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Lagarde J, Feurer C, Denis M, Douarre PE, Piveteau P, Roussel S. Listeria monocytogenes prevalence and genomic diversity along the pig and pork production chain. Food Microbiol 2024; 119:104430. [PMID: 38225039 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe invasive illness. This ubiquitous species is widely distributed in the environment, but infection occurs almost exclusively through ingestion of contaminated food. The pork production sector has been heavily affected by a series of L. monocytogenes-related foodborne outbreaks in the past around the world. Ready-to-eat (RTE) pork products represent one of the main food sources for strong-evidence listeriosis outbreaks. This pathogen is known to be present throughout the entire pig and pork production chain. Some studies hypothesized that the main source of contamination in final pork products was either living pigs or the food-processing environment. A detailed genomic picture of L. monocytogenes can provide a renewed understanding of the routes of contamination from pig farms to the final products. This review provides an overview of the prevalence, the genomic diversity and the genetic background linked to virulence of L. monocytogenes along the entire pig and pork production chain, from farm to fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lagarde
- ANSES, Salmonella and Listeria Unit (USEL), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France; INRAE, Unit of Process Optimisation in Food, Agriculture and the Environment (UR OPAALE), 17 avenue de Cucillé, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Carole Feurer
- IFIP, The French Pig and Pork Institute, Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, La Motte au Vicomte, 35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Martine Denis
- ANSES, Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (UHQPAP), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, 31 rue des fusillés, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Douarre
- ANSES, Salmonella and Listeria Unit (USEL), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pascal Piveteau
- INRAE, Unit of Process Optimisation in Food, Agriculture and the Environment (UR OPAALE), 17 avenue de Cucillé, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Roussel
- ANSES, Salmonella and Listeria Unit (USEL), University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Poirier S, Coeuret G, Champomier-Vergès MC, Desmonts MH, Werner D, Feurer C, Frémaux B, Guillou S, Luong NDM, Rué O, Loux V, Zagorec M, Chaillou S. Holistic integration of omics data reveals the drivers that shape the ecology of microbial meat spoilage scenarios. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1286661. [PMID: 37920261 PMCID: PMC10619683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1286661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of omics data for monitoring the microbial flow of fresh meat products along a production line and the development of spoilage prediction tools from these data is a promising but challenging task. In this context, we produced a large multivariate dataset (over 600 samples) obtained on the production lines of two similar types of fresh meat products (poultry and raw pork sausages). We describe a full analysis of this dataset in order to decipher how the spoilage microbial ecology of these two similar products may be shaped differently depending on production parameter characteristics. Methods Our strategy involved a holistic approach to integrate unsupervised and supervised statistical methods on multivariate data (OTU-based microbial diversity; metabolomic data of volatile organic compounds; sensory measurements; growth parameters), and a specific selection of potential uncontrolled (initial microbiota composition) or controlled (packaging type; lactate concentration) drivers. Results Our results demonstrate that the initial microbiota, which is shown to be very different between poultry and pork sausages, has a major impact on the spoilage scenarios and on the effect that a downstream parameter such as packaging type has on the overall evolution of the microbial community. Depending on the process, we also show that specific actions on the pork meat (such as deboning and defatting) elicit specific food spoilers such as Dellaglioa algida, which becomes dominant during storage. Finally, ecological network reconstruction allowed us to map six different metabolic pathways involved in the production of volatile organic compounds involved in spoilage. We were able connect them to the different bacterial actors and to the influence of packaging type in an overall view. For instance, our results demonstrate a new role of Vibrionaceae in isopropanol production, and of Latilactobacillus fuchuensis and Lactococcus piscium in methanethiol/disylphide production. We also highlight a possible commensal behavior between Leuconostoc carnosum and Latilactobacillus curvatus around 2,3-butanediol metabolism. Conclusion We conclude that our holistic approach combined with large-scale multi-omic data was a powerful strategy to prioritize the role of production parameters, already known in the literature, that shape the evolution and/or the implementation of different meat spoilage scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Poirier
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gwendoline Coeuret
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olivier Rué
- INRAE, MaIAGE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Valentin Loux
- INRAE, MaIAGE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Stéphane Chaillou
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Félix B, Capitaine K, Te S, Felten A, Gillot G, Feurer C, van den Bosch T, Torresi M, Sréterné Lancz Z, Delannoy S, Brauge T, Midelet G, Leblanc JC, Roussel S. Identification by High-Throughput Real-Time PCR of 30 Major Circulating Listeria monocytogenes Clonal Complexes in Europe. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0395422. [PMID: 37158749 PMCID: PMC10269651 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03954-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous bacterium that causes a foodborne illness, listeriosis. Most strains can be classified into major clonal complexes (CCs) that account for the majority of outbreaks and sporadic cases in Europe. In addition to the 20 CCs known to account for the majority of human and animal clinical cases, 10 CCs are frequently reported in food production, thereby posing a serious challenge for the agrifood industry. Therefore, there is a need for a rapid and reliable method to identify these 30 major CCs. The high-throughput real-time PCR assay presented here provides accurate identification of these 30 CCs and eight genetic subdivisions within four CCs, splitting each CC into two distinct subpopulations, along with the molecular serogroup of a strain. Based on the BioMark high-throughput real-time PCR system, our assay analyzes 46 strains against 40 real-time PCR arrays in a single experiment. This European study (i) designed the assay from a broad panel of 3,342 L. monocytogenes genomes, (ii) tested its sensitivity and specificity on 597 sequenced strains collected from 24 European countries, and (iii) evaluated its performance in the typing of 526 strains collected during surveillance activities. The assay was then optimized for conventional multiplex real-time PCR for easy implementation in food laboratories. It