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Hou YJ, Wang PW, Zhang H, Fan YY, Cao X, Luo YQ, Li Q, Njolibimi M, Li WJ, Hong B, Zhao CJ. A high-permeability method for extracting purple yam saponins based on ultrasonic-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent. Food Chem 2024; 457:140046. [PMID: 38901342 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The extraction of active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine has received considerable attentions. In this study, 16 kinds of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) with ultrasonic were selected to extract saponins from purple yam root and the extraction mechanism was investigated. The results showed that chloride/acrylic acid (1:2; n/n) had the highest extraction yield for saponins. The optimal extraction process parameters were 24% water content, 20 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, and ultrasonic extraction for 85 min (81 °C, 600 W). The extraction rate (ER) of purple yam saponins was 0.935%, close to the fitted result of 96.5 mg/g. Molecular dynamics simulations and FT-IR results showed that the NADES may extract the saponin constituents from purple yam through hydrogen bonding. Compared with traditional extraction methods and molecularly imprinted polymer methods, NADES has a higher ER and lower cost (1.53 $/g), which provides a reference for subsequent industrial quantitative production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiao Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161003, China
| | - Peng-Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy the First Aiffiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University,Weihui 453100, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161003, China
| | - Ying-Ying Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161003, China
| | - Xu Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161003, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161003, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161003, China
| | | | - Wen-Jing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161003, China..
| | - Bo Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161003, China..
| | - Chun-Jie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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2
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Wei Z, Zhang W, Du M, Zhong H, Fang X. Widely targeted metabolomic and KEGG analyses of natural deep eutectic solvent-based saponins extraction from Camellia oleifera Abel.: Effects on composition. Food Chem 2024; 450:139333. [PMID: 38636384 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Camellia saponins are important by-products of Camellia Oleifer Abel. processing. In this study, an eco-friendly method based on natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs, proline and glycerol at a molar ratio of 2:5) was established to extract saponins from C.oleifera cakes. The content of saponin (702.22 ± 1.28 mg/g) obtained using NaDES was higher than those extracted using water or methanol. UPLC-Q-TOF MS analysis of chemical structure showed that the difference in the extraction technique alter individual saponins. A widely targeted metabolomic approach and KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that the upregulated metabolites in the NaDES-based extract mainly included flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acids; and they were involved in arginine and proline metabolism, metabolic pathways, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and flavonoid biosynthesis. The present study proposes a selective substitute for use in the extraction of camellia saponins with composition analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqian Wei
- The Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 73(#), Daqiao Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 311400, China
| | - Weiyan Zhang
- The Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 73(#), Daqiao Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 311400, China; Food Science and Technology College, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410004, China
| | - Menghao Du
- The Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 73(#), Daqiao Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 311400, China
| | - Haiyan Zhong
- Food Science and Technology College, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410004, China
| | - Xuezhi Fang
- The Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 73(#), Daqiao Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 311400, China.
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3
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Guo J, Zhao N, Zhao Y, Jin H, Sun G, Yu J, Zhang H, Shao J, Yu M, Yang D, Liang Z. The Extraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Evaluation of Tea Saponin. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:438. [PMID: 38927318 PMCID: PMC11201205 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Tea saponins have high surface-active and biological activities and are widely used in chemicals, food, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Tea saponins are usually extracted using ethanol or water, but both methods have their disadvantages, including a negative impact on the environment, high energy consumption, and low purity. In this study, we explored an effective process for extracting tea saponins from tea meal using deep eutectic solvents combined with ultrasonic extraction and enzymatic techniques. The experimental results showed that a high extraction efficiency of 20.93 ± 0.48% could be achieved in 20 min using an ultrasonic power of 40% and a binary DES consisting of betaine and ethylene glycol (with a molar ratio of 1:3) at a material-liquid ratio of 1:35 and that the purity of the tea saponins after purification by a large-pore adsorption resin reached 95.94%, which was higher than that of commercially available standard tea saponin samples. In addition, the extracted tea saponins were evaluated for their antioxidant and bacteriostatic activities using chemical and biological methods; the results showed that the tea saponins extracted using these methods possessed antioxidant properties and displayed significant antibacterial activity. Therefore, the present study developed a method for using deep eutectic solvents as an environmentally friendly technological solution for obtaining high-purity tea saponins from tea meal oil. This is expected to replace the current organic solvent and water extraction process and has great potential for industrial development and a number of possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Guo
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Nanshan Zhao
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yaxin Zhao
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hao Jin
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guozhi Sun
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianzhong Shao
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Meilan Yu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312030, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312030, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312030, China
