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Lu Q, Xu Z, Chen Z, Qiu G. Effects of foliar application of Zn combined with organic matters on Cd accumulation and its chemical forms in rice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:25182-25191. [PMID: 38466386 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Rice consumption is a key Cd exposure pathway, which poses a health risk to humans. Reducing cadmium (Cd) concentrations in rice remains challenging. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of foliar spray of Zn combined with organic matters (including Zn-lysine (Zn-Lys), Zn-fulvic acid (Zn-FA), Zn-amino acid (Zn-AA), and Zn combined with glutathione (Zn + GSH)) on Cd accumulation in rice grains. Compared with the control group, all treatment groups exhibited reduced Cd concentration in rice grains, while improving plant growth, and reducing Cd transport from other tissues to the grains. Zn-FA was found to be the most effective fertilizer, which considerably reduced Cd concentrations in grains from 0.77 ± 0.068 to 0.14 ± 0.021 mg/kg and yielded reductions of up to 81%, which is within the Chinese food maximum tolerable limit of 0.2 mg/kg. Furthermore, the analysis of the chemical forms of Cd of rice tissues indicated that the treatment groups had increased proportions of integrated with pectates and protein in the stems. Except for the group treated with Zn-Lys spray, the percentages of undissolved Cd phosphate in the leaves were increased in all treatment groups, which reduced Cd toxicity to rice plants. The foliar application of Zn combined with organic matters may be a promising strategy to decrease Cd concentration in rice grains cultivated in severely Cd-contaminated agricultural soil, particularly in the karst area in southwest China with limited available cultivable agricultural land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhui Lu
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environment Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Zhidong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Guangle Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
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2
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Wang H, Liu M, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Wang Q, Gu Y, Song X, Li Y, Ye Y, Wang F, Chen X, Wang Z. Foliar spraying of Zn/Si affects Cd accumulation in paddy grains by regulating the remobilization and transport of Cd in vegetative organs. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108351. [PMID: 38217926 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The reduction of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice grains through biofortification of essential nutrients like zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) is an area of study that has gained significant attention. However, there is limited understanding of the mechanism of Zn/Si interaction on Cd accumulation and remobilization in rice plants. This work used a pot experiment to examine the effects of Zn and Si applied singly or in combination on the physiological metabolism of Cd in different rice organs under Cd stress. The results revealed that: Zn/Si application led to a significant decrease in root Cd concentration and reduce the value of Tf Soil-Root in filling stage. The content of phytochelatin (PCs, particularly PC2) and glutathione (GSH) in roots, top and basal nodes were increased with Zn/Si treatment application. Furthermore, Zn/Si treatment promoted the distribution of Cd in cell wall during Cd stress. These findings suggest that Zn/Si application facilitates the compartmentalization of Cd within subcellular structures and enhances PCs production in vegetative organs, thereby reducing Cd remobilization. Zn/Si treatment upregulated the metabolism of amino acid components involved in osmotic regulation, secondary metabolite synthesis, and plant chelating peptide synthesis in vegetative organs. Additionally, it significantly decreased the accumulation of Cd in globulin, albumin, and glutelin, resulting in an average reduction of 50.87% in Cd concentration in milled rice. These results indicate that Zn/Si nutrition plays a crucial role in mitigating heavy metal stress and improving the nutritional quality of rice by regulating protein composition and coordinating amino acid metabolism balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicong Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Mingsong Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Qin Jiang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Qingping Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Yuqin Gu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Xinping Song
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yuxiu Ye
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, PR China
| | - Feibing Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, PR China
| | - Xinhong Chen
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, PR China
| | - Zunxin Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, PR China.
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Shi Y, Wang X, Feng C, Chen W, Yang S. Adsorption Properties of Natural Zeolite Supported by Chitosan on Cd(II) in Micropolluted Irrigation Water. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:573-584. [PMID: 38222656 PMCID: PMC10785632 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This study utilized a 1% chitosan solution (dissolved in 2% acetic acid), with a chitosan-to-zeolite mass ratio of 0.005, to successfully prepare chitosan-loaded natural zeolite. The performance of chitosan-modified natural zeolite in the removal of low-concentration cadmium ions in the presence of micropollutants was investigated. The adsorbent was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The impact of modified adsorbent dosage, pH value, contact time, temperature, and initial concentration on adsorption performance was discussed. Additionally, the adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of cadmium on chitosan-modified zeolites were analyzed. The results indicated that the modified zeolite exhibited a dispersed and porous structure with increased surface area, average pore size, and total pore volume. Under the conditions of 25 °C, pH 6, a dosage of 8 g/L, and a 60 min adsorption reaction time, chitosan-loaded natural zeolite (CNZ) achieved a removal efficiency of over 94.51% for a 100 μg/L cadmium solution (in a 100 mL volume). The adsorption process followed the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer adsorption. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order equation, indicating an exothermic process with an increase in entropy. Chitosan-loaded natural zeolite demonstrated improved adsorption capacity and effectively removed cadmium from water contaminated with micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- School
of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center for Effificient Utilization of Water Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School
of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Changping Feng
- School
of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School
of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shipeng Yang
- School
of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Yang S, Zhou Q, Sun L, Sun Y, Qin Q, Song K, Zhu Z, Liu X, Xue Y. A prospective health risks analysis of regulatory limits for heavy metals in rice from representative organizations and countries worldwide: Are they protective? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:167130. [PMID: 37751841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals contamination in rice has been one of the most public concerns globally; thus, many countries and organizations issued the maximum acceptable limits (MALs) of their concentrations in rice to regulate food safety and health risks. However, the applicability of these MALs has rarely been thoroughly evaluated. This study collected the MALs of heavy metals for rice from representative countries and organizations around the world. We assessed the critical health risks in the case of metal concentrations that reached the MALs for the first time. Results showed great variability of rice regulation limits owing to different processing methods (paddy, polished, and brown rice) and metal types (mainly focusing on inorganic As, Cd, and Pb). Risk analysis revealed that the inorganic As limits and part of Cd limits for polished rice generated relatively high health risks, indicating that their risks may be underestimated. Monte Carlo simulation further showed that the daily intake rate of rice (IRrice) is the largest contributor to total variances for the derivation of MALs, and regulation limits decreased with the augment of IRrice. Overall, we suggest a cautious reduction in the allowable limits of certain metals (such as inorganic As and part of Cd) in rice as their health risks and toxicity may be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Yang
- Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 201403, China
| | - Qianhang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 201418, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 201403, China
| | - Yafei Sun
- Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 201403, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 201403, China
| | - Ke Song
- Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 201403, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhu
- Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 201403, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong Xue
- Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 201403, China.
