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Radoor S, Jayakumar A, Karayil J, Kim JT, Siengchin S. Nelumbo nucifera flower extract incorporated alginate/polyvinyl alcohol films as a sustainable pH indicator for active food packaging applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133170. [PMID: 38880445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing demand for environmentally friendly smart packaging materials. Therefore, in this study, we developed an eco-friendly pH-sensitive indicator film through the solvent casting process, incorporating alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, garlic, and Nelumbo nucifera flower extract. The effect of extract on the chemical and physical properties of the film were extensively studied using various characterization techniques. XRD and FTIR reveal the strong interaction between the polymers and the extract. The incorporation of the extract influenced various parameters such as swelling behavior, water solubility, and moisture content, while also improving the film's thermal stability, biodegradability, as well as its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Interestingly, the film exhibited a color change in response to pH change. During shrimp storage, the film showed a visible transition from purple to green, indicating shrimp spoilage. Additionally, the film's ability to detect freshness was confirmed by measuring total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN). These findings suggest that the PVA/alginate/garlic/Nelumbo nucifera film shows promise as an intelligent packaging material for real-time food monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabarish Radoor
- Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
| | - Aswathy Jayakumar
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jasila Karayil
- Department of Applied Science, Government Engineering College, West Hill, Kozhikode, India
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
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2
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Oun AA, Roy S, Hong SJ, Shin GH, Yoo S, Kim JT. Development of smart colorimetric indicators for tracking kimchi freshness by loading aronia extract in agar, κ-carrageenan, and cellulose nanofiber films. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132343. [PMID: 38750841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Color indicator films incorporating aronia extract powder (AEP) and biopolymers like agar, carrageenan, and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) were developed to monitor kimchi freshness. AEP-containing films showed strong UV-barrier properties, and reduced light transmittance by 99.12 % for agar, 98.86 % for carrageenan, and 98.67 % for CNF-based films. All AEP-films exhibited high sensitivity to pH changes and vapor exposure to ammonia and acetic acid. Color change notably influenced by the polymer type, particularly evident with ammonia vapor exposure, especially in the AEP/carrageenan film. The chemical structure and thermal stability of the biopolymers remained unchanged after AEP-addition. Tensile strength increased by 24.2 % for AEP/CNF but decreased by 19.4 % for AEP/agar and 24.3 % for AEP/carrageenan films. AEP-containing films displayed strong antioxidant activity, with 99 % free radical scavenging in ABTS and ~ 80 % in DPPH assays. Alkalized AEP-indicator films were more effective in detecting color changes during kimchi packaging tests. Among the labels, alkalized AEP/agar film showed the most obvious color change from green-gray (fresh kimchi, pH 5.5, acidity 0.48 %) to pale brown (optimal fermentation, pH 4.6, acidity 0.70 %), and pale violet-brown (over-fermented, pH 3.80, acidity 1.35 %). Alkalized AEP-indicator films offer promising real-time detection of packed fermented foods like kimchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Oun
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Central Lab, Regional Center for Food & Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Swarup Roy
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Su Jung Hong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye Hwa Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungRan Yoo
- Hygienic Safety·Packaging Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Tae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Chen T, Yan Y, Zhou X, Liu W, Tan R, Wei D, Feng Y, Cui Q, Wang W, Zhang R, Wu N, Xu H, Qu D, Zhang H, Wu G, Zhao Y. An antioxidant hydrogel dressing with wound pH indication function prepared based on silanized bacterial nanocellulose crosslinked with beet red pigment extract. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131824. [PMID: 38697411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining wound moisture and monitoring of infection are crucial aspects of chronic wound treatment. The development of a pH-sensitive functional hydrogel dressing is an effective approach to monitor, protect, and facilitate wound healing. In this study, beet red pigment extract (BRPE) served as a native and efficient pH indicator by being grafted into silane-modified bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) to prepare a pH-sensitive wound hydrogel dressing (S-g-BNC/BRPE). FTIR confirmed the successful grafting of BRPE into the BNC matrix. The S-g-BNC/BRPE showed superior mechanical properties (0.25 MPa), swelling rate (1251 % on average), and hydrophilic properties (contact angle 21.83°). The composite exhibited a notable color change as the pH changed between 4.0 and 9.0. It appeared purple-red when the pH ranged from 4.0 to 6.0, and appeared light pink at pH 7.0 and 7.4, and appeared ginger-yellow at pH 8.0 and 9.0. Subsequently, the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the composite was evaluated, its DPPH·, ABTS+, ·OH scavenging rates were 32.33 %, 19.31 %, and 30.06 %, respectively, and the cytotoxicity test clearly demonstrated the safety of the dressing. The antioxidant hydrogel dressing, fabricated with a cost-effective and easy method, not only showed excellent biocompatibility and dressing performance but could also indicated the wound state based on pH changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yiran Yan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Ran Tan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Dingkang Wei
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yetong Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Qi Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 26003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 26003, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Nan Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hailong Xu
- Institute of blue economic Research, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Dehui Qu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Guochao Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Mushroom Technology, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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Wang D, Zhang M, Jiang Q, Mujumdar AS. Intelligent System/Equipment for Quality Deterioration Detection of Fresh Food: Recent Advances and Application. Foods 2024; 13:1662. [PMID: 38890891 PMCID: PMC11171494 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The quality of fresh foods tends to deteriorate rapidly during harvesting, storage, and transportation. Intelligent detection equipment is designed to monitor and ensure product quality in the supply chain, measure appropriate food quality parameters in real time, and thus minimize quality degradation and potential financial losses. Through various available tracking devices, consumers can obtain actionable information about fresh food products. This paper reviews the recent progress in intelligent detection equipment for sensing the quality deterioration of fresh foods, including computer vision equipment, electronic nose, smart colorimetric films, hyperspectral imaging (HSI), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultrasonic non-destructive testing, and intelligent tracing equipment. These devices offer the advantages of high speed, non-destructive operation, precision, and high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.W.); (Q.J.)
- Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.W.); (Q.J.)
- China General Chamber of Commerce Key Laboratory on Fresh Food Processing & Preservation, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (D.W.); (Q.J.)
| | - Arun S. Mujumdar
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne decBellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada;
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5
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Key S, Ryan PG, Gabbott SE, Allen J, Abbott AP. Influence of colourants on environmental degradation of plastic litter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123701. [PMID: 38432345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Plastic degradation and the resultant production of microplastics has an important effect on the environment and fauna across the world. This paper shows that the colourant incorporated into plastic formulations has a significant effect on the stability of plastics. A static experimental exposure of differently coloured polypropylene bottle tops from the same manufacturer to a moderate climate over 3 years showed that black, white and silver plastics were almost unaffected whereas the specific blue, green and especially red pigments used in this study were significantly degraded. The second part of the study collected littered HDPE plastic containers from a remote South African beach and analysed their condition as a function of the given manufacturing date stamp. Most items were black or white and samples up to 45 years old were found with relatively little environmental degradation other than mild abrasion. It appears that carbon and titanium dioxide colourants protect the HDPE polymer from photolytic degradation. While anthraquinone, phthalocyanine and diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments were found to enable UV light to degrade the polymer leading to brittle plastics, promoting the formation of microplastics, it is likely that other pigments that do not strongly absorb in the UV will result in similar degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Key
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Sarah E Gabbott
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Jack Allen
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Andrew P Abbott
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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Li C, Li F, Wang K, Xie D. Green and facile fabrication of multifunctional cellulose nanocrystal and carvacrol together reinforced chitosan bio-nanocomposite coatings for fruit preservation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130651. [PMID: 38462113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The continuous development of sustainable food-active packaging materials and practices with high performance is a response to the increasing challenges posed by microbial food safety and environmental contamination. In this study, a multifunctional bio-nanocomposite composed primarily of chitosan, cellulose nanomaterials and carvacrol was proposed as a conformal coating for fruit preservation. The coating exhibits excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities owing to the incorporation of the carvacrol. The inhibition rate of the coating on E. coli and S. aureus is enhanced by 57.13 % and 62.18 %, respectively. And its antioxidant activities is also improved by 77.45 %. In addition, the oxygen permeability (OP) and water vapor permeability (WVP) of this CS/CNC coating are significantly lowered by 67 % and 46 %, respectively, comparing with the CS coating. The coating exhibited excellent biosafety and cytocompatibility because of over 90 % of the HepG2 cells remained alive in each concentration of the coating after 24 h incubation. Additionally, the efficacy of the coating in prolonging the freshness and visual appeal of perishable fruits is substantiated by the experiment involving two fruit specimens. Furthermore, the coating's ease of production, ingestibility, washability, and utilization of cost-effective and easily accessible biomaterials, including renewable waste materials, indicate its potential as a viable economic substitute for commercially accessible fruit coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China; Guangdong Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Fayong Li
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China; Guangdong Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510316, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China; Guangdong Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, China; Guangdong Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510316, China.