has already been used for outbreak investigations. It represents a key tool for assisting food laboratories to establish strain relatedness with human clinical strains during outbreak investigations and for helping food business operators by improving their microbiological management plans. IMPORTANCE Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is the reference method for Listeria monocytogenes typing but is expensive and takes time to perform, from 3 to 5 days for laboratories that outsource sequencing. Thirty major MLST clonal complexes (CCs) are circulating in the food chain and are currently identifiable only by sequencing. Therefore, there is a need for a rapid and reliable method to identify these CCs. The method presented here enables the rapid identification, by real-time PCR, of 30 CCs and eight genetic subdivisions within four CCs, splitting each CC into two distinct subpopulations. The assay was then optimized on different conventional multiplex real-time PCR systems for easy implementation in food laboratories. The two assays will be used for frontline identification of L. monocytogenes isolates prior to whole-genome sequencing. Such assays are of great interest for all food industry stakeholders and public agencies for tracking L. monocytogenes food contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Félix
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Karine Capitaine
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandrine Te
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Arnaud Felten
- ANSES, Ploufragan/Plouzané/Niort Laboratory, Viral Genetics and Bio-Security Unit, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Carole Feurer
- IFIP–The French Pig and Pork Institute, Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, Le Rheu, France
| | - Tijs van den Bosch
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Department of Bacteriology, Molecular Technology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Torresi
- National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale” Via Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
| | - Zsuzsanna Sréterné Lancz
- Microbiological National Reference Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Food Chain Safety Laboratory Directorate, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, IdentyPath Platform, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Brauge
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Graziella Midelet
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Jean-Charles Leblanc
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Roussel
- ANSES, European Union Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
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De Sousa Violante M, Michel V, Romero K, Bonifait L, Baugé L, Perrin-Guyomard A, Feurer C, Radomski N, Mallet L, Mistou MY, Cadel-Six S. Tell me if you prefer bovine or poultry sectors and I'll tell you who you are: Characterization of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Mbandaka in France. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1130891. [PMID: 37089562 PMCID: PMC10116068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1130891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In north-western France, Salmonella enterica susp. enterica serovar Mbandaka (S. Mbandaka) is most frequently isolated from bovine and dairy samples. While this serovar most often results in asymptomatic carriage, for a number of years it has caused episodes of abortions, which have serious economic consequences for the sector. Interestingly, this serovar is also isolated from Gallus gallus in the same geographic zone. Despite its prevalence in bovines in north-western France, S. Mbandaka has not been broadly studied at the genomic level, and its prevalence and host adaptation are still not fully understood. Methods In this study, we analyzed the genomic diversity of 304 strains of S. Mbandaka isolated from the bovine and poultry sectors in this area over a period of 5 years. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out and two approaches were followed to identify conserved genes and mutations related to host associations. The first approach targeted the genes compiled in the MEGARESv2, Resfinder, VFDB and SPI databases. Plasmid and phage contents were also investigated. The second approach refers to an in-house algorithm developed for this study that computes sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of accessory genes and core variants according to predefined genomes groups. Results and discussion All the analyzed strains belong to the multi-locus sequence type profile ST413, and the phylogenomic analysis revealed main clustering by host (bovine and poultry), emphasizing the circulation of 12 different major clones, of which seven circulate in poultry and five in the bovine sector in France and a likely food production chain adaptation of these clones. All strains present resistance determinants including heavy metals and biocides that could explain the ability of this serovar to survive and persist in the environment, within herds, and in food processing plants. To explore the wild animal contribution to the spread of this serovar in north-western France, we retrieved S. Mbandaka genomes isolated from wild birds from EnteroBase and included them in the phylogenomic analysis together with our collection. Lastly, screening of accessory genes and major variants allowed us to identify conserved specific mutations characteristic of each major cluster. These mutations could be used to design useful probes for food safety surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karol Romero
- Salmonella and Listeria Unit (SEL), ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laetitia Bonifait
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | - Louise Baugé
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | - Agnès Perrin-Guyomard
- ANSES, Fougères Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Fougères, France
| | | | - Nicolas Radomski
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “Giuseppe Caporale” (IZSAM), National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens: Data-Base and Bioinformatics Analysis (GENPAT), Teramo, Italy
| | - Ludovic Mallet
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse–Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Sabrina Cadel-Six
- Salmonella and Listeria Unit (SEL), ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
- *Correspondence: Sabrina Cadel-Six,
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Borges F, Briandet R, Callon C, Champomier-Vergès MC, Christieans S, Chuzeville S, Denis C, Desmasures N, Desmonts MH, Feurer C, Leroi F, Leroy S, Mounier J, Passerini D, Pilet MF, Schlusselhuber M, Stahl V, Strub C, Talon R, Zagorec M. Contribution of omics to biopreservation: Toward food microbiome engineering. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:951182. [PMID: 35983334 PMCID: PMC9379315 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.951182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopreservation is a sustainable approach to improve food safety and maintain or extend food shelf life by using beneficial microorganisms or their metabolites. Over the past 20 years, omics techniques have revolutionised food microbiology including biopreservation. A range of methods including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and meta-omics derivatives have highlighted the potential of biopreservation to improve the microbial safety of various foods. This review shows how these approaches have contributed to the selection of biopreservation agents, to a better understanding of the mechanisms of action and of their efficiency and impact within the food ecosystem. It also presents the potential of combining omics with complementary approaches to take into account better the complexity of food microbiomes at multiple scales, from the cell to the community levels, and their spatial, physicochemical and microbiological heterogeneity. The latest advances in biopreservation through omics have emphasised the importance of considering food as a complex and dynamic microbiome that requires integrated engineering strategies to increase the rate of innovation production in order to meet the safety, environmental and economic challenges of the agri-food sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Borges