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Bandara S, Rajapaksha AU, Kandasamy A, Hettithanthri O, Magana-Arachchi D, Wanigatunge R, Jayasinghe C, Vithanage M. Food-mediated exposure of Hofmeister ions in Oryza sativa (Rice) from selected CKDu endemic regions in Sri Lanka. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8417-8432. [PMID: 37634177 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine selected Hofmeister anions and cations that are important for kidney health, in raw rice samples from selected Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) endemic and non-endemic areas in Sri Lanka and their intake. The anions and cations were analyzed by Ion Chromatography and Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES), respectively, after alkaline and acid digestion in thirty raw rice samples each from CKDu endemic and non-endemic areas, and the dietary intake was estimated. The mean concentrations of fluoride (F-), chloride (Cl-), phosphate (PO43-), sulfate (SO42-), sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca2+) in raw rice in CKDu endemic areas were 53.317, 1515.3, 2799.6, 2704.9, 30.603, 300.76, 1001.3, and 90.075 mg/kg, respectively. The mean concentration of the anions and cations in raw rice from CKDu non-endemic areas were 22.850, 947.52, 4418.7, 6080.2, 23.862, 364.45, 955.78, and 96.780 mg/kg, respectively. Significantly higher differences (p < 0.05) were reported in the mean concentration of F-, Cl-, and Na+ in raw rice from CKDu endemic areas in comparison with the samples from non-endemic areas. The aggregated estimated daily intake (EDI) and cumulative EDI of F- via consumption of cooked non-traditional samba rice from CKDu endemic areas for adults were the highest (0.155 and 0.172 mg/kg bw/d, respectively), which were higher than the recommended tolerable upper intake value (0.15-0.2 mg/kg bw/d). In contrast, the traditional rice from CKDu non-endemic areas for adolescents, reported the lowest values (0.0210 and 0.0470 mg/kg bw/d, respectively). Adults who consume non-traditional samba rice from CKDu endemic areas were at health risk, while children were the most vulnerable group due to their low body weight. These results indicate that the consumption of rice rich in Hofmeister ions may contribute to the total intake and act as risk factors to negatively affect weak kidneys in CKDu endemic areas. Further research to analyze Hofmeister ions in cooked rice and rice from different countries is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanduni Bandara
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
- Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - Anokshan Kandasamy
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila (NWP), Sri Lanka
| | - Oshadi Hettithanthri
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Dhammika Magana-Arachchi
- Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Rasika Wanigatunge
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Dalugama, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Chamila Jayasinghe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila (NWP), Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
- Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Yang S, Yang D, Taylor D, He M, Liu X, Xu J. Tracking cadmium pollution from source to receptor: A health-risk focused transfer continuum approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161574. [PMID: 36640872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure poses a substantial risk to human health. Despite this, the multi-stage process through which Cd is released to the environment before being taken up and impacting human receptors has rarely been investigated. Here we utilized an integrated model involving Cd emissions, atmospheric transport, deposition, uptake by rice, receptor ingestion and metabolic processing in quantifying the critical emission sources and human health risks of Cd. Atmospheric Cd emissions in the study area in southeastern China were estimated at 147 kg (2016), with >53 % of emissions from non-ferrous metals (NFM) smelting activities. Atmospheric Cd depositions caused elevated Cd content in soil and rice, accounting for 3-79 % and 50-85 % of, respectively, soil and rice Cd. Cumulative frequency analysis showed that an estimated 1.3 % of predicted urine Cd through the consumption of Cd-contaminated rice and exceeded existing safety standards (1 μg g-1), thus highlighting the risks posed to health from high levels of Cd pollution. Applying stricter industrial emission standards to the NFM sector in particular and effective soil management practices could substantially reduce exposure to Cd pollution. The results contribute to understanding of the Cd transfer process and draw attention to the relative health benefits of interventions aimed at mitigating Cd levels and exposure risks at different stages along the Cd transfer continuum from source to receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Yang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Eco-Environmental Protection Institution, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 201403, China
| | - Dong Yang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - David Taylor
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 117650, Singapore
| | - Mingjiang He
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianming Xu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Determination of Soil Cadmium Safety Thresholds for Food Production in a Rice-Crayfish Coculture System. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233828. [PMID: 36496637 PMCID: PMC9740835 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have mainly focused on cadmium (Cd) contamination in conventional rice monocultures, and no research on rice-crayfish coculture has been reported. In this study, a Cd-contaminated (0−30 mg kg−1) rice-crayfish co-culture system was established by adding exogenous Cd. The results showed that the Cd concentration in each tissue of rice and each organ of crayfish increased with increasing soil Cd concentration. Specifically, the Cd concentration in each rice tissue was as follows: root > stem > leaf ≈ panicle > grain > brown rice, and the jointing and heading stages were critical periods for the rapid enrichment of Cd in the aboveground tissues of rice. The Cd concentration in each organ of crayfish was as follows: hepatopancreas > gut > gill ≈ exoskeleton > abdominal muscle. Cd was gradually enriched in the abdominal muscle after 30 days of coculture between crayfish and rice. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the soil’s total Cd concentration, available Cd concentration, and water Cd concentration were positively correlated with Cd content in various tissues of rice and various organs of crayfish, whereas EC and TDS in water were markedly related to rice stems, leaves, stalks, and small crayfish. According to the maximum limit of Cd in grain (0.2 mg kg−1) and crustacean aquatic products (0.5 mg kg−1) in China, the safe threshold of soil Cd for rice and crayfish under the rice-crayfish coculture system is 3.67 and 14.62 mg kg−1, respectively. Therefore, when the soil Cd concentration in the rice-crayfish coculture system exceeds 3.67 mg kg−1, the safety risk to humans through the consumption of food from this coculture system will increase. This study provides a theoretical basis for safe food production in a rice-crayfish coculture system using the established Cd pollution model.