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Ihsan S, Gul H, Jamila N, Khan N, Ullah R, Bari A, Nee TW, Hwang JH, Masood R. Biogenic Salvia species synthesized silver nanoparticles with catalytic, sensing, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25814. [PMID: 38375246 PMCID: PMC10875438 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Salvia (Lamiaceae family) is used as a brain tonic to improve cognitive function. The species including S. plebeia and S. moorcroftiana are locally used to cure hepatitis, cough, tumours, hemorrhoids, diarrhoea, common cold, flu, and asthma. To the best of authors' knowledge, no previous study has been conducted on synthesis of S. plebeia and S. moorcroftiana silver nanoparticles (SPAgNPs and SMAgNPs). The study was aimed to synthesize AgNPs from the subject species aqueous and ethanol extracts, and assess catalytic potential in degradation of standard and extracted (from yums, candies, and snacks) dyes, nitrophenols, and antibiotics. The study also aimed at AgNPs as probe in sensing metalloids and heavy metal ions including Pb2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, and Zn2+. From the results, it was found that Salvia aqueous extract afforded stable AgNPs in 1:9 and 1:15 (quantity of aqueous extract and silver nitrate solution concentration) whereas ethanol extract yielded AgNPs in 1:10 (quantity of ethanol extract and silver nitrate solution concentration) reacted in sunlight. The size of SPAgNPs and SMAgNPs determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were 21.7 nm and 19.9 nm, with spherical, cylindrical, and deep hollow morphology. The synthesized AgNPs demonstrated significant potential as catalyst in dyes; Congo red (85 %), methylene blue (75 %), Rhodamine B (<50 %), nitrophenols; ortho-nitrophenol (95-98 %) and para-nitrophenol (95-98 %), dyes extracted from food samples including yums, candies, and snacks. The antibiotics (amoxicillin, doxycycline, levofloxacin) degraded up to 80 %-95 % degradation. Furthermore, the synthesized AgNPs as probe in sensing of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ in Kabul river water, due to agglomeration, caused a significant decrease and bathochromic shift of SPR band (430 nm) when analyzed after 30 min. The Pb2+ ions was comparatively more agglomerated and chelated. Thus, the practical applicability of AgNPs in Pb2+ sensing was significant. Based on the results of this research study, the synthesized AgNPs could provide promising efficiency in wastewater treatment containing organic dyes, antibiotics, and heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ihsan
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hajera Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Jamila
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tan Wen Nee
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Joon Ho Hwang
- Nanobio Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation (JBF), Jangsung-gun, Jeollanam-do, 57248, South Korea
| | - Rehana Masood
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Aliakbari FS, Kashiri M, Ghorani B, Khomeiri M, Jafari SM. Development of halochromic electrospun labels for non-invasive shelf life assessment of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss): Incorporation of barberry anthocyanin extract in protein-based smart packaging. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2024:10820132231219779. [PMID: 38374619 DOI: 10.1177/10820132231219779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Using barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) as a natural dye in combination with electrospinning technology represents a promising approach for the development of intelligent packaging systems. In this study, the influence of different concentrations of zein (16, 18, and 20%) and barberry anthocyanin-rich powder (BARP) (16, 18, and 20%) on the surface tension and rheological properties of the solution were evaluated. The most favorable nanofibers (NFs) were obtained from a solution containing 18% (w/w) zein under constant voltage. The surface morphology, size, and color-changing properties of electrospun NFs derived from zein polymers containing different concentrations of BARP (16, 18, and 20%) under various electrical fields (20, 22, and 24 kV) were evaluated. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the interaction of BARP within the zein-based NFs. The results indicated that the concentration of BARP had a noticeable impact on the physicochemical properties of the NFs. Furthermore, efficacy of the appropriately fabricated halochromic label was evaluated for monitoring the packed rainbow trout fillet during refrigerated storage. On the 10th day, a noticeable visual color turned from pink to pale yellow was observed in response to pH variations. Additionally, the TVN value confirmed the effectiveness of halochromic electrospun labels for non-invasive assessment of fish fillet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Sadat Aliakbari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Kashiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Behrouz Ghorani
- Department of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Khomeiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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Long P, Li Y, Han Z, Zhu M, Zhai X, Jiang Z, Wen M, Ho CT, Zhang L. Discovery of color compounds: Integrated multispectral omics on exploring critical colorant compounds of black tea infusion. Food Chem 2024; 432:137185. [PMID: 37633133 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study provided a highly efficient and systematic workflow for identifying colorants of food and beverage. Generally, the objective colorimeter and subjective human eye had different systems to identify colors, which makes the color description very challenging. Here, the Lab/LCH color system was applied to clearly illustrate color changes. Our workflow was applied to determine and verify the differential colorant substances between two groups of black tea infusions. Regarding color parameters, the infusions of black tea from Camellia sinensis and Camellia assamica differed significantly. The differential substances between black tea infusions were correlated to color parameters by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance based multivariate statistical analysis and verified by machine learning tool. Pyroglutamic acid-glucose Amadori product, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quinic acid and theabrownins were identified as main color contributors to black teas' color difference, which were also verified by addition test with standard black tea infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zisheng Han