- Université de Lorraine, LIBio, Nancy, France
- *Correspondence: Frédéric Borges,
| | - Romain Briandet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cécile Callon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR 545 Fromage, Aurillac, France
| | | | | | - Sarah Chuzeville
- ACTALIA, Pôle d’Expertise Analytique, Unité Microbiologie Laitière, La Roche sur Foron, France
| | | | | | | | - Carole Feurer
- IFIP, Institut de la Filière Porcine, Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Sabine Leroy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérôme Mounier
- Univ Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, Plouzané, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Strub
- Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Régine Talon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Poirier S, Luong NDM, Anthoine V, Guillou S, Membré JM, Moriceau N, Rezé S, Zagorec M, Feurer C, Frémaux B, Jeuge S, Robieu E, Champomier-Vergès M, Coeuret G, Cauchie E, Daube G, Korsak N, Coroller L, Desriac N, Desmonts MH, Gohier R, Werner D, Loux V, Rué O, Dohollou MH, Defosse T, Chaillou S. Large-scale multivariate dataset on the characterization of microbiota diversity, microbial growth dynamics, metabolic spoilage volatilome and sensorial profiles of two industrially produced meat products subjected to changes in lactate concentration and packaging atmosphere. Data Brief 2020; 30:105453. [PMID: 32300619 PMCID: PMC7152715 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Data in this article provide detailed information on the diversity of bacterial communities present on 576 samples of raw pork or poultry sausages produced industrially in 2017. Bacterial growth dynamics and diversity were monitored throughout the refrigerated storage period to estimate the impact of packaging atmosphere and the use of potassium lactate as chemical preservative. The data include several types of analysis aiming at providing a comprehensive microbial ecology of spoilage during storage and how the process parameters do influence this phenomenon. The analysis includes: the gas content in packaging, pH, chromametric measurements, plate counts (total mesophilic aerobic flora and lactic acid bacteria), sensorial properties of the products, meta-metabolomic quantification of volatile organic compounds and bacterial community metagenetic analysis. Bacterial diversity was monitored using two types of amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA and GyrB encoding genes) at different time points for the different conditions (576 samples for gyrB and 436 samples for 16S rDNA). Sequencing data were generated by using Illumina MiSeq. The sequencing data have been deposited in the bioproject PRJNA522361. Samples accession numbers vary from SAMN10964863 to SAMN10965438 for gyrB amplicon and from SAMN10970131 to SAMN10970566 for 16S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Poirier
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carole Feurer
- IFIP-Institut du Porc, Maisons-Alfort et Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Sabine Jeuge
- IFIP-Institut du Porc, Maisons-Alfort et Le Rheu, France
| | - Emeline Robieu
- IFIP-Institut du Porc, Maisons-Alfort et Le Rheu, France
| | - Marie Champomier-Vergès
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gwendoline Coeuret
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emilie Cauchie
- Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Food Sciences, Université de Liège, FARAH, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Food Sciences, Université de Liège, FARAH, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Korsak
- Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Food Sciences, Université de Liège, FARAH, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Louis Coroller
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, EA3882 Lubem, Quimper, France
| | - Noémie Desriac
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, EA3882 Lubem, Quimper, France
| | | | | | | | - Valentin Loux
- INRAE, MaIAGE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE bioinformatics facility, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Olivier Rué
- INRAE, MaIAGE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INRAE, BioinfOmics, MIGALE bioinformatics facility, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Tatiana Defosse
- Cellule Recherche et Innovation, Groupe LDC, Sablé sur Sarthe, France
| | - Stéphane Chaillou
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Bridier A, Le Grandois P, Moreau MH, Prénom C, Le Roux A, Feurer C, Soumet C. Impact of cleaning and disinfection procedures on microbial ecology and Salmonella antimicrobial resistance in a pig slaughterhouse. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12947. [PMID: 31506516 PMCID: PMC6736965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To guarantee food safety, a better deciphering of ecology and adaptation strategies of bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella in food environments is crucial. The role of food processing conditions such as cleaning and disinfection procedures on antimicrobial resistance emergence should especially be investigated. In this work, the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and the microbial ecology of associated surfaces communities were investigated in a pig slaughterhouse before and after cleaning and disinfection procedures. Salmonella were detected in 67% of samples and isolates characterization revealed the presence of 15 PFGE-patterns belonging to five serotypes: S.4,5,12:i:-, Rissen, Typhimurium, Infantis and Derby. Resistance to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and/or chloramphenicol was detected depending on serotypes. 16S rRNA-based bacterial diversity analyses showed that Salmonella surface associated communities were highly dominated by the Moraxellaceae family with a clear site-specific composition suggesting a persistent colonization of the pig slaughterhouse. Cleaning and disinfection procedures did not lead to a modification of Salmonella susceptibility to antimicrobials in this short-term study but they tended to significantly reduce bacterial diversity and favored some genera such as Rothia and Psychrobacter. Such data participate to the construction of a comprehensive view of Salmonella ecology and antimicrobial resistance emergence in food environments in relation with cleaning and disinfection procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bridier
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSES, Fougères, France.
