1
|
Bernard A, Rossignol T, Park YK. Biotechnological approaches for producing natural pigments in yeasts. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(24)00175-6. [PMID: 39019677 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Pigments are widely used in the food, cosmetic, textile, pharmaceutical, and materials industries. Demand for natural pigments has been increasing due to concerns regarding potential health problems and environmental pollution from synthetic pigments. Microbial production of natural pigments is a promising alternative to chemical synthesis or extraction from natural sources. Here, we discuss yeasts as promising chassis for producing natural pigments with their advantageous traits such as genetic amenability, safety, rapid growth, metabolic diversity, and tolerance. Metabolic engineering strategies and optimizing strategies in downstream process to enhance production of natural pigments are thoroughly reviewed. We discuss the challenges, including expanding the range of natural pigments and improving their feasibility of industrial scale-up, as well as the potential strategies for future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armand Bernard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Tristan Rossignol
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Young-Kyoung Park
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ambrico A, Larocca V, Trupo M, Martino M, Magarelli RA, Spagnoletta A, Balducchi R. A New Method for Selective Extraction of Torularhodin from Red Yeast Using CO 2-SFE Technique. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04884-9. [PMID: 38386146 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Torularhodin is a dark pink colored carotenoid belonging to the xanthophylls group that can be biologically synthesized by red yeasts, especially by Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces genera. The growing interest in this molecule is due to its biological activities such as antioxidant, anticholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer. To satisfy potential commercial markets, numerous methods have been proposed to develop a cost-effective and environmentally friendly downstream process for the purification of torularhodin. However, obtaining high purity products without resorting to the use of toxic solvents, which can leave residues in the final preparations, remains a major challenge. In this context, the present study aimed to develop a new efficient method for the isolation of torularhodin from the red yeast Rhodotorula strain ELP2022 by applying the extraction technique with supercritical CO2 (CO2-SFE) in two sequential steps. In particular, in the first step, the dried lysed biomass of yeast was subjected to the action of CO2 in supercritical conditions (CO2SC) as sole solvent for extraction of apolar carotenoids. In the second step, the residual biomass was subjected to the action of CO2SC using ethanol as a polar co-solvent for the extraction of torularhodin. Both steps were carried out at different operating parameters of temperature (40 and 60 °C) and pressure (from 300 to 500 bar) with a constant CO2 flow of 6 L min-1. Regardless of the operating conditions used, this method allowed to obtain an orange-colored oily extract and a red-colored extract after the first and second step, respectively. In all trials, torularhodin represented no less than 95.2% ± 0.70 of the total carotenoids in the red extracts obtained from the second step. In particular, the best results were obtained by performing both steps at 40 °C and 300 bar, and the maximum percentage of torularhodin achieved was 97.9% ± 0.88. Since there are no data on the selective recovery of torularhodin from red yeast using the SFE technique, this study may be a good starting point to optimize and support the development of industrial production of torularhodin by microbial synthesis. This new method can significantly reduce the environmental impact of torularhodin recovery and can be considered an innovation for which an Italian patent application has been filed. In a circular bioeconomy approach, this method will be validated up to a pilot scale, culturing the strain Rhodotorula spp. ELP2022 on low-cost media derived from agri-food wastes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ambrico
- Department for Sustainability, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Center, 75026, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Larocca
- Department for Sustainability, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Center, 75026, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Mario Trupo
- Department for Sustainability, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Center, 75026, Rotondella, Italy.
