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Alegbeleye O, Alegbeleye I, Oroyinka MO, Daramola OB, Ajibola AT, Alegbeleye WO, Adetunji AT, Afolabi WA, Oyedeji O, Awe A, Badmus A, Oyeboade JT. Microbiological quality of ready to eat coleslaw marketed in Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2023.2173775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadara Alegbeleye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ithamar Alegbeleye
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Oyo-state, Nigeria
| | - Moses O. Oroyinka
- Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | | | - Abiola Tosin Ajibola
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Adewole Tomiwa Adetunji
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington, South Africa
| | - Wasiu Akinloye Afolabi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Oyedeji
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AL, Canada
| | - Adetunji Awe
- Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aminat Badmus
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Temiloluwa Oyeboade
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Bolten S, Belias A, Weigand KA, Pajor M, Qian C, Ivanek R, Wiedmann M. Population dynamics of Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli on fresh produce: A scoping review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4537-4572. [PMID: 37942966 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Collation of the current scope of literature related to population dynamics (i.e., growth, die-off, survival) of foodborne pathogens on fresh produce can aid in informing future research directions and help stakeholders identify relevant research literature. A scoping review was conducted to gather and synthesize literature that investigates population dynamics of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli on whole unprocessed fresh produce (defined as produce not having undergone chopping, cutting, homogenization, irradiation, or pasteurization). Literature sources were identified using an exhaustive search of research and industry reports published prior to September 23, 2021, followed by screening for relevance based on strict, a priori eligibility criteria. A total of 277 studies that met all eligibility criteria were subjected to an in-depth qualitative review of various factors (e.g., produce commodities, study settings, inoculation methodologies) that affect population dynamics. Included studies represent investigations of population dynamics on produce before (i.e., pre-harvest; n = 143) and after (i.e., post-harvest; n = 144) harvest. Several knowledge gaps were identified, including the limited representation of (i) pre-harvest studies that investigated population dynamics of Listeria spp. on produce (n = 13, 9% of pre-harvest studies), (ii) pre-harvest studies that were carried out on non-sprouts produce types grown using hydroponic cultivation practices (n = 7, 5% of pre-harvest studies), and (iii) post-harvest studies that reported the relative humidity conditions under which experiments were carried out (n = 56, 39% of post-harvest studies). These and other knowledge gaps summarized in this scoping review represent areas of research that can be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bolten
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Alexandra Belias
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kelly A Weigand
- Cary Veterinary Medical Library, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Flower-Sprecher Veterinary Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Magdalena Pajor
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Chenhao Qian
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Renata Ivanek
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Osaili TM, Hasan F, Al-Nabulsi AA, Olaimat AN, Ayyash M, Obaid RS, Holley R. A worldwide review of illness outbreaks involving mixed salads/dressings and factors influencing product safety and shelf life. Food Microbiol 2023; 112:104238. [PMID: 36906321 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The trends toward healthy living, vegetarianism, and busy schedules have increased salad popularity. Salads are usually consumed raw without any thermal treatment, and therefore, without proper care they can become major vehicles for foodborne illness outbreaks. This review examines the microbial quality of 'dressed' salads which contain two or more vegetables/fruits and salad dressings. The possible sources of ingredient contamination, recorded illnesses/outbreaks, and overall microbial quality observed worldwide, besides the antimicrobial treatments available are discussed in detail. Noroviruses were most frequently implicated in outbreaks. Salad dressings usually play a positive role in influencing microbial quality. However, this depends on several factors like the type of contaminating microorganism, storage temperature, dressing pH and ingredients, plus the type of salad vegetable. Very limited literature exists on antimicrobial treatments that can be used successfully with salad dressings and 'dressed' salads. The challenge with antimicrobial treatments is to find ones sufficiently broad in spectrum, compatible with produce flavour which can be applied at competitive cost. It is evident that renewed emphasis on prevention of produce contamination at the producer, processor, wholesale and retail levels plus enhanced hygiene vigilance at foodservice will have a major impact on reducing the risk of foodborne illnesses from salads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq M Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, The University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Fayeza Hasan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas A Al-Nabulsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Amin N Olaimat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), United Arab Emirates
| | - Reyad S Obaid
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, The University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Richard Holley
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Elnemr I, Mushtaha M, Sundararaju S, Hasan MR, Tsui KM, Goktepe I. Monitoring the effect of environmental conditions on safety of fresh produce sold in Qatar's wholesale market. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1986-2004. [PMID: 34085573 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1931050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fresh produce imported by Qatar are mostly sold at the wholesale produce market (WPM) located in open-air and near major animal markets and slaughterhouses. This study was the first in Qatar to monitor the effect of environmental conditions on the microbial quality and safety of fresh produce sold at the WPM over 1 year. The monitoring involved the collection of 540 produce samples along with samples of air, soil, and surface swabs. Samples were analyzed for total aerobic bacteria (TAB); generic Listeria spp., Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp.; total coliforms and total fungi. Bacterial and fungal isolates were identified using 16S rRNA/ITS rRNA markers. Environmental/sanitary factors significantly impacted the prevalence of microorganisms in all samples tested. Produce quality was rated 'poor' during the months of November-February or May-August, with TAB and coliform counts exceeding 6 and 4 log10 CFU/g, respectively. Bacillus subtilus, Enterobacter cloacae, E. faecium, P. expansium, P. aurantiocandidum, and A. niger were the most abundant species with prevalence rate of 11-30%. The high microbial load of environmental samples indicates that the location of the WPM near livestock markets is likely impacting the microbial quality of fresh produce. Therefore, effective control measures need to be implemented at WPM to improve produce safety yearlong.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Elnemr
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - M Mushtaha
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mohammad Rubayet Hasan
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kin-Ming Tsui
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - I Goktepe
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Tantratian S, Krusong W, Siriwetwut O. Combination of Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels seed extract with acetic acid to control Escherichia coli on mint (Mentha cordifolia opiz.) leaves. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Effects of electrolysed water and levulinic acid combination on microbial safety and polysaccharide nanostructure of organic strawberry. Food Chem 2022; 394:133533. [PMID: 35752125 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to better understand the effects of acidic electrolysed water (AEW, 4 mg/L) and levulinic acid (LA, food grade, 2%) combination on organic strawberry over 7 days. This combined method reduced the population of strawberry's natural microbiota by 1-2 log CFU/g and kept the level of inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella below the detection limit (2 log CFU/g) during the whole storage period. Meanwhile, AEW + LA did not affect the physicochemical qualities of strawberries significantly, maintaining most texture and biochemical attributes at an acceptable level (e.g., firmness, colour, soluble solids content and organic acid content). Atomic force microscopy further revealed that the treatment containing LA preserved the sodium carbonate soluble pectin (SSP) nanostructure best by maintaining their length and height, and slowed the breakdown of SSP chains by promoting acid-induced bonding and soluble pectin precipitation. These results demonstrated that low concentration AEW and LA combination is a promising sanitising approach for organic strawberry preservation.