- Chlean Pass Joint Technological Network, Hygienic Design of Production Lines and Equipment, France.
| | - Patricia Le Grandois
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSES, Fougères, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Moreau
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSES, Fougères, France
| | - Charleyne Prénom
- Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, IFIP-Institut du Porc, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alain Le Roux
- Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, IFIP-Institut du Porc, Le Rheu, France
| | - Carole Feurer
- Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, IFIP-Institut du Porc, Le Rheu, France
| | - Christophe Soumet
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSES, Fougères, France
- Chlean Pass Joint Technological Network, Hygienic Design of Production Lines and Equipment, France
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8
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Sévellec Y, Granier SA, Radomski N, Felten A, Le Hello S, Feurer C, Mistou MY, Cadel-Six S. Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serotype Derby, Associated with the Pork Sector in France. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:e01027-18. [PMID: 30533663 PMCID: PMC6256686 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01027-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the European Union, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Derby is the most abundant serotype isolated from pork. Recent studies have shown that this serotype is polyphyletic. However, one main genomic lineage, characterized by sequence type 40 (ST40), the presence of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 23, and showing resistance to streptomycin, sulphonamides, and tetracycline (STR-SSS-TET), is pork associated. Here, we describe the complete genome sequence of a strain from this lineage isolated in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Sévellec
- Université Paris-Est, Marne-la-Vallée, France
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie A. Granier
- Université Paris-Est, Marne-la-Vallée, France
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicolas Radomski
- Université Paris-Est, Marne-la-Vallée, France
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Arnaud Felten
- Université Paris-Est, Marne-la-Vallée, France
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Simon Le Hello
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de Référence des Salmonella, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, France
| | - Carole Feurer
- French Institute for the Pig and Pork Industry (IFIP), Le Rheu, France
| | - Michel-Yves Mistou
- Université Paris-Est, Marne-la-Vallée, France
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sabrina Cadel-Six
- Université Paris-Est, Marne-la-Vallée, France
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Sévellec Y, Vignaud ML, Granier SA, Lailler R, Feurer C, Le Hello S, Mistou MY, Cadel-Six S. Polyphyletic Nature of Salmonella enterica Serotype Derby and Lineage-Specific Host-Association Revealed by Genome-Wide Analysis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:891. [PMID: 29867804 PMCID: PMC5966662 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In France, Salmonella Derby is one of the most prevalent serotypes in pork and poultry meat. Since 2006, it has ranked among the 10 most frequent Salmonella serotypes isolated in humans. In previous publications, Salmonella Derby isolates have been characterized by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles revealing the existence of different pulsotypes and AMR phenotypic groups. However, these results suffer from the low discriminatory power of these typing methods. In the present study, we built a collection of 140 strains of S. Derby collected in France from 2014 to 2015 representative of the pork and poultry food sectors. The whole collection was characterized using whole genome sequencing (WGS), providing a significant contribution to the knowledge of this underrepresented serotype, with few genomes available in public databases. The genetic diversity of the S. Derby strains was analyzed by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). We also investigated AMR by both genome and phenotype, the main Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI) and the fimH gene sequences. Our results show that this S. Derby collection is spread across four different lineages genetically distant by an average of 15k SNPs. These lineages correspond to four multilocus sequence typing (MLST) types (ST39, ST40, ST71, and ST682), which were found to be associated with specific animal hosts: pork and poultry. While the ST71 and ST682 strains are pansusceptible, ST40 isolates are characterized by the multidrug resistant profile STR-SSS-TET. Considering virulence determinants, only ST39 and ST40 present the SPI-23, which has previously been associated with pork enterocyte invasion. Furthermore, the pork ST682 isolates were found to carry mutations in the fimH sequence that could participate in the host tropism of this group. Our phylogenetic analysis demonstrates the polyphyletic nature of the Salmonella serotype Derby and provides an opportunity to identify genetic factors associated with host adaptation and markers for the monitoring of these different lineages within the corresponding animal sectors. The recognition of these four lineages is of primary importance for epidemiological surveillance throughout the food production chains and constitutes the first step toward refining monitoring and preventing dispersal of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Sévellec
- Université PARIS-EST, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L’Alimentation, de L’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie-Léone Vignaud
- Université PARIS-EST, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L’Alimentation, de L’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie A. Granier
- Université PARIS-EST, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L’Alimentation, de L’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Renaud Lailler
- Université PARIS-EST, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L’Alimentation, de L’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Carole Feurer
- French Institute for Pig and Pork Industry, Le Rheu, France
| | - Simon Le Hello
- Centre National de Référence des Salmonella, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Michel-Yves Mistou
- Université PARIS-EST, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L’Alimentation, de L’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sabrina Cadel-Six
- Université PARIS-EST, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L’Alimentation, de L’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
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10