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Mengting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingchun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
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10
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Su F, Wu Y, Cao Y, Wang S. Differences in the Chromogenic Effect of Corn Starch and Potato Starch on Paprika Red Pigment and Structural Characterisation. Foods 2024; 13:191. [PMID: 38254492 PMCID: PMC10814249 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the chromogenic effect and the interaction between starch-pigment complexes of corn starch (CS) and potato starch (PS) complexed with paprika red pigment. Compared to PS, CS showed 12.5 times higher adsorption capacity for paprika red pigment. Additionally, the a* value of CS-P (26.90 ± 0.23) was significantly higher than that of PS-P (22.45 ± 1.84), resulting in a corn starch-paprika red pigment complex (CS-P) with a more intense red colour. The addition of paprika red pigment significantly decreased the particle size and porosity of CS by 48.14 ± 5.29% and 17.01 ± 3.80%, respectively. Conversely, no significant impact on PS was observed. Additionally, the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy results revealed that the starch molecules and paprika red pigment were bound to each other through strong hydrogen bonds. X-diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the starch-paprika red pigment complexes have a V-shaped structure. Furthermore, the relative crystallinity of the complexes between starch and red pepper pigment showed an increasing trend, however, the relative crystallinity of CS increased significantly by 11.77 ± 0.99-49.21 ± 3.67%. Consequently, the CS-P colouring was good.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shaojia Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), School of Food and Health, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (F.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
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11
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Huang X, Wang F, Hu W, Zou Z, Tang Q, Li H, Xu L. Smart packaging films based on corn starch/polyvinyl alcohol containing nano SIM-1 for monitoring food freshness. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128373. [PMID: 38000590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
There is at present an acute need for the construction of biopolymer-based smart packaging material that can be applied for the real-time visual monitoring of food freshness. Herein, a nano-sized substituted imidazolate material (SIM-1) with ammonia-sensitive and antibacterial ability was effectively manufactured and then anchored within corn starch/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) blend to construct biopolymeric smart active packaging material. The structure, physical and functional performances of CS/PVA-based films with different content of SIM-1 (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt% on CS/PVA basis) were then explored in detail. Results revealed that the incorporated SIM-1 nanocrystals were equally anchored within the CS/PVA matrix owing to the establishment of potent hydrogen-bonding interactions, which produced an obvious improvement in the compatibility of CS/PVA blend film, as well as its mechanical strength, water/oxygen barrier and UV-screening performances. The constructed CS/PVA/SIM-1 blend films further demonstrated superior long-term color stability property, ammonia-sensitive and antibacterial functions. Furthermore, the CS/PVA/SIM-1 blend films were utilized for effectively monitoring the deterioration of shrimp via observable color alteration. The above findings suggested the potential applications of CS/PVA/SIM-1 blend films in smart active packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Wenkai Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Zhiming Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Qun Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Heping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Lin Xu
- Biomaterials R&D Center, Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai 519003, PR China.
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12
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Rahman S, Gogoi J, Dubey S, Chowdhury D. Animal derived biopolymers for food packaging applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128197. [PMID: 37979757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to use environment-friendly, non-toxic, biodegradable and sustainable materials for various applications. Biopolymers are derived from renewable sources like plants, microorganisms, and agricultural wastes. Unlike conventional polymers, biopolymer has a lower carbon footprint and contributes less to greenhouse gas emission. All biopolymers are biodegradable, meaning natural processes can break them down into harmless products such as water and biomass. This property is of utmost importance for various sustainable applications. This review discusses different classifications of biopolymers based on origin, including plant-based, animal-based and micro-organism-based biopolymers. The review also discusses the desirable properties that are required in materials for their use as packaging material. It also discusses the different processes used in modifying the biopolymer to improve its properties. Finally, this review shows the recent developments taking place in using specifically animal origin-based biopolymer and its use in packaging material. It was observed that animal-origin-based biopolymers, although they possess unique properties however, are less explored than plant-origin biopolymers. The animal-origin-based biopolymers covered in this review are chitosan, gelatin, collagen, keratin, casein, whey, hyaluronic acid and silk fibroin. This review will help in renewing research interest in animal-origin biopolymers. In summary, biopolymer offers a sustainable and environment-friendly alternative to conventional polymers. Their versatility, biocompatibility will help create a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazzadur Rahman
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, India; Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, G. B. Nagar, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Jahnabi Gogoi
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, India
| | - Sonali Dubey
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, India
| | - Devasish Chowdhury
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, India; Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, G. B. Nagar, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India.
