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Lagarde J, Feurer C, Denis M, Douarre PE, Piveteau P, Roussel S. Listeria monocytogenes prevalence and genomic diversity along the pig and pork production chain. Food Microbiol 2024; 119:104430. [PMID: 38225039 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe invasive illness. This ubiquitous species is widely distributed in the environment, but infection occurs almost exclusively through ingestion of contaminated food. The pork production sector has been heavily affected by a series of L. monocytogenes-related foodborne outbreaks in the past around the world. Ready-to-eat (RTE) pork products represent one of the main food sources for strong-evidence listeriosis outbreaks. This pathogen is known to be present throughout the entire pig and pork production chain. Some studies hypothesized that the main source of contamination in final pork products was either living pigs or the food-processing environment. A detailed genomic picture of L. monocytogenes can provide a renewed understanding of the routes of contamination from pig farms to the final products. This review provides an overview of the prevalence, the genomic diversity and the genetic background linked to virulence of L. monocytogenes along the entire pig and pork production chain, from farm to fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lagarde
- ANSES, Salmonella and Listeria Unit (USEL), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France; INRAE, Unit of Process Optimisation in Food, Agriculture and the Environment (UR OPAALE), 17 avenue de Cucillé, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Carole Feurer
- IFIP, The French Pig and Pork Institute, Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, La Motte au Vicomte, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Martine Denis
- ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (UHQPAP), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, 31 rue des fusillés, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Douarre
- ANSES, Salmonella and Listeria Unit (USEL), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pascal Piveteau
- INRAE, Unit of Process Optimisation in Food, Agriculture and the Environment (UR OPAALE), 17 avenue de Cucillé, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Roussel
- ANSES, Salmonella and Listeria Unit (USEL), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Nonno R, Peixe L, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Fox E, Gosling R(B, Gil BM, Møretrø T, Stessl B, da Silva Felício MT, Messens W, Simon AC, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A. Persistence of microbiological hazards in food and feed production and processing environments. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8521. [PMID: 38250499 PMCID: PMC10797485 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (in the meat, fish and seafood, dairy and fruit and vegetable sectors), Salmonella enterica (in the feed, meat, egg and low moisture food sectors) and Cronobacter sakazakii (in the low moisture food sector) were identified as the bacterial food safety hazards most relevant to public health that are associated with persistence in the food and feed processing environment (FFPE). There is a wide range of subtypes of these hazards involved in persistence in the FFPE. While some specific subtypes are more commonly reported as persistent, it is currently not possible to identify universal markers (i.e. genetic determinants) for this trait. Common risk factors for persistence in the FFPE are inadequate zoning and hygiene barriers; lack of hygienic design of equipment and machines; and inadequate cleaning and disinfection. A well-designed environmental sampling and testing programme is the most effective strategy to identify contamination sources and detect potentially persistent hazards. The establishment of hygienic barriers and measures within the food safety management system, during implementation of hazard analysis and critical control points, is key to prevent and/or control bacterial persistence in the FFPE. Once persistence is suspected in a plant, a 'seek-and-destroy' approach is frequently recommended, including intensified monitoring, the introduction of control measures and the continuation of the intensified monitoring. Successful actions triggered by persistence of L. monocytogenes are described, as well as interventions with direct bactericidal activity. These interventions could be efficient if properly validated, correctly applied and verified under industrial conditions. Perspectives are provided for performing a risk assessment for relevant combinations of hazard and food sector to assess the relative public health risk that can be associated with persistence, based on bottom-up and top-down approaches. Knowledge gaps related to bacterial food safety hazards associated with persistence in the FFPE and priorities for future research are provided.