| | - Maria Martino
- Department for Sustainability, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Center, 75026, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Rosaria Alessandra Magarelli
- Department for Sustainability, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Center, 75026, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Anna Spagnoletta
- Department for Sustainability, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Center, 75026, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Roberto Balducchi
- Department for Sustainability, ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Center, 75026, Rotondella, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tzanova MT, Yaneva Z, Ivanova D, Toneva M, Grozeva N, Memdueva N. Green Solvents for Extraction of Natural Food Colorants from Plants: Selectivity and Stability Issues. Foods 2024; 13:605. [PMID: 38397582 PMCID: PMC10887973 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumers associate the color of food with its freshness and quality. More and more attention is being paid to natural colorants that bring additional health benefits to humans. Such natural substances are the carotenoids (yellow to orange), the anthocyanins (red to blue), and the betalains (red and yellow), which are very sensitive to exposure to light, air, high temperatures, and chemicals. Stability and diversity in terms of color can be optimized by using environmentally friendly and selective extraction processes that provide a balance between efficacy, safety, and stability of the resulting extracts. Green solvents like water, supercritical fluids, natural deep eutectic solvents, and ionic liquids are the most proper green solvents when combined with different extraction techniques like maceration, supercritical extraction, and ultrasound-assisted or microwave-assisted extraction. The choice of the right extracting agent is crucial for the selectivity of the extraction method and the stability of the prepared colorant. The present work reviews the green solvents used for the extraction of natural food colorants from plants and focuses on the issues related to the selectivity and stability of the products extracted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tankova Tzanova
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Zvezdelina Yaneva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.Y.); (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Donika Ivanova
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.Y.); (D.I.); (M.T.)
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Biochemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Monika Toneva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.Y.); (D.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Neli Grozeva
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Neli Memdueva
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (N.G.); (N.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ganeva V, Kranz A. Selective extraction of recombinant membrane proteins from Hansenula polymorpha by pulsed electric field and lytic enzyme pretreatment. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:251. [PMID: 38066481 PMCID: PMC10704748 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In yeast, recombinant membrane proteins including viral scaffold proteins used for the formation of enveloped Virus-like particles (eVLPs) typically accumulate intracellularly. Their recovery is carried out by mechanical disruption of the cells, often in combination with detergent treatment. Cell permeabilization is an attractive alternative to mechanical lysis because it allows for milder and more selective recovery of different intracellular products. RESULTS Here, we present a novel approach for extraction of integral membrane proteins from yeast based on cell envelope permeabilization through a combination of pulsed electric field and lytic enzyme pretreatment of the cells. Our primary experiments focused on Hansenula polymorpha strain #25-5 co-expressing the integral membrane small surface protein (dS) of the duck hepatitis B virus and a fusion protein of dS with a trimer of a Human papillomavirus (HPV) L2-peptide (3xL2-dS). Irreversible plasma membrane permeabilization was induced by treating the cell suspension with monopolar rectangular pulses using a continuous flow system. The permeabilized cells were incubated with lyticase and dithiothreitol. This treatment increased the cell wall permeability, resulting in the release of over 50% of the soluble host proteins without causing significant cell lysis. The subsequent incubation with Triton X-100 resulted in the solubilization and release of a significant portion of 3xL2-dS and dS from the cells. By applying two steps: (i) brief heating of the cells before detergent treatment, and (ii) incubation of the extracts with KSCN, an 80% purity on the protein level has been achieved. Experiments performed with H. polymorpha strain T#3-3, co-expressing dS and the fusion protein EDIIIWNV-dS consisting of dS and the antigen from the West Nile virus (WSV), confirmed the applicability of this approach for recovering dS. The treatment, optimal for solubilization of 3xL2-dS and a significant part of dS, was not effective in isolating the fused protein EDIIIWNV-dS from the membranes, resulting in its retention within the cells. CONCLUSIONS This study presents an alternative approach for the recovery and partial purification of viral membrane proteins expressed in H. polymorpha. The factors influencing the effectiveness of this procedure and its potential use for the recovery of other integral membrane proteins are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ganeva
- Biological Faculty, Department of Biophysics & Radiobiology, Sofia University, 8 Dragan Tzankov blvd, Sofia, 1164, Bulgaria.