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Microbial profile of some ready-to-cook frozen food items sold in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Microbial Quality and Safety of Raw Vegetables of Fiche Town, Oromia, Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:2556858. [PMID: 35222651 PMCID: PMC8872687 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2556858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vegetables contain vital ingredients such as minerals, phytochemicals, vitamins, and fibers, which play significant roles in human health. Consumption of fresh vegetables causes human infections and outbreaks while serving as a reservoir of several pathogens. The study evaluated the microbiological quality of raw vegetables consumed in and around Fiche town, Central Ethiopia. For the experimental study, a total of 100 samples of 5 different raw vegetables from two local markets were selected based on their commonalities for overall microbial quality in terms of aerobic mesophilic count, total coliform count, Enterobacteriaceae count, Staphylococci count, and yeast and mold levels. The highest count was aerobic mesophilic bacteria (5.7 log CFU/g) followed by Enterobacteriaceae (4.7 log CFU/g), while yeasts and molds count the least. The maximal count for aerobic mesophilic bacteria was enumerated in cabbage (6.4 log CFU/g) while the minimum was in green pepper samples (4.7 log CFU/g). Among 100 vegetable samples analyzed, 11% were contaminated by S. aureus which is highly prevalent in cabbage (20%), followed by lettuce (15%). In the present study, 15.0% of vegetable samples were positive for Salmonella and detected in all vegetable types.
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Kim MJ, Cheigh CI. Microbiological contamination of fresh-cut produce in Korea. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 31:79-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-01014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Kim C, Fatani A, Almuqati R, Rahemi A, Abujamous A, Wynn C, Nartea T, Ndegwa E, Rutto L, Dhakal R. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens in value‐added commodities procured from farmers' markets in Central Virginia. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chyer Kim
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Abeer Fatani
- Department of Biology Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Rehab Almuqati
- Department of Biology Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Alireza Rahemi
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Abeer Abujamous
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Crystal Wynn
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Theresa Nartea
- Cooperative Extension Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Eunice Ndegwa
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Laban Rutto
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Ramesh Dhakal
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
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Use of Phage Cocktail for Improving the Overall Microbiological Quality of Sprouts—Two Methods of Application. Appl Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol1020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: the aim of this study was to improve the overall microbiological quality of five different sprouts (alfalfa, kale, lentil, sunflower, radish) using newly isolated bacteriophages. Method: in this study we had isolated from sewage 18 bacteriophages targeting bacteria dominant in sprouts. Five selected bacteriophage strains were photographed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and we analyzed the rate of attachment, resistance to chloroform, the burst size, and the latency period. Two methods of application of the phage cocktail were investigated: spraying, and an absorption pad. Results: the spraying method was significantly more efficient, and the maximum reduction effect after 48 h of incubation was 1.5 log CFU/g. Using pads soaked with phage lysate reduced the total number of bacteria to only about 0.27–0.79 log CFU/g. Conclusion: the reduction of bacteria levels in sprouts depended on the method of phage application. The blind strategy for searching phage targeting bacteria dominant in sprouts can be useful and economically beneficial as a starting point for further investigation in phage cocktail application for improving the overall microbiological quality of food. The main result of our research is to improve the overall quality of kale and radish sprouts by spraying them with a phage cocktail.