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Belias A, Sullivan G, Wiedmann M, Ivanek R. Factors that contribute to persistent Listeria in food processing facilities and relevant interventions: A rapid review. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Prevalence of Listeria Species on Food Contact Surfaces in Washington State Apple Packinghouses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02932-20. [PMID: 33608295 PMCID: PMC8091025 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02932-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2014 caramel apple listeriosis outbreak was traced back to cross-contamination between food contact surfaces (FCS) of equipment used for packing and fresh apples. For Washington state, the leading apple producer in the United States with 79% of its total production directed to the fresh market, managing the risk of apple contamination with Listeria monocytogenes within the packing environment is crucial. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Listeria spp. on FCS in Washington state apple packinghouses over two packing seasons and to identify those FCS types with the greatest likelihood to harbor Listeria spp. Five commercial apple packinghouses were visited quarterly over two consecutive year-long packing seasons. A range of 27 to 50 FCS were swabbed at each facility to detect Listeria spp. at two sample times, (i) postsanitation and (ii) in-process (3 h of packinghouse operation), following a modified protocol of the FDA's Bacteriological Analytical Manual method. Among 2,988 samples tested, 4.6% (n = 136) were positive for Listeria spp. Wax coating was the unit operation from which Listeria spp. were most frequently isolated. The FCS that showed the greatest prevalence of Listeria spp. were polishing brushes, stainless steel dividers and brushes under fans/blowers, and dryer rollers. The prevalence of Listeria spp. on FCS increased throughout apple storage time. The results of this study will aid apple packers in controlling for contamination and harborage of L. monocytogenes and improving cleaning and practices for sanitation of the FCS on which Listeria spp. are the most prevalent.IMPORTANCE Since 2014, fresh apples have been linked to outbreaks and recalls associated with postharvest cross-contamination with the foodborne pathogen L. monocytogenes These situations drive both public health burden and economic loss and underscore the need for continued scrutiny of packinghouse management to eliminate potential Listeria niches. This research assesses the prevalence of Listeria spp. on FCS in apple packinghouses and identifies those FCS most likely to harbor Listeria spp. Such findings are essential for the apple-packing industry striving to further understand and exhaustively mitigate the risk of contamination with L. monocytogenes to prevent future listeriosis outbreaks and recalls.
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Strain Variability of Listeria monocytogenes under NaCl Stress Elucidated by a High-Throughput Microbial Growth Data Assembly and Analysis Protocol. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02378-19. [PMID: 31900307 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02378-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes causes the severe foodborne illness listeriosis and survives in food-associated environments due to its high stress tolerance. A data assembly and analysis protocol for microbial growth experiments was compiled to elucidate the strain variability of L. monocytogenes stress tolerance. The protocol includes measurement of growth ability under stress (step 1), selection of a suitable method for growth parameter calculation (step 2), comparison of growth patterns between strains (step 3), and biological interpretation of the discovered differences (step 4). In step 1, L. monocytogenes strains (n = 388) of various serovars and origins grown on media with 9.0% NaCl were measured using a Bioscreen C microbiology reader. Technical variability of the growth measurements was assessed and eliminated. In step 2, the growth parameters determined by Gompertz, modified-Gompertz, logistic, and Richards models and model-free splines were compared, illustrating differences in the suitability of these methods to describe the experimental data. In step 3, hierarchical clustering was used to describe the NaCl tolerance of L. monocytogenes measured by strain-specific variation in growth ability; tolerant strains had higher growth rates and maximum optical densities and shorter lag phases than susceptible strains. The spline parameter area under the curve best classified "poor," "average," and "good" growers. In step 4, the tested L. monocytogenes lineage I strains (serovars 4b and 1/2b) proved to be significantly more tolerant toward 9.0% NaCl than lineage II strains (serovars 1/2a, 1/2c, and 3a). Our protocol provides systematic tools to gain comparable data for investigating strain-specific variation of bacterial growth under stress.IMPORTANCE The pathogen Listeria monocytogenes causes the foodborne disease listeriosis, which can be fatal in immunocompromised individuals. L. monocytogenes tolerates several environmental stressors and can persist in food-processing environments and grow in foodstuffs despite traditional control measures such as high salt content. Nonetheless, L. monocytogenes strains differ in their ability to withstand stressors. Elucidating the intraspecies strain variability of L. monocytogenes stress tolerance is crucial for the identification of particularly tolerant strains. To enhance reliable identification of variability in bacterial stress tolerance phenotypes, we compiled a large-scale protocol for the entire data assembly and analysis of microbial growth experiments, providing a systematic approach and checklist for experiments on strain-specific growth ability. Our study illustrated the diversity and strain-specific variation of L. monocytogenes stress tolerance with an unprecedented scope and discovered biologically relevant serovar- and lineage-dependent phenotypes of NaCl tolerance.
