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Bai YZ, Zhang Y, Zhang SQ. New horizons for the role of selenium on cognitive function: advances and challenges. Metab Brain Dis 2024:10.1007/s11011-024-01375-y. [PMID: 38963634 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits associated with oxidative stress and the dysfunction of the central nervous system are present in some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Selenium (Se), an essential microelement, exhibits cognition-associated functions through selenoproteins mainly owing to its antioxidant property. Due to the disproportionate distribution of Se in the soil, the amount of Se varies greatly in various foods, resulting in a large proportion of people with Se deficiency worldwide. Numerous cell and animal experiments demonstrate Se deficiency-induced cognitive deficits and Se supplementation-improved cognitive performances. However, human studies yield inconsistent results and the mechanism of Se in cognition still remains elusive, which hinder the further exploration of Se in human cognition. To address the urgent issue, the review summarizes Se-contained foods (plant-based foods, animal-based foods, and Se supplements), brain selenoproteins, mechanisms of Se in cognition (improvement of synaptic plasticity, regulation of Zn2+ level, inhibition of ferroptosis, modulation of autophagy and de novo synthesis of L-serine), and effects of Se on cognitive deficits, as well as consequently sheds light on great potentials of Se in the prevention and treatment of cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhi Bai
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 East Yinghua Road, Beijing, 100029, China
- National Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuang-Qing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China.
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2
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Zhu S, Li Y, Chen X, Zhu Z, Li S, Song J, Zheng Z, Cong X, Cheng S. Co-Immobilization of Alcalase/Dispase for Production of Selenium-Enriched Peptide from Cardamine violifolia. Foods 2024; 13:1753. [PMID: 38890981 PMCID: PMC11172333 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymatically derived selenium-enriched peptides from Cardamine violifolia (CV) can serve as valuable selenium supplements. However, the industrial application of free enzyme is impeded by its limited stability and reusability. Herein, this study explores the application of co-immobilized enzymes (Alcalase and Dispase) on amino resin for hydrolyzing CV proteins to produce selenium-enriched peptides. The successful enzyme immobilization was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Co-immobilized enzyme at a mass ratio of 5:1 (Alcalase/Dispase) exhibited the smallest pore size (7.065 nm) and highest activity (41 U/mg), resulting in a high degree of hydrolysis of CV protein (27.2%), which was obviously higher than the case of using free enzymes (20.7%) or immobilized Alcalase (25.8%). In addition, after a month of storage, the co-immobilized enzyme still retained a viability level of 41.93%, showing fairly good stability. Encouragingly, the selenium-enriched peptides from co-immobilized enzyme hydrolysis exhibited uniform distribution of selenium forms, complete amino acid fractions and homogeneous distribution of molecular weight, confirming the practicality of using co-immobilized enzymes for CV protein hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 36 Huanhu Middle Road, Wuhan 430048, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Yuheng Li
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 36 Huanhu Middle Road, Wuhan 430048, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 36 Huanhu Middle Road, Wuhan 430048, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Zhenzhou Zhu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 36 Huanhu Middle Road, Wuhan 430048, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Shuyi Li
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 36 Huanhu Middle Road, Wuhan 430048, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Jingxin Song
- Systems Engineering Institute, Beijing 100010, China;
| | | | - Xin Cong
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 36 Huanhu Middle Road, Wuhan 430048, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 36 Huanhu Middle Road, Wuhan 430048, China; (S.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (X.C.); (S.C.)
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3
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Wang R, Rao S, Zhong Z, Xiao K, Chen X, Sun X. Emerging role of ferroptosis in diabetic retinopathy: a review. J Drug Target 2024; 32:393-403. [PMID: 38385350 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2316775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant complication of diabetes and the primary cause of blindness among working age adults globally. The development of DR is accompanied by oxidative stress, characterised by an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a compromised antioxidant system. Clinical interventions aimed at mitigating oxidative stress through ROS scavenging or elimination are currently available. Nevertheless, these treatments merely provide limited management over the advanced stage of the illness. Ferroptosis is a distinctive form of cell death induced by oxidative stress, which is characterised by irondependent phospholipid peroxidation. PURPOSE This review aims to synthesise recent experimental evidence to examine the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathological processes of DR, as well as to explicate the regulatory pathways governing oxidative stress and ferroptosis in retina. METHODS We systematically reviewed literature available up to 2023. RESULTS This review included 12 studies investigating the involvement of ferroptosis in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Suyun Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Xufang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
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4
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Qi Z, Duan A, Ng K. Selenoproteins in Health. Molecules 2023; 29:136. [PMID: 38202719 PMCID: PMC10779588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring essential micronutrient that is required for human health. The existing form of Se includes inorganic and organic. In contrast to the inorganic Se, which has low bioavailability and high cytotoxicity, organic Se exhibits higher bioavailability, lower toxicity, and has a more diverse composition and structure. This review presents the nutritional benefits of Se by listing and linking selenoprotein (SeP) functions to evidence of health benefits. The research status of SeP from foods in recent years is introduced systematically, particularly the sources, biochemical transformation and speciation, and the bioactivities. These aspects are elaborated with references for further research and utilization of organic Se compounds in the field of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Qi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Alex Duan
- Melbourne TrACEES Platform, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