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12
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Surface fungal community diversity change and potential pathogens of Ginkgo biloba seed during cold storage. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Jang MJ, Kim SY, Ricke SC, Rhee MS, Kim SA. Microbial ecology of alfalfa, radish, and rapeseed sprouts based on culture methods and 16S rRNA microbiome sequencing. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110316. [PMID: 34053521 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sprouts harbor high populations of bacteria and cause numerous foodborne disease outbreaks, yet little is known about their microbial composition. The present study aimed to define the microbiological ecology of sprouts using 16S rRNA microbiome sequencing and culture-dependent methods. Different types (radish, alfalfa, and rapeseed), brands (A, B, and C), and distribution routes (online and offline) of sprouts (n = 70) were considered for microbiome analysis, as well as quantitative (aerobic plate count and coliforms) and qualitative analyses (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Typhimurium). The aerobic plate count ranged from 7 to 8 CFU/g, and the coliforms ranged from 6 to 7 log CFU/g. Microbiome analysis revealed that Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum, accounting for 79.0% in alfalfa sprouts, 68.5% in rapeseed sprouts, and 61.9% in radish sprouts. Enterobacteriaceae was the dominant family in alfalfa sprouts (33.9%) and rapeseed sprouts (14.6%), while Moraxellaceae (11.9%) were prevalent on radish sprouts. The majority of the dominant genera were common in the environment, such as soil or water. Alfalfa sprouts yielded the lowest aerobic plate count but the highest relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae compared to the other sprouts. These results could explain why alfalfa sprouts are a leading cause of sprout-related foodborne disease outbreaks. Alpha-diversity results (Chao1 and Shannon indices) suggested that species richness was greater on radish sprouts than the other sprout types. Beta-diversity results showed samples were clustered by types, indicating dissimilarity in microbial communities. However, the distribution route had a limited influence on microbial composition. The present study provides a comparative examination of the microbial profiles of sprouts. Microbiome analyses contribute to an in-depth understanding of the microbial ecology of sprouts, leading to potential control measures for ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Jang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seo Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Min Suk Rhee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sun Ae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Thakali A, MacRae JD. A review of chemical and microbial contamination in food: What are the threats to a circular food system? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110635. [PMID: 33347866 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A circular food system is one in which food waste is processed to recover plant nutrients and returned to the soil to enable the production of more food, rather than being diverted to landfill or incineration. The approach may be used to reduce energy and water use in food production and contribute to the sustainability of the system. Anaerobic digestion and composting are common food waste treatment technologies used to stabilize waste and produce residual materials that can replenish the soil, thus contributing to a circular food system. This approach can only be deemed safe and feasible, however, if food waste is uncontaminated or any contaminants are destroyed during treatment. This review brings together information on several contaminant classes at different stages of the food supply chain, their possible sources, and their fates during composting and digestion. The main aim is to identify factors that could impede the transition towards a safe, reliable and efficient circular food system. We investigated heavy metals, halogenated organic compounds, foodborne pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the food system and their fates during digestion and composting. Production and processing stages were identified as major entry points for these classes of contaminants. Heavy metals and foodborne pathogens pose less risk in a circular system than halogenated organics or antibiotic resistance. Given the diversity of properties among halogenated organic compounds, there is conflicting evidence about their fate during treatment. There are relatively few studies on the fate of ARGs during treatment, and these have produced variable results, indicating a need for more research to clarify their fate in the final products. Repeated land application of contaminated food waste residuals can increase the risk of accumulation and jeopardize the safety of a circular food system. Thus, careful management of the system and research into the fate of the contaminants during treatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Thakali
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - Jean D MacRae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
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Effectiveness of Bacteriocin-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacterium Isolated from Honeycombs against Spoilage Microorganisms and Pathogens Isolated from Fruits and Vegetables. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10207309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Screening natural products for bacteriocin-producing bacteria may be the equilibrium point between the consumer demand for mild processing and the industry’s need for hazard control. Raw unprocessed honeycombs filled with oregano honey from the alpine mountainous territory of Epirus, Greece were screened for bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium spp., with inhibitory action towards some pathogens and spoilage microorganisms isolated from fresh fruits and vegetables (number and type of strains: three E. coli, two L. monocytogenes, two Salmonella spp., two B.cereus, two Erwinia spp., one Xanthomonas spp., L. innocua (ATCC 33090TM) and E. coli 0157:H7 (ATCC 69373)). Among the 101 collected isolates (73 Lactobacillus, 8 Lactococcus, 8 Leuconostoc and 12 Bifidobacterium species) from the oregano honeycombs (an original finding since there are no other reports on the microbial biodiversity of the flora of the oregano honey), 49 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bifidobacterium spp. were selected and tested for their bacteriocin-producing capacity (34 Lactobacillus, 6 Lactococcus, 5 Leuconostoc and 4 Bifidobacterium). The antibacterial activity exerted by the tested LAB and Bifidobacterium strains was not of the same potency. Our results suggest that the main molecules involved in the antimicrobial activity are probably bacteriocin-like substances (a conclusion based on reduced antibacterial activity after the proteolytic treatment of the cell-free supernatant of the cultures) and this antimicrobial activity is specific for the producing strains as well as for the target strains. The spoilage bacteria as well as the reference microorganisms showed increased resistance to the bacteriocin-like substances in comparison to the wild-type pathogens.
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SCHUH V, SCHUH J, FRONZA N, FORALOSSO FB, VERRUCK S, VARGAS JUNIOR A, SILVEIRA SMD. Evaluation of the microbiological quality of minimally processed vegetables. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.38118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Microbial Contamination, an Increasing Threat to the Consumption of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables in Today's World. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:3029295. [PMID: 32565813 PMCID: PMC7269610 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3029295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes are found all over the globe with some few exceptions, including sterilized surfaces. They include normal flora that is nonpathogenic, which contribute to the larger percentage, and pathogenic species which are few. Hence, the activities of humans cannot be completely separated from microbes. Thus, many pathogenic microbes have found their way into fresh fruits and vegetables which are a great source of a healthy diet for humans. The growing demand for fresh fruits and vegetables has necessitated larger production. The larger production of vegetables within the shortest possible time to meet the growing demand has placed them at a higher risk of contamination with the pathogenic microbes, making the safety of consumers uncertain. Study of sources of contamination and type of pathogenic etiological agents isolated from fresh fruits and vegetables includes Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium botulinum, E. coli O157: H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Shigella, Staphylococcus, and Vibrio cholera. Several measures have proven to be effective in controlling contamination of microbes and they include the establishment of surveillance systems to monitor the production chain and thoroughly washing vegetables with vinegar water. Saltwater and other washing techniques are effective but caution should be taken to make sure one does not use one cycle of water for washing all vegetables. The consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables is still encouraged by this review but significant measures must be taken to check the safety of these products before consumption.