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13
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Lv H, Wang C, He D, Zhao H, Zhao M, Xu E, Jin Z, Yuan C, Guo L, Wu Z, Liu P, Cui B. Intelligent food tag: A starch-anthocyanin-based pH-sensitive electrospun nanofiber mat for real-time food freshness monitoring. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128384. [PMID: 38029905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A starch-based nanofiber mat was prepared for real-time monitoring of food freshness for the first time. UV-vis results showed that roselle anthocyanins (RS) conferred a wide pH sensing range on the nanofiber mat. The prepared nanofiber mats demonstrated good color visibility (total color difference value (ΔE) increased to 56.4 ± 0.7) and a reversible response (within 120 s). Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results suggested that the nanofibers had smooth surfaces without beaded fibers and that RS was well embedded into the nanofibers. The introduction of RS improved the thermal stability of the nanofibers. Color stability tests revealed that the nanofibers exhibited excellent color stability (maximum change ΔE = 1.57 ± 0.03) after 14 days of storage. Pork and shrimp freshness tests verified that the nanofibers could effectively reflect the dynamic freshness of pork and shrimp. Nontoxic, degradable and responsive characteristics make the pH-sensitive nanofiber mat a smart food label with great application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Deyun He
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Enbo Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhengzong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Pengfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
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14
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Nastasi JR, Fitzgerald MA, Kontogiorgos V. Tuning the mechanical properties of pectin films with polyphenol-rich plant extracts. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127536. [PMID: 37863131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of pectin films enhanced with polyphenol-rich fruit extracts were investigated. The scavenging and reducing activity of plant extracts incorporated into the pectin films were determined using bench assays, and their antioxidant activity was correlated with a high presence of polyphenols, which were predominantly comprised of flavonoids and anthocyanins. The pectin films generated from the extracts exhibited a range of mechanical properties; tensile strength (4.99 MPa - 6.91 MPa), elongation at break (45.8 % - 52.3 %), and stiffness (1835 g mm-1 - 2765 g mm-1). To investigate the underlying relationships between plant extract composition and mechanical properties, Projection to Latent Structures (PLS) models were developed. The PLS models revealed that extracts containing high sugar and polyphenol content increase the tensile strength and moisture content of films. The elongation at break of the films was improved or diminished depending on the profile of sugar, acids, and polyphenols in the fruit extracts. Furthermore, the structures and concentration of anthocyanins and flavonoids were identified to strongly influenced the elongation at break differences. By modifying the concentration of sugars, organic acids, and polyphenols, the mechanical properties of pectin-based films can be tuned for tailored applications as food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Robert Nastasi
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Melissa A Fitzgerald
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vassilis Kontogiorgos
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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Shahid-Ul-Islam, Jaiswal V, Butola BS, Majumdar A. Production of PVA-chitosan films using green synthesized ZnO NPs enriched with dragon fruit extract envisaging food packaging applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126457. [PMID: 37611684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the PVA-chitosan composite packaging films doped with biomass-fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and dragon fruit waste extract (DFE) were developed for potential use in food packaging applications. ZnO NPs were synthesized using a sustainable method employing C. sinensis waste extract as a reducing agent. Chitosan and PVA were blended in a specific ratio (1: 1 w/w) to obtain a film-forming solution, into which the ZnO NPs and dragon fruit waste extract were incorporated. The resulting solution was cast into films, which were characterized using various analytical techniques. Mechanical properties, water solubility, and thermal stability of the films were also evaluated. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of green ZnO NPs and dragon fruit waste extract enhanced the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the films while reducing water vapor permeability. Moreover, the films exhibited biocidal and excellent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging properties, indicating their use in the food packaging sector. The production of these films offers a practical approach to produce bioactive food packaging materials. The use of plant extract and waste material as reducing agents can reduce the overall cost of production while providing added benefits, such as antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid-Ul-Islam
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vivek Jaiswal
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - B S Butola
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Abhijit Majumdar
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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16
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R G, M PE, A RK, S S, Krishna KR. Natural colour extraction from horticultural crops, advancements, and applications-a review. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37977854 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2280796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The scope for natural colours is increasing because of the awareness of allergic, toxic, and hazardous reactions associated with synthetic dyes. Natural colours are extracted from sources that are naturally available, such as flora, fauna, and minerals. Nature sourced us multiple possibilities of colours with varied shades and hues that are subtle and harmonious when combined. Reasons like the instability of natural colours during industrial processing, seasonal availability of raw materials, fading of colour over time, cost of the benefit, and struggles in attaining sustainability have reduced commercialisation success as synthetic colours. Some plants that yield natural colours are also included in crop rotation practice. Natural dye extraction is a source of employment for the countrified subdivisions of poor developing countries. Indigenous technologies on natural colour extraction are available and have been practiced over the years; due to a lack of documentation and information on colour-yielding plants or products from horticultural crops, and their extraction methods, the use of natural colours is diminishing day by day. Even in recent years, emerging techniques have been adopted in research and development, and the information has not been brought together for the use of industries and allied sectors. Several modern approaches, such as Ultrasonication, microwave, enzymatic, supercritical, pressurised liquid extraction, etc., have proven to give better results in extracting natural colours. Thereby, having instantaneous information will help to go green, be eco-friendly, and effectively utilise all the resources without compromising industrial benefits. Reviewing the availability of natural colours from horticultural crops, classifications, recent trends in their extraction process, and applications in various fields will help achieve the above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokiladevi R