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5
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Wei K, Wei Y, Zhou P, Zhu J, Peng L, Cheng L, Wang Y, Wei X. Preparation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Properties of Selenium-Enriched Tea Peptides. Foods 2023; 12:4105. [PMID: 38002163 PMCID: PMC10670339 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The research on the activity of selenium (Se)-enriched agricultural products is receiving increasing attention since Se was recognized for its antioxidant activities and for its enhancement of immunity in trace elements. In this study, antioxidant Se-containing peptides, namely, Se-TAPepI-1 and Se-TAPepI-2, were optimally separated and prepared from Se-enriched tea protein hydrolysates by ultrafiltration and Sephadex G-25 purification, and subsequently, their physicochemical properties, oligopeptide sequence, and potential antioxidant mechanism were analyzed. Through the optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, the Se-enriched tea protein hydrolyzed by papain exhibited a better free radical scavenging activity. After separation and purification of hydrolysates, the two peptide fractions obtained showed significant differences in selenium content, amino acid composition, apparent morphology, peptide sequence, and free radical scavenging activity. Therein, two peptides from Se-TAPepI-1 included LPMFG (563.27 Da) and YPQSFIR (909.47 Da), and three peptides from Se-TAPepI-2 included GVNVPYK (775.42 Da), KGGPGG (552.24 Da), and GDEPPIVK (853.45 Da). Se-TAPepI-1 and Se-TAPepI-2 could ameliorate the cell peroxidation damage and inflammation by regulating NRF2/ARE pathway expression. Comparably, Se-TAPepI-1 showed a better regulatory effect than Se-TAPepI-2 due to their higher Se content, typical amino acid composition and sequence, higher surface roughness, and a looser arrangement in their apparent morphology. These results expanded the functional activities of tea peptide and provided the theoretical basis for the development of Se-containing peptides from Se-enriched tea as a potential natural source of antioxidant dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (L.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Yang Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (L.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Peng Zhou
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China;
| | - Jiangxiong Zhu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (L.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Lanlan Peng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (L.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Lizeng Cheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (L.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Yuanfeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China;
| | - Xinlin Wei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; (K.W.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (L.P.); (L.C.)
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Garbacz K, Wawrzykowski J, Czelej M, Czernecki T, Waśko A. Recent Trends in the Application of Oilseed-Derived Protein Hydrolysates as Functional Foods. Foods 2023; 12:3861. [PMID: 37893754 PMCID: PMC10605994 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oilseed-derived proteins have emerged as an excellent alternative to animal sources for the production of bioactive peptides. The bioactivities exhibited by peptides derived from plant proteins encompass a wide range of health-promoting and disease-preventing effects. Peptides demonstrate potential capabilities in managing diseases associated with free radicals and regulating blood pressure. They can also exhibit properties that lower blood sugar levels and modify immune responses. In addition to their bioactivities, plant-derived bioactive peptides also possess various functional properties that contribute to their versatility. An illustration of this potential can be the ability of peptides to significantly improve food preservation and reduce lipid content. Consequently, plant-derived bioactive peptides hold great promise as ingredients to develop functional products. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the research progress made in the elucidation of the biological activities and functional properties of oilseed-derived proteins. The ultimate objective is to enhance the understanding of plant-derived bioactive peptides and provide valuable insights for further research and use in the food and medicine industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Garbacz
- Biolive Innovation Sp. z o. o., 3 Dobrzańskiego Street, 20-262 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Wawrzykowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Czelej
- Biolive Innovation Sp. z o. o., 3 Dobrzańskiego Street, 20-262 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Czernecki
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Waśko
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
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Yue S, Feng X, Cai Y, Ibrahim SA, Liu Y, Huang W. Regulation of Tumor Apoptosis of Poriae cutis-Derived Lanostane Triterpenes by AKT/PI3K and MAPK Signaling Pathways In Vitro. Nutrients 2023; 15:4360. [PMID: 37892435 PMCID: PMC10610537 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos is traditionally used as both food and medicine. Triterpenoids in Poria cocos have a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as diuretic, sedative and tonic properties. In this study, the anti-tumor activities of poricoic acid A (PAA) and poricoic acid B (PAB), purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography, as well as their mechanisms and signaling pathways, were investigated using a HepG2 cell model. After treatment with PAA and PAB on HepG2 cells, the apoptosis was obviously increased (p < 0.05), and the cell cycle arrested in the G2/M phase. Studies showed that PAA and PAB can also inhibit the occurrence and development of tumor cells by stimulating the generation of ROS in tumor cells and inhibiting tumor migration and invasion. Combined Polymerase Chain Reaction and computer simulation of molecular docking were employed to explore the mechanism of tumor proliferation inhibition by PAA and PAB. By interfering with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B, Mitogen-activated protein kinases and p53 signaling pathways; and further affecting the expression of downstream caspases; matrix metalloproteinase family, cyclin-dependent kinase -cyclin, Intercellular adhesion molecules-1, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 and Cyclooxygenase -2, may be responsible for their anti-tumor activity. Overall, the results suggested that PAA and PAB induced apoptosis, halted the cell cycle, and inhibited tumor migration and invasion through multi-pathway interactions, which may serve as a potential therapeutic agent against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA;
