, with particular emphasis on methods based on nanoparticles. Examples of recent studies on the antioxidant activity of natural extracts obtained from different species such as plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, lichens, actinomycetes were collected, giving evaluation methods, reference antioxidants, and details on the preparation of extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
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da Silva DT, Smaniotto FA, Costa IF, Baranzelli J, Muller A, Somacal S, Monteiro CS, Vizzotto M, Rodrigues E, Barcia MT, Emanuelli T. Natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES): A strategy to improve the bioavailability of blueberry phenolic compounds in a ready-to-use extract. Food Chem 2021; 364:130370. [PMID: 34182361 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether a ready-to-use extract obtained using a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) affects the pharmacokinetic profile of blueberry phenolic compounds compared to organic solvent (SORG)-extracted compounds. SORG extract was administered as an aqueous solution after solvent removal. Wistar rats received a single dose of crude extract of blueberry obtained using NADES (CE-NADES) or SORG (CE-SORG), followed by LC-DAD-MS/MS analysis of blood and cecal feces. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that CE-NADES increased the bioavailability of anthocyanins by 140% compared to CE-SORG. CE-NADES increased the stability of phenolic compounds during in vitro digestion by delaying gastric chyme neutralization. These results suggest that besides being an eco-friendly solvent for the extraction of phytochemicals, choline chloride:glycerol:citric acid-based NADES can be used as a ready-to-use vehicle for increasing oral absorption of bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariane Trivisiol da Silva
- Post Graduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Franciele Aline Smaniotto
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabella Ferreira Costa
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia Baranzelli
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Muller
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Somacal
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Sant'Anna Monteiro
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Vizzotto
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Clima Temperado, 96010-971 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Rodrigues
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Milene Teixeira Barcia
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Integrated Center for Laboratory Analysis Development, Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources and Agricultural By-Products. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11114897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a review about the applicability of eutectic solvents, mainly deep eutectic solvents (DES) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), for the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural products has been carried out. These alternative solvents have shown not only to have high extraction yields but also to be environmentally friendly, exhibiting very low or almost no toxicity, compared to conventional organic solvents. The last trends and main extraction methods that have been most widely used in studies using these emerging solvents have been reviewed, as well as the varied natural sources in which they have been used, including agro-food by-products. Besides the toxicity, biodegradability of these solvents is reviewed. Likewise, different reported bioactivity tests have been included, in which extracts obtained with these ecological solvents have been tested from antioxidant activity analysis to in vivo studies with rats, through in vitro cytotoxicity tests.
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Oxidative Stability, Microbial Safety, and Sensory Properties of Flaxseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) Oil Infused with Spices and Herbs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050785. [PMID: 34063383 PMCID: PMC8156761 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In our study, we assessed whether the addition of basil, fennel, oregano, rosemary, and chili can improve oxidative stability and sensory properties of flaxseed oil (FO) during 180 days of storage or induce oil contamination by microorganisms. Results showed that addition of spices and herbs in FO affected the hydrolytic changes, but far less than 2% of free fatty acids after storage, which was in line with regulations. Further, the addition of spices and herbs in FO decreased peroxide value (even up to 68.7% in FO with oregano) vs. FO whose value increased during storage, indicating increased oxidative stability and prolongation of shelf life of infused oils. The antioxidant activity of the infused oils ranged from 56.40% to 97.66%. In addition, the phenol content was higher in all infused oils (6.81-22.92 mg/kg) vs. FO (5.44 mg/kg), indicating that herbs and spices could scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation, while sensory analysts showed that FO infused with chili had the lowest bitterness intensity. According to the presence of certain microorganisms, results highlighted the need to develop new methods for inactivating microorganisms that would not only provide a microbial safety, but also preserve the beneficial properties of the oils/products.
