1
|
Mahmudiono T, Mazaheri Y, Sadighara P, Akbarlou Z, Hoseinvandtabar S, Fakhri Y. Prevalence and concentration of aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A in cheese: a global systematic review and meta-analysis and probabilistic risk assessment. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 0:reveh-2023-0069. [PMID: 37800701 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mycotoxins such as aflatoxins can endanger human health, especially infants and children. In this study, an attempt was made to retrieved studies related to the concentration of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and ochratoxin A (OTA). Search was performed in international databases such as Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for the period 1 January 2010 to 20 February 2023. Then, the pooled concentration in the defined subgroups was calculated using meta-analysis and the health risk assessment was conducted by margin of exposure (MOEs). Thirty-one scientific papers with 34 data reports (Sample size=2,277) were included in our study. The lowest and highest prevalence of AFM1 in cheese was related to El Salvador (12.18 %) and Serbia (100.00 %). The pooled prevalence of AFM1 was 49.85 %, 95 %CI (37.93-61.78 %). The lowest and highest prevalence of OTA in cheese was related to Türkiye (6.67 %) and Italy (44.21 %). The pooled prevalence of OTA was 35.64 %, 95 %CI (17.16-56.44 %). Health risk of AFM1 revealed that except Pakistan and Iran, MOE in the other countries was lower than 10,000 for adults and also except Pakistan, MOE for other countries was lower than 10,000 for children. Health risk of OTA revealed that except Greece, MOE in the other countries was higher than 10,000 for adults and also except Germany and Greece, MOE for other countries was higher than 10,000 for children. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct control plans to reduce the concentration of mycotoxins in cheese, especially AFM1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yeganeh Mazaheri
- Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Akbarlou
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hoseinvandtabar
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Multiple Year Influences of the Aflatoxin Biocontrol Product AF-X1 on the A. flavus Communities Associated with Maize Production in Italy. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030184. [PMID: 36977075 PMCID: PMC10057891 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AF-X1 is a commercial aflatoxin biocontrol product containing the non-aflatoxigenic (AF-) strain of Aspergillus flavus MUCL54911 (VCG IT006), endemic to Italy, as an active ingredient. The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term persistence of VCG IT006 in the treated fields, and the multi-year influence of the biocontrol application on the A. flavus population. Soil samples were collected in 2020 and 2021 from 28 fields located in four provinces in north Italy. A vegetative compatibility analysis was conducted to monitor the occurrence of VCG IT006 on the total of the 399 isolates of A. flavus that were collected. IT006 was present in all the fields, mainly in the fields treated for 1 yr or 2 consecutive yrs (58% and 63%, respectively). The densities of the toxigenic isolates, detected using the aflR gene, were 45% vs. 22% in the untreated and treated fields, respectively. After displacement via the AF- deployment, a variability from 7% to 32% was noticed in the toxigenic isolates. The current findings support the long-term durability of the biocontrol application benefits without deleterious effects on each fungal population. Nevertheless, based on the current results, as well as on previous studies, the yearly applications of AF-X1 to Italian commercial maize fields should continue.
Collapse
|
3
|
Manca G, Ru A, Siddi G, Murittu G, Luigi De Santis EP. The effect of seasonality on the biogenic amines, free amino acids, and physico-chemical composition of raw milk Fiore Sardo cheese produced in Sardinia (Italy). Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
4
|
Tolosa J, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Ruiz MJ, Vila-Donat P. Multi-mycotoxin occurrence in feed, metabolism and carry-over to animal-derived food products: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112661. [PMID: 34762978 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The world requests for raw materials used in animal feed has been steadily rising in the last years driven by higher demands for livestock production. Mycotoxins are frequent toxic metabolites present in these raw materials. The exposure of farm animals to mycotoxins could result in undesirable residues in animal-derived food products. Thus, the potential ingestion of edible animal products (milk, meat and fish) contaminated with mycotoxins constitutes a public health concern, since they enter the food chain and may cause adverse effects upon human health. The present review summarizes the state-of-the-art on the occurrence of mycotoxins in feed, their metabolism and carry-over into animal source foodstuffs, focusing particularly on the last decade. Maximum levels (MLs) for various mycotoxins have been established for a number of raw feed materials and animal food products. Such values are sometimes exceeded, however. Aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FBs), ochratoxin A (OTA), trichothecenes (TCs) and zearalenone (ZEN) are the most prevalent mycotoxins in animal feed, with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) predominating in milk and dairy products, and OTA in meat by-products. The co-occurrence of mycotoxins in feed raw materials tends to be the rule rather than the exception, and the carry-over of mycotoxins from feed to animal source foods is more than proven.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tolosa
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia, 46100, Spain
| | - Y Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia, 46100, Spain
| | - M J Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia, 46100, Spain