| | - Yousheng Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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Rico D, Cano AB, Álvarez Álvarez S, Río Briones G, Martín Diana AB. Study of the Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in Native Cereal-Pulse Flours and the Influence of the Baking Process on TAC Using a Combined Bayesian and Support Vector Machine Modeling Approach. Foods 2023; 12:3208. [PMID: 37685144 PMCID: PMC10487251 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last few years, the increasing evidence of dietary antioxidant compounds and reducing chronic diseases and the relationship between diet and health has promoted an important innovation within the baked product sector, aiming at healthier formulations. This study aims to develop a tool based on mathematical models to predict baked goods' total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The high variability of antioxidant properties of flours based on the aspects related to the type of grain, varieties, proximal composition, and processing, among others, makes it very difficult to innovate on food product development without specific analysis. Total phenol content (TP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) were used as markers to determine antioxidant capacity. Three Bayesian-type models are proposed based on a double exponential parameterized curve that reflects the initial decrease and subsequent increase as a consequence of the observed processes of degradation and generation, respectively, of the antioxidant compounds. Once the values of the main parameters of each curve were determined, support vector machines (SVM) with an exponential kernel allowed us to predict the values of TAC, based on baking conditions (temperature and time), proteins, and fibers of each native grain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Belén Martín Diana
- Agrarian Technological Institute of Castilla and Leon (ITACyL), Ctra. Burgos Km 119, Finca Zamadueñas, 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (D.R.); (S.Á.Á.); (G.R.B.)
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9
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Li J, Huang C, Lai L, Wang L, Li M, Tan Y, Zhang T. Selenium hyperaccumulator plant Cardamine enshiensis: from discovery to application. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5515-5529. [PMID: 37355493 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for animals and humans. Se biofortification and Se functional agriculture are emerging strategies to satisfy the needs of people who are deficient in Se. With 200 km2 of Se-excess area, Enshi is known as the "world capital of Se." Cardamine enshiensis (C. enshiensis) is a Se hyperaccumulation plant discovered in the Se mine drainage area of Enshi. It is edible and has been approved by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China as a new source of food, and the annual output value of the Se-rich industry in Enshi City exceeds 60 billion RMB. This review will mainly focus on the discovery and mechanism underlying Se tolerance and Se hyperaccumulation in C. enshiensis and highlight its potential utilization in Se biofortification agriculture, graziery, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Cancer Center, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chuying Huang
- Cancer Center, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Selenium and Human Health Institute, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China.
| | - Lin Lai
- Hubei Selenium and Human Health Institute, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Hubei Selenium and Human Health Institute, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Minglong Li
- Second Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Hubei Selenium and Human Health Institute, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Cancer Center, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Yu A, Ji Y, Ma G, Xu J, Hu Q. Identification and preparation of selenium-containing peptides from selenium-enriched Pleurotus eryngii and their protective effect on lead-induced oxidative damage in NCTC1469 hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4522-4534. [PMID: 36851873 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic and persistent substance that easily accumulates in living organisms, eliciting cellular toxicity and oxidative stress. Some selenium-containing proteins and peptides prepared from plant extracts are beneficial for protecting the body's health and resisting external disturbances. In the present study, selenium-containing peptide species were prepared from selenium-enriched Pleurotus eryngii protein hydrolysates and to evaluate the benefits of selenium-containing peptides on Pb-induced oxidative stress in NCTC1469 hepatocytes. RESULTS Trypsin was selected as primary enzyme to hydrolyze the selenium-enriched protein (SPH). The optimal hydrolysis conditions were: hydrolysis time, 1.5 h; initial pH 8.0. The SPH was digested by trypsin and then purified by ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC to obtain the selenium-containing peptides SPH-I-2. Furthermore, SPH-I-2 was analyzed and a number of total 12 selenium-containing peptides were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. The NCTC1469 cell culture study showed that selenium-containing peptides were capable of reducing reactive oxygen species levels and regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway by upregulating Nrf2, HO-1, GCLC, GCLM and NQO1 genes and downregulating Keap1 genes. Moreover, selenium-containing peptides were also able to suppress Pb-induced elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), increase antioxidant enzyme activity and alleviate cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that the selenium-containing peptides could protect cells from Pb2+ -induced oxidative stress. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Ji
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaoxing Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
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Chen B, Miao J, Ye H, Xia Z, Huang W, Guo J, Liang X, Yin Y, Zheng Y, Cao Y. Purification, Identification, and Mechanistic Investigation of Novel Selenium-Enriched Antioxidant Peptides from Moringa oleifera Seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4625-4637. [PMID: 36892038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, five novel Se-enriched antioxidant peptides (FLSeML, LSeMAAL, LASeMMVL, SeMLLAA, and LSeMAL) were purified and identified from Se-enriched Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) seed protein hydrolysate. The five peptides showed excellent cellular antioxidant activity, with respective EC50 values of 0.291, 0.383, 0.662, 0.1, and 0.123 μg/mL. The five peptides (0.025 mg/mL) increased the cell viability from 78.72 to 90.71, 89.16, 93.92, 83.68, and 98.29%, respectively, effectively reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation and significantly increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in damaged cells. Molecular docking results revealed that the five novel Se-enriched peptides interacted with the key amino acid of Keap1, thus directly blocking the interaction of Keap1-Nrf2 and activating the antioxidant stress response to enhance the ability of scavenging free radicals in vitro. In conclusion, Se-enriched M. oleifera seed peptides exhibited significant antioxidant activity and can be expected to find widespread use as a highly active natural functional food additive and ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Chen