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Mao P, Wu J, Li F, Sun S, Huang R, Zhang L, Mo J, Li Z, Zhuang P. Joint approaches to reduce cadmium exposure risk from rice consumption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128263. [PMID: 35074746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In-situ soil cadmium (Cd) immobilization helps to reduce Cd accumulation in rice grain, while its effects on bioaccessibility of Cd in rice during digestion and the associated health risk from rice consumption remain unclear. Here, we combined in-situ soil Cd immobilization and bioaccessibility-corrected health risk assessment (HRA) to minimize both the risk and uncertainty of Cd exposure from rice consumption. Wollastonite with or without four different phosphates (P) were applied to immobilize soil Cd at paddy fields, and their influences on Cd, essential elements, and amino acids in rice grain were analyzed. Moreover, a bioaccessibility-corrected HRA was conducted to accurately reflect the Cd exposure risk from ingesting these rices. The results showed the co-application of wollastonite and four different P reduced Cd concentrations in rice grain equally, while their impacts on bioaccessibility of Cd in rice during simulated human digestion were inconsistent (53-71%). The HRA based on bioaccessibility of Cd in rice revealed that Cd exposure risk from rice consumption was lowest with the application of wollastonite, followed by the co-application of wollastonite and sodium hexametaphosphate. This work highlights the value of bioaccessibility-corrected HRA for screening the optimal Cd immobilization strategy to achieve safer rice consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingtao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, and School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jiangming Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | - Ping Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
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9
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Luo H, Gu R, Ouyang H, Wang L, Shi S, Ji Y, Bao B, Liao G, Xu B. Cadmium exposure induces osteoporosis through cellular senescence, associated with activation of NF-κB pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118043. [PMID: 34479166 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal toxicant as a common pollutant derived from many agricultural and industrial sources. The absorption of Cd takes place primarily through Cd-contaminated food and water and, to a significant extent, via inhalation of Cd-contaminated air and cigarette smoking. Epidemiological data suggest that occupational or environmental exposure to Cd increases the health risk for osteoporosis and spontaneous fracture such as itai-itai disease. However, the direct effects and underlying mechanism(s) of Cd exposure on bone damage are largely unknown. We used primary bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) and found that Cd significantly induced BMMSC cellular senescence through over-activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Increased cell senescence was determined by production of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), cell cycle arrest and upregulation of p21/p53/p16INK4a protein expression. Additionally, Cd impaired osteogenic differentiation and increased adipogenesis of BMMSCs, and significantly induced cellular senescence-associated defects such as mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were chronically exposed to Cd to verify that Cd significantly increased adipocyte number, and decreased mineralization tissues of bone marrow in vivo. Interestingly, we observed that Cd exposure remarkably retarded bone repair and regeneration after operation of skull defect. Notably, pretreatment of melatonin is able to partially prevent Cd-induced some senescence-associated defects of BMMSCs including mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. Although Cd activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, rapamycin only partially ameliorated Cd-induced cell apoptosis rather than cellular senescence phenotypes of BMMSCs. In addition, a selective NF-κB inhibitor moderately alleviated Cd-caused the senescence-related defects of the BMMSCs. The study shed light on the action and mechanism of Cd on osteoporosis and bone ageing, and may provide a novel option to ameliorate the harmful effects of Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huigen Luo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Renjie Gu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiya Ouyang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanwei Shi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuna Ji
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baicheng Bao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guiqing Liao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Heavy Metal in Rice and Vegetable and Human Exposure near a Large Pb/Zn Smelter in Central China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312631. [PMID: 34886356 PMCID: PMC8657013 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-ferrous metal smelting is a significant source of anthropogenic heavy metal emission and has led to severe environmental pollution that ultimately threatens the health of local residents. In this study, we determined concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), as well as Pb isotopic compositions in rice, vegetables and human hair in areas surrounding the Zhuzhou Pb/Zn smelter in Hunan, China and we assessed the health risks associated with rice and vegetable consumption for local residents. Results showed that rice and vegetable samples were significantly contaminated by Cd and Pb. Age and source of rice were important factors for the enrichment of heavy metal concentrations in human hair. The ratios of Pb isotopes in human hair (1.164-1.170 for 206Pb/207Pb and 2.102-2.110 for208Pb/206Pb) were comparable to those in rice (1.162-1.172 for 206Pb/207Pb and 2.098-2.114 for208Pb/206Pb) and were slightly lower than those in vegetables (1.168-1.172 for 206Pb/207Pb and 2.109-2.111 for208Pb/206Pb), indicating that Pb in human hair mainly originated from food ingestion. A non-carcinogenic risk assessment showed that Cd exposure was the dominant health risk for local residents. This study suggested that crops planted surrounding the smelter were seriously contaminated with Cd and human exposure was related to dietary intake.
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Li Z, Chi H, Zhu W, Yang G, Song J, Mo L, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Xu F, Yang J, He Z, Yang X. Cadmium induces renal inflammation by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome through ROS/MAPK/NF-κB pathway in vitro and in vivo. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3497-3513. [PMID: 34510229 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has been reported to induce kidney damage by triggering oxidative stress and inflammation. The NLR family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been implicated a role in the pathogenesis of inflammation. However, the connection between Cd and NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of renal inflammation remains unknown. In this study, in vitro experiments based on the telomerase-immortalized human renal proximal-tubule epithelial cell line (RPTEC/TERT1) were carried out. Results revealed that CdCl2 (2-8 μM) increased ROS production and activated NLRP3, thereby enhancing secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 (P < 0.05). Knock-down of NLRP3 rescued the RPTEC/TERT1 cells from Cd-induced inflammatory damage. Cd activated the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in RPTEC/TERT1 cells (P < 0.05). In addition, treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) improved inflammation and blocked the upregulation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Pre-treatment with MAPK and NF-κB inhibitors also suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation (P < 0.05). Moreover, CdCl2 (25-00 mg/L) stimulated the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, and increased inflammatory response (P < 0.05) leading to renal injury in rats. Exposure to cadmium elevated serum levels of NLRP3 and IL-1β in populations (P < 0.05). Further analysis found that serum NLRP3 and IL-1β levels were positively correlated with urine cadmium (UCd) and urine N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG). Overall, Cd induced renal inflammation through the ROS/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our research thus provides new insights into the molecular mechanism that NLRP3 contributes to Cd-induced kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Li
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Chi
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Song
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Mo
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitian Zhang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudi Deng
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiani Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhini He