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Keshri J, Krouptiski Y, Abu-Fani L, Achmon Y, Bauer TS, Zarka O, Maler I, Pinto R, Sela Saldinger S. Dynamics of bacterial communities in alfalfa and mung bean sprouts during refrigerated conditions. Food Microbiol 2019; 84:103261. [PMID: 31421775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sprouts are considered a healthy ready-to-eat food and has gained popularity in recent years. The objective of the present study was to determine the dynamics of sprouts' microbiome during cold storage to the end of their shelf-life at home. The microbiological quality of fresh alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and mung bean (Vigna radiata) sprouts from two commercial brands was tested and the number of APC ranges from 5.0 to 8.7 log CFU/g in alfalfa and 6.7 to 9.3 log CFU/g in mung bean sprouts. In the case of alfalfa, but not mung beans, there were differences in the mean numbers of APC between the two brands. The number of coliform bacteria ranges from 4.3 to 7.7 log CFU/g in alfalfa and 4.1 to 8.1 log CFU/g in mung bean sprouts. Four independent batches of sprouts were used for DNA preparation and were sampled immediately after purchase and once a week during subsequent storage in refrigerator until the end of their shelf-life. Microbial population of the sprouts was determined using next generation sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons. Alfalfa sprouts were dominated by Pseudomonas throughout the storage time with relative abundance of >60% at 3 weeks. Fresh mung bean sprouts were dominated by both Pseudomonas and Pantoea, but Pantoea became the dominant taxa after 2 weeks of storage, with >46% of relative abundance. The bacterial communities associated with sprouts were largely dependent on the sprout type, and less dependent on the brand. The species richness and diversity declined during storage and the development of spoilage. Among the 160 genera identified on sprouts, 23 were reported to contain known spoilage-associated species and 30 genera comprise potential human pathogenic species. This study provides new insight into the microbiome dynamics of alfalfa and mung bean sprouts during cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Keshri
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Rishon-LeZion, Israel; College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Yulia Krouptiski
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Rishon-LeZion, Israel
| | - Lareen Abu-Fani
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Rishon-LeZion, Israel
| | - Ygal Achmon
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Rishon-LeZion, Israel; Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China
| | - Tal Stern Bauer
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Rishon-LeZion, Israel; Department of Biochemistry and Food Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omri Zarka
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Rishon-LeZion, Israel
| | - Ilana Maler
- The Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 12, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Riky Pinto
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Rishon-LeZion, Israel
| | - Shlomo Sela Saldinger
- Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Rishon-LeZion, Israel.
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19
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Gao X, Liu Y, Chang Q, Zhang Z, Guo X, Yi X. Microbiological survey of field-grown and retail lettuce in Beijing. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Gao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - Yiqian Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - Qing Chang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - Xu Guo
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - Xinxin Yi
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Agriculture; Beijing China
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20
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Zhang G, Chen Y, Hu L, Melka D, Wang H, Laasri A, Brown EW, Strain E, Allard M, Bunning VK, Parish M, Musser SM, Hammack TS. Survey of Foodborne Pathogens, Aerobic Plate Counts, Total Coliform Counts, and Escherichia coli Counts in Leafy Greens, Sprouts, and Melons Marketed in the United States. J Food Prot 2018; 81:400-411. [PMID: 29446686 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to assess the microbiological status of leafy greens, sprouts, and melons from U.S. markets. A total of 14,183 samples of leafy greens, 2,652 samples of sprouts, and 3,411 samples of melons were collected throughout the United States from 2009 to 2014. The samples were analyzed for aerobic plate counts, total coliform counts, Escherichia coli counts, and the presence and levels of Salmonella, Shigella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), depending on the year and type of produce. Among the leafy greens, no E. coli O157:H7 or non-O157 STEC were detected from iceberg lettuce samples. The overall prevalences of Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, non-O157 STEC, and L. monocytogenes in the 14,183 samples of leafy greens were 0.05, 0.01, 0.07, and 0.11%, respectively. Among sprout samples, no Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7 was detected, and the overall prevalences of non-O157 STEC and L. monocytogenes were 0.04 and 0.11%, respectively. Among melon samples, no Salmonella was detected from cucumbers, no L. monocytogenes was detected from cantaloupes, and the overall prevalences of Salmonella and L. monocytogenes were 0.12 and 0.23%, respectively. L. monocytogenes levels were 0.4 to 1,470 most probable number (MPN)/g in leafy greens, 0.36 to 1,100 MPN/g in sprouts, and <0.03 to 150 MPN/g in melons, and most positive samples had low levels of these pathogens. The isolates from these foods were very diverse genetically. Foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella, STEC, and L. monocytogenes, had relatively low prevalences in the produce surveyed. Because these foods are usually consumed raw, measures should be taken to significantly minimize the presence and levels of human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Lijun Hu
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - David Melka
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Anna Laasri
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Eric W Brown
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Errol Strain
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Marc Allard
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Vincent K Bunning
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Mickey Parish
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Steven M Musser
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Thomas S Hammack
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
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21
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Tango CN, Wei S, Khan I, Hussain MS, Kounkeu PFN, Park JH, Kim SH, Oh DH. Microbiological Quality and Safety of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables at Retail Levels in Korea. J Food Sci 2018; 83:386-392. [PMID: 29337344 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality and safety of fresh produce at retail level in Korea in order to periodically update information and establish available risks associated with consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables. The samples from different markets located in 3 provinces of South Korea were collected. The protocol in the Korean Food Standards Codex was applied and generic Escherichia coli, coliforms, aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB), and yeast and mold (YM) in 360 packaged and unpackaged fresh fruits and vegetables were analyzed. Presence of pathogens was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) after enrichment of samples. For all, the microbial counts ranged from 1.7 to 10.6 log cfu/g for AMB, 2.2 to 7.9 log cfu/g for coliforms, and 5.5 to 7.9 log cfu/g for YM. Three lettuce samples were contaminated by E. coli with a bacterial load ranging from 2 to 4 log cfu/g. Salmonella spp. were not detected in any fresh produce. Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus were found in 1 (0.6%), 3 (0.8%), and 5 (1.4%) fresh produce samples, respectively. Bacillus cereus (50.3%) and Clostridium perfringens (13.3%) had the highest prevalence. These results indicate the need for employing strict control measures and developing preventive strategies to improve the quality and safety of fresh produce in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Nkufi Tango
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Chemistry and Agricultural Industries, Faculty of Agronomy, Univ. of Kinshasa, P.O. Box 117 Kinshasa XI, D.R. Congo
| | - Shuai Wei
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Shakhawat Hussain
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul-François Ngnitcho Kounkeu
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Park
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hun Kim
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog Hwan Oh
- Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Coll. of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National Univ., Hyoja 2 dong, Chunchon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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22
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Shen Y, Nie J, Li Z, Li H, Wu Y, Dong Y, Zhang J. Differentiated surface fungal communities at point of harvest on apple fruits from rural and peri-urban orchards. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2165. [PMID: 29391402 PMCID: PMC5794916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse fungal communities that colonize fruit surfaces are closely associated with fruit development, preservation and quality control. However, the overall fungi adhering to the fruit surface and the inference of environmental factors are still unknown. Here, we characterized the fungal signatures on apple surfaces by sequencing internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region. We collected the surface fungal communities from apple fruits cultivated in rural and peri-urban orchards. A total of 111 fungal genera belonging to 4 phyla were identified, showing remarkable fungal diversity on the apple surface. Comparative analysis of rural samples harboured higher fungal diversity than those from peri-urban orchards. In addition, fungal composition varied significantly across apple samples. At the genus level, the protective genera Coniothyrium, Paraphaeosphaeria and Periconia were enriched in rural samples. The pathogenic genera Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Tilletiposis were enriched in peri-urban samples. Our findings indicate that rural samples maintained more diverse fungal communities on apple surfaces, whereas peri-urban-planted apple carried potential pathogenic risks. This study sheds light on ways to improve fruit cultivation and disease prevention practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Shen
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
| | - Jiyun Nie
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China.