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianyin Miao
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guilin 541004, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haoduo Ye
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen Xia
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junbin Guo
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xingtang Liang
- School Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Qinzhou Key Laboratory of Biowaste Resources for Selenium-enriched Functional Utilization, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Yanzhen Yin
- School Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Qinzhou Key Laboratory of Biowaste Resources for Selenium-enriched Functional Utilization, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Yunying Zheng
- School Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Qinzhou Key Laboratory of Biowaste Resources for Selenium-enriched Functional Utilization, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Yong Cao
- College of Food Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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12
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Xiong Y, Xiang X, Xiao C, Zhang N, Cheng H, Rao S, Cheng S, Li L. Illumina RNA and SMRT Sequencing Reveals the Mechanism of Uptake and Transformation of Selenium Nanoparticles in Soybean Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12040789. [PMID: 36840137 PMCID: PMC9966555 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for mammals, and its deficiency in the diet is a global problem. Agronomic biofortification through exogenous Se provides a valuable strategy to enhance human Se intake. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been regarded to be higher bioavailability and less toxicity in comparison with selenite and selenate. Still, little has been known about the mechanism of their metabolism in plants. Soybean (Glycine max L.) can enrich Se, providing an ideal carrier for Se biofortification. In this study, soybean sprouts were treated with SeNPs, and a combination of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing was applied to clarify the underlying molecular mechanism of SeNPs metabolism. A total of 74,662 nonredundant transcripts were obtained, and 2109 transcription factors, 9687 alternative splice events, and 3309 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were predicted, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed that metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and peroxisome were most enriched both in roots and leaves after exposure to SeNPs. A total of 117 transcripts were identified to be putatively involved in SeNPs transport and biotransformation in soybean. The top six hub genes and their closely coexpressed Se metabolism-related genes, such as adenylylsulfate reductase (APR3), methionine-tRNA ligase (SYM), and chloroplastic Nifs-like cysteine desulfurases (CNIF1), were screened by WGCNA and identified to play crucial roles in SeNPs accumulation and tolerance in soybean. Finally, a putative metabolism pathway of SeNPs in soybean was proposed. These findings have provided a theoretical foundation for future elucidation of the mechanism of SeNPs metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-133-4345-7040
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13
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Chen M, Wu Q, Zhu Z, Huang A, Zhang J, Bekhit AEDA, Wang J, Ding Y. Selenium-enriched foods and their ingredients: As intervention for the vicious cycle between autophagy and overloaded stress responses in Alzheimer's disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:6672-6685. [PMID: 36728929 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2172547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional autophagy induced by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) load and inflammation accelerates the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, there has been an increasing interest in selenium-enriched ingredients (SEIs), such as selenoproteins, selenoamino acids and selenosugars, which could improve AD through antioxidant and anti-inflammation, as well as autophagy modulating effects. This review indicates that SEIs eliminate excessive ROS by activating the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and alleviate inflammation by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. Furthermore, they can activate the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and subsequently promote amyloid beta (Aβ) clearance and reduce memory impairments. SEIs are ubiquitous in many plants and microorganisms, such as Brassicaceae vegetables, yeast, and mushroom. Enzymatic hydrolysis, as well as physical processing, such as thermal, high pressure and microwave treatment, are the main techniques to modify the properties of dietary selenium. This work highlights the fact that SEIs can inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress and provides evidence that supports the potential use of these dietary materials to be a novel strategy for improving AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - AoHuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Zhao M, Li B, He H, Hou T. Preparation, identification, computational analysis of antioxidative peptides derived from Lumbricus protein and prevention of UV-B radiation-induced skin damaged. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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15
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Xiong Y, Huang Y, Li L, Liu Y, Liu L, Wang L, Tong L, Wang F, Fan B. A Review of Plant Selenium-Enriched Proteins/Peptides: Extraction, Detection, Bioavailability, and Effects of Processing. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031223. [PMID: 36770890 PMCID: PMC9919150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As an essential trace element in the human body, selenium (Se) has various physiological activities, such as antioxidant and anticancer activity. Selenium-enriched proteins/peptides (SePs/SePPs) are the primary forms of Se in plants and animals, and they are the vital carriers of its physiological activities. On the basis of current research, this review systematically describes the extraction methods (aqueous, alkaline, enzymatic, auxiliary, etc.) and detection methods (HPLC-MS/MS, GC-ICP-MS, etc.) for SePs/SePPs in plants. Their bioavailability and bioactivity, and the effect of processing are also included. Our review provides a comprehensive understanding and theoretical guidance for the utilization of selenium-enriched proteins/peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Xiong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yatao Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liya Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Litao Tong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (B.F.); Tel.: +86-010-6281-5969 (F.W.); +86-010-6281-0295 (B.F.)