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Aalto-Araneda M, Lundén J, Markkula A, Hakola S, Korkeala H. Processing plant and machinery sanitation and hygiene practices associate with Listeria monocytogenes occurrence in ready-to-eat fish products. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:455-464. [PMID: 31027805 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes causes the foodborne illness listeriosis, which exhibits high fatality among people in risk groups. The incidence of listeriosis has increased in Europe, which raises concerns about L. monocytogenes occurrence in foodstuffs. Ready-to-eat seafood products are considered particularly risky vehicles. Poor hygiene at processing facilities predisposes them to L. monocytogenes contamination, which can be controlled by stringent self-checking system measures. We examined the association of fish-processing plant operational and hygiene practices with the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in vacuum-packaged gravad (cold-salted) and cold-smoked salmon and rainbow trout products. Product sampling of 21 fish-processing plants was carried out, and operational procedures relating to L. monocytogenes control were surveyed using an in-depth risk assessment questionnaire. L. monocytogenes occurred only in sliced and mainly in gravad products of seven fish-processing plants. Shortages in preventive measures were discovered predominantly among the L. monocytogenes positive fish-processing plants. Using generalized linear modeling, we identified the following features associated with L. monocytogenes product contamination: the number of processing machines, deficiencies in the processing environment and machinery sanitation, and staff movement from areas of low toward high hygiene. Furthermore, performing frequent periodic thorough sanitation alongside everyday sanitation practices associated with a decreased risk of product contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Aalto-Araneda
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Janne Lundén
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka Markkula
- Microbiological Food Safety Unit, Food Safety Department, Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Hakola
- Microbiology Research Unit, Research and Laboratory Services Department, Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Aalto-Araneda M, Korkeala H, Lundén J. Strengthening the efficacy of official food control improves Listeria monocytogenes prevention in fish-processing plants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13105. [PMID: 30166603 PMCID: PMC6117308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuum-packaged cold-salted and cold-smoked fish products are considered typical vehicles for Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of the food-borne disease listeriosis, which is increasingly prevalent in the European Union. Efficacy of both the fish processing plant self-checking system and official food control conducted by authorities are crucial for L. monocytogenes prevention in the processing of these risky products. However, the impact of official control on L. monocytogenes prevention in the processing of fish products has not been extensively studied. We investigated the occurrence, control measures, and correction of non-compliances predisposing to L. monocytogenes in Finnish fish processing plants. The following features were associated with L. monocytogenes occurrence: (a) frequency of non-compliances concerning processing machinery, (b) recurrence of non-compliances, and (c) frequency of non-compliances for which official control measures were requested by inspecting authorities. Official control of fish processing plants had focused on risky areas, but non-compliances were common and their correction exhibited deficiencies. We conclude that L. monocytogenes prevention in fish processing can be enhanced by strengthening official food control measures and processing plant compliance. In particular, timely correction of all food safety violations must be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Aalto-Araneda
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Lundén
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66 (Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Henriques AR, Cristino JM, Fraqueza MJ. Genetic Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Industrial and Retail Ready-to-Eat Meat-Based Foods and Their Relationship with Clinical Strains from Human Listeriosis in Portugal. J Food Prot 2017; 80:551-560. [PMID: 28272920 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes isolates (n = 81) recovered from ready-to-eat meat-based food products (RTEMP) collected in industrial processing plants and retail establishments were genetically characterized for comparison with those from human clinical cases of listeriosis (n = 49). The aim was to assess RTEMP as a possible food source for human infection. L. monocytogenes was detected in 12.5% of the RTEMP samples, and in some cases, counts were above the European food safety criteria. All isolates were assessed by multiplex PCR for serogroup determination and detection of virulence-associated genes inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, plcA, hlyA, actA, and iap. Serogroups IIb and IVb dominated in RTEMP and human isolates, and all were positive for the assessed virulence genes. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by the disk diffusion method revealed a low level of resistance among the isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of L. monocytogenes isolates, using restriction enzymes ApaI and AscI, revealed genetic variability and differentiated the isolates in five clusters. Although some pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of particular RTEMP and human isolates seemed to be highly related, exhibiting more than 90% similarity, which suggests a possible common source, in most cases the strains were not genetically or temporally matched. The close genetic relatedness of RTEMP and human listeriosis strains stressed the importance of preventive measure implementation throughout the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Henriques