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China.
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China.
| | - Zhixia Li
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
| | - Haifei Li
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
| | - Yonglong Wu
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
| | - Yafeng Dong
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks (Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, 125100, P.R. China
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23
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Sair A, Masud T, Sohail A, Rafique A. Microbiological variation amongst fresh and minimally processed vegetables from retail establishers - a public health study in Pakistan. FOOD RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.6.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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24
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Berthold-Pluta A, Garbowska M, Stefańska I, Pluta A. Microbiological quality of selected ready-to-eat leaf vegetables, sprouts and non-pasteurized fresh fruit-vegetable juices including the presence of Cronobacter spp. Food Microbiol 2017; 65:221-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Zwe YH, Yuk HG. Food quality and safety in Singapore: microbiology aspects. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Singapore’s status as a first world island city-state which relies chiefly on food imports to meet the demand for consumption presents unique challenges in terms of microbial food safety and quality. Despite the efforts of the Ministry of Health in Singapore, in conjunction with the Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore and the National Environment Agency actively collaborate together to promote safety in Singapore, foodborne diseases are still a major public health issue.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the review was to summarize the various foodborne diseases reported in Singapore in the past few years as well as to give an account of all the currently available microbiological findings indicating safety and quality of poultry, vegetables, fruits, and seafood sold in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Htut Zwe
- Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyun Gyun Yuk
- Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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26
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Mritunjay SK, Kumar V. A study on prevalence of microbial contamination on the surface of raw salad vegetables. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:13. [PMID: 28391475 PMCID: PMC5385173 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work evaluates the microbiological quality of raw salad vegetables (RSV) consumed in Dhanbad city, India. A total of 480 samples of 8 different raw salad vegetables from local market were examined for overall microbial quality in terms of aerobic mesophilic, psychrotrophic counts, yeast, mould and total coliform levels. E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella sp. were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) subsequent to isolation. Results showed that all the samples were found positive for total coliform; however, E. coli was detected in 16.7% of the total samples. Pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were detected in 1.3, 3.5 and 4.0%, respectively, of the total samples. However, pathogens were not detected in any of the cabbage samples. The Exiguobacterium sp. (Strain ISM SP 2014) was detected in the spinach sample while studying the bacterial contamination, reported for the first time on the surface of RSV. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed less than 92% similarity with sequences available in the public domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeet Kumar Mritunjay
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826 004, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826 004, India.
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27
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Occurrence and characterization of food-borne pathogens isolated from fruit, vegetables and sprouts retailed in the Czech Republic. Food Microbiol 2017; 63:147-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Wadamori Y, Gooneratne R, Hussain MA. Outbreaks and factors influencing microbiological contamination of fresh produce. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1396-1403. [PMID: 27807844 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fresh fruits and vegetables are nutritionally well-recognised as healthy components in diets. The microbiological foodborne outbreaks associated with the consumption of fresh produce have been increasing. Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes are the most common pathogens that contaminate fresh produce. This review discusses recent foodborne outbreaks linked to fresh produce, factors that affect microbiological contamination and measures that could be adopted to reduce the foodborne illnesses. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Wadamori
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Malik A Hussain
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
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29
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Chau ML, Aung KT, Hapuarachchi HC, Lee PSV, Lim PY, Kang JSL, Ng Y, Yap HM, Yuk HG, Gutiérrez RA, Ng LC. Microbial survey of ready-to-eat salad ingredients sold at retail reveals the occurrence and the persistence of Listeria monocytogenes Sequence Types 2 and 87 in pre-packed smoked salmon. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:46. [PMID: 28245788 PMCID: PMC5331722 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-0956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the preparation of salads involves extensive handling and the use of uncooked ingredients, they are particularly vulnerable to microbial contamination. This study aimed to determine the microbial safety and quality of pre-packed salads and salad bar ingredients sold in Singapore, so as to identify public health risks that could arise from consuming salads and to determine areas for improvement in the management of food safety. RESULTS The most frequently encountered organism in pre-packed salad samples was B. cereus, particularly in pasta salads (33.3%, 10/30). The most commonly detected organism in salad bar ingredients was L. monocytogenes, in particular seafood ingredients (44.1%, 15/34), largely due to contaminated smoked salmon. Further investigation showed that 21.6% (37/171) of the pre-packed smoked salmon sold in supermarkets contained L. monocytogenes. Significantly higher prevalence of L. monocytogenes and higher Standard Plate Count were detected in smoked salmon at salad bars compared to pre-packed smoked salmon in supermarkets, which suggested multiplication of the organism as the products move down the supply chain. Further molecular analysis revealed that L. monocytogenes Sequence Type (ST) 2 and ST87 were present in a particular brand of pre-packed salmon products over a 4-year period, implying a potential persistent contamination problem at the manufacturing level. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlighted a need to improve manufacturing and retail hygiene processes as well as to educate vulnerable populations to avoid consuming food prone to L. monocytogenes contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ling Chau
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, #04-03/04, Helios Block, Singapore, 138667 Singapore
| | - Kyaw Thu Aung