| | - Bei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (B.F.); Tel.: +86-010-6281-5969 (F.W.); +86-010-6281-0295 (B.F.)
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16
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Response surface optimization of selenium-enriched Moringa oleifera seed peptides with antioxidant, ACEI and XOI activities. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Food Protein-Derived Antioxidant Peptides: Molecular Mechanism, Stability and Bioavailability. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111622. [PMID: 36358972 PMCID: PMC9687809 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of protein-derived peptides was one of the first to be revealed among the more than 50 known peptide bioactivities to date. The exploitation value associated with food-derived antioxidant peptides is mainly attributed to their natural properties and effectiveness as food preservatives and in disease prevention, management, and treatment. An increasing number of antioxidant active peptides have been identified from a variety of renewable sources, including terrestrial and aquatic organisms and their processing by-products. This has important implications for alleviating population pressure, avoiding environmental problems, and promoting a sustainable shift in consumption. To identify such opportunities, we conducted a systematic literature review of recent research advances in food-derived antioxidant peptides, with particular reference to their biological effects, mechanisms, digestive stability, and bioaccessibility. In this review, 515 potentially relevant papers were identified from a preliminary search of the academic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. After removing non-thematic articles, articles without full text, and other quality-related factors, 52 review articles and 122 full research papers remained for analysis and reference. The findings highlighted chemical and biological evidence for a wide range of edible species as a source of precursor proteins for antioxidant-active peptides. Food-derived antioxidant peptides reduce the production of reactive oxygen species, besides activating endogenous antioxidant defense systems in cellular and animal models. The intestinal absorption and metabolism of such peptides were elucidated by using cellular models. Protein hydrolysates (peptides) are promising ingredients with enhanced nutritional, functional, and organoleptic properties of foods, not only as a natural alternative to synthetic antioxidants.
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18
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Hernández-Grijalva MI, Serrano-Sandoval SN, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Serna-Saldivar SO, Milán-Carrillo J, Antunes-Ricardo M, Villela-Castrejón J, Guardado-Félix D. Application of protein fractions from selenized sprouted chickpeas as emulsifying agents and evaluation of their antioxidant properties. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Zhang J, Chen X, Li H, Liu W, Liu X, Song Y, Cong X. Selenium-enriched soybean peptides pretreatment attenuates lung injury in mice induced by fine particulate matters (PM2.5) through inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB/IκBα signaling pathway and inflammasome generation. Food Funct 2022; 13:9459-9469. [PMID: 35979800 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01585d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify and prepare peptides from selenium (Se)-enriched soybeans and determine whether dietary Se-enriched soybean peptides (Se-SPep) could inhibit lung injury in mice induced by fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5). BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups. The mice in the prevention groups were pretreated with 378 mg kg-1 of Se-SPep, soybean peptides (SPep), and Se-enriched soybean protein (Se-SPro), respectively, for four weeks. The mice in the PM2.5 exposure group received concentrated PM2.5 (15 μg per day mice) for 1 h daily from the third week for two weeks. The results showed that the leukocyte and cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the PM2.5 exposure group were higher than those in the control group. Se-SPep pretreatment decreased the IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels compared with the PM2.5 exposure group. Additionally, Se-SPep pretreatment inhibited TLR4/NF-κB/IκBα and NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 protein expression in the lungs. In conclusion, Se-SPep pretreatment may protect the lungs of the mice against PM2.5-induced inflammation, suggesting that Se-SPep represents a potential preventative agent to inhibit PM2.5-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xinwei Chen
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - He Li
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Wanlu Liu
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xinqi Liu
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yao Song
- Handan Institute of Innovation, Peking University, Handan 056000, China
| | - Xin Cong
- Enshi Se-Run Health Tech Development Co. Ltd., Enshi 445000, China
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20
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Chen J, Feng T, Wang B, He R, Xu Y, Gao P, Zhang ZH, Zhang L, Fu J, Liu Z, Gao X. Enhancing organic selenium content and antioxidant activities of soy sauce using nano-selenium during soybean soaking. Front Nutr 2022; 9:970206. [PMID: 36051904 PMCID: PMC9426641 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.970206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-selenium has a greater potential than inorganic selenium in preventing selenium-deficiency diseases due to its higher safety. In this study, spherical nano-selenium particles (53.8 nm) were prepared using sodium selenite, ascorbic acid and chitosan. Selenium-enriched soy sauces were prepared by soaking soybean in nano-selenium and sodium selenite solutions (2–10 mg/L), respectively. Total selenium and organic selenium contents of soy sauces prepared by nano-selenium and sodium selenite were increased by 32–191-fold and 29–173-fold compared to the control (without selenium), and organic selenium accounted for over 90% of total selenium. Soy sauce prepared using 6 mg/L nano-selenium had the strongest antioxidant activities, which were 9.25–28.02% higher than the control. Nano-selenium (6 mg/L) markedly enhanced the koji's enzyme activities (9.76–33.59%), then the latter promoted the release of total phenolics (27.54%), total flavonoids (27.27%) and the formation of free amino acids (16.19%), Maillard reaction products (24.50%), finally the antioxidant activities of selenium-enriched soy sauce were enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tuo Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ronghai He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yanling Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peipei Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiangyan Fu