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Xu FF, Song J, Li YQ, Lai YF, Lin J, Pan JL, Chi HQ, Wang Y, Li ZY, Zhang GQ, Cai ZF, Liang XX, Ma AD, Tan CT, Wu WL, Yang XF. Bioaccessibility and bioavailability adjusted dietary exposure of cadmium for local residents from a high-level environmental cadmium region. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126550. [PMID: 34252664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The critical health risks caused by cadmium (Cd) via dietary exposure are commonly assessed by detecting Cd concentrations in foods. Differently, in this study, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Cd in major local harvests were introduced to assess the dietary exposure of local residents from a high-level environmental Cd region. The results indicated that certain Cd was released into the digestive juice after in vitro digestion with a bioaccessibility of 20-63% for rice and 3-32% for leafy vegetables, and the released portion was partially absorbed by Caco-2 cells with a bioavailability of 2-21% for rice and 0.2-13% for leafy vegetables. The results obtained from the toxicokinetic model revealed that the predicted urinary Cd values from the estimated daily intake (EDI) of Cd, which accounted for bioaccessibility and bioavailability, were consistent with the actual measured values, and the EDIs were considerably lower than the acceptable daily intake. This suggests that the bioaccessibility and bioavailability adjusted dietary Cd exposure should be more precise. The key issues addressed in our study implores that a potential health risk cannot be neglected in people with high consumption of rice from high-level zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Xu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jia Song
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yue-Qi Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yue-Fei Lai
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jun Lin
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jia-Liang Pan
- Hygiene Detection Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Hui-Qin Chi
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zi-Yin Li
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Gao-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zhan-Fan Cai
- Guangdong Institute of Food Inspection (Guangdong Inspection Center of Wine and Spirits), Guangzhou 510435, PR China
| | - Xu-Xia Liang
- Guangdong Institute of Food Inspection (Guangdong Inspection Center of Wine and Spirits), Guangzhou 510435, PR China
| | - An-De Ma
- Hygiene Detection Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Chu-Ting Tan
- Department of Nutrition, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, PR China
| | - Wei-Liang Wu
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
| | - Xing-Fen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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13
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Chen Z, Shi K, Kuang W, Huang L. Exploration of the optimal strategy for dietary calcium intervention against the toxicity of liver and kidney induced by cadmium in mice: An in vivo diet intervention study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250885. [PMID: 33974642 PMCID: PMC8112675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic non-essential element, while calcium (Ca) is an essential element with high chemical similarity to Cd. Dietary intake is the major Cd exposure pathway for non-smokers. A multi-concentration dietary intervention experiment was designed to explore the optimum concentration of Ca in diet with obvious protective effects against the toxicity of livers and kidneys induced by Cd in mice. The mice were divided into six groups with different concentrations of Cd and Ca in their food: control-group (no Cd or Ca), Ca-group (100 g/kg Ca, without Cd), Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, without Ca), CaL+Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, 2 g/kg Ca), CaM+Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, 20 g/kg Ca) and CaH+Cd-group (2 mg/kg Cd, 100 g/kg Ca). The organ indexes, oxidative stress biomarkers, lesions and Cd concentrations were detected after a 30-day exposure period. Results showed that serum Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) level in CaH+Cd-group was significantly lower than that in Cd-group, while close to that in control-group. The contents of Serum Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) in different groups showed the same trend. Concentrations of all oxidative stress biomarkers (GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA) in CaH+Cd-group were close to the normal levels of control-group while significantly different from those in Cd-group. The only exception was the Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in kidneys. This study suggests that Ca plays a protective role in relieving the Cd-induced toxicity of livers and kidneys and a concentration of 100 g/kg for Ca in diet showed the best protective effects. These findings could provide a clue for further studies concerning human diet intervention for Cd control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Kexin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wenjie Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Lu Q, Xu Z, Xu X, Liu L, Liang L, Chen Z, Dong X, Li C, Qiu G. Cadmium exposure as a key risk factor for residents in a world large-scale barite mining district, southwestern China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:129387. [PMID: 33387789 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination is easily generated during the mining and manufacturing of barium (Ba). In this study, concentrations of both Ba and Cd in rice, vegetables, pork, fish, drinking water, and soil samples from an active barite mining district were determined. Daily intakes of Ba and Cd, as well as corresponding health risks, were evaluated. The average total daily exposure doses of Cd were 0.0035 and 0.0012 mg/kg BW/day (geometric mean) in the mining zone (MZ) and the chemical plant zone (PZ), respectively. These values significantly exceed the provisional tolerable monthly intake (25 μg/kg BW/month, equal to 0.00083 mg/kg BW/day). Based on the daily exposure doses, vegetable consumption was the most significant Ba exposure route for residents, contributing around 66.1% of the total exposure. In contrast, rice consumption was the major Cd exposure pathway, accounting for about 85.6% of the total exposure. Although the geometric mean (0.17) and 95th percentile (P95, 0.75) of the total hazard quotient (HQ) for Ba were below the acceptable level (1), suggesting that there were no significant health effects caused by Ba exposure, Cd exposure was associated with significant health risks, with the geometric mean of the HQ (1.7) and the P95 (21) well above the acceptable limit (1), indicating the unacceptable non-carcinogenic risk of Cd exposure. In summary, high Cd exposure risk, rather than Ba, was observed for populations living in a large-scale active Ba mining area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhidong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaohang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longchao Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Xian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Chan Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Guangle Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
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15
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Tefera W, Tang L, Lu L, Xie R, Seifu W, Tian S. Rice cultivars significantly mitigate cadmium accumulation in grains and its bioaccessibility and toxicity in human HL-7702 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116020. [PMID: 33234381 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excessive Cd accumulation in cereals, especially in high-consumption staple crops, such as rice, is of major concern. Therefore, elucidation of cultivar-specific variation in rice grain Cd bioaccessibility and toxicity in humans would help the development of remedial strategies for Cd accumulation and toxicity. The present study combined an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model with a human HL-7702 cell and assessed Cd bioaccessibility and toxicity to humans from the grains of 30 rice cultivars of different types harvested from Cd-contaminated paddy soil. The mean grain Cd content of cultivars within the type exceeded acceptable national standards. Cadmium bioaccessibility was high in all grains (9.08-23.6%) except the low accumulator (LA) rice cultivar (7.93%). The mean estimated daily intake of Cd via the cultivars (except LA) exceeded the FAO/WHO permissible limit based not only on the total grain Cd concentration but also on bioaccessible Cd concentration. A dose-proportional correlation between the in vitro bioaccessible and total grain Cd concentrations was observed, suggesting that Cd bioaccessibility accurately reflects the transfer of Cd from rice grain to humans. Toxicity assay results demonstrated that Cd from rice grains could commence oxidative stress and injury in HL-7702 cells, except the LA rice, which did not exhibit significant alteration in HL-7702 cells owing to its low Cd concentration. These results provide primary evidence to suggest that the cultivation of the LA rice cultivar is an effective agronomic approach to avert Cd entry into the food chain and alleviate Cd toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolde Tefera