| | - Andreas Kranz
- ARTES Biotechnology GmbH, Elizabeth Selbert str. 9, 40764, Langenfeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao D, Li C. Effects of TiO2 and H2O2 treatments on the biosynthesis of carotenoids and lipids in oleaginous red yeast Rhodotorula glutinis ZHK. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
|
6
|
Joshi K, Kumar P, Kataria R. Microbial carotenoid production and their potential applications as antioxidants: A current update. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
7
|
Kumar A, P N, Kumar M, Jose A, Tomer V, Oz E, Proestos C, Zeng M, Elobeid T, K S, Oz F. Major Phytochemicals: Recent Advances in Health Benefits and Extraction Method. Molecules 2023; 28:887. [PMID: 36677944 PMCID: PMC9862941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent scientific studies have established a relationship between the consumption of phytochemicals such as carotenoids, polyphenols, isoprenoids, phytosterols, saponins, dietary fibers, polysaccharides, etc., with health benefits such as prevention of diabetes, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc. This has led to the popularization of phytochemicals. Nowadays, foods containing phytochemicals as a constituent (functional foods) and the concentrated form of phytochemicals (nutraceuticals) are used as a preventive measure or cure for many diseases. The health benefits of these phytochemicals depend on their purity and structural stability. The yield, purity, and structural stability of extracted phytochemicals depend on the matrix in which the phytochemical is present, the method of extraction, the solvent used, the temperature, and the time of extraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nirmal P
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Mukul Kumar
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Anina Jose
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Vidisha Tomer
- VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Emel Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Food Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Zographou, 157 84 Athens, Greece
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tahra Elobeid
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Sneha K
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Influence of olive mill waste phenolic compounds levels on carotenoid production by Rhodotorula spp. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
9
|
Li Y, Hu K, Huang C, Hu Y, Ji H, Liu S, Gao J. Improvement of solubility, stability and antioxidant activity of carotenoids using deep eutectic solvent-based microemulsions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112591. [PMID: 35679734 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Natural carotenoids have been widely used as colorants and antioxidants in process of food, medicine, and cosmetic. However, the carotenoids have low bioactivity in vivo due to poor water-solubility. To enhance the solubility, stability and antioxidant activity of carotenoids, novel microemulsions (MEs) composed with deep eutectic solvents (DESs), tween 80 and water were developed as alternatives to organic solvents. The phase diagrams and physicochemical properties (viscosity, pH, and diameter) of the DES-based MEs were investigated at different temperatures. Then the solubility distribution, storage stability and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of three carotenoids (astaxanthin, astaxanthin ester and lutein) in the MEs were evaluated. Compared with ethanol, methanol, and acetone, all the DES-based MEs studied significantly enhanced the solubility of the carotenoids due to the stronger hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals interactions. The highest solubilities of 0.27, 473.63, and 12.50 mg/mL for astaxanthin, astaxanthin ester and lutein, respectively, were observed in the MEs containing DES (DL-menthol:acetic acid = 1:2) at 35 ℃. Moreover, astaxanthin ester can be well preserved in the MEs containing DES (DL-menthol:octanoic acid = 1:2) with a half-life of more than 69 days. In addition, the DPPH scavenging capacities of the three carotenoids in all the MEs were higher than the organic solvents. The results revealed that the DES-based MEs with low viscosity (<0.2 Pa•s) and mild acidic pH (4-5) are potential solvents for natural carotenoids in food processing and storage, medicine making, as well as biomaterials processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Collage of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, PR China; Collage of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Kun Hu
- Collage of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, PR China
| | - Chao Huang
- Collage of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, PR China
| | - Yong Hu
- Collage of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, PR China
| | - Hongwu Ji
- Collage of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- Collage of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Jing Gao
- Collage of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, PR China; Collage of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mussagy CU, Gonzalez-Miquel M, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Pereira JFB. Microbial torularhodin – a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:540-558. [PMID: 35430937 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2041540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The demand for food, feed, cosmeceutical, and nutraceutical supplements/additives from natural sources has been rapidly increasing, with expectations for a faster expansion than the growth of the global markets in the coming years. In this framework, a particular interest is given to carotenoids due to their outstanding antioxidant activities, particularly the xanthophylls class. Torularhodin is one of these carotenoids that stands out for its multifunctional role as: antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial, yet its commercial potential is still unexplored. Although most xanthophylls can be naturally found in: microbial, plant and animal sources, torularhodin is only