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Wang Y, Mao J, Zhang M, Liu L, Zhu Y, Gu M, Zhang J, Bu H, Sun Y, Sun J, Ma Y, Guo L, Zheng Y, Liu Q. An Umbrella Insight into the Phytochemistry Features and Biological Activities of Corn Silk: A Narrative Review. Molecules 2024; 29:891. [PMID: 38398644 PMCID: PMC10891732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Corn silk (Zea mays L.) is the stigma of an annual gramineous plant named corn, which is distributed in many regions worldwide and has a long history of medicinal use. In recent years, with the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine, studies of corn silk based on modern technologies, such as GC-MS, LC-MS, and other analytical means, have offered more comprehensive analyses. Phytochemistry studies have shown that the main bioactive components in corn silk include flavonoids, polyphenols, phenolic acids, fatty acids, and terpenoids. Pharmacological studies have shown that corn silk extract has various pharmacological effects, such as reducing blood lipids, lowering blood pressure, regulating blood sugar levels, anti-inflammatory effects, and anti-oxidation effects. In this paper, the related research on corn silk from the past few years is summarized to provide a theoretical reference for the further development and utilization of corn silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Jialin Mao
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Lei Liu
- Graduate School, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Yu Zhu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Meiling Gu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Jinling Zhang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Hongzhou Bu
- Chinese Medicine Detection Laboratory, Drugs Control Center of Qiqihar, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Yu Sun
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Jia Sun
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yukun Ma
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Lina Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Yan Zheng
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
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Ribeiro LAF, Dos Santos IBF, Ferraz CG, de Souza-Neta LC, Silva VR, Santos LDS, Bezerra DP, Soares MBP, Zambotti-Villela L, Colepicolo P, Ferreira AG, Araújo FM, Ribeiro PR. Bioactive compounds from Vellozia pyrantha A.A.Conc: A metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis approach. Fitoterapia 2023; 171:105686. [PMID: 37748714 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of V. pyrantha resin (VpR) and fractions (VpFr1-7 and VpWS) were assessed by LC-MS and NMR. Twenty-eight metabolites were identified, including 16 diterpenoids, seven nor-diterpenoids, one fatty acid, one bis-diterpenoid, one steroid, one flavonoid, and one triterpenoid. The pharmacological potential of VpR, VpFr1-7, and isolated compounds was assessed by determining their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. VpFr4 (IC50 = 205.48 ± 3.37 μg.mL-1) had the highest antioxidant activity, whereas VpFr6 (IC50 = 842.79 ± 10.23 μg.mL-1) had the lowest. The resin was only active against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 62.5 μg.mL-1) and Salmonella choleraesius (MIC and MFC 500 μg.mL-1), but fractions were enriched with antibacterial compounds. V. pyrantha resin and fractions showed great cytotoxic activity against HCT116 (IC50 = 20.08 μg.mL-1), HepG2 (IC50 = 20.50 μg.mL-1), and B16-F10 (12.17 μg.mL-1) cell lines. Multivariate statistical analysis was used as a powerful tool to pinpoint possible metabolites responsible for the observed activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz A F Ribeiro
- Metabolomics Research Group, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Aplicada (PGQA), Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Iago B F Dos Santos
- Metabolomics Research Group, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Caline G Ferraz
- Metabolomics Research Group, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Aplicada (PGQA), Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lourdes C de Souza-Neta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Aplicada (PGQA), Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pio Colepicolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Ferreira
- Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Floricéa M Araújo
- Metabolomics Research Group, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Ribeiro
- Metabolomics Research Group, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Aplicada (PGQA), Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