| | - P Vila-Donat
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia, 46100, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdullah Murshed SA, Rizwan M, Akbar F, Zaman N, Suleman M, Shujait Ali S. Analysis of the Aflatoxin M1 contamination in traditional and commercial cheeses consumed in Yemen. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Safwan Ahmad Abdullah Murshed
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology University of Peshawar KP Pakistan
- Yemen Standardization, Metrology and Quality Control Organization Yemen
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology University of Swat Swat KP Pakistan
| | - Fazal Akbar
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology University of Swat Swat KP Pakistan
| | - Nasib Zaman
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology University of Swat Swat KP Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology University of Swat Swat KP Pakistan
| | - Syed Shujait Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology University of Swat Swat KP Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The prevalence and concentration of aflatoxin M1 among different types of cheeses: A global systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
7
|
Fusco V, Chieffi D, Fanelli F, Logrieco AF, Cho G, Kabisch J, Böhnlein C, Franz CMAP. Microbial quality and safety of milk and milk products in the 21st century. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2013-2049. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Fusco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Daniele Chieffi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Gyu‐Sung Cho
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyMax‐Rubner Institut Kiel Germany
| | - Jan Kabisch
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyMax‐Rubner Institut Kiel Germany
| | - Christina Böhnlein
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyMax‐Rubner Institut Kiel Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Serraino A, Bonilauri P, Kerekes K, Farkas Z, Giacometti F, Canever A, Zambrini AV, Ambrus Á. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk Marketed in Italy: Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2516. [PMID: 31787941 PMCID: PMC6856139 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study is based on the AFM1 contamination of milk determined from April 2013 to December 2018 in the framework of a self-control plan of six milk processing plants in Italy. These data – together with the consumption data of milk consumers – were evaluated and used for the calculation of the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), the Hazard Index (HI), and the fraction of hepatocarcinoma cases (HCC) due to AFM1 exposure in different population groups. Altogether a total of 31,702 milk samples were analyzed, representing 556,413 tons of milk, which is an outstanding amount compared to published studies. The results indicate the monthly fluctuation of AFM1 levels through a period of nearly 6 years. The EDI of AFM1 in different population groups was in the range of 0.025–0.328 ng kg−1 body weight (bw) per day, based on the average consumption levels and weighted mean contamination of the milk in the study period. Considering average consumptions, in the groups of infants and toddlers, the HI calculation resulted in 1.64 and 1.4, respectively, while for older age groups, it was <1. The estimated fractions of HCC incidences attributable to the AFM1 intakes were 0.005 and 0.004 cases per 100,000 individuals in the 0–0.9 and 1–2.9-year age groups, respectively, and below 0.004 cases in the other age categories. The monthly average AFM1 contamination of tested milk consignments ranged between 7.19 and 22.53 ng kg−1. Although the results of this extensive investigation showed a low risk of HCC, the variability of climatic conditions throughout years that influence AFB1 contamination of feed and consequently AFM1 contamination of milk justifies their continuous monitoring and update of the risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonilauri
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Kata Kerekes
- Department of Food Safety Planning and Monitoring, System Management and Supervision Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Farkas
- Department of Food Safety Planning and Monitoring, System Management and Supervision Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Canever
- Department of Quality, Innovation, Safety, Environment, Granarolo S.p.A., Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Árpád Ambrus
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pecorelli I, Branciari R, Roila R, Bibi R, Ranucci D, Onofri A, Valiani A. Evaluation of Aflatoxin M 1 Enrichment Factor in Semihard Cow's Milk Cheese and Correlation with Cheese Yield. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1176-1182. [PMID: 31233360 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS The aflatoxin M1 content in milk was not related to the enrichment factor. The enrichment factor in 45-day ripened semihard cheese was defined. The enrichment factor in cheese is affected by cheese yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Pecorelli
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati," Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - R Branciari
- 2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4-06126 Perugia, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4428-9016 [R. Branciari])
| | - R Roila
- 2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4-06126 Perugia, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4428-9016 [R. Branciari])
| | - R Bibi
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati," Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - D Ranucci
- 2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4-06126 Perugia, Italy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4428-9016 [R. Branciari])
| | - A Onofri
- 3 Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74-06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Valiani