- Department of Horticulture, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - P Ellampirai M
- Department of Horticulture, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar A
- Department of Horticulture, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Srivignesh S
- Department of Horticulture, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - K Rama Krishna
- Department of Horticulture, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
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17
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Chen Q, Zhang P, You N, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Luan P, Lin B, Wang Z, Zhang L. Preparation and characterization of corn starch-based antimicrobial indicator films containing purple corncob anthocyanin and tangerine peel essential oil for monitoring pork freshness. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126320. [PMID: 37579905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel antibacterial indicator film was prepared by mixing corn starch with tangerine peel essential oil (TEO) Pickering emulsion emulsified by ultrasonic and esterified modified starch (UDSt), and then incorporated with purple corncob anthocyanin (PCA), which was used to monitor the freshness of pork. The results showed that the UDSt can effectively stabilize the TEO emulsion. PCA showed obvious color changes at different pH. With the increase of pH, the color of film changed from red to yellow, and its response to volatile ammonia changed from pink to cyan, showing better response ability. The loading of TEO conferred the film excellent bacteriostatic ability against E. coli and S. aureus. The film also had good ability of light blocking and free radical scavenging. In the process of pork deterioration, the antibacterial indicator film changed from pink to yellow, which was closely related to pork quality and had a good linear indicator correlation. The addition of TEO reduced the release of PCA in the antibacterial indicator film and helped to maintain the functional properties of the film. This type of antibacterial indicator film had considerable application potential in indicating food freshness.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiJie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province 410114, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Na You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - YiNing Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - YaZeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - PengCheng Luan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - BenPing Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhengMin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province 410114, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan Province 410114, People's Republic of China
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18
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Guilherme Sebastião V, Batista D, Rebellato AP, Alves Macedo J, Steel CJ. Sustainable production of naturally colored extruded breakfast cereals from blends of broken rice and vegetable flours. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113078. [PMID: 37689858 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for practical and healthy food products. Obtaining naturally colored breakfast cereals with the incorporation of functional ingredients is a promising alternative for consumers that are looking for healthiness. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using vegetable flours, rich in pigments, to obtain naturally colored breakfast cereals through thermoplastic extrusion. Vegetables considered "unsuitable for the retail market", classified as "type B", were used to prepare different flours from carrot (CF), spinach (SF) and beetroot (BF). Extrudates were produced from a mixture of 90% broken rice (BR) and 10% vegetable flour (CF, SF or BF). Besides giving the extrudates a natural color, the use of vegetable flours also provided nutritional and functional enrichment due to increased mineral, protein, lipid, fiber and phenolic compound contents, and greater antioxidant capacity. However, some of these components, such as fibers, affect extrudate physical structure and technological characteristics, evidenced by reduced expansion, hardness, paste viscosity and greater interaction with water present in milk under consumption conditions. In general, the evaluated flours proved to be an alternative for imparting a natural color to extruded breakfast cereals, in addition to positively contributing to their nutritional and functional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Guilherme Sebastião
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Batista
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Rebellato
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves Macedo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Joy Steel
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Wu Y, Yu X, Ding W, Remón J, Xin M, Sun T, Wang TTY, Yu LL, Wang J. Fabrication, performance, and potential environmental impacts of polysaccharide-based food packaging materials incorporated with phytochemicals: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125922. [PMID: 37482166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Although food packaging preserves food's quality, it unfortunately contributes to global climate change since the considerable carbon emissions associated with its entire life cycle. Polysaccharide-based packaging materials (PPMs) are promising options to preserve foods, potentially helping the food industry reduce its carbon footprint. PPMs incorporated with phytochemicals hold promise to address this critical issue, keep food fresh and prolong the shelf life. However, phytochemicals' health benefits are impacted by their distinct chemical structures thus the phytochemicals-incorporated PPMs generally exhibit differential performances. PPMs must be thoughtfully formulated to possess adequate physicochemical properties to meet commercial standards. Given this, this review first-time provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in the fabrication of phytochemicals incorporated PPMs. The application performances of phytochemicals-incorporated PPMs for preserving foods, as well as the intelligent monitoring of food quality, are thoroughly introduced. The possible associated environmental impacts and scalability challenges for the commercial application of these PPMs are also methodically assessed. This review seeks to provide comprehensive insights into exploring new avenues to achieve a greener and safer food industry via innovative food packaging materials. This is paramount to preserve not only food shelf life but also the environment, facilitating the eco-friendly development of the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Wu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, PR China
| | - Xueling Yu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei Ding
- China Leather and Footwear Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing, PR China.
| | - Javier Remón
- Thermochemical Processes Group, Aragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50.018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mengmeng Xin
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, PR China
| | - Tianjun Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, the Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, PR China.