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Lapčík L, Řepka D, Lapčíková B, Sumczynski D, Gautam S, Li P, Valenta T. A Physicochemical Study of the Antioxidant Activity of Corn Silk Extracts. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112159. [PMID: 37297404 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Corn silk (CS) extracts are reported to contain flavonoids (appx. 59.65 mg quercetin/g), polysaccharides (appx. 58.75 w.%), steroids (appx. 38.3 × 10-3 to 368.9 × 10-3 mg/mL), polyphenols (appx. 77.89 mg/GAE/g) and other functional biological substances. This study investigated the antioxidant activity of corn silk extracts related to their functional compounds. The radical scavenging effect of corn silk extracts was evaluated by the spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS•+) free radical measurement, ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power, and copper ion reductive capacity. It was found that the maturity stage of CS plant materials and the applied extraction procedure of their bioactive compounds have a profound effect on the radical scavenging capacity. Differences in the antioxidant activity of the studied corn silk samples based on their maturity were also confirmed. The strongest DPPH radical scavenging effect was observed for the corn silk mature stage (CS-M)stage (CS-MS) (65.20 ± 0.90)%, followed by the silky stage (CS-S) (59.33 ± 0.61)% and the milky stage (CS-M) (59.20 ± 0.92)%, respectively. In general, the final maturity stage (CS-MS) provided the most potent antioxidant effect, followed by the earliest maturity stage (CS-S) and the second maturity stage (CS-M).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomír Lapčík
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Řepka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lapčíková
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Sumczynski
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Shweta Gautam
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Valenta
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
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Zhou WY, Niu JQ, Li Q, Du NN, Li JY, Lin B, Yao GD, Huang XX, Song SJ. Utilization of the By-Product of Corn: Guided Identification of Bioactive Terpenoids from Stigma Maydis (Corn Silk). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3338-3349. [PMID: 36786443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stigma maydis (corn silk) (S. maydis) is a food-based by-product of maize and possesses great nutritional and pharmaceutical value. This study aimed to explore bioactive components from S. maydis. By the guidance of bioactivity-guided approach and Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) molecular networking, 12 terpenoids were discovered from S. maydis. The structures of 11 undescribed compounds (1-11) were determined by detailed spectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, specific rotation calculations, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and NMR calculations. The neuroprotective and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects of 1-12 were examined, and most of them showed significant or moderate activities. The underlying neuroprotective mechanism of 4 and 5 was revealed by Hoechst 33258, AO-EB, and JC-1 staining assays. This work illustrated the potential of S. maydis as a prospective natural source of bioactive compounds in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jia-Qi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Ning-Ning Du
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Guo-Dong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
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Fougère L, Zubrzycki S, Elfakir C, Destandau E. Characterization of Corn Silk Extract Using HPLC/HRMS/MS Analyses and Bioinformatic Data Processing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:721. [PMID: 36840069 PMCID: PMC9968068 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In addition to having different biological activities of interest, corn silks play a role in the defense of plants. While benzoxamines and flavonoids have already been identified as molecules of plant defense and growth mechanisms, knowledge on the phytochemical composition of corn silk is lacking. Such knowledge would make it possible to better select the most effective varieties to improve resistance or bioactive properties. In this article, an approach was implemented to map a corn silk extract in two complementary ways. The first one involved working with UHPLC/HRMS data and Kendrick and van Krevelen plots to highlight a homologous series of compounds, such as lipids from 17 to 23 carbons, monoglycosylated flavonoids from 21 to 24 carbons, diglycosylated flavonoids of 26 to 28 carbons and organic acids of 14 to 19 carbons. The second way was to analyze the sample in UHPLC/HRMS2 and to plot mass spectral similarity networks with the GNPS platform and Cytoscape software to refine identification. By combining the information obtained, we were able to propose an identification for 104 detected molecules, including 7 nitrogenous, 28 lipidic and 67 phenolic compounds, leading to the first detailed phytochemical analysis of corn silk extract.