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, #04-03/04, Helios Block, Singapore, 138667 Singapore
| | | | - Pei Sze Valarie Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Food Science and Technology Programme, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Pei Ying Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Joanne Su Lin Kang
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, #04-03/04, Helios Block, Singapore, 138667 Singapore
| | - Youming Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, #04-03/04, Helios Block, Singapore, 138667 Singapore
| | - Hooi Ming Yap
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, #04-03/04, Helios Block, Singapore, 138667 Singapore
| | - Hyun-Gyun Yuk
- Department of Chemistry, Food Science and Technology Programme, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Ramona Alikiiteaga Gutiérrez
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, #04-03/04, Helios Block, Singapore, 138667 Singapore
| | - Lee Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, #04-03/04, Helios Block, Singapore, 138667 Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
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30
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Effects of potential organic compatible sanitisers on organic and conventional fresh-cut lettuce ( Lactuca sativa Var. Crispa L). Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kim HS, Choi D, Kang IB, Kim DH, Yim JH, Kim YJ, Chon JW, Oh DH, Seo KH. A Single-Step Enrichment Medium for Nonchromogenic Isolation of Healthy and Cold-Injured Salmonella spp. from Fresh Vegetables. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:84-88. [PMID: 28051328 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Culture-based detection of nontyphoidal Salmonella spp. in foods requires at least four working days; therefore, new detection methods that shorten the test time are needed. In this study, we developed a novel single-step Salmonella enrichment broth, SSE-1, and compared its detection capability with that of commercial single-step ONE broth-Salmonella (OBS) medium and a conventional two-step enrichment method using buffered peptone water and Rappaport-Vassiliadis soy broth (BPW-RVS). Minimally processed lettuce samples were artificially inoculated with low levels of healthy and cold-injured Salmonella Enteritidis (100 or 101 colony-forming unit/25 g), incubated in OBS, BPW-RVS, and SSE-1 broths, and streaked on xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar. Salmonella recoverability was significantly higher in BPW-RVS (79.2%) and SSE-1 (83.3%) compared to OBS (39.3%) (p < 0.05). Our data suggest that the SSE-1 single-step enrichment broth could completely replace two-step enrichment with reduced enrichment time from 48 to 24 h, performing better than commercial single-step enrichment medium in the conventional nonchromogenic Salmonella detection, thus saving time, labor, and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Seok Kim
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dasom Choi
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il-Byeong Kang
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Yim
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Ji Kim
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- 2 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, School of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
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Sibomana MS, Ziena LW, Schmidt S, Workneh TS. Influence of Transportation Conditions and Postharvest Disinfection Treatments on Microbiological Quality of Fresh Market Tomatoes (cv. Nemo-Netta) in a South African Supply Chain. J Food Prot 2017; 80:345-354. [PMID: 28221979 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Postharvest microbial spoilage due to suboptimal transportation and packaging conditions is a key concern for the South African tomato industry. This study investigated the influence of washing with tap water or aqueous disinfectant solutions (chlorinated and anolyte water) on the microbiological quality of tomatoes during storage after transportation in nonrefrigerated trucks along two supply routes when packaged in crates and boxes. Route 1 was 1,093 km from field to storage site, while route 2 was 1,057 km. During transport, the temperature in the trucks fluctuated between 16 and 28°C and the relative humidity between 25 and 94% for route 1, while for route 2, the temperature was between 16 and 30°C and the relative humidity between 28 and 71%. Tomatoes at the pink maturity stage were sampled, treated, and stored for 28 days (11°C). The tomato firmness before treatment was 24.8 N (box samples) and 17.4 N (crate samples) for route 1, whereas it was 22.1 N (box samples) and 20.2 N (crate samples) for route 2. Temperature fluctuation during transportation led to water condensation on tomato surfaces. Tomatoes treated with anolyte water showed the lowest microbial surface burden during storage, with mean aerobic plate counts (APC) of 2.9 log CFU/cm2, coliform counts (CC) of 1.1 log CFU/cm2, and fungal counts (FC) of 2.3 log CFU/cm2. Overall, of the total APC recorded during storage, anolyte-treated samples contributed 9% while chlorinated water-treated samples contributed 30%. Of the total CC, anolyte samples presented 3% while chlorinated water samples made up 12%, and of the total recorded FC, anolyte samples contributed 7% while chlorinated water samples made up 22%. Scanning electron microscopy imaging showed surface cracks, which enable microbial colonization in crate-transported tomatoes. A combination of anolyte treatment and box packaging during transport resulted in the best microbiological quality during storage. The findings of this investigation provide motivation for the adoption of anolyte water as a postharvest disinfection treatment in the tomato industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Sibomana
- Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X0l, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - L W Ziena
- Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X0l, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - S Schmidt
- Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X0l, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - T S Workneh
- Bioresources Engineering, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X0l, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Lorite GS, Rocha JM, Miilumäki N, Saavalainen P, Selkälä T, Morales-Cid G, Gonçalves M, Pongrácz E, Rocha CM, Toth G. Evaluation of physicochemical/microbial properties and life cycle assessment (LCA) of PLA-based nanocomposite active packaging. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mritunjay SK, Kumar V. Microbial Quality, Safety, and Pathogen Detection by Using Quantitative PCR of Raw Salad Vegetables Sold in Dhanbad City, India. J Food Prot 2017; 80:121-126. [PMID: 28221891 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of ready-to-eat fresh vegetables has increased worldwide, with a consequent increase in outbreaks caused by foodborne pathogens. In the Indian subcontinent, raw fresh vegetables are usually consumed without washing or other decontamination procedures, thereby leading to new food safety threats. In this study, the microbiological quality and pathogenic profile of raw salad vegetables was evaluated through standard protocols. In total, 480 samples (60 each of eight different salad vegetables) of cucumber, tomato, carrot, coriander, cabbage, beetroot, radish, and spinach were collected from different locations in Dhanbad, a city famous for its coal fields and often called the "Coal Capital of India." The samples were analyzed for total plate count, total coliforms, Escherichia coli , E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes , and Salmonella spp. Incidences of pathogens were detected through quantitative PCR subsequent to isolation. Results showed that 46.7% (for total plate counts) and 30% (for total coliforms) of samples were unacceptable for consumption per the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. Pathogenic microorganisms were detected in 3.7% of total samples. E. coli O157:H7 was detected in three samples of spinach (2) and beetroot ( 1 ); L. monocytogenes was detected in 14 samples of spinach ( 8 ), tomato ( 3 ), cucumber ( 2 ), and radish ( 1 ); and Salmonella spp. were detected in 16 samples of spinach ( 7 ), tomato ( 3 ), beetroot ( 2 ), cucumber ( 2 ), carrot ( 1 ), and radish ( 1 ). Pathogens were not detected in any of the cabbage and coriander samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeet K Mritunjay