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20
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Xu Z, Cheng Z, Tang Q, Huang K, Li H, Zou Z. Ammonia-sensitive cellulose acetate-based films incorporated with Co-BIT microcrystals for smart packaging application. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:121045. [PMID: 37321738 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for smart packaging materials capable of effectively monitoring the food freshness. In this study, new Co-based MOF (Co-BIT) microcrystals with ammonia-sensitivity and antibacterial function were constructed and then loaded within cellulose acetate (CA) matrix to create smart active packaging materials. The influences of Co-BIT loading upon structure, physical, and functional properties of the CA films were then thoroughly explored. It was observed that microcrystalline Co-BIT was uniformly integrated inside CA matrix, which caused significant promotions in mechanical strength (from 24.12 to 39.76 MPa), water barrier (from 9.32 × 10-6 to 2.73 × 10-6 g/m·h·Pa) and ultraviolet light protection performances of CA film. Additionally, the created CA/Co-BIT films displayed striking antibacterial efficacy (>95.0 % for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), favorable ammonia-sensitivity function as well as color stability. Finally, the CA/Co-BIT films were successfully applied for indicating the spoilage of shrimp through discernible color changes. These findings suggest that Co-BIT loaded CA composite films have great potential for use as smart active packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshu Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ze Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qun Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Kangqi Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Heping Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhiming Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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21
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Otálora MC, Wilches-Torres A, Gómez Castaño JA. Microencapsulation of Betaxanthin Pigments from Pitahaya ( Hylocereus megalanthus) By-Products: Characterization, Food Application, Stability, and In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion. Foods 2023; 12:2700. [PMID: 37509792 PMCID: PMC10379290 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The yellow pitahaya peels generated as by-products during the consumption and processing of the fresh fruit are a rich and underutilized source of betaxanthins (natural yellow-orange pigment with antioxidant activity) and mucilage (structuring material used in the spray-drying process), molecules of high interest for the food industry. In this work, the betaxanthin-rich extract (BRE) obtained from this by-product was microencapsulated by spray drying (SD) using pitahaya peel mucilage (MPP) and maltodextrin (MD) as wall materials. Both types of microencapsulates (i.e., SD-MPP and SD-MD) retained high betaxanthin content (as measured by UV-vis) and antioxidant activity (ORAC). These microencapsulates were characterized structurally (FTIR and zeta potential), morphologically (SEM and particle size/polydispersity index), and thermally (DSC/TGA). The powdered microencapsulates were incorporated into the formulation of candy gummies as a food model, which were subjected to an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion process. The characterization study (FTIR and antioxidant activity) of the microcapsules showed that the fruit peel mucilage favors the retention of betaxanthins, while the SEM analysis revealed a particle size of multimodal distribution and heterogeneous morphology. The addition of SD-MPP microcapsules in the candy gummy formulation favored the total dietary fiber content as well as the gumminess and chewiness of the food matrix; however, the inhibition of AAPH• (%) was affected. The stability of the yellow color in the gummies after 30 days of storage indicates its suitability for storage. Consequently, the microencapsulation of betaxanthins with pitahaya peel mucilage can be used as a food additive colorant in the food industry, replacing synthetic colorants, to develop products with beneficial qualities for health that can satisfy the growing demand of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carolina Otálora
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas (NÚCLEO), Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja 150003, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - Andrea Wilches-Torres
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas (NÚCLEO), Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja 150003, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - Jovanny A Gómez Castaño
- Grupo Química-Física Molecular y Modelamiento Computacional (QUIMOL®), Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Sede Tunja 150003, Boyacá, Colombia
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22
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Barciela P, Perez-Vazquez A, Prieto MA. Azo dyes in the food industry: Features, classification, toxicity, alternatives, and regulation. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113935. [PMID: 37429408 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes, including Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow, and Carmoisine, are added to foods to provide color, but they have no value with regard to nutrition, food preservation, or health benefits. Because of their availability, affordability, stability, and low cost, and because they provide intense coloration to the product without contributing unwanted flavors, the food industry often prefers to use synthetic azo dyes rather than natural colorants. Food dyes have been tested by regulatory agencies responsible for guaranteeing consumer safety. Nevertheless, the safety of these colorants remains controversial; they have been associated with adverse effects, particularly due to the reduction and cleavage of the azo bond. Here, we review the features, classification, regulation, toxicity, and alternatives to the use of azo dyes in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barciela
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - A Perez-Vazquez
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - M A Prieto
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E32004, Ourense, Spain.