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Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Bascón-Villegas I, Rodríguez A, Pérez-Rodríguez F, Fernández-Prior Á, Rosal A, Carrasco E. Valorisation of Olea europaea L. Olive Leaves through the Evaluation of Their Extracts: Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity. Foods 2021; 10:966. [PMID: 33925051 PMCID: PMC8145053 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Olea europaea L. leaves constitute a source of bioactive compounds with recognized benefits for both human health and technological purposes. In the present work, different extracts from olive leaves were obtained by the application of two extraction methods, Soxhlet and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and six solvents (distilled water, ethanolic and glycerol mixtures solvents). MAE was applied under 40, 60 and 80 °C for 3, 6.5 and 10 min. The effect of the extraction method, solvent and treatment factors (the latter in MAE) on the total phenol content (TPC), the antioxidant activity (AA) and the phenolic profile of the extracts were all evaluated. The extracts showed high values of TPC (up to 76.1 mg GAE/g DW) and AA (up to 78 mg TE/g DW), with oleuropein being the most predominant compound in all extracts. The Soxhlet extraction method exhibited better yields in TPC than in MAE, although both methods presented comparable AA values. The water MAE extract presented the strongest antimicrobial activity against five foodborne pathogens, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 2.5 to 60 mg/mL. MAE water extract is proposed to be exploited in the food and nutraceutical industry in the frame of a sustainable economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Food Science and Technology Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Darwin Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (I.B.-V.); (F.P.-R.); (E.C.)
- BioPrEn Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Marie-Curie Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Isabel Bascón-Villegas
- Food Science and Technology Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Darwin Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (I.B.-V.); (F.P.-R.); (E.C.)
- BioPrEn Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Marie-Curie Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- BioPrEn Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Marie-Curie Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez
- Food Science and Technology Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Darwin Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (I.B.-V.); (F.P.-R.); (E.C.)
| | - África Fernández-Prior
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Antonio Rosal
- Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Department, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Elena Carrasco
- Food Science and Technology Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Darwin Building, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (I.B.-V.); (F.P.-R.); (E.C.)
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Pressurized-Liquid Extraction as an Efficient Method for Valorization of Thymus serpyllum Herbal Dust towards Sustainable Production of Antioxidants. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092548. [PMID: 33925545 PMCID: PMC8123860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to valorize Thymus serpyllum herbal dust, a particular fraction distinguished as an industrial waste from filter-tea production. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was used with the aim of overcoming certain obstacles of conventional extraction techniques in terms of shortening extraction time, reducing solvent consumption and energy costs, using “green” solvents and obtaining high yield and quality products. In order to optimize PLE of T. serpyllum herbal dust, the preliminary screening of the independent variables in order to define the most influential parameters and their domain was done first. After the screening, the optimization study using the face-centered central composite experimental design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented. Additionally, taking into account the high awareness of the positive influence of antioxidants on the human health and associating it with high content of polyphenolic compounds in various members of Lamiaceae family, PLE has proven to be a great approach for antioxidants recovery from T. serpyllum herbal dust.
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Canales R, Espino M, Pasini S, Silva MF. Chemometric and green metric strategies for sustainable analytical methods: phenolic compounds in lettuce-NADES extracts. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1261-1268. [PMID: 33620337 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02318c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The combination of chemometric and green metric tools adds up to synergistic effects at method development, being highly compatible with green analytical chemistry (GAC). In the present study, both strategies were applied for the development of an ultrasound-assisted extraction mediated by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (UA-NADES). The Box-Behnken Design combined with multiple responses and desirability functions allowed the effective optimization of the proposed extractive methodology using an alternative green solvent. Considering the obtained results, a green UA-NADES extraction and chromatographic determination of phenolic compounds in Lactuca sativa samples were developed. Finally, the recent Analytical GREEnness metric approach was applied, and scores were compared with recent miniaturized approaches for the extraction/determination of phenolic compounds in lettuce. The results of the AGREE analysis highlight the greenness of the proposed methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Canales
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Magdalena Espino
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Sergio Pasini
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - María Fernanda Silva