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Félix B, Feurer C, Maillet A, Guillier L, Boscher E, Kerouanton A, Denis M, Roussel S. Population Genetic Structure of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated From the Pig and Pork Production Chain in France. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:684. [PMID: 29681897 PMCID: PMC5897532 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitous pathogenic bacterium, transmissible to humans through the consumption of contaminated food. The pork production sector has been hit hard by a series of L. monocytogenes-related food poisoning outbreaks in France. An overview of the diversity of strains circulating at all levels of the pork production chain, from pig farming (PF) to finished food products (FFP), is needed to identify the contamination routes and improve food safety. Until now, no typing data has been available on strains isolated across the entire pig and pork production chain. Here, we analyzed the population genetic structure of 687 L. monocytogenes strains isolated over the last 20 years in virtually all the French départements from three compartments of this production sector: PF, the food processing environment (FPE), and FFP. The genetic structure was described based on Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) clonal complexes (CCs). The CCs were obtained by mapping the PFGE profiles of the strains. The distribution of CCs was compared firstly between the three compartments and then with CCs obtained from 1106 strains isolated from other food production sectors in France. The predominant CCs of pig and pork strains were not equally distributed among the three compartments: the CC37, CC59, and CC77 strains, rarely found in FPE and FFP, were prevalent in PF. The two most prevalent CCs in the FPE and FFP compartments, CC9 and CC121, were rarely or never detected in PF. No CC was exclusively associated with the pork sector. Three CCs (CC5, CC6, and CC2) were considered ubiquitous, because they were observed in comparable proportions in all food production sectors. The two most prevalent CCs in all sectors were CC9 and CC121, but their distribution was disparate. CC9 was associated with meat products and food products combining several food categories, whereas CC121 was not associated with any given sector. Based on these results, CC121 is likely able to colonize a larger diversity of food products than CC9. Both CCs being associated with the food production suggests, that certain processing steps, such as slaughtering or stabilization treatments, favor their settlement and the recontamination of the food produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Félix
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Carole Feurer
- The French Institute for Pig and Pork Industry, IFIP, Le Rheu, France
| | - Aurelien Maillet
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurent Guillier
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Evelyne Boscher
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne Loire University, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Annaëlle Kerouanton
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne Loire University, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Martine Denis
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne Loire University, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Sophie Roussel
- Maisons-Alfort Laboratory for Food Safety, Salmonella and Listeria Unit, University of Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
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11
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Soumet C, Méheust D, Pissavin C, Le Grandois P, Frémaux B, Feurer C, Le Roux A, Denis M, Maris P. Reduced susceptibilities to biocides and resistance to antibiotics in food-associated bacteria following exposure to quaternary ammonium compounds. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:1275-1281. [PMID: 27481186 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our aim was to assess the effects of step-wise exposure to didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) on the antimicrobial (antibiotics and biocides) susceptibilities of food-associated bacterial strains. METHODS AND RESULTS Adaptive responses of bacterial strains were investigated by exposing the strains daily to increasing subinhibitory concentrations of DDAC for 7 days. Following adaptation to DDAC, a threefold increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for this biocide was observed in 48% of the Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes strains, and 3% of the Salmonella strains. Reduced susceptibility to other biocides was found with the most important increase in MIC for benzalkonium chloride (BC) and a commercial biocide formulation (Galox Horizon) containing DDAC and glutaraldehyde, for all species except Salmonella. Increase in antibiotic MIC values was more pronounced in E. coli in terms of antibiotic numbers and of magnitude (from 4- to 32-fold increase) and, to a lesser extent, in Salmonella strains. Most of these strains had acquired resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS The effects of exposure to DDAC on biocides and antibiotics susceptibilities depend upon the bacteria species. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Extensive use of DDAC at subinhibitory concentrations may lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and may represent a public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Soumet
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSES, Fougères, France.
| | - D Méheust
- Biology Department, University of Rennes 1, IUT Saint-Brieuc, Saint-Brieuc, France
| | - C Pissavin
- Biology Department, University of Rennes 1, IUT Saint-Brieuc, Saint-Brieuc, France
| | - P Le Grandois
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSES, Fougères, France
| | - B Frémaux
- Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, IFIP, Maisons-Alfort, Le Rheu, France
| | - C Feurer
- Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, IFIP, Maisons-Alfort, Le Rheu, France
| | - A Le Roux
- Department of Fresh and Processed Meat, IFIP, Maisons-Alfort, Le Rheu, France
| | - M Denis
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, ANSES, Ploufragan, France
| | - P Maris
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSES, Fougères, France
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12
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Kérouanton A, Marault M, Lailler R, Weill FX, Feurer C, Espié E, Brisabois A. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Subtyping Database for FoodborneSalmonella entericaSerotype Discrimination. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2007; 4:293-303. [PMID: 17883313 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2007.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoid Salmonella is one of the main causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and is responsible for 65% of reported outbreaks of foodborne diseases in France. Serotyping is widely used for isolate preliminary identification, but it poorly discriminates strains. Rapid, efficient molecular subtyping tools have therefore been developed for the investigation of outbreaks. We evaluated the performance of the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method for discrimination of 31 Salmonella serotypes frequently isolated in France. We set up a genomic database of Salmonella strains isolated from food, animals, the environment, and humans to improve the management of contamination and reactions to foodborne disease outbreaks. We studied 1128 isolates by PFGE, according to the standardized PulseNet protocol. We identified 452 PFGE patterns, 67.5% of which corresponded to a single isolate. The ability of this method to distinguish between isolates was estimated by calculating the Simpson index and the 95% confidence interval. Values obtained ranged between 0.33 (0.11-0.54) to 0.99 (0.96-1.00), depending on serotype. Epidemiological information about isolates was used for analyses of intra- and interserotype diversity results and for determining whether PFGE patterns were linked to the source of the isolate. Clustering analysis of the PFGE patterns obtained confirmed that serotype and PFGE genotype were closely linked. Some PFGE patterns were identified as major patterns, each of these patterns being found in at least 10 isolates. The database generated has already proved its effectiveness in epidemiological investigations in livestock production and foodborne outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaëlle Kérouanton
- Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches sur la Qualité des Aliments et sur les Procédés Agro-alimentaires, Unité Caractérisation et Epidémiologie Bactérienne, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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13
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Feurer C, Irlinger F, Spinnler HE, Glaser P, Vallaeys T. Assessment of the rind microbial diversity in a farmhouse-produced vs a pasteurized industrially produced soft red-smear cheese using both cultivation and rDNA-based methods. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 97:546-56. [PMID: 15281935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The diversity of the surface flora of two French red-smear soft cheeses was examined by cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent methods to assess their composition and to evaluate the accuracy of both approaches. METHODS AND RESULTS Culture-independent methods used involved 16S ribosomal DNA gene cloning and sequencing and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP). The culture-dependent method used involved direct culture and macroscopic observation, polymerase chain reaction of the 16S rRNA gene from DNA extracted from single colonies followed by complete sequencing of the gene. Only few species were recovered by both approaches either in the pasteurized and the farmer cheese. A large diversity of isolates or 16S rDNA sequences related to marine bacteria was identified at the surface of both cheeses. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that all three techniques were informative and complementary to allow a more accurate representativeness of the cheese surface biodiversity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Cultivation and molecular methods have to be combined in order to obtain an extended view of the bacterial populations of complex ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Feurer
- Laboratoire de Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés alimentaires, INRA, Thiverval Grignon, France
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14
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Feurer C, Vallaeys T, Corrieu G, Irlinger F. Does smearing inoculum reflect the bacterial composition of the smear at the end of the ripening of a French soft, red-smear cheese? J Dairy Sci 2005; 87:3189-97. [PMID: 15377597 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The microbial community composition and dynamics during the production of a French soft, red-smear cheese were investigated. The colonization efficiency of the smearing inoculum was followed, and the parts played by the inoculum used and the resident microflora were tentatively estimated. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) was applied to 2 productions of a soft, red-smear cheese produced by the same dairy plant at 4-mo intervals. Microbial composition of the different cheese samples analyzed was found to be reproducible from one production to another. However, the composition of the surface flora of both cheeses at the end of the ripening did not reflect the composition of the smearing inoculum used, qualitatively as well as quantitatively. These results were confirmed by those obtained when assessing the microbial composition of the culturable flora by the spread plate technique. The inoculum used by the industry had low resiliency potentialities against colonization of cheeses by resident organisms. Therefore, fitness and colonization potential of smearing inocula should be carefully assessed by the industry before use. The use of Arthrobacter strains as part of the smearing inoculum should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Feurer
- Laboratoire de Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires, INRA, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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15
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Feurer C, Clermont D, Bimet F, Candréa A, Jackson M, Glaser P, Bizet C, Dauga C. Taxonomic characterization of nine strains isolated from clinical and environmental specimens, and proposal of Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2004; 54:1055-1061. [PMID: 15280269 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine unidentified Gram-positive, lipophilic corynebacteria were isolated from clinical and food samples and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. The bacteria were distinguished from Corynebacterium species with validly published names by biochemical tests, fatty acid content and whole-cell protein analysis. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated unambiguously that the nine strains were related phylogenetically to the species ‘Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum’ and represented a distinct subline within the genus Corynebacterium. On the basis of both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, the formal description of Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of C. tuberculostearicum is Medalle XT (=LDC-20T=CIP 107291T=CCUG 45418T=ATCC 35529T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Feurer
- Laboratoire de Génomique des Micro-organismes Pathogènes, Département Structure et Dynamique des Génomes, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Rossa Avenue, Cork, Ireland
- Collection de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Dominique Clermont
- Collection de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - François Bimet
- Collection de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Adina Candréa
- Collection de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Mary Jackson
- Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Département Pathogénèse Microbienne, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Philippe Glaser
- Laboratoire de Génomique des Micro-organismes Pathogènes, Département Structure et Dynamique des Génomes, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Chantal Bizet
- Collection de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Catherine Dauga
- Collection de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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16
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Lucey B, Feurer C, Greer P, Moloney P, Cryan B, Fanning S. Antimicrobial resistance profiling and DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF) of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in human, poultry and porcine samples from the Cork region of Ireland. J Appl Microbiol 2000; 89:727-34. [PMID: 11119145 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (R) typing and DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF) of a random collection of 84 Irish thermophilic Campylobacter isolates is described. The collection included human, veterinary (porcine) and poultry isolates cultured between 1996 and 1998 in the Cork region of Ireland. Biochemical and molecular methods were used to identify Campylobacter jejuni and Camp. coli. Many of these isolates were simultaneously resistant to several common antimicrobial agents. In particular, resistance to ampicillin, spectinomycin, sulphafurazole and tetracycline was common. A total of 74 DAF profiles was identified among the study collection, showing a high degree of diversity. Dendrogram analysis of the DNA patterns identified three main clusters at the 50% similarity level, which included two clusters of Camp. coli and a third containing a mixture of Camp. jejuni and Camp. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lucey