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23
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Gao Q, Chen J, Zhou G, Xu X. Different protein-anthocyanin complexes engineered by ultrasound and alkali treatment: Structural characterization and color stability. Food Chem 2023; 427:136693. [PMID: 37390735 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Through alkali treatment (AT) and ultrasound (UT)-assisted processing producing covalent protein-anthocyanin complexes, we investigated the impact of treatment methods and protein types on conjugation efficiency, protein structure, and color stability. Our findings revealed the effective grafting of anthocyanins (ACNs) onto proteins, with myofibrillar protein (MP) exhibiting the highest conjugation efficiency of 88.33% after UT (p <.05). UT accelerated the structure unfolding of distinct protein samples, leading to the exposure of sulfhydryl, and hydrophobic groups in proteins, and enhanced the oxidation stability of ACNs. Notably, the modified ACNs maintained a favorable pH-color relationship, while U-MP showed a significantly higher absorbance (0.4998) than the other groups (p <.05) at pH 9.0, demonstrating an outstanding color improvement. UT-assisted processing also accelerated the NH3 reaction. Thus, the combination of UT and MP holds the potential for pH-color-responsive intelligent packaging and increases the efficiency of UT processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianni Gao
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Lab of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Lab of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Lab of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Lab of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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24
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Afroz Toma M, Rahman MH, Rahman MS, Arif M, Nazir KHMNH, Dufossé L. Fungal Pigments: Carotenoids, Riboflavin, and Polyketides with Diverse Applications. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040454. [PMID: 37108908 PMCID: PMC10141606 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural pigments and colorants have seen a substantial increase in use over the last few decades due to their eco-friendly and safe properties. Currently, customer preferences for more natural products are driving the substitution of natural pigments for synthetic colorants. Filamentous fungi, particularly ascomycetous fungi (Monascus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus), have been shown to produce secondary metabolites containing a wide variety of pigments, including β-carotene, melanins, azaphilones, quinones, flavins, ankaflavin, monascin, anthraquinone, and naphthoquinone. These pigments produce a variety of colors and tints, including yellow, orange, red, green, purple, brown, and blue. Additionally, these pigments have a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including immunomodulatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities. This review provides an in-depth overview of fungi gathered from diverse sources and lists several probable fungi capable of producing a variety of color hues. The second section discusses how to classify coloring compounds according to their chemical structure, characteristics, biosynthetic processes, application, and present state. Once again, we investigate the possibility of employing fungal polyketide pigments as food coloring, as well as the toxicity and carcinogenicity of particular pigments. This review explores how advanced technologies such as metabolic engineering and nanotechnology can be employed to overcome obstacles associated with the manufacture of mycotoxin-free, food-grade fungal pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Afroz Toma
- Department of Food Technology & Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasibur Rahman
- Department of Food Technology & Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saydar Rahman
- Department of Food Technology & Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Arif
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | | | - Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biotechnologie des Produits Naturals, CHEMBIOPRO EA 2212, Université de La Réunion, ESIROI Agroalimentaire, 97744 Saint-Denis, France
- Laboratoire ANTiOX, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Campus de Créac'h Gwen, 29000 Quimper, France
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25
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Versino F, Ortega F, Monroy Y, Rivero S, López OV, García MA. Sustainable and Bio-Based Food Packaging: A Review on Past and Current Design Innovations. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051057. [PMID: 36900574 PMCID: PMC10000825 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Food loss and waste occur for many reasons, from crop processing to household leftovers. Even though some waste generation is unavoidable, a considerable amount is due to supply chain inefficiencies and damage during transport and handling. Packaging design and materials innovations represent real opportunities to reduce food waste within the supply chain. Besides, changes in people's lifestyles have increased the demand for high-quality, fresh, minimally processed, and ready-to-eat food products with extended shelf-life, that need to meet strict and constantly renewed food safety regulations. In this regard, accurate monitoring of food quality and spoilage is necessary to diminish both health hazards and food waste. Thus, this work provides an overview of the most recent advances in the investigation and development of food packaging materials and design with the aim to improve food chain sustainability. Enhanced barrier and surface properties as well as active materials for food conservation are reviewed. Likewise, the function, importance, current availability, and future trends of intelligent and smart packaging systems are presented, especially considering biobased sensor development by 3D printing technology. In addition, driving factors affecting fully biobased packaging design and materials development and production are discussed, considering byproducts and waste minimization and revalorization, recyclability, biodegradability, and other possible ends-of-life and their impact on product/package system sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Versino
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA, 47 y 116, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Correspondence:
| | - Florencia Ortega
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA, 47 y 116, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Yuliana Monroy
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA, 47 y 116, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Sandra Rivero
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA, 47 y 116, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Olivia Valeria López
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga km.7, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra García
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA, 47 y 116, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
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26
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Roy S, Zhang W, Biswas D, Ramakrishnan R, Rhim JW. Grapefruit Seed Extract-Added Functional Films and Coating for Active Packaging Applications: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020730. [PMID: 36677788 PMCID: PMC9865371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, consumers have been increasingly inclined towards natural antimicrobials and antioxidants in food processing and packaging. Several bioactive compounds have originated from natural sources, and among them, grapefruit seed extract (GSE) is widely accepted and generally safe to use in food. GSE is a very commonly used antimicrobial in food; lately, it has also been found very effective as a coating material or in edible packaging films. A lot of recent work reports the use of GSE in food packaging applications to ensure food quality and safety; therefore, this work intended to provide an up-to-date review of GSE-based packaging. This review discusses GSE, its extraction methods, and their use in manufacturing food packaging film/coatings. Various physical and functional properties of GSE-added film were also discussed. This review also provides the food preservation application of GSE-incorporated film and coating. Lastly, the opportunities, challenges, and perspectives in the GSE-added packaging film/coating are also debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Roy
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (J.-W.R.)
| | - Wanli Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Deblina Biswas
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Rejish Ramakrishnan
- Department of Printing Technology, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Jong-Whan Rhim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-Ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (J.-W.R.)
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