- Guangdong Chubang Food Co., Yangjiang, China
| | - Zhan Liu
- Guangdong Chubang Food Co., Yangjiang, China
| | - Xianli Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xianli Gao
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21
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Elgendey F, Al Wakeel RA, Hemeda SA, Elshwash AM, Fadl SE, Abdelazim AM, Alhujaily M, Khalifa OA. Selenium and/or vitamin E upregulate the antioxidant gene expression and parameters in broilers. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:310. [PMID: 35964043 PMCID: PMC9375396 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to free radicals, the first line of protection is assumed to be vitamin E and selenium. The present protocol was designed to assess the roles of vitamin E and/or a selenium-rich diet that affected the blood iron and copper concentrations, liver tissue antioxidant and lipid peroxidation, and gene expression linked to antioxidants in the liver tissue of broilers. The young birds were classified according to the dietary supplement into four groups; control, vitamin E (100 mg Vitamin/kg diet), selenium (0.3 mg sodium selenite/kg diet), and vitamin E pulse selenium (100 mg vitamin/kg diet with 0.3 mg sodium selenite/kg diet) group. RESULTS The results of this experiment suggested that the addition of vitamin E with selenium in the broiler diet significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) serum iron when compared with the other groups and serum copper when compared with the vitamin E group. Moreover, the supplements (vitamin E or vitamin E with selenium) positively affected the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant-related enzymes with decreased malondialdehyde (MDA),which represents lipid peroxidation in broiler liver tissue. Moreover, the two supplements significantly upregulated genes expression related to antioxidants. CONCLUSION Therefore, vitamin E and/or selenium can not only act as exogenous antioxidants to prevent oxidative damage by scavenging free radicals and superoxide, but also act as gene regulators, regulating the expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Elgendey
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736 Egypt
| | - Rasha A. Al Wakeel
- grid.411978.20000 0004 0578 3577Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516 Egypt
| | - Shabaan A. Hemeda
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526 Egypt
| | - Aya Mohamed Elshwash
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736 Egypt
| | - Sabreen E. Fadl
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, 51744 Egypt
| | - Aaser M. Abdelazim
- grid.494608.70000 0004 6027 4126Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Aapplied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhanad Alhujaily
- grid.494608.70000 0004 6027 4126Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922 Saudi Arabia
| | - Olla A. Khalifa
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736 Egypt
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22
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Zhu S, Cong X, Sun Z, Chen Z, Chen X, Zhu Z, Li S, Cheng S. Production of Cardamine violifolia selenium-enriched peptide using immobilized Alcalase on Fe 3O 4 modified by tannic acid and polyethyleneimine. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22082-22090. [PMID: 36043101 PMCID: PMC9364077 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03765c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of selenium (Se)-enriched peptides is vital for their application in supplementing organic Se. However, the poor stability and reusability of the free enzyme impedes the reaction. In this work, a highly stable immobilized Alcalase was synthesized by immobilizing Alcalase on tannic acid (TA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs). The optimal immobilization conditions for immobilized Alcalase were found at a TA/PEI (v/v) ratio of 1 : 1, pH of 10, and temperature of 40 °C, and the results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization confirmed the successful immobilization of Alcalase. The results of an enzyme property test showed that immobilized Alcalase had higher thermal and pH stability than free Alcalase, and retained 61.0% of the initial enzyme activity after 10 repetitions. Furthermore, the organic Se content of Se-enriched peptide prepared through enzymatic hydrolysis of Cardamine violifolia (CV) protein with immobilized Alcalase was 2914 mg kg−1, and the molecular weight was mainly concentrated in 924.4 Da with complete amino acid components. Therefore, this study proposes the feasibility of immobilized enzymes for the production of Se-enriched peptides. Preparation of Se-enriched peptides by enzymatic hydrolysis of Se-enriched protein of CV with immobilized Alcalase.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhu
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 China .,School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430205 PR China
| | - Xin Cong
- Enshi Se-Run Material Engineering Technology Co., Ltd Enshi 445000 Hubei China
| | - Zheng Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 China
| | - Zhe Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 China
| | - Xu Chen
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 China .,School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430205 PR China
| | - Zhenzhou Zhu
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 China .,School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430205 PR China
| | - Shuyi Li
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 China .,School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430205 PR China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430023 China .,School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan 430205 PR China
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23