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Fu X, Wang D, Belwal T, Xu Y, Li L, Luo Z. Sonication-synergistic natural deep eutectic solvent as a green and efficient approach for extraction of phenolic compounds from peels of Carya cathayensis Sarg. Food Chem 2021; 355:129577. [PMID: 33799236 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An excellent high-efficiency natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES, ChCl-MA) was screened out and integrated with pulse-ultrasonication technique for extracting phenolic compounds from Carya cathayensis Sarg. peels (CCSPs). Single factor experiment combined with response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken design (BBD) were employed to investigate significant factors and optimize their influence on extraction of phenolic compounds. Significant synergistic effect triggered by ChCl-MA based pulse-ultrasonication over other methods used alone were proved by comparative study concerning a variety of bioactive components and antioxidant activities. The second-order kinetic model was developed and validated (R2 > 0.99) to describe the extraction process and its mechanism; and second-order kinetic extraction rate constant (k), saturation concentration (Cs), and initial extraction rate (h) were calculated. FT-IR, DSC and SEM results further demonstrated synergistic effect and influence during extraction. Overall, this study provided a green and high-efficiency alternative for the recovery of various phenolics compounds from plant source by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhe Fu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanqun Xu
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Ünlü AE. Green and Non-conventional Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Olive Leaves: Screening of Novel Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents and Investigation of Process Parameters. WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION 2021; 12:5329-5346. [PMID: 33727990 PMCID: PMC7953197 DOI: 10.1007/s12649-021-01411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Olive leaf as an agricultural waste contains valuable bioactive compounds that are mainly used for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Lately the major component, oleuropein, has gained extra attention due to the anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2 that causes Coronavirus disease (Covid-19). In this study, extraction of the bioactive compounds from olive leaves was conducted using a non-conventional and green method. New generation green solvents, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were used in combination with ultrasound assisted extraction. Screening of NADES type, temperature, and particle size were investigated using one-pot-at-a-time method while, NADES amount and liquid-to-solid ratio were optimized using experimental design. The results were evaluated in terms of total polyphenol yield (YTP), total flavonoid yield (YTF) and antiradical activity (AAR). At the optimized conditions, the highest total polyphenol yield and the highest total flavonoid yield were achieved with choline chloride-fructose-water (CFW) (5:2:5) as 187.31 ± 10.3 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 dw and 12.75 ± 0.6 mg apigenin equivalent g-1 dw, respectively. The extracts were also analyzed for oleuropein, caffeic acid and luteolin contents. The highest amount of oleuropein and caffeic acid were extracted by glucose-fructose-water (GFW) (1:1:11) as 1630.80 mg kg-1 dw and 112.77 mg kg-1 dw, respectively. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version of this article (10.1007/s12649-021-01411-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Ezgi Ünlü
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Amirabbasi S, Elhamirad AH, Saeediasl MR, Armin M, Ziaolhagh SHR. Optimization of polyphenolic compounds extraction methods from Okra stem. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Manuela P, Drakula S, Cravotto G, Verpoorte R, Hruškar M, Radojčić Redovniković I, Radošević K. Biological activity and sensory evaluation of cocoa by-products NADES extracts used in food fortification. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Tomato pomace extract and organic peppermint essential oil as effective sodium nitrite replacement in cooked pork sausages. Food Chem 2020; 330:127202. [PMID: 32531637 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of supercritical fluid extract of tomato pomace (TP) and essential oil of organic peppermint (PM) on pH, color, residual nitrite content, lipid oxidation (TBARS value) and total plate count (TPC) of cooked pork sausages produced with 50 mg/kg of sodium nitrite was investigated. Five batches were produced: T1: 100 mg/kg of sodium nitrite; T2: 50 mg of sodium nitrite; T3: 50 mg of sodium nitrite and 0.150 µL/g TP; T4: 50 mg of sodium nitrite, 0.075 µL/g TP and 0.075 µL/g PM; T5: 50 mg of sodium nitrite and 0.150 µL/g PM. The lowest residual nitrite content and TBARS value were observed in treatment T4. The inclusion of TP increased redness of cooked pork sausages. TPC was the lowest in treatment T5. The results of this study showed that the addition of TP and PM enhanced quality of cooked sausages produced with reduced level of sodium nitrite.
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Grillo G, Gunjević V, Radošević K, Redovniković IR, Cravotto G. Deep Eutectic Solvents and Nonconventional Technologies for Blueberry-Peel Extraction: Kinetics, Anthocyanin Stability, and Antiproliferative Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111069. [PMID: 33142668 PMCID: PMC7693902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in bioactive phytochemicals and sustainable processes is the driving force behind this study on two novel green extraction methods for the recovery of anthocyanins from the residues of blueberry processing. Five natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have been tested for anthocyanin extraction. Acidified hydroalcoholic solutions were used as benchmarks and the shelf life of eutectic systems was monitored. The most promising NADES was tested in microwave (MAE)- and ultrasound-assisted extractions (UAEs), and Peleg’s kinetic model was used. Both the enabling technologies provided performance that was superior to that of conventional extraction. MAE and UAE yielded up to 25.83 and 21.18 mg/gmatrix of total anthocyanin content, respectively, after 15 and 30 min. Moreover, a preliminary test for extract concentration and NADES recycling was performed using resin adsorption. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of the extracts was determined by a CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay, the so-called MTS assay, on human tumour HeLa cells and human skin HaCaT cells. Nonconventional extracts exhibited strong antiproliferative activity that was much greater than that of their conventionally extracted analogues. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell-death type, and apoptosis was found to be the primary cause of tumour cell death. The presented study demonstrates that the implementation of enabling extraction technologies and green solvents can produce an antiproliferative agent from a food industry byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Grillo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, 10235 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (V.G.)
| | - Veronika Gunjević
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, 10235 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (V.G.)