- College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; College of Agriculture, Department of Plant Sciences and Horticulture, Selale University, Fitche 245, Ethiopia
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ruohan Xie
- College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weldemariam Seifu
- College of Agriculture, Department of Plant Sciences and Horticulture, Selale University, Fitche 245, Ethiopia
| | - Shengke Tian
- College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Effect of Different Forms of Selenium on the Physiological Response and the Cadmium Uptake by Rice under Cadmium Stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17196991. [PMID: 32987814 PMCID: PMC7579289 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17196991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a pollutant toxic to plants and a potential threat to human health. Selenium (Se), though not essential for plants, has beneficial effects on plants under abiotic stress. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of different forms of Se (Nano-Se, selenite, selenate, and SeMet) on accumulation, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms of Cd, as well as oxidative stress in rice seedlings. Cd (20 μmol·L−1) treatment significantly decreased biomass accumulation and chlorophyll content. The application of all Se forms, except selenate, mitigated the adverse effects of Cd on growth and chlorophyll content. The application of selenite, Nano-Se, and SeMet decreased root and shoot Cd concentrations as well as root-to-shoot Cd translocation in rice seedlings. Selenate application decreased shoot Cd concentration and root-to-shoot Cd translocation with no effect on root Cd concentration. Accordingly, Se increased the sequestration of Cd in the cell wall and vacuoles and decreased the active chemical form of Cd in rice seedlings. SeMet was the most effective supplement that decreased Cd concentration and enhanced Se concentration in the roots and shoots of rice seedlings. All forms of Se further enhanced catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and inhibited MDA accumulation. To conclude, Se influenced Cd accumulation and translocation in rice seedlings by altering the subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and antioxidant defense system under Cd stress. These effects were highly significant with SeMet treatment, probably due to better absorption and utilization by the plant.
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17
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Lv YJ, Wei QZ, Zhang YC, Huang R, Li BS, Tan JB, Wang J, Ling HT, Wu SX, Yang XF. Low-dose cadmium exposure acts on rat mesenchymal stem cells via RANKL/OPG and downregulate osteogenic differentiation genes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:620-628. [PMID: 30933759 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a significant health concern, and the mechanism of long-term low-dose Cd exposure on bone has not been fully elucidated till date. This study aimed to assess the association between rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and long-term Cd exposure through 38-week intake of CdCl2 at 1 and 2 mg/kg body weight (bw). Increased gene expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and decreased gene expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) were observed. Fold change of RANKL gene expression (fold change = 1.97) and OPG gene expression (fold change = 1.72) showed statistically significant differences at dose 2 mg/kg bw. Decreased expression of key genes was observed during the early osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The gene expression of Osterix in 1 mg/kg bw group was decreased by 3.70-fold, and the gene expressions of Osterix, Osteopontin, collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1a2) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) in 2 mg/kg bw group were decreased by 1.79, 1.67, 1.45 and 1.35-folds, respectively. Exposure to CdCl2 induced an increase in the renal Cd load, but only an adaptive response was observed, including increased expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3B and Beclin-1, autophagy receptor p62, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which is an inducible isoform that releases in response to stress. There were no significant changes in the urinary low molecular weight proteins including N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), β2-microglobulin and albumin (U-Alb). Urinary calcium (Ca) excretion showed no increase, and no obvious renal histological changes. Taken together, these results indicated that the chronic CdCl2 exposure directly act on MSCs through RANKL/OPG pathway and downregulate the key genes involved in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The toxic effect of Cd on bone may occur in parallel to nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jian Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin-Zhi Wei
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang-Cong Zhang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bai-Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Bin Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Tuan Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Xuan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing-Fen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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18
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Huang L, Liu L, Zhang T, Zhao D, Li H, Sun H, Kinney PL, Pitiranggon M, Chillrud S, Ma LQ, Navas-Acien A, Bi J, Yan B. An interventional study of rice for reducing cadmium exposure in a Chinese industrial town. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 122:301-309. [PMID: 30477816 PMCID: PMC6368677 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing cadmium (Cd) exposure in Cd-polluted areas in Asia is urgently needed given the toxic effects of Cd. The short-term and long-term benefits of lowering Cd exposure are unknown because of its long half-life in the body. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate whether an intervention with low-Cd rice in a contaminated area of China reduced urinary Cd (UCd) levels and improved blood pressure and kidney function outcomes compared to no-intervention in consumers of high-Cd rice in the same region. METHODS 106 non-smoking subjects were divided into three treatment groups: the intervention group (replacing homegrown high-Cd rice with market low-Cd rice, n = 34), the non-intervention group (continue eating high-Cd rice, n = 36) and the control group (continued eating low-Cd rice they have been eating for years, n = 36). The intervention period lasted for almost 8 months, during which participants were visited on up to 4 occasions and UCd, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), kidney function biomarkers (β2-microglobulin and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase) were measured. RESULTS After 3 months, the geometric mean UCd in the intervention (Int) group decreased significantly by 0.32 μg/g (p = 0.007), while changes were not significant in the non-intervention (non-Int) group (0.13 μg/g, p = 0.95) or the control group (-0.01 μg/g, p = 0.52). UCd in the Int group remained lower than in the non-Int group but higher than in the Control group through the end of follow up. DBP in the Int group decreased significantly from 80 mm Hg at month three (p = 0.03) and stayed around 74 mm Hg for the remainder of the study. SBP also decreased in the Int group but with variations similar to those observed in the other two groups. The two kidney biomarkers showed variations without a clear pattern. CONCLUSION This study suggested that UCd reflected both short-term (<3 months) and long-term Cd exposure. In addition, the low-Cd rice intervention showed initial benefits in lowering blood pressure levels, especially DBP, but not kidney biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Di Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, Road 172, 210009 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Patrick L Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Masha Pitiranggon
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Rt. 9W. Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Steven Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Rt. 9W. Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Lena Qiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 61 Rt. 9W. Palisades, New York 10964, United States
| | - Jun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Rt. 9W. Palisades, New York 10964, United States.