produced by microbial species, especially red oleaginous yeast. The microbial production of xanthophylls has many advantages as compared to other natural sources, such as: the need for low production area, easier extraction, high yields (at optimum operating conditions), and low (or no) seasonal, climatic, and geographic variation dependency. Due to the importance of natural products and their relevance to the market, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the: properties, characteristics and potential health benefits of torularhodin. Moreover, the most promising developments in both upstream and downstream processing to obtain this colorant from microbial sources are considered. For this purpose, the main microorganisms used for torularhodin production are firstly reviewed, including biosynthesis pathway and torularhodin properties. Following, an overall analysis of the processing aspects related with its: extraction, separation and purification is provided. Lastly, current status and future trends of torularhodin-based processes and products such as therapeutic agents or biomaterials are discussed, indicating promising directions toward biorefinery and circular economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo U. Mussagy
- Department of Pharmaceutical-Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Miquel
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineers, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeria C. Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge F. B. Pereira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima, University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Silva PGP, Prescendo Júnior D, de Medeiros Burkert JF, Santos LO. Carotenoid extraction from Phaffia rhodozyma biomass: downstream strategies and economic evaluation of energy. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-022-00225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Pulsed electric field (PEF): Avant-garde extraction escalation technology in food industry. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
13
|
Zhang C, Ye J, Lyu X, Zhao W, Mao J, Yang R. Effects of pulse electric field pretreatment on the frying quality and pore characteristics of potato chips. Food Chem 2022; 369:130516. [PMID: 34479014 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on the oil absorption capacity of potato chips, evaluated via changes to microstructure and pore characteristics. Our results showed that as electric field strength increased from 0 kV/cm (no pretreatment) to 5 kV/cm, the oil content of potato chips decreased by up to 20.6%. Furthermore, at higher the electric field strengths (5 ~ 20 kV/cm), most of the potato cell walls collapsed, and dense pores could be observed in the horizontal profile of the chips. Moreover, some smaller pores (10-50 nm) in the potato chips were disrupted and merged into larger pores (50-100 nm), thus increasing the total volume and average diameter of the pores, accelerating moisture evaporation and reducing oil absorption during frying. Our findings provide a novel perspective on the application of PEF towards the development of lower-fat and healthier fried foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Rugao, Jiangsu 226500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsheng Mao
- Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Rugao, Jiangsu 226500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China; Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Rugao, Jiangsu 226500, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fordjour E, Mensah EO, Hao Y, Yang Y, Liu X, Li Y, Liu CL, Bai Z. Toward improved terpenoids biosynthesis: strategies to enhance the capabilities of cell factories. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:6. [PMID: 38647812 PMCID: PMC10992668 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids form the most diversified class of natural products, which have gained application in the pharmaceutical, food, transportation, and fine and bulk chemical industries. Extraction from naturally occurring sources does not meet industrial demands, whereas chemical synthesis is often associated with poor enantio-selectivity, harsh working conditions, and environmental pollutions. Microbial cell factories come as a suitable replacement. However, designing efficient microbial platforms for isoprenoid synthesis is often a challenging task. This has to do with the cytotoxic effects of pathway intermediates and some end products, instability of expressed pathways, as well as high enzyme promiscuity. Also, the low enzymatic activity of some terpene synthases and prenyltransferases, and the lack of an efficient throughput system to screen improved high-performing strains are bottlenecks in strain development. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology seek to overcome these issues through the provision of effective synthetic tools. This review sought to provide an in-depth description of novel strategies for improving cell factory performance. We focused on improving transcriptional and translational efficiencies through static and dynamic regulatory elements, enzyme engineering and high-throughput screening strategies, cellular function enhancement through chromosomal integration, metabolite tolerance, and modularization of pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fordjour
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Emmanuel Osei Mensah