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Jiang W, He S, Su D, Ye M, Zeng Q, Yuan Y. Synthesis, characterization of tuna polypeptide selenium nanoparticle, and its immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects in vivo. Food Chem 2022; 383:132405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Purification, identification, and antioxidative mechanism of three novel selenium-enriched oyster antioxidant peptides. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Zhang X, Jia L, He H, Yin H, Ming J, Hou T, Xiang J. Modulation of oxidative stress and gut microbiota by selenium-containing peptides from enshiensis Cardamine and structural-based characterization. Food Chem 2022; 395:133547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Chen X, Zhang J, Li H, Liu W, Xi Y, Liu X. A Comprehensive Comparison of Different Selenium Supplements: Mitigation of Heat Stress and Exercise Fatigue-Induced Liver Injury. Front Nutr 2022; 9:917349. [PMID: 35634369 PMCID: PMC9133842 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.917349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the protective effects of different selenium supplements against heat stress and exercise fatigue-induced liver injury and to investigate the potential mechanisms of action. Selenium-enriched soybean protein (SePro), selenium-enriched soybean peptides (SePPs), and selenomethionine (SeMet) are organic selenium supplements in which selenium replaces the sulfur in their sulfur-containing amino acids. Common peptides (PPs) are obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean protein which was extracted from common soybean. The SePPs with higher hydrolysis degree and selenium retention were isolated via alkaline solubilization and acid precipitation and the enzymatic hydrolysis of alkaline protease, neutral protease, and papain. The results showed that SePPs could significantly increase the antioxidant levels in rats, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and reduce liver enzyme levels in rat serum, while the histological findings indicated that the inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver tissue was reduced, and new cells appeared after treatment with SePPs. Moreover, SePPs could increase glutathione (GSH) and GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver, as well as protect the liver by regulating the NF-κB/IκB pathway, prevent interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) release in the liver. The SePPs displayed higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in vivo than SePro, SeMet, Sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), and PPs. Therefore, SePPs could be used as a priority selenium resource to develop heatstroke prevention products or nutritional supplements.
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Zhang X, He H, Xiang J, Hou T. Screening and bioavailability evaluation of anti-oxidative selenium-containing peptides from soybeans based on specific structures. Food Funct 2022; 13:5252-5261. [PMID: 35438695 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00113f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has evaluated the antioxidant capacity and identified the sequences of soybean selenium-containing peptides. Herein, pharmacophore screening, gastrointestinal simulation and in vivo pharmacokinetics were performed to predict the potentials of selenium-containing peptides in terms of antioxidant activity, safety and bioavailability. A pharmacophore model with 6 structure features was constructed for virtual screening to determine the potential activities of 85 selenium sequences from soybean peptides. Strong reversing effects (p < 0.05) of the targeted sequences were observed in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced inflammatory cytokines and adhesion factors burst in EA·hy926/Caco-2 co-culture cell models. Ser-Phe-Gln-SeMet (SFQSeM), a promising peptide selected from both virtual screening and cell models, was proved to be stable in the gastrointestinal tract and could be transported across the Caco-2 monolayer via the paracellular pathway. Additionally, SFQSeM showed a long residence time (89.42 ± 1.34 min) and half-life (81.60 ± 11.88 min) after consumption, and it induced lower liver alanine/aspartate transaminase (ALT/AST) and serum nitric oxide (NO) levels compared to Na2SeO3 and SeMet (p < 0.05). The potency of SFQSeM against oxidative stress as well as its oral bioavailability and low risk highlight its potential utility as an effective Se nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hui He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jiqian Xiang
- Enshi Tujia & Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Enshi Tujia & Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, China
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28
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Hu X, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Ding J, Liu Y, Qin W. An updated review of functional properties, debittering methods, and applications of soybean functional peptides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8823-8838. [PMID: 35482930 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2062587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Soybean functional peptides (SFPs) are obtained via the hydrolysis of soybean protein into polypeptides, oligopeptides, and a small amount of amino acids. They have nutritional value and a variety of functional properties, including regulating blood lipids, lowering blood pressure, anti-diabetes, anti-oxidant, preventing COVID-19, etc. SFPs have potential application prospects in food processing, functional food development, clinical medicine, infant milk powder, special medical formulations, among others. However, bitter peptides containing relatively more hydrophobic amino acids can be formed during the production of SFPs, seriously restricting the application of SFPs. High-quality confirmatory human trials are needed to determine effective doses, potential risks, and mechanisms of action, especially as dietary supplements and special medical formulations. Therefore, the physiological activities and potential risks of soybean polypeptides are summarized, and the existing debitterness technologies and their applicability are reviewed. The technical challenges and research areas to be addressed in optimizing debittering process parameters and improving the applicability of SFPs are discussed, including integrating various technologies to obtain higher quality functional peptides, which will facilitate further exploration of physiological mechanism, metabolic pathway, tolerance, bioavailability, and potential hazards of SFPs. This review can help promote the value of SFPs and the development of the soybean industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Qinqiu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Jie Ding