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Yang G, Qi Z, Shan S, Xie D, Tan X. Advances in Separation, Biological Properties, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Triterpenoids Derived from Camellia oleifera Abel. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4574-4586. [PMID: 38385335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on Camellia oleifera Abel., a cultivar predominantly distributed in China, to investigate its phytochemical composition, owning to its potential as an edible oil crop. Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, as essential active constituents, play a significant role in contributing to the pharmacological effects of this cultivar. The saponins derived from C. oleifera (CoS) offer a diverse array of bioactivity benefits, including antineoplastic/bactericidal/inflammatory properties, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, as well as hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the isolation and pharmacological properties of CoS. Specially, we attempt to reveal the antitumor structure-activity relationship (SAR) of CoS-derived triterpenoids. The active substitution sites of CoS, namely, C-3, C-15, C-16, C-21, C-22, C-23, and C-28 pentacyclic triterpenoids, make it a unique and highly valuable substance with significant medicinal and culinary applications. As such, CoS can play a critical role in transforming people's lives, providing unique medicinal benefits, and contributing to the advancement of both medicine and cuisine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guliang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Processing, Food Science and Engineering College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry; Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijie Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Processing, Food Science and Engineering College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Xie
- Loudi City Farmer Quality Education Center, Loudi, Hunan 417000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cultivation and Utilization for Non-Wood Forest Tree, Academy of Camellia Oil Tree, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, People's Republic of China
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5
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Wen H, Dan P, Liu T, Li Z, Chen X, Cao Y, Li Y, Yan W. Allelopathic Mechanisms in Camellia oleifera- Arachis hypogaea L. Intercropping. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19434-19444. [PMID: 38014643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Tree-crop intercropping is of great significance in food security, land protection, and sustainable agriculture. However, the mechanisms of allelopathy between plant species during intercropping are still limited. This study focuses on the allelopathic effects in the intercropping between Camellia oleifera and Arachis hypogaea L. in southern China. We use different parts of the C. oleifera extract to evaluate their impact on peanut seed germination. The results showed that it has inhibitory effects on peanut germination and growth, with the fruit shell having the strongest inhibitory effect. Three main allelopathic substances affecting A. hypogaea germination and growth were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, namely, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, hexanal, and benzaldehyde. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses revealed their effects on glutathione metabolism pathways and specific gene expression. In summary, this study reveals the allelopathic interaction mechanism between C. oleifera and A. hypogaea, which helps to better understand the role of allelopathy in intercropping practices between trees and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wen
- Life and Science Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Information, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Peipei Dan
- Life and Science Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Life and Science Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Ziqian Li
- Life and Science Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- College of Arts and Sciences, Governors State University, University Park, Illinois 60484, United States
| | - Yini Cao
- Life and Science Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- Laboratory of Urban Forest Ecology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Yong Li
- Life and Science Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- Laboratory of Urban Forest Ecology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Wende Yan
- Life and Science Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- Laboratory of Urban Forest Ecology of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
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Zhang H, Li X, Kang M, Li Z, Wang X, Jing X, Han J. Sustainable ultrasound-assisted extraction of Polygonatum sibiricum saponins using ionic strength-responsive natural deep eutectic solvents. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 100:106640. [PMID: 37816271 PMCID: PMC10568126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable extraction of saponins was investigated using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction. A novel NADES (butyric acid-urea) that was responsive to ionic strength was designed and used as the extractant. Ultrasound treatment and a catalyst ferric chloride with plant cell wall breaking function were applied to improve the extraction efficiency.Since the solubility of the NADES varied significantly with ionic strength, 95% of NADES was readily separated from the water phase after the addition of sodium chloride, while saponins remained in the water phase for easy collection. The reuse capacity of NADES, the eco-friendliness of the extraction method, and the antioxidant activity of the extract were further evaluated.NADES was continuously recovered and used to extract Polygonatum sibiricum powder: the yield of saponins did not decrease after five cycles of recovery and re-extraction. The penalty point on the "Eco-scale" suggested that the extraction method was "green" (i.e. eco-friendly).Compared with ethanol extracts, the NADES extracts showed a higher saponin concentration and antioxidant activity.The study can contribute to the sustainable and green extraction of hydrophilic active substances in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Miao Kang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Zhanrong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Jiajun Han
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhang X, Li C, Hu W, Abdel-Samie MA, Cui H, Lin L. An overview of tea saponin as a surfactant in food applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37737159 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2258392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The residue of Camellia seeds after oil extraction contains many bioactive ingredients, including tea saponin. Tea saponin has many pharmacological effects and is an excellent nonionic surfactant. The development of natural surfactants has become a hot topic in food research. This review gathers the applications of tea saponin as a surfactant in food. It focuses on the application of tea saponin in emulsions, delivery systems, extraction and fermentation, as well as the challenges and development prospects in food applications. Tea saponin shows great potential as a surfactant in food applications, which can replace some synthetic surfactants. The full utilization of tea saponin improves the comprehensive utilization value of Camellia seed residue, contributes to the sustainable development of Camellia industry and avoids resource waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Mohamed A Abdel-Samie
- Department of Food and Dairy Sciences and technology, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Haiying Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
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