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Ireland
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17
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Borel JF, Feurer C, Gubler HU, Stähelin H. Biological effects of cyclosporin A: a new antilymphocytic agent. 1976. Agents Actions 1994; 43:179-86. [PMID: 7725970 DOI: 10.1007/bf01986686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
To study immunoregulation of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CR-EAE) in Lewis rats, we adoptively transferred concanavalin A-activated lymph node cells (LNC) or splenocytes, from hind footpad-inoculated donors at the onset (day 11), or recovery (day 16), of the first attack. Popliteal LNC, especially from day 16 donors, provided significant and dose-dependent, but incomplete, protection of recipients from encephalitogenic challenge; maximal mean delay in EAE onset was 10 days later than controls, with subsequent paralysis reduced more than 6-fold. In contrast, particularly from day 11 donors, superficial inguinal LNC recipients developed actively induced disease of normal severity up to 4 days earlier than CR-EAE controls. Furthermore day 11 EAE splenocytes, but not day 16 ones, adoptively transferred disease into 50-88% of naive recipients. In separate studies, we demonstrated unresponsiveness to active induction of disease in all rats re-challenged during stable late remission, as well as in a minority of animals pretreated with antigen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. These results suggest an organ-dependent and time-dependent balance between effector and suppressor populations in the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Chow
- Preclinical Research, Sandoz Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Feurer C, Chow LH, Borel JF. Preventive and therapeutic effects of cyclosporin and valine2-dihydro-cyclosporin in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat. Immunology 1988; 63:219-23. [PMID: 3258272 PMCID: PMC1454527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporin (CS) and valine2-dihydro-cyclosporin [(Val2)DH-CS] were tested in adult Lewis rats with chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CR-EAE), induced by the immunization of guinea-pig spinal cord emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. The drugs were given orally for 15 or 35 days, at 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg/day, starting either on the day of sensitization (preventive treatment) or at one of three subsequent times (therapeutic treatment): the onset of the first attack (protocol A); the onset of the first spontaneous remission (protocol B); and the onset of the second attack (protocol C). Used therapeutically in protocol A, at doses above 12.5 mg/kg/day, both drugs prolonged remission past the end of therapy in more than two-thirds of the treated animals, compared to less than 10% of controls. Trends were similar under protocols B and C. Disease developing after preventive treatment with either drug was predominated by chronic and hyperacute attacks, in contrast to the relapsing course of controls. This pattern was also the result after CS was given therapeutically, whereas (Val2)DH-CS in such circumstances eliminated all further attacks in the majority of rats (58-86% at 25 mg/kg/day) and only minimal disease occurred in the remainder. We conclude that both drugs, in this model, are beneficial during administration; however, in contrast to CS, (Val2)DH-CS possesses an important, curative action when applied therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Feurer
- Preclinical Research, Sandoz Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Herrmann P, Schreier MH, Borel JF, Feurer C. Mast cell degranulation as a major event in the effector phase of delayed-type hypersensitivity induced by cloned helper T cells. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1988; 86:102-5. [PMID: 2967250 DOI: 10.1159/000234613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A kinetic study (0-72 h) was performed on the cellular composition of the exudate in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) induced by the injection of cloned helper T cells into the footpad of C57BL/6J mice. In this model the reaction was maximal at 24 h, as assessed by local swelling. After an initial phase of inflammatory cell infiltration, we observed pronounced degranulation of mast cells, occurring at 15-19 h. Administration of antihistamines shortly before this time significantly inhibited the increase in footpad thickness at 24 h, suggesting mast cell mediators as a major cause of swelling in DTH. Furthermore, a new arrival of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, was clearly correlated with mast cell degranulation. The latter, which might function to suppress local reactions, persisted as the only intact cell type after 48 h. Supplementary examination of peripheral blood smears showed successive peaks of neutrophils (at 3 h), monocytes (at 15 h) and finally eosinophils (after 20 h). These results suggest a local and systemic cascade in DTH which depends on mast cell degranulation for its full expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Herrmann
- Preclinical Research, Sandoz Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Krenger W, Honegger CG, Feurer C, Cammisuli S. Changes of neurotransmitter systems in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rat brain and spinal cord. J Neurochem 1986; 47:1247-54. [PMID: 2427658 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Catecholamine and indoleamine neurotransmitters, together with some of their precursors and metabolites, were determined using HPLC in three brain and two spinal cord regions of Lewis rats with chronic relapsing allergic encephalomyelitis and of control rats injected with complete Freund's adjuvant. Three attacks and two recovery phases were investigated. Changes are found mainly in the spinal cord. In the lumbosacral region both 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline are reduced during the entire course of the disease, whereas in the craniothoracal region 5-hydroxytryptamine is unchanged and only noradrenaline is reduced during the attacks, returning to normal during the first recovery. The precursors tyrosine and tryptophan are greatly elevated during the first two attacks in both regions. The 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover marker 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid is increased in the first attack in both regions, then it decreases in the later stages, indicating destruction of nerve fibers. On the fourth and seventh days after inoculation values are generally not significantly different from controls in all regions. The possible correlation of neurochemical results with neurological signs is discussed.
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Abstract
Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (CR-EAE) was induced in rats with an emulsion of guinea-pig spinal cord tissue (GPSC) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) enriched with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA (Tbc). 78% of the sensitized rats developed a CR-EAE showing 2 to 3 clinical relapses during the first 40 days. After 60-80 days, approximately half of the rats with CR-EAE had a further relapse which was followed by complete recovery in only 35% of the cases. The remaining 65% of these animals showed a progressive state of the disease, characterized by paralysis or severe motor deficit, eventually leading to death. CR-EAE in rats showed some similarities to multiple sclerosis in man (MS) and it may be a useful model for the study of this disease.