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaowen Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Wen Qin
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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29
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Zhang J, Zhang Q, Li H, Chen X, Liu W, Liu X. Antioxidant activity of SSeCAHK in HepG2 cells: a selenopeptide identified from selenium-enriched soybean protein hydrolysates. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33872-33882. [PMID: 35497303 PMCID: PMC9042330 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06539d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is aimed at purifying and identifying selenium (Se)-containing antioxidative peptides from Se-enriched soybean peptides (SSP). In this work, the SSP was separated into five fractions (F1 to F5). Fraction F4, displaying the highest antioxidative activity, was further separated, and sub-fractions F4-1 to F4-5 were selected for antioxidative activity evaluation using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS), and OH− radical scavenging assays. The Se-containing antioxidative peptides with sequence Ser–SeC–Ala–His–Lys (SSeCAHK) were identified in sub-fraction F4-1 and chemically synthesized. This Se-containing pentapeptide showed a preventive effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Pretreating the cells for 2 h with SSeCAHK (0.13–0.50 mg mL−1) induced strong intracellular, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity while preventing a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA). Therefore, SSeCAHK treatment improved H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells, demonstrating the significant potential of SSeCAHK as a natural antioxidative functional material for dietary supplementation. Se-containing antioxidative soybean peptides were isolated and identified as SSeCAHK. The SSeCAHK had protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and could be used as a natural food-born antioxidant.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - He Li
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Wanlu Liu
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
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30
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Analytical Problems in Separation of Selenomethionine and Its Oxidative Product in HILIC HPLC. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165073. [PMID: 34443660 PMCID: PMC8398165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenomethionine (SeMet) is one of the main selenium forms in foods and supplements. Determining its presence in natural food samples creates difficulties due to possible oxidation processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible degradation of SeMet in water extracts of green teas, one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. Such a medium has not been investigated at this time. The HILIC-HPLC MS/MS method with different stationary phases was used to achieve the satisfactory separation of SeMet and selenomethionine oxide (SeMetO). The addition of dithiothreitol and β-mercaptoethanol, recommended to ensure that SeMet is kept in the reduced form, was also evaluated. The best separation was achieved using the zwitterionic HILIC stationary phase coupled to mass spectrometry and MeOH with water (85/15, v/v) as the eluent. Extraction was done with hot water with the addition of β-mercaptoethanol. The infusions prepared from Lung-Ching teas (from the Zhejiang Province in China) contained the highest concentration of selenium in a typical cup of tea (12.5–17.3 µg L−1). For other tested teas it decreased in the following order: Yunnan > Dilmah > Lipton. For Lung-Ching teas, the sum of concentrations of SeMet and SeMetO corresponded to about 46–63% of the total selenium in their extracts.
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31
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Kim IS, Yang WS, Kim CH. Beneficial Effects of Soybean-Derived Bioactive Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8570. [PMID: 34445273 PMCID: PMC8395274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides present in foods are involved in nutritional functions by supplying amino acids; sensory functions related to taste or solubility, emulsification, etc.; and bioregulatory functions in various physiological activities. In particular, peptides have a wide range of physiological functions, including as anticancer agents and in lowering blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels, enhancing immunity, and promoting calcium absorption. Soy protein can be partially hydrolyzed enzymatically to physiologically active soy (or soybean) peptides (SPs), which not only exert physiological functions but also help amino acid absorption in the body and reduce bitterness by hydrolyzing hydrophobic amino acids from the C- or N-terminus of soy proteins. They also possess significant gel-forming, emulsifying, and foaming abilities. SPs are expected to be able to prevent and treat atherosclerosis by inhibiting the reabsorption of bile acids in the digestive system, thereby reducing blood cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and fat levels. In addition, soy contains blood pressure-lowering peptides that inhibit angiotensin-I converting enzyme activity and antithrombotic peptides that inhibit platelet aggregation, as well as anticancer, antioxidative, antimicrobial, immunoregulatory, opiate-like, hypocholesterolemic, and antihypertensive activities. In animal models, neuroprotective and cognitive capacity as well as cardiovascular activity have been reported. SPs also inhibit chronic kidney disease and tumor cell growth by regulating the expression of genes associated with apoptosis, inflammation, cell cycle arrest, invasion, and metastasis. Recently, various functions of soybeans, including their physiologically active functions, have been applied to health-oriented foods, functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. This review introduces some current results on the role of bioactive peptides found in soybeans related to health functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Sup Kim
- Advanced Bioresource Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | | | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Glycobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul 16419, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Seoul 16419, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
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