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory for Cell Culture Technology and Biotransformations, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Kristina Radošević
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory for Cell Culture Technology and Biotransformations, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (G.C.); Tel.: +385-1-4605-278 (K.R.); +39-011-670-7183 (G.C.)
| | - Ivana Radojčić Redovniković
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Laboratory for Cell Culture Technology and Biotransformations, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, 10235 Turin, Italy; (G.G.); (V.G.)
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (G.C.); Tel.: +385-1-4605-278 (K.R.); +39-011-670-7183 (G.C.)
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da Silva DT, Rodrigues RF, Machado NM, Maurer LH, Ferreira LF, Somacal S, da Veiga ML, Rocha MIDUMD, Vizzotto M, Rodrigues E, Barcia MT, Emanuelli T. Natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES)-based blueberry extracts protect against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109718. [PMID: 33292963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blueberry is a polyphenol-rich fruit bearing great bioactive potential. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) emerged as putatively biocompatible solvents that could substitute for toxic organic solvents in the extraction of fruit phenolic compounds for developing nutraceuticals or functional foods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the gastroprotective effects and the biocompatibility of a blueberry crude extract (CE) obtained using NADES and of the extract fractions (anthocyanin-rich fraction - ARF; non-anthocyanin phenolic fraction - NAPF) in a model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. CE was the NADES-containing, ready-to-use extract that was obtained using choline chloride:glycerol:citric acid NADES (0.5:2:0.5 M ratio). ARF and NAPF were the NADES-free fractions obtained by solid phase purification of CE and were investigated to identify the bioactive fraction responsible for the effects of CE. Animals were treated for 14 days with water, NADES vehicle, CE, ARF, NAPF or lansoprazole (intragastric) and then received ethanol to induce gastric ulcer. CE decreased ulcer index and preserved the integrity of gastric mucosa. The pretreatment with CE or ARF reduced glutathione depletion and the inflammatory response. All treatments, including NADES vehicle reduced protein oxidation and nitric oxide overproduction in ethanol-treated rats. Additionally, ARF increased short-chain fatty acids in feces. These findings suggest that NADES can be used to obtain biocompatible extracts of blueberry that exhibit gastroprotective effects with no need of solvent removal. The gastroprotective effects were mainly associated to ARF but NAPF and even NADES vehicle also contributed to some protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariane Trivisiol da Silva
- Postgraduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Fritzsche Rodrigues
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Minuzzi Machado
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Lauren Fresinghelli Ferreira
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Somacal
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Leite da Veiga
- Department of Morphology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Vizzotto
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Temperate Climate, 96010-971 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Rodrigues
- Natural Antioxidants Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Milene Teixeira Barcia
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Postgraduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Supercritical extracts of wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) by-product as natural antioxidants in ground pork patties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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50
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Impact of Deep Eutectic Solvents on Extraction of Polyphenols from Grape Seeds and Skin. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, research efforts have focused on plant exploitation for deriving some valuable compounds. Extraction has been usually performed using petrochemical and volatile organic solvents, but nowadays, increased recognition of environmental pollution has prompted the utilization of green solvents as alternatives. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to exploit deep eutectic solvents (DES) (choline chloride: citric acid and choline chloride: glucose) as solvents for extracting valuable phenolic antioxidants from grapes. Investigation was conducted on ten grape varieties, observing seeds and skin as different matrix. Total polyphenol content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric microassay. Antioxidant activity was investigated using four different tests and results were combined in a unique Antioxidant Composite Index (ACI) to reveal comprehensive information about this biological activity. Polyphenol compounds were identified and quantified with the aim of HPLC-diode array detector (DAD). Overall results support that DES (particularly choline chloride: citric acid) were comparable to conventional solvent, and in most cases even outperformed acidified aqueous ethanol (concerning extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity). Regardless of varietal distinctions, grape seeds have higher antioxidant capacity compared to grape skin, and such findings are according to their phenol compound concentrations.
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