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Zhao D, Wang JY, Tang N, Yin DX, Luo J, Xiang P, Juhasz AL, Li HB, Ma LQ. Coupling bioavailability and stable isotope ratio to discern dietary and non-dietary contribution of metal exposure to residents in mining-impacted areas. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 120:563-571. [PMID: 30172230 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Both dietary and non-dietary pathways contribute to metal exposure in residents living near mining-impacted areas. In this study, bioavailability-based metal intake estimation coupled with stable Pb isotope ratio fingerprinting technique were used to discern dietary (i.e., rice consumption) and non-dietary (i.e., housedust ingestion) contribution to As, Cd, and Pb exposure in residents living near mining-impacted areas. Results showed that not only rice (n = 44; 0.10-0.56, 0.01-1.77, and 0.03-0.88 mg kg-1) but also housedust (n = 44; 2.15-2380, 2.55-329, and 87.0-56,184 mg kg-1) were contaminated with As, Cd, and Pb. Based on in vivo mouse bioassays, bioavailability of As, Cd, and Pb in rice (n = 11; 34 ± 15, 59 ± 13, and 31 ± 15%) were greater than housedust (n = 14; 17 ± 6.7, 46 ± 10, and 25 ± 6.8%). Estimated daily intake of As, Cd, and Pb after incorporating metal bioavailability showed that As intake via rice was 5-fold higher than housedust for adults, whereas As intake via housedust was 3-fold higher than rice for children. For both adults and children, rice was the main source for Cd exposure, while housedust was the predominant Pb contributor. To ascertain the dominant Pb source from housedust ingestion, stable Pb isotope ratios (207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb) of hair samples of local residents (n = 27, 0.8481 ± 0.0049 and 2.0904 ± 0.0102) were compared to housedust (n = 27, 0.8485 ± 0.0047 and 2.0885 ± 0.0107) and rice (n = 27, 0.8369 ± 0.0057 and 2.0521 ± 0.0119), showing an overlap between hair and housedust, but not rice, confirming that incidental housedust ingestion was the main source of Pb exposure. This study coupled bioavailability and stable isotope techniques to accurately identify the source of metal exposure as well as their potential health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jue-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ni Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dai-Xia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Research Institute of Soil Contamination and Environment Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Albert L Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Research Institute of Soil Contamination and Environment Remediation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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20
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Xiao ZL, Tian W, Xu ZL, Sun YM. Development of a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay to detect cadmium in cereal samples. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1527295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Li Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Lin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Hou S, Zheng N, Tang L, Ji X. Effects of cadmium and copper mixtures to carrot and pakchoi under greenhouse cultivation condition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 159:172-181. [PMID: 29751225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment was undertaken to investigate the effects of Cd and Cu mixtures to growth and nutrients (sugar, carotene or vitamin C) of carrot and pakchoi under greenhouse cultivation condition. The study included: (a) physical-chemical properties of soil and soil animals in response to Cd and Cu stress; (b) bioaccumulation of heavy metals, length, biomass, contents of sugar and carotene (vitamin C) of carrot and pakchoi; (c) estimation the effects of Cd and Cu mixtures by multivariate regression analysis. The results implied that heavy metals impacted negative influence on soil animals' abundance. The metals contents in plants increased obviously with Cd and Cu contamination in soil. The biomass production and nutrients declined with Cd and Cu contents increasing. Cd (20 mg kg-1) treatment caused maximum reduction of sugar content (45.29%) in carrot root; maximum reduction in carotene content (75.73%) in carrot, 75.1% sugar content reduction and 70.58% vitamin C content reduction in pakchoi shoots were observed with addition of Cd (20 mg kg-1) and Cu (400 mg kg-1) mixture. The results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that combination of Cd and Cu exerts negative effects to both carrot and pakchoi, and both growth and nutrients were negatively correlated with metals concentrations. It is concluded that the Cd and Cu mixtures caused toxic damage to vegetable plants as Cd and Cu gradient concentrations increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Hou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China; The College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China.
| | - Lin Tang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China; The College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ji
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dietary cadmium exposure assessment in rural areas of Southwest China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201454. [PMID: 30071058 PMCID: PMC6072016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary exposure of cadmium (Cd) has not been studied in Southwest China. The objective of the study was to determine the pollution characteristics and contamination levels in various agriculture products in Southwest China and to conduct a comparison of dietary exposure assessment of Cd in polluted and non-polluted areas. Results showed that the mean Cd contents in rice were 0.53 and 0.52 mg/kg in the high-polluted and low-polluted areas, respectively, with the average value was 0.03 mg/kg in the control area. The mean dietary Cd exposure from rice and vegetables of the selected non-occupational residents in Southwest China was 113.10 μg/kg bodyweight (bw)/month, 88.80 μg/kg bw/month, and 16.50 μg/kg bw/month in the high-polluted, low-polluted, and control areas, respectively, which correspond to 4.5 times, 3.6 times, and 0.66 times of the provisional tolerable monthly intake (25 μg/kg bw/month) established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. The findings indicated that the risk for Cd exposure of residents was high due to home-grown food (most especially rice) being near polluted areas and is of great concern.