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Melo Cristino
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M J Fraqueza
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Acciari VA, Torresi M, Iannetti L, Scattolini S, Pomilio F, Decastelli L, Colmegna S, Muliari R, Bossù T, Proroga Y, Montagna C, Cardamone C, Cogoni P, Prencipe VA, Migliorati G. Listeria monocytogenes in Smoked Salmon and Other Smoked Fish at Retail in Italy: Frequency of Contamination and Strain Characterization in Products from Different Manufacturers. J Food Prot 2017; 80:271-278. [PMID: 28221976 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Seven hundred seventy-eight samples of packaged smoked fish (774 smoked salmon and 4 smoked swordfish) on sale in Italy, from 50 different manufacturers located in 12 European Union countries, were purchased from the Italian market between May and December 2011. The surface temperatures of the samples on sale ranged from 0 to 13°C (3.4 ± 1.5°C, mean ± SD). Six hundred eighty (87.4%) of 778 samples were stored at ≤4°C. One hundred fifty-seven samples (20.2%, 95% confidence interval 17.5 to 23.1%) were contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes , with 26 samples (3.3%, 95% confidence interval 2.3 to 4.8%) at levels >100 CFU/g. The maximum level of contamination was 1.3 ×106 CFU/g. The differences in the level of contamination of smoked fish between countries (χ2 = 91.54, P < 0.05) and manufacturers (χ2 = 193.22, P < 0.05) were significant. The frequency of detection for products from different manufacturing premises ranged from 0 to 76.9%. Serotyping by serological agglutination revealed that the main serotypes detected were 1/2a (65.3%) and 1/2b (22.4%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing with restriction enzymes AscI and ApaI yielded 36 pulsotypes from 144 isolates, clustering into 17 groups. Eight main pulsotypes accounted for 70.8% of the isolates. Three of the main pulsotypes were exclusively from products of a single manufacturer. In general, products from the same manufacturer showed genetic homogeneity, with one strongly prevalent pulsotype. Different manufacturers usually showed very different levels of contamination of the final product, confirming the importance of the management of process hygiene for controlling L. monocytogenes contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicdalia Aniela Acciari
- National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale," Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Marina Torresi
- National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale," Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Luigi Iannetti
- National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale," Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Silvia Scattolini
- National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale," Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale," Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Colmegna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna "B. Ubertini," Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Muliari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, via dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Teresa Bossù
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri," Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Yolande Proroga
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via della Salute 11, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Cosimo Montagna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cardamone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri," Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Cogoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna "G. Pegreffi," Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Vincenza Annunziata Prencipe
- National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale," Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Migliorati
- National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale," Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Siqueira MGFMD, Silva JCRD, Lúcio ÉC, Kim PDCP, Lins LF, Pinheiro Junior JW, Mota RA, Moura APBLD. Detection of Listeria spp. in food handling areas of retail food stores in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The identification of Listeria spp. in food handling areas is of great concern to health surveillance agencies, and their control is often hampered by the ability of the bacteria to grow and maintain themselves even under adverse conditions. The present study aimed to isolate and identify Listeria spp. in the food handling areas of 10 retail food stores in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Eighty-six swab samples were collected from equipment, utensils and surfaces used for processing ready-to-eat meat products. The Dry and Wet Swabbing Methods (3M™ Quick Swabs) and 3M™ Petrifilm™ Plates were used to identify Listeria spp. Contamination by Listeria monocytogenes was confirmed by the Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The hygienic and sanitary conditions of the food handling areas of each store were also assessed. Listeria spp. was isolated in eight stores (80%). Of the 86 swab samples analyzed, 27 (31.2%) [confidence interval 21.81% to 42.30%] were positive for Listeria spp. and only one (3.7%) was confirmed as Listeria monocytogenes. The main contamination sites were the floor (50.0%), the plastic cutting board (42.9%) and the knife (40.0%). None of the hygienic and sanitary conditions assessed in the present study were associated with contamination by Listeria spp. (p = 0.700). It was concluded that Listeria spp. was widely distributed in the retail food stores studied, being a possible risk factor for public health.