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826 004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826 004, Jharkhand, India
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35
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Khalil RK, Gomaa MA. Prevalence and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in fruits and vegetables sold at local street markets in Alexandria, Egypt. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kim YJ, Kim HS, Kim KY, Chon JW, Kim DH, Seo KH. High Occurrence Rate and Contamination Level of Bacillus cereus in Organic Vegetables on Sale in Retail Markets. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:656-660. [PMID: 27992273 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic foods have risen in popularity recently. However, the increased risk of bacterial contamination of organic foods has not been fully evaluated. In this study, 100 samples each of organic and conventional fresh vegetables (55 lettuce samples and 45 sprout samples) sold in South Korea were analyzed for aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus. Although the aerobic bacteria and coliform counts were not significantly different between the two farming types (p > 0.05), the occurrence rate of B. cereus was higher in organically cultivated vegetables compared with those grown conventionally (70% vs. 30%, respectively). The mean contamination level of B. cereus-positive organic samples was also significantly higher (1.86 log colony-forming unit [CFU]/g vs. 0.69 log CFU/g, respectively) (p < 0.05). In addition, six samples of organic vegetables were found to be contaminated with B. cereus at over 4 log CFU/g categorized as unsatisfactory according to Health Protection Agency guideline. The relatively higher occurrence rate of B. cereus in organic vegetables emphasizes the importance of implementing control measures in organic vegetable production and postharvest processing to reduce the risk of food poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ji Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Yeop Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University , Seoul, South Korea
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37
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Jongman M, Korsten L. Assessment of irrigation water quality and microbiological safety of leafy greens in different production systems. J Food Saf 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mosimanegape Jongman
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences; University of Pretoria; Private bag X20, Hatfield Pretoria 0082 South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences; University of Pretoria; Private bag X20, Hatfield Pretoria 0082 South Africa
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38
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Liang WL, Pan YL, Cheng HL, Li TC, Yu PHF, Chan SW. The microbiological quality of take-away raw salmon finger sushi sold in Hong Kong. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Gabriel AA, Aba RPM, Tayamora DJL, Colambo JCR, Siringan MAT, Rosario LMD, Tumlos RB, Ramos HJ. Reference organism selection for microwave atmospheric pressure plasma jet treatment of young coconut liquid endosperm. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Zhang S, Wu Q, Zhang J, Lai Z, Zhu X. Prevalence, genetic diversity, and antibiotic resistance of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in retail ready-to-eat foods in China. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Margot H, Stephan R, Tasara T. Mungo bean sprout microbiome and changes associated with culture based enrichment protocols used in detection of Gram-negative foodborne pathogens. MICROBIOME 2016; 4:48. [PMID: 27600392 PMCID: PMC5012049 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-016-0193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fresh sprouted seeds have been associated with a number of large outbreaks caused by Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli. However, the high number of commensal bacteria found on sprouted seeds hampers the detection of these pathogens. Knowledge about the composition of the sprout microbiome is limited. In this study, the microbiome of mungo bean sprouts and the impact of buffered peptone water (BPW) and Enterobacteriaceae enrichment broth (EE-broth)-based enrichment protocols on this microbiome were investigated. RESULTS Assessments based on aerobic mesophilic colony counts showed similar increases in mungo bean sprout background flora levels independent of the enrichment protocol used. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed a mungo bean sprout microbiome dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. EE-broth enrichment of such samples preserved and increased Proteobacteria dominance while reducing Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes relative abundances. BPW enrichment, however, increased Firmicutes relative abundance while decreasing Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes levels. Both enrichments also lead to various genus level changes within the Protobacteria and Firmicutes phyla. CONCLUSIONS New insights into the microbiome associated with mungo bean sprout and how it is influenced through BPW and EE-broth-based enrichment strategies used for detecting Gram-negative pathogens were generated. BPW enrichment leads to Firmicutes and Proteobacteria dominance, whereas EE-broth enrichment preserves Proteobacteria dominance in the mungo bean sprout samples. By increasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes, BPW also increases the abundance of Gram-positive organisms including some that might inhibit recovery of Gram-negative pathogens. The use of EE-broth, although preserving and increasing the dominance of Proteobacteria, can also hamper the detection of lowly abundant Gram-negative target pathogens due to outgrowth of such organisms by the highly abundant non-target Proteobacteria genera comprising the mungo bean sprout associated background flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Margot
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Taurai Tasara
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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43
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Zheng Q, Mikš-Krajnik M, Yang Y, Lee SM, Lee SC, Yuk HG. Evaluation of real-time PCR coupled with immunomagnetic separation or centrifugation for the detection of healthy and sanitizer-injured Salmonella spp. on mung bean sprouts. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 222:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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44