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunpeng Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yankun Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiuxia Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ye Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chun-Li Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Centre for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Roca M, Pérez-Gálvez A. Metabolomics of Chlorophylls and Carotenoids: Analytical Methods and Metabolome-Based Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1622. [PMID: 34679756 PMCID: PMC8533378 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls and carotenoids are two families of antioxidants present in daily ingested foods, whose recognition as added-value ingredients runs in parallel with the increasing number of demonstrated functional properties. Both groups include a complex and vast number of compounds, and extraction and analysis methods evolved recently to a modern protocol. New methodologies are more potent, precise, and accurate, but their application requires a better understanding of the technical and biological context. Therefore, the present review compiles the basic knowledge and recent advances of the metabolomics of chlorophylls and carotenoids, including the interrelation with the primary metabolism. The study includes material preparation and extraction protocols, the instrumental techniques for the acquisition of spectroscopic and spectrometric properties, the workflows and software tools for data pre-processing and analysis, and the application of mass spectrometry to pigment metabolomics. In addition, the review encompasses a critical description of studies where metabolomics analyses of chlorophylls and carotenoids were developed as an approach to analyzing the effects of biotic and abiotic stressors on living organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Pérez-Gálvez
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Building 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Valenzuela-Gloria MS, Balagurusamy N, Chávez-González ML, Aguilar O, Hernández-Almanza A, Aguilar CN. Molecular Characterization of Fungal Pigments. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:326. [PMID: 33922407 PMCID: PMC8146848 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial application of pigments of biological origin has been gaining strength over time, which is mainly explained by the increased interest of the consumer for products with few synthetic additives. So, the search for biomolecules from natural origin has challenged food scientists and technologists to identify, develop efficient and less consuming strategies for extraction and characterization of biopigments. In this task, elucidation of molecular structure has become a fundamental requirement, since it is necessary to comply with compound regulatory submissions of industrial sectors such as food, pharmaceutical agrichemicals, and other new chemical entity registrations. Molecular elucidation consists of establishing the chemical structure of a molecule, which allows us to understand the interaction between the natural additive (colorant, flavor, antioxidant, etc) and its use (interaction with the rest of the mixture of compounds). Elucidation of molecular characteristics can be achieved through several techniques, the most common being infrared spectroscopy (IR), spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS), nuclear-resonance spectroscopy (MAGNETIC MRI), and mass spectrometry. This review provides the details that aid for the molecular elucidation of pigments of fungal origin, for a viable and innocuous application of these biopigments by various industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S. Valenzuela-Gloria
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón 27000, Coahuila, Mexico; (M.S.V.-G.); (N.B.)
| | - Nagamani Balagurusamy
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón 27000, Coahuila, Mexico; (M.S.V.-G.); (N.B.)
| | - Mónica L. Chávez-González
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, BBG-DIA, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Oscar Aguilar
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico;
| | - Ayerim Hernández-Almanza
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón 27000, Coahuila, Mexico; (M.S.V.-G.); (N.B.)
| | - Cristóbal N. Aguilar
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, BBG-DIA, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Genomics and lipidomics analysis of the biotechnologically important oleaginous red yeast Rhodotorula glutinis ZHK provides new insights into its lipid and carotenoid metabolism. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:834. [PMID: 33243144 PMCID: PMC7690147 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhodotorula glutinis is recognized as a biotechnologically important oleaginous red yeast, which synthesizes numerous meritorious compounds with wide industrial usages. One of the most notable properties of R. glutinis is the formation of intracellular lipid droplets full of carotenoids. However, the basic genomic features that underlie the biosynthesis of these valuable compounds in R. glutinis have not been fully documented. To reveal the biotechnological potential of R. glutinis, the genomics and lipidomics analysis was performed through the Next-Generation Sequencing and HPLC-MS-based metabolomics technologies. Results Here, we firstly assemble the genome of R. glutinis ZHK into 21.8 Mb, containing 30 scaffolds and 6774 predicted genes with a N50 length of 14, 66,672 bp and GC content of 67.8%. Genome completeness assessment (BUSCO alignment: 95.3%) indicated the genome assembly with a high-quality features. According to the functional annotation of the genome, we predicted several key genes involved in lipids and carotenoids metabolism as well as certain industrial enzymes biosynthesis. Comparative genomics results suggested that most of orthologous genes have underwent the strong purifying selection within the five Rhodotorula species, especially genes responsible for carotenoids biosynthesis. Furthermore, a total of 982 lipids were identified using the lipidomics approaches, mainly including triacylglycerols, diacylglyceryltrimethylhomo-ser and phosphatidylethanolamine. Conclusion Using whole genome shotgun sequencing, we comprehensively analyzed the genome of R. glutinis and predicted several key genes involved in lipids and carotenoids metabolism. By performing comparative genomic analysis, we show that most of the ortholog genes have undergone strong purifying selection within the five Rhodotorula species. Furthermore, we identified 982 lipid species using lipidomic approaches. These results provided valuable resources to further advance biotechnological applications of R .glutinis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07244-z.
Collapse
|