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Véghová A, Minarovičová J, Koreňová J, Drahovská H, Kaclíková E. Prevalence and tracing of persistentListeria monocytogenesstrains in meat processing facility production chain. J Food Saf 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Véghová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre - Food Research Institute; Priemyselná 4 Bratislava 82475, Slovakia
| | - Jana Minarovičová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre - Food Research Institute; Priemyselná 4 Bratislava 82475, Slovakia
| | - Janka Koreňová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre - Food Research Institute; Priemyselná 4 Bratislava 82475, Slovakia
| | - Hana Drahovská
- Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University; Mlynská dolina B-2 Bratislava 84215, Slovakia
| | - Eva Kaclíková
- National Agricultural and Food Centre - Food Research Institute; Priemyselná 4 Bratislava 82475, Slovakia
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Gowrishankar S, Sivaranjani M, Kamaladevi A, Ravi AV, Balamurugan K, Karutha Pandian S. Cyclic dipeptide cyclo(l-leucyl-l-prolyl) from marineBacillus amyloliquefaciensmitigates biofilm formation and virulence inListeria monocytogenes. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw017. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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13
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Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from tonsils of slaughtered fattening pigs in Switzerland. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-015-0974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Muhterem-Uyar M, Dalmasso M, Bolocan AS, Hernandez M, Kapetanakou AE, Kuchta T, Manios SG, Melero B, Minarovičová J, Nicolau AI, Rovira J, Skandamis PN, Jordan K, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Stessl B, Wagner M. Environmental sampling for Listeria monocytogenes control in food processing facilities reveals three contamination scenarios. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Martín B, Perich A, Gómez D, Yangüela J, Rodríguez A, Garriga M, Aymerich T. Diversity and distribution of Listeria monocytogenes in meat processing plants. Food Microbiol 2014; 44:119-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Henriques A, Telo da Gama L, Fraqueza M. Assessing Listeria monocytogenes presence in Portuguese ready-to-eat meat processing industries based on hygienic and safety audit. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ducks, their rearing and processing environments in Penang, Malaysia. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Lambertz ST, Ivarsson S, Lopez-Valladares G, Sidstedt M, Lindqvist R. Subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes isolates recovered from retail ready-to-eat foods, processing plants and listeriosis patients in Sweden 2010. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 166:186-92. [PMID: 23911759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Identification and prioritisation of food safety interventions requires an understanding of the relationship between food, pathogens and cases. Such understanding can be gained through different approaches, e.g. microbial subtyping to attribute cases of foodborne disease to food vehicles or other sources of illness. In this study, Listeria monocytogenes isolates (n=166) from (i) three categories of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, (ii) food processing plant environments, and (iii) human listeriosis cases, all sampled during 2010 in Sweden, were subtyped. In addition, 121 isolates from human listeriosis cases, collected 2005-2009, were subtyped. Subtyping consisted of both serotyping (conventional method and PCR) and genotyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Serotype 1/2a dominated in all three groups of isolates (range 73-96%). Eighteen percent of the human isolates (2010) belonged to serotype 4b, but only 1.4% of the food isolates. The food isolates differentiated into 19 pulsotypes (ID=0.843), the human isolates collected 2010 into 31 pulsotypes (ID=0.950) and the processing plant isolates into 22 pulsotypes (ID=0.991). Six of the pulsotypes were shared between the food and human isolates. These pulsotypes comprised 42% of the human isolates and 59% of the food isolates. For some processing plants, there was suggested persistence of one or more specific L. monocytogenes strains, as indicated by repetitive isolation of the same pulsotype from food. This study indicated the presence of L. monocytogenes in the processing plant environment as a likely source of contamination of gravad and cold-smoked fish, and this food category as an important source of human exposure to the pathogen.