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati," Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Camarillo EH, Ramirez-Martinez A, Carvajal-Moreno M, Vargas-Ortíz M, Wesolek N, Rodriguez Jimenes GDC, Garcia Alvarado MÁ, Roudot AC, Salgado Cervantes MA, Robles-Olvera VJ. Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 and M2 exposure risk through Oaxaca cheese consumption in southeastern Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:202-213. [PMID: 29560730 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1453054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the exposure of Southeast Mexican population to Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and M2 (AFM2) through the consumption of Oaxaca cheese. The intake of Oaxaca cheese was assessed via a food 7-day dairy questionnaire (N = 1100, 2014 and 2015). Thirty Oaxaca cheeses were randomly sampled, and the origin of the samples was also investigated. AFM1 and AFM2 were quantified by HPLC-FD. The exposure was assessed through the combination of the Probabilistic Density Functions (probabilistic approach). The percentage of the population at risk was calculated through the population exceeding the toxicological reference values (TDI). The risk assessment revealed that the population at higher risk to AFM1 and AFM2 was the children, followed by the adolescents and adult women. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to assess the exposure risk of different age groups of a population to AFM1 and AFM2 through the consumption of cheese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estela Hernández Camarillo
- a Food Engineering Department , Tecnológico Nacional de México - Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Huatusco , Huatusco , Mexico
| | - Alejandra Ramirez-Martinez
- b Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos , Tecnológico Nacional de México - Instituto Tecnologico de Veracruz , Veracruz , Mexico
| | - Magda Carvajal-Moreno
- c Department of Botany , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Manuel Vargas-Ortíz
- d CONACYT-CIAD (Centro de Investigación enAlimentación y Desarrollo) , Coordinación Culiacán , Mexico
| | - Nathalie Wesolek
- e Laboratoire de Toxicologie Alimentaire et Cellulaire , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Garcia Alvarado
- b Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos , Tecnológico Nacional de México - Instituto Tecnologico de Veracruz , Veracruz , Mexico
| | - Alain-Claude Roudot
- e Laboratoire de Toxicologie Alimentaire et Cellulaire , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
| | - Marco Antonio Salgado Cervantes
- b Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos , Tecnológico Nacional de México - Instituto Tecnologico de Veracruz , Veracruz , Mexico
| | - Victor J Robles-Olvera
- b Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos , Tecnológico Nacional de México - Instituto Tecnologico de Veracruz , Veracruz , Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Evaluation of the concentration factor of aflatoxin M1 in a semi-hard Pecorino cheese obtained from naturally contaminated milk. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Shahbazi Y, Nikousefat Z, Karami N. Occurrence, seasonal variation and risk assessment of exposure to aflatoxin M 1 in Iranian traditional cheeses. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
13
|
Sharifzadeh A, Ghasemi-Dehkordi P, Foroughi M, Mardanpour-Shahrekordi E, Ramazi S. Aflatoxin M1 Contamination Levels in Cheeses Sold in Isfahan Province, Iran. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017; 8:260-263. [PMID: 28904848 PMCID: PMC5594714 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.4.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1)-contaminated dairy products pose serious human health risks, causing liver and renal failure if consumed. They are also related to decreased milk and egg production in infected animals. This study investigated the AFM1 contamination levels in cheeses sold in Isfahan province, Iran, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). METHODS A total of 100 white cheese samples were randomly collected from supermarkets in Isfahan province and after extraction using dichloromethane were prepared for the ELISA. RESULTS Of the 100 samples, 52 (52%) were contaminated by AFM1, at levels ranging from 50.2 to 424.4 ng/kg. The remaining 48% of the samples had undetectable AFM1 levels (< 50 ng/kg). Based on the standard limit set by the European Commission and Iran, 8% (8/100) of the AFM1-positive samples (with concentrations between 250.2 and 424.4 ng/kg) had levels higher than the permissible value of 250 ng/kg. CONCLUSION Although the percentage of cheese samples in Isfahan province with AFM1 levels exceeding the national permissible limit was low, the examination of cheeses and the milk used for their production is nevertheless important for ensuring public health. Furthermore, optimum storage conditions of animal feed should be ensured, and livestock nutrition must be monitored for the presence of AFM1 and other aflatoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sharifzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Payam Ghasemi-Dehkordi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohsen Foroughi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Shahin Ramazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Campagnollo FB, Ganev KC, Khaneghah AM, Portela JB, Cruz AG, Granato D, Corassin CH, Oliveira CAF, Sant'Ana AS. The occurrence and effect of unit operations for dairy products processing on the fate of aflatoxin M1: A review. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Pietri A, Mulazzi A, Piva G, Bertuzzi T. Fate of aflatoxin M 1 during production and storage of parmesan cheese. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