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23
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Liu X, Zhong L, Meng J, Wang F, Zhang J, Zhi Y, Zeng L, Tang X, Xu J. A multi-medium chain modeling approach to estimate the cumulative effects of cadmium pollution on human health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 239:308-317. [PMID: 29665551 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly persistent and toxic heavy metal that poses severe health risks to humans. Diet is the primary source of human exposure to cadmium, especially in China. Soil, as the main medium that transfers cadmium to rice, can be used as a helpful indicator to predict human exposure to cadmium in soils. There is, however, very little work that links a soil-rice transfer model with a biokinetic model to assess health risks. In this work, we introduce a multi-medium chain model based upon a soil-rice-human continuum to address this issue. The model consists of three basic steps: (i) development and validation of a soil-rice transfer model for cadmium based on 189 pairs of measured data in Wenling of Zhejiang province in Southeast China; (ii) calculation of weekly exposure based on the nationwide monitoring and survey results; (iii) linking the exposure model with a modified biokinetic model proposed with a classic biokinetic model to predict urinary cadmium, which is a biomarker to assess the health risks. Results indicated that the developed soil-rice-human transfer model predicted well the urinary cadmium levels in humans subjected to age and exposure uncertainties. We observed a maximum of 0.71 μg g-1 creatinine in males and 1.53 μg g-1 creatinine in females at 70 years old under median cadmium exposure, which was consistent with previous studies. Sensitive analysis was also conducted to detect the sensitive parameters that have the most significant influences on the output of the model. The new risk assessment strategy proposed in this work is beneficial for predicting the cumulative cadmium levels in various exposed populations so that we can quickly identify the critical areas from basic soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Liu
- College of Environmental & Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Libin Zhong
- College of Environmental & Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Meng
- College of Environmental & Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fan Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Jiangjiang Zhang
- College of Environmental & Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuyou Zhi
- College of Environmental & Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingzao Zeng
- College of Environmental & Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianjin Tang
- College of Environmental & Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- College of Environmental & Natural Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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24
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Zhuang P, Sun S, Li Y, Li F, Zou B, Li Y, Mo H, Li Z. Oral Bioaccessibility and Exposure Risk of Metal(loid)s in Local Residents Near a Mining-Impacted Area, Hunan, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081573. [PMID: 30044412 PMCID: PMC6121664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metal(loid) contamination of food crops and soils resulting from mining activities has been a major concern due to the potential risk to humans. In this study, a total of 36 rice (home-grown and market rice), 38 vegetable, 10 drinking water, 4 river water, 18 soils and 30 urine samples were collected from an abandoned mining area or the local residents in China. Results showed that metal(loid) levels in some of the soil and drinking water samples exceeded the Chinese standard. Rice Cd concentration, rice Pb levels, and vegetable Pb levels exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations in 49%, 68%, and 42% of the samples, respectively. In gastric phases, the average Cd, Pb and As bioaccessibilities in rice were 72%, 70%, and 82%. In gastrointestinal phases, the average Cd, Pb and As bioaccessibilities in rice were 49%, 39%, and 94%. Vegetables (pak choi was selected) showed lower metal(loid) bioaccessibility than rice. The median concentrations of Cd, Pb and As in urine were 3.99, 4.82 and 64.8 µg L−1, respectivley. Rice had the highest contribution rates of Cd and Pb for daily intake, accounting for 114% and 210%, respectively. Vegetables contributed less, and very little contribution came from drinking water. Based on the bioaccessibility data, metal(loid) contamination around the mining area poses a great exposure risk to the local residents through consumption of food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Shuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Yongxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Hui Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Zhian Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Sofuoglu SC, Sofuoglu A. An exposure-risk assessment for potentially toxic elements in rice and bulgur. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:987-998. [PMID: 28397064 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rice and wheat are rich sources of essential elements. However, they may also accumulate potentially toxic elements (PTE). Bulgur, the popular alternative to rice in the eastern Mediterranean, is produced by processing wheat, during which PTE content may change. This study determined PTE concentrations in rice and bulgur collected from 50 participant households in the city of Izmir, Turkey, estimated ingestion exposure, and associated chronic-toxic and carcinogenic human health risks. Comparison of the determined concentrations to the available standard levels and the levels reported in the literature revealed that Cd, Co, and Pb in rice might be of concern. The estimated health risks of individual participants supported this result with exceedance of respective threshold or acceptable risk levels at the 95th percentile. Population risk estimates indicated that the proportion with higher than the threshold or acceptable risk is about 10, 24, and 12% for Cd, Co, and Pb in rice, respectively. Results of this study showed that health risks associated with PTE exposure through bulgur consumption are lower than those of rice, and below the threshold or acceptable risk levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sait C Sofuoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce, Urla, 35430, Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce, Urla, 35430, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Aysun Sofuoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce, Urla, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
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26
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Liu C, Chang C, Fei Y, Li F, Wang Q, Zhai G, Lei J. Cadmium accumulation in edible flowering cabbages in the Pearl River Delta, China: Critical soil factors and enrichment models. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:880-888. [PMID: 29110895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although many previous studies have reported the soil pH and organic matter to be the most critical factors that affect the transfer of Cd in soil-crop systems in temperate zones, the behavior of Cd transfer is different in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), which is located in a subtropical zone with different climate and soil conditions. Therefore, we must determine the critical environmental factors that influence the transfer of Cd in the soil-vegetable system in the PRD region. Such knowledge can improve the safety of vegetables. In this study, the soil geochemical properties are investigated to explore the key soil factors that control the uptake of Cd by flowering cabbage, a popular leaf vegetable in China, from soils in the PRD region. The Cd contents in vegetables were most positively correlated to soil oxalate-Cd (p < 0.01), which indicates that amorphous Cd is the most available form for uptake into the cabbages. With the characteristics of rich in Fe oxide and Al oxide in the PRD soils, soil Fe and Al oxides were found to be the most relevant to the transfer factors of Cd from the soils to the cabbages. Soil secondary minerals are the key factor that affects the transfer of Cd, thereby influencing the migration and fate of Cd in soil-cabbage systems, with DCB-Fe significantly decreasing the Cd accumulation in cabbages. Additionally, models were developed to predict the enrichment of Cd in flowering cabbages, in which oxalate-Cd, DCB-Fe, and NaOAc-Al in soils were determined to be the most important factors that affect the Cd enrichment in flowering cabbages. In this study, we determine the important role of soil secondary minerals in affecting the transfer of Cd in soil-cabbage systems in the PRD. These observations are important to evaluate the accumulation of Cd in vegetables in subtropical zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshuai Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Ago-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Chunying Chang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sited Environmental Management and Remediation, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China
| | - Yingheng Fei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fangbai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Ago-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Ago-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guangshu Zhai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Ago-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jing Lei
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
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Screen-Printed Electrode Modified by Bismuth /Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticle/Ionic Liquid Composite Using Internal Standard Normalization for Accurate Determination of Cd(II) in Soil. SENSORS 2017; 18:s18010006. [PMID: 29267193 PMCID: PMC5795770 DOI: 10.3390/s18010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The quality and safety of agricultural products are threatened by heavy metal ions in soil, which can be absorbed by the crops, and then accumulated in the human body through the food chain. In this paper, we report a low-cost and easy-to-use screen-printed electrode (SPE) for cadmium ion (Cd(II)) detection based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), which decorated with ionic liquid (IL), magnetite nanoparticle (Fe₃O₄), and deposited a bismuth film (Bi). The characteristics of Bi/Fe₃O₄/ILSPE were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, and linear sweep voltammetry. We found that the sensitivity of SPE was improved dramatically after functionalized with Bi/Fe₃O₄/IL. Under optimized conditions, the concentrations of Cd(II) are linear with current responses in a range from 0.5 to 40 µg/L with the lowest detection limit of 0.05 µg/L (S/N = 3). Additionally, the internal standard normalization (ISN) was used to process the response signals of Bi/Fe₃O₄/ILSPE and established a new linear equation. For detecting three different Cd(II) concentrations, the root-mean-square error using ISN (0.25) is lower than linear method (0.36). Finally, the proposed electrode was applied to trace Cd(II) in soil samples with the recovery in the range from 91.77 to 107.83%.