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Ferreira SL, Scarminio IS, Veras G, Bezerra MA, da Silva Junior JB. Special issue – XI Brazilian Chemometrics Workshop Preface. Food Chem 2022; 390:133113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Boeira CP, Flores DCB, Alves JDS, Moura MRD, Melo PTS, Rolim CMB, Nogueira-Librelotto DR, Rosa CSD. Effect of corn stigma extract on physical and antioxidant properties of biodegradable and edible gelatin and corn starch films. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:698-706. [PMID: 35351551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of bio-based food packaging with antioxidant properties is an important research topic and has gained prominence these days. In this study, bioactive films were developed based gelatin-corn starch (GCS) incorporated with corn stigma extract (CSE) at different concentrations (15% and 25%; w/v). In preliminary tests, the extract maintained cell viability above 90% indicating that it is safe for application as an active ingredient. Insertion of the extract did not influence the thickness of the films but caused a slight change in optical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed interactions between the extract's bioactive compounds with gelatin and corn starch compounds, which may have improved the mechanical properties (elongation at break, Young's modulus). The addition of 25% corn stigma extract increased the contact angle, giving the film a hydrophobic character. Furthermore, at this concentration, a 15% reduction in water vapor permeability was observed. The elaborated films showed complete biodegradability before the tenth day of the study. It can be inferred that the films with corn stigma extract have good antioxidant properties, indicating that they can be used as an ingredient for food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Pagnossim Boeira
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Jamila Dos Santos Alves
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina de Moura
- Hybrid Composites and Nanocomposites Group, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Pamela Thais Sousa Melo
- Hybrid Composites and Nanocomposites Group, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarice Madalena Bueno Rolim
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Severo da Rosa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Xue G, Su S, Yan P, Shang J, Wang J, Yan C, Li J, Wang Q, Du Y, Cao L, Xu H. Quality control of Zingiberis Rhizoma and its processed products by UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based non-targeted metabonomics combining with SIBDV method. Food Res Int 2022; 154:111021. [PMID: 35337577 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR) is a homologous plant with pungent tastes and aromas, which has unique nutritional value and tremendous application potentiality. Zingiberis Rhizoma Praeparatum (ZRP) and Carbonised Ginger (CG) are processed products of ZR through different processing methods, and they are commonly used ingredients in food supplements. This study used ZR, ZRP and CG from different batches to further understand composition differences after processing. Additionally, we performed non-targeted metabolomics-based profiling of gingerols by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) in combination with multivariate analysis and compounds identification. In which, we developed a comprehensive SWATH-IDA bi-directionally verified (SIBDV) method integrating the advantages of Sequential Windowed Acquisition of all Theoretical fragment ions (SWATHTM) and traditional information-dependent acquisition (IDA) mode for characterization of gingerols. Potential chemical markers were selected by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) of chemometrics methods. After that, the threshold variable importance in projection (VIP) value and P value were employed to screen the valuable MS features for discriminating ZR, ZRP and CG. In total, 59 gingerols in the different samples were structurally identified. Results allowed the selection of 33 gingerols, which are nominated as novel markers for materials authentication in ZR, ZRP and CG. The analysis of the study showed that the content of gingerols showed a downward trend after processing, but shogaols and gingerone compounds had an upward trend, resulting in differences in application and pharmacodynamic efficacy. These findings provide promising perspectives in the quality control of ZR, ZRP and CG, as well as for laying the foundation in food design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiren Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Jiawei Shang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Chengye Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Jiaxi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yingfeng Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Huijun Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