Torović L. Aflatoxin M1 in processed milk and infant formulae and corresponding exposure of adult population in Serbia in 2013-2014. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2015; 8:235-44. [PMID: 26125414 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2015.1063094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) occurrence was analysed in 80 samples of milk and 21 samples of infant formulae on the Serbian market, using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. All milk samples collected in 2013 showed AFM1 contamination in the range 0.02-0.32 μg kg(-1), with a mean level of 0.13 μg kg(-1). The EU maximum level for AFM1 in milk (0.05 μg kg(-1)) was exceeded in 75% of the samples. In 2014, AFM1 was found in 83%, 70%, 80% and 58% of the samples collected in April, July, September and December, respectively, exceeding the limit in 5% of the samples taken in July. The additional number of liver cancer cases per year associated with exposure to AFM1 was estimated to be 0.004 in the adult population. Regarding infant formulae, AFM1 was found in only one sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ljilja Torović
- a Center for Hygiene and Human Ecology , Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina , Novi Sad , Serbia.,b Faculty of Medicine , Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Fontaine K, Passeró E, Vallone L, Hymery N, Coton M, Jany JL, Mounier J, Coton E. Occurrence of roquefortine C, mycophenolic acid and aflatoxin M1 mycotoxins in blue-veined cheeses. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
20
|
Cavallarin L, Antoniazzi S, Giaccone D, Tabacco E, Borreani G. Transfer of aflatoxin M1 from milk to ripened cheese in three Italian traditional production methods. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Klarić MŠ, Rašić D, Peraica M. Deleterious effects of mycotoxin combinations involving ochratoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:1965-87. [PMID: 24189375 PMCID: PMC3847710 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin with carcinogenic properties. Its presence was detected in various foodstuffs all over the world but with significantly higher frequency and concentrations in areas with endemic nephropathy (EN). Even though food is often contaminated with more than one mycotoxin, earlier studies focused on the occurrence and toxicology of only OTA. Only a limited number of surveys showed that OTA co-occurs in food with mycotoxins (citrinin-CIT, penicilic acid, fumonisin B1-FB1, aflatoxins-AF) which exert nephrotoxic, carcinogenic or carcinogen-promoting activity. This review summarises the findings on OTA and its co-occurrence with the mentioned mycotoxins in food as well as experimental data on their combined toxicity. Most of the tested mycotoxin mixtures involving OTA produced additive or synergistic effects in experimental models suggesting that these combinations represent a significant health hazard. Special attention should be given to mixtures that include carcinogenic and cancer-promoting mycotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šegvić Klarić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Rašić
- Unit of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails: (D.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Maja Peraica
- Unit of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails: (D.R.); (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Shephard G, Berthiller F, Burdaspal P, Crews C, Jonker M, Krska R, Lattanzio V, MacDonald S, Malone R, Maragos C, Sabino M, Solfrizzo M, van Egmond H, Whitaker T. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2011-2012. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2012.1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights developments in mycotoxin analysis and sampling over a period between mid-2011 and mid- 2012. It covers the major mycotoxins aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxin, patulin, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. A section on mycotoxins in botanicals and spices is also included. Methods for mycotoxin determination continue to be developed using a wide range of analytical systems ranging from rapid immunochemical-based methods to the latest advances in mass spectrometry. This review follows the format of previous reviews in this series (i.e. sections on individual mycotoxins), but due to the rapid spread and developments in the field of multimycotoxin methods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, a separate section has been devoted to advances in this area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G.S. Shephard
- PROMEC Unit, Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - F. Berthiller
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Center for Analytical Chemistry, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin-Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - P.A. Burdaspal
- Spanish Food Safety and Nutrition Agency, National Centre for Food, km 5.100, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - C. Crews
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - M.A. Jonker
- Cluster Natural Toxins and Pesticides, RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R. Krska
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Center for Analytical Chemistry, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin-Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - V.M.T. Lattanzio
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Amendola 122/o, 700126 Bari, Italy
| | - S. MacDonald
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - R.J. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 870 Vossbrink Drive, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- USDA, ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Sabino
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av Dr Arnaldo 355, 01246-902 São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Amendola 122/o, 700126 Bari, Italy
| | - H.P. van Egmond
- Cluster Natural Toxins and Pesticides, RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - T.B. Whitaker
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, N.C. State University, P.O. Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625, USA
| |
Collapse
|