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Zhao D, Juhasz AL, Luo J, Huang L, Luo XS, Li HB, Ma LQ. Mineral Dietary Supplement To Decrease Cadmium Relative Bioavailability in Rice Based on a Mouse Bioassay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12123-12130. [PMID: 28960068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effectiveness of mineral dietary supplements to modulate cadmium (Cd) exposure, an in vivo mouse bioassay was conducted to determine Cd relative bioavailability (Cd-RBA) in Cd-contaminated rice (0.80 mg Cd kg-1) with and without Zn, Fe, or Ca supplements as nitrate or chloride salts. Without mineral supplements, Cd-RBA was 43 ± 5.3% based on average Cd accumulation in the liver plus kidneys as the end point. Among Ca(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, and Fe(NO3)2 supplements, 150-5000 mg kg-1 Ca was the most effective in reducing rice Cd-RBA by 31-80% to 8.5-29%, while 30-200 mg kg-1 Zn supplements was ineffective, with Cd-RBA being 33-57%. Low Fe at <40 mg kg-1 had little impact on rice Cd-RBA (39-47%), while high Fe at 80-200 mg kg-1 decreased Cd-RBA by 37% to 26-27%. The ineffectiveness of Zn supplements in reducing Cd-RBA was probably due to coinciding 8.3- and 3.1-fold increases in Zn accumulation in mouse kidneys and liver with Zn supplements, while Ca and Fe supplements led to much-smaller increases in Ca and Fe accumulation in mouse tissues (1.3-1.6 fold). In addition, compared to Ca(NO3)2 supplements, Cd-RBA values determined with CaCl2 supplements were significantly higher (25-67% versus 8.5-29%), suggesting that chloride enhanced Cd-RBA. Results of this study have important implications for developing effective dietary strategies to reduce dietary Cd exposure and the associated health risks in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Albert L Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-San Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Huang Y, He C, Shen C, Guo J, Mubeen S, Yuan J, Yang Z. Toxicity of cadmium and its health risks from leafy vegetable consumption. Food Funct 2017; 8:1373-1401. [PMID: 28232985 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01580h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal and has spread widely in the environment in recent decades. This review summarizes current knowledge about Cd contamination of leafy vegetables, its toxicity, exposure, health risks, and approaches to reducing its toxicity in humans. Leafy vegetable consumption has been identified as a dominant exposure pathway of Cd in the human body. An overview of Cd pollution in leafy vegetables as well as the main sources of Cd is given. Notable estimated daily intakes and health risks of Cd exposure through vegetable consumption for humans are revealed in occupational exposure areas and even in some reference areas. Vegetable consumption is one of the most significant sources of exposure to Cd, particularly in occupational exposure regions. Therefore, numerous approaches have been developed to minimize the accumulation of Cd in leafy vegetables, among which the breeding of Cd pollution-safe cultivars is one of the most effective tools. Furthermore, dietary supplements from leafy vegetables perform positive roles in alleviating Cd toxicity in humans with regard to the effects of essential mineral elements, vitamins and phytochemicals taken into the human body via leafy vegetable consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Zhao D, Liu RY, Xiang P, Juhasz AL, Huang L, Luo J, Li HB, Ma LQ. Applying Cadmium Relative Bioavailability to Assess Dietary Intake from Rice to Predict Cadmium Urinary Excretion in Nonsmokers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:6756-6764. [PMID: 28490173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary Cd intake is often estimated without considering Cd bioavailability. Measured urinary Cd for a cohort of 119 nonsmokers with rice as a staple was compared to predicted values from rice-Cd intake with and without considering Cd relative bioavailability (RBA) in rice based on a steady state mouse kidney bioassay and toxicokinetic model. The geometric mean (GM) of urinary Cd and β2-microglobulin was 1.08 and 234 μg g-1 creatinine. Applying Cd-RBA in foods to aggregate Cd intake (41.5 ± 12.4, 48.0 ± 9.3, 48.8 ± 21.3% for rice, wheat, and vegetables), rice was the largest contributor (71%). For 63 participants providing paired urine and rice samples, the predicted GM of urinary Cd at 4.14 μg g-1 based on total Cd in rice was 3.5 times that of measured value at 1.20 μg g-1, while incorporating Cd-RBA to assess rice-Cd intake made the two closer with GM at 1.07 μg g-1. The cohort findings were extended to a national scale, with urinary Cd for nonsmokers from rice Cd intake was mapped at province/city levels after considering rice Cd-RBA. Therefore, incorporating Cd bioavailability to assess dietary Cd intake is a valuable tool to accurately estimate human Cd exposure and associated health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Albert L Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Trace Elements Contamination and Human Health Risk Assessment in Drinking Water from the Agricultural and Pastoral Areas of Bay County, Xinjiang, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13100938. [PMID: 27669274 PMCID: PMC5086677 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tap water samples were collected from 180 families in four agricultural (KYR: Keyir, KRW: Kariwak, YTR: Yatur, DW: Dawanqi) and two pastoral areas (B: Bulong and Y: Yangchang) in Bay County, Xinjiang, China, and levels of seven trace elements (Cd, Cr, As Ni, Pb, Zn, Se) were analyzed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess potential health risks. Remarkable spatial variations of contamination were observed. Overall, the health risk was more severe for carcinogenic versus non-carcinogenic pollutants due to heavy metal. The risk index was greater for children overall (Cr > As > Cd and Zn > Se for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic elements, respectively). The total risk index was greater in agricultural areas (DW > KYR > YTR > KRW > B > Y). Total risk indices were greater where well water was the source versus fountain water; for the latter, the total health risk index was greater versus glacier water. Main health risk factors were Cr and As in DW, KYR, YTR, KRW, and B, and Zn, Cr, and As in the Y region. Overall, total trace element–induced health risk (including for DW adults) was higher than acceptable (10−6) and lower than priority risk levels (10−4) (KYR, YTR, KRW, Y, and B). For DW children, total health risk reached 1.08 × 10−4, higher than acceptable and priority risk levels (10−4).
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