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da Silva SVS, Barboza OM, Souza JT, Soares ÉN, dos Santos CC, Pacheco LV, Santos IP, Magalhães TBDS, Soares MBP, Guimarães ET, Meira CS, Costa SL, da Silva VDA, de Santana LLB, de Freitas Santos Júnior A. Structural Design, Synthesis and Antioxidant, Antileishmania, Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of a Novel Quercetin Acetylated Derivative. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226923. [PMID: 34834016 PMCID: PMC8623808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (Q) is a bioflavonoid with biological potential; however, poor solubility in water, extensive enzymatic metabolism and a reduced bioavailability limit its biopharmacological use. The aim of this study was to perform structural modification in Q by acetylation, thus, obtaining the quercetin pentaacetate (Q5) analogue, in order to investigate the biological potentials (antioxidant, antileishmania, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities) in cell cultures. Q5 was characterized by FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The antioxidant potential was evaluated against the radical ABTS•+. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by measuring the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the production of nitric oxide (NO) in peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice. Cytotoxicity tests were performed using the AlamarBlue method in cancer cells HepG2 (human hepatocarcinoma), HL-60 (promyelocytic leukemia) and MCR-5 (healthy human lung fibroblasts) as well as the MTT method for C6 cell cultures (rat glioma). Q and Q5 showed antioxidant activity of 29% and 18%, respectively, which is justified by the replacement of hydroxyls by acetyl groups. Q and Q5 showed concentration-dependent reductions in NO and TNF production (p < 0.05); Q and Q5 showed higher activity at concentrations > 40µM when compared to dexamethasone (20 µM). For the HL-60 lineage, Q5 demonstrated selectivity, inducing death in cancer cells, when compared to the healthy cell line MRC-5 (IC50 > 80 µM). Finally, the cytotoxic superiority of Q5 was verified (IC50 = 11 µM), which, at 50 µM for 24 h, induced changes in the morphology of C6 glioma cells characterized by a round body shape (not yet reported in the literature). The analogue Q5 had potential biological effects and may be promising for further investigations against other cell cultures, particularly neural ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Vislei Simões da Silva
- Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia (UNEB), Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil; (S.V.S.d.S.); (O.M.B.); (L.V.P.); (T.B.d.S.M.); (E.T.G.); (C.S.M.); (L.L.B.d.S.)
| | - Orlando Maia Barboza
- Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia (UNEB), Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil; (S.V.S.d.S.); (O.M.B.); (L.V.P.); (T.B.d.S.M.); (E.T.G.); (C.S.M.); (L.L.B.d.S.)
| | - Jéssica Teles Souza
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (J.T.S.); (É.N.S.); (C.C.d.S.); (S.L.C.); (V.D.A.d.S.)
| | - Érica Novaes Soares
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (J.T.S.); (É.N.S.); (C.C.d.S.); (S.L.C.); (V.D.A.d.S.)
| | - Cleonice Creusa dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (J.T.S.); (É.N.S.); (C.C.d.S.); (S.L.C.); (V.D.A.d.S.)
| | - Luciano Vasconcellos Pacheco
- Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia (UNEB), Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil; (S.V.S.d.S.); (O.M.B.); (L.V.P.); (T.B.d.S.M.); (E.T.G.); (C.S.M.); (L.L.B.d.S.)
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil; (I.P.S.); (M.B.P.S.)
| | | | - Tatiana Barbosa dos Santos Magalhães
- Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia (UNEB), Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil; (S.V.S.d.S.); (O.M.B.); (L.V.P.); (T.B.d.S.M.); (E.T.G.); (C.S.M.); (L.L.B.d.S.)
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil; (I.P.S.); (M.B.P.S.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, BA, Brazil
| | - Elisalva Teixeira Guimarães
- Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia (UNEB), Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil; (S.V.S.d.S.); (O.M.B.); (L.V.P.); (T.B.d.S.M.); (E.T.G.); (C.S.M.); (L.L.B.d.S.)
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil; (I.P.S.); (M.B.P.S.)
| | - Cássio Santana Meira
- Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia (UNEB), Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil; (S.V.S.d.S.); (O.M.B.); (L.V.P.); (T.B.d.S.M.); (E.T.G.); (C.S.M.); (L.L.B.d.S.)
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil; (I.P.S.); (M.B.P.S.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, BA, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (J.T.S.); (É.N.S.); (C.C.d.S.); (S.L.C.); (V.D.A.d.S.)
| | - Victor Diógenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil; (J.T.S.); (É.N.S.); (C.C.d.S.); (S.L.C.); (V.D.A.d.S.)
| | - Lourenço Luís Botelho de Santana
- Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia (UNEB), Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil; (S.V.S.d.S.); (O.M.B.); (L.V.P.); (T.B.d.S.M.); (E.T.G.); (C.S.M.); (L.L.B.d.S.)
| | - Aníbal de Freitas Santos Júnior
- Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia (UNEB), Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil; (S.V.S.d.S.); (O.M.B.); (L.V.P.); (T.B.d.S.M.); (E.T.G.); (C.S.M.); (L.L.B.d.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-71-3117-5313
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