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Castro-Ibáñez I, López-Gálvez F, Gil MI, Allende A. Identification of sampling points suitable for the detection of microbial contamination in fresh-cut processing lines. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Özilgen S, Özilgen M. General Template for the FMEA Applications in Primary Food Processing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 161:29-69. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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46
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Zheng Q, Mikš-Krajnik M, D'Souza C, Yang Y, Heo DJ, Kim SK, Lee SC, Yuk HG. Growth of healthy and sanitizer-injured Salmonella cells on mung bean sprouts in different commercial enrichment broths. Food Microbiol 2015; 52:159-68. [PMID: 26338131 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability of nine commercial broths to enrich healthy and 90% sanitizer-injured Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella cocktail on mung bean sprouts was evaluated to select an optimum broth for detection. Results showed that S. Typhimurium multiplied faster and reached a higher population in buffered peptone water (BPW), Salmonella AD media (AD) and ONE broth-Salmonella (OB), compared with other broths. Healthy and 90% sanitizer-injured Salmonella at low concentrations increased by 4.0 log CFU/ml in these three broths. However, no Salmonella growth was observed in lactose broth (LB). Further investigation showed that during incubation, pH of LB dropped from 6.7 to 4.2, due to production of lactic (66 mM) and acetic acids (62 mM) by lactic acid bacteria that were identified as dominant microbiota in bean sprouts. Though no cell membrane damage was detected by propidium monoazide combined with real-time PCR, it was found that LB inhibited Salmonella growth, especially from low inoculum levels. This study suggests that in consideration of effectiveness and cost, BPW would be a suitable enrichment broth to use for isolating and detecting Salmonella on mung bean sprouts, while using LB might cause false negative results in Salmonella detection by either PCR or standard cultural method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwang Zheng
- Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Marta Mikš-Krajnik
- Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore; Chair of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Craig D'Souza
- Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yishan Yang
- Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Da-Jeong Heo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Changwon, 631-701, South Korea
| | - Si-Kyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Changwon, 631-701, South Korea
| | - Seung-Cheol Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Changwon, 631-701, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Gyun Yuk
- Food Science & Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, No. 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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47
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Kim HS, Kim YJ, Chon JW, Kim DH, Kim KY, Seo KH. Citrobacter braakii
: A Major Cause of False-Positive Results on MacConkey and Levine's Eosin Methylene Blue Selective Agars Used for the Isolation of Escherichia Coli
from Fresh Vegetable Samples. J Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Seok Kim
- KU Center for Food Safety; College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-701 South Korea
| | - Young-Ji Kim
- KU Center for Food Safety; College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-701 South Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- KU Center for Food Safety; College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-701 South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- KU Center for Food Safety; College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-701 South Korea
| | - Kwang-Yeop Kim
- KU Center for Food Safety; College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-701 South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- KU Center for Food Safety; College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-701 South Korea
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48
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Chong JX, Lai S, Yang H. Chitosan combined with calcium chloride impacts fresh-cut honeydew melon by stabilising nanostructures of sodium-carbonate-soluble pectin. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Graça A, Santo D, Esteves E, Nunes C, Abadias M, Quintas C. Evaluation of microbial quality and yeast diversity in fresh-cut apple. Food Microbiol 2015; 51:179-85. [PMID: 26187843 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present work's aim was to study the microbial quality of minimally processed apples commercialized in Portugal. Sixty eight samples of fresh-cut apple were analyzed before their best-before date in 2011 and 2012 for aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms, total coliforms, lactic-acid bacteria (LAB), coagulase-positive staphylococci and fungi. The parameters of food safety studied were Cronobacter sakazakii, Salmonella spp. and Listeria sp. Samples were analyzed according to standard methodologies and using Chromocult Agar for coliforms and Escherichia coli. The yeasts were identified by restriction analysis of the ITS-5.8S rDNA-region and 26S rDNA partial sequencing. The mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms ranged from 3.3 to 8.9 and from 4.9 to 8.4 log CFU/g, respectively. Coliforms were detected in all the samples and staphylococci in 5.8% of them. LAB numbers varied from 2.8 to 8.7 and fungi (yeast and molds) from 3.6 to 7.1 log CFU/g. The most common yeasts were Candida sake and Pichia fermentans followed by Hanseniaspora spp., Candida spp., Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Cryptococcus spp. and the psychrotrophic Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum. Foodborne bacteria and opportunistic pathogenic yeasts were not detected in the apples studied. The results obtained respected the European Commission regulation regarding criteria of food hygiene and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Graça
- Universidade do Algarve, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Campus da Penha and Meditbio Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas and ICAAM, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - David Santo
- Universidade do Algarve, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Campus da Penha and Meditbio Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Esteves
- Universidade do Algarve, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Campus da Penha and Centro de Ciências do Mar da Algarve CCMAR-CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Edifício 7, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Carla Nunes
- Centro Empresarial Gambelas, Pav. F-16, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Maribel Abadias
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Célia Quintas
- Universidade do Algarve, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Campus da Penha and Meditbio Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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50
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Matan N, Puangjinda K, Phothisuwan S, Nisoa M. Combined antibacterial activity of green tea extract with atmospheric radio-frequency plasma against pathogens on fresh-cut dragon fruit. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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