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Cammisuli S, Feurer C. The effect of cyclosporin-A and dihydrocyclosporin-D on the therapy and prophylaxis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Prog Clin Biol Res 1984; 146:415-421. [PMID: 6718431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Ryffel B, Feurer C, Heuberger B, Borel JF. Immunosuppressive effect of cyclosporin A in two lymphocyte transfer models in rats: comparison of in vivo and in vitro treatment. Immunobiology 1982; 163:470-83. [PMID: 6984418 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(82)80061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive effect of CS-A was first studied in the assay for local GvHR. 3 X 10(6) viable spleen cells from LEW rats were injected into one foot pad of LEW X BN hybrids and both PLN were weighed 7 days later. Treatment of the recipients with 3 doses of 50 mg/kg/day of CS-A suppressed this local GvHR. The effect was more pronounced when treatment started at the time of cell transfer rather than a few days before peak response. In vitro incubation of the cellular inoculum with CS-A also prevented local GvHR. Histology of the PLN confirmed the quantitative results expressed by the PLN index. CS-A was further investigated in the EAE model in LEW rats. It protected rats sensitised with spinal cord emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant for as long as they were treated with CS-A. Treatment delayed until after the appearance of EAE also markedly improved their condition. Oral treatment of recipients with 50 mg/kg/day CS-A prevented the development of adoptive EAE following the transfer of lymphoid cells conditioned in vitro. The presence of 0.1-1.0 microgram CS-A in the medium of the sensitised lymphoid cells also inhibited the adoptive transfer of EAE. Finally, if the cells for the adoptive transfer were derived from CS-A-treated sensitised donors, they failed to induce EAE. Histological examination supported the symptomatic findings.
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Borel JF, Feurer C, Hiestand PC, Stähelin H. The effects of fractions (chalones) obtained from lymphoid organs on the immune response in vivo. Agents Actions 1978; 8:523-31. [PMID: 31079 DOI: 10.1007/bf02111440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous extracts of calf and pig lymphoid organs were prepared and fractionated by means of gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. These fractions, which had been previously assessed on mitogen-stimulated mouse spleen lymphocytes and other cells in vitro, were tested for their in vivo activity on humoral (haemolytic PFC in mice) and on cell-mediated immunity (skin allograft survival in mice, lymph node weight assay in rats, and systemic GvH-reaction in mice). None of these several fractions elicited either biologically significant or reproducible inhibitory effects. In particular, two fractions, a high and a small molecular weight fraction which were strongly inhibitory in vitro, remained without any chalone-like activity in these in vivo assays. Our results therefore failed to support the existence of a lymphocyte chalone.
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Abstract
A method for measuring localised leukocyte mobilisation under in-vivo conditions with a plastic skin collection-chamber adapted to the rabbit ear was used for assessing the effects of anti-inflammatory and other agents on granulocyte emigration. Studies on the effect of oral drug administration to rabbits indicated that most anti-inflammatory drugs, two cystostatic agents (cyclophosphamide and colchicine), but none of the other compounds exhibiting antihistaminc, beta-adrenolytic or neuroleptic properties, significantly inhibited granulocyte mobilisation. The results after topical application of some of these agents into the chamber correlated well with those obtained after oral treatment. This technique may thus prove useful in selecting new compounds inhibiting granulocyte mobilisation in acute inflammatory reactions.
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Borel JF, Feurer C, Magnée C, Stähelin H. Effects of the new anti-lymphocytic peptide cyclosporin A in animals. Immunology 1977; 32:1017-25. [PMID: 328380 PMCID: PMC1445439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus metabolite cyclosporin A is a small cyclic peptide acting as a novel antilymphocytic agent. It is effective following either parenteral or oral administration in mice, rats and guinea-pigs. The suppressive effect after short and prolonged treatment on plaque-forming cells, the inhibition of the secondary humoral response and the reversibility of its effect on haemagglutinin formation is demonstrated. Cyclosporin A inhibits delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction to oxazolone (primary and secondary responses) in mice and to tuberculin in guinea-pigs. Its failure to suppress antibody synthesis to lipopolysaccharide antigens in nude mice suggests a selective effect on T cells. High doses of the compound affect the haemopoietic tissues very weakly as shown by the bone marrow and stem cell numbers in mice, which finding markedly contrasts with most other immunosuppressive and cytostatic drugs.
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Abstract
The fungus metabolite cyclosporin A is a small peptide acting as a novel antilymphocytic agent. It strongly depressed appearance of both direct and indirect plaque-forming cells and produced a clear dose-dependent inhibition of haemagglutinin formation in mice upon oral administration. Skin graft rejection in mice and graft-versus-host disease in mice and rats were considerably delayed by cycloporin A which also prevented the occurrence of paralysis in rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. This compound was not only highly effective in preventing development of Freund's adjuvant arthritis, but in addition improved the symptoms in rats with established arthritis, although it is inactive in acute inflammation. This new agent contrasts with other immunosuppressives and cytostatic drugs in its weak myelotoxicity. Experimental evidence suggests that cyclosporin A, rather than being cytostatic or lympholytic, affects an early stage of mitogenic triggering of the immunocompetent lymphoid cell.
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Abstract
Chemotaxis of rabbit macrophages was inhibited by phenylbutazone and sodium salicylate, but not by other antiinflammatory agents. Other inhibitory compounds were colchicine, vincristine, PHA, Con A, iodoacetic acid, cytochalasin B, and EDTA. Some of these in vitro results contrast apparently with in vivo effects.
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