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Jadhav S, Shah R, Bhave M, Palombo EA. Inhibitory activity of yarrow essential oil on Listeria planktonic cells and biofilms. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Di Ciccio P, Meloni D, Festino AR, Conter M, Zanardi E, Ghidini S, Vergara A, Mazzette R, Ianieri A. Longitudinal study on the sources of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in cold-smoked salmon and its processing environment in Italy. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 158:79-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Costa Dias MA, Sant’Ana AS, Cruz AG, Faria JDAF, Fernandes de Oliveira CA, Bona E. On the implementation of good manufacturing practices in a small processing unity of mozzarella cheese in Brazil. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zunabovic M, Domig KJ, Pichler I, Kneifel W. Monitoring transmission routes of Listeria spp. in smoked salmon production with repetitive element sequence-based PCR techniques. J Food Prot 2012; 75:504-11. [PMID: 22410224 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Various techniques have been used for tracing the transmission routes of Listeria species and for the assessment of hygiene standards in food processing plants. The potential of repetitive element sequence-based PCR (Rep-PCR) methods (GTG₅ and REPI + II) for the typing of Listeria isolates (n = 116), including Listeria monocytogenes (n = 46), was evaluated in a particular situation arising from the relocation of a company producing cold-smoked salmon. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using three restriction enzymes (ApaI, AscI, and SmaI) was used for comparison. Identical transmission scenarios among two companies could be identified by cluster analysis of L. monocytogenes isolates that were indistinguishable by both Rep-PCR and PFGE. The calculated diversity index (DI) indicates that Rep-PCR subtyping of Listeria species with primer sets GTG₅ and REPI + II has a lower discrimination power than does PFGE. When concatenated Rep-PCR cluster analysis was used, the DI increased from 0.934 (REPI + II) and 0.923 (GTG₅) to 0.956. The discrimination power of this method was similar to that of PFGE typing based on restriction enzyme Apa I (DI = 0.955). Listeria welshimeri may be useful as an indicator for monitoring smoked salmon processing environments. Rep-PCR meets the expectations of a reasonable, fast, and low-cost molecular subtyping method for the routine monitoring of Listeria species. The discriminatory power as characterized by the DI sufficiently quantifies the probability of unrelated isolates being characterized as different subtypes. Therefore, Rep-PCR typing based on two primer systems (GTG₅ and REPI + II) may be a useful tool for monitoring industrial hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zunabovic
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Contamination patterns and molecular typing of Bacillus cereus in red pepper powder processing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-012-0022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Verghese B, Lok M, Wen J, Alessandria V, Chen Y, Kathariou S, Knabel S. comK prophage junction fragments as markers for Listeria monocytogenes genotypes unique to individual meat and poultry processing plants and a model for rapid niche-specific adaptation, biofilm formation, and persistence. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:3279-92. [PMID: 21441318 PMCID: PMC3126449 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00546-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Different strains of Listeria monocytogenes are well known to persist in individual food processing plants and to contaminate foods for many years; however, the specific genotypic and phenotypic mechanisms responsible for persistence of these unique strains remain largely unknown. Based on sequences in comK prophage junction fragments, different strains of epidemic clones (ECs), which included ECII, ECIII, and ECV, were identified and shown to be specific to individual meat and poultry processing plants. The comK prophage-containing strains showed significantly higher cell densities after incubation at 30°C for 48 h on meat and poultry food-conditioning films than did strains lacking the comK prophage (P < 0.05). Overall, the type of strain, the type of conditioning film, and the interaction between the two were all highly significant (P < 0.001). Recombination analysis indicated that the comK prophage junction fragments in these strains had evolved due to extensive recombination. Based on the results of the present study, we propose a novel model in which the concept of defective comK prophage was replaced with the rapid adaptation island (RAI). Genes within the RAI were recharacterized as "adaptons," as these genes may allow L. monocytogenes to rapidly adapt to different food processing facilities and foods. If confirmed, the model presented would help explain Listeria's rapid niche adaptation, biofilm formation, persistence, and subsequent transmission to foods. Also, comK prophage junction fragment sequences may permit accurate tracking of persistent strains back to and within individual food processing operations and thus allow the design of more effective intervention strategies to reduce contamination and enhance food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindhu Verghese
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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