1
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Jia Q, Liao GQ, Chen L, Qian YZ, Yan X, Qiu J. Pesticide residues in animal-derived food: Current state and perspectives. Food Chem 2024; 438:137974. [PMID: 37979266 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in the cultivation and breeding of agricultural products all over the world. However, their direct use or indirect pollution in animal breeding may lead to residual accumulation, migration, and metabolism in animal-derived foods, posing potential health risks to humans through the food chain. Therefore, it is necessary to detect pesticide residues in animal-derived food using simple, reliable, and sensitive methods. This review summarizes sample extraction and clean-up methods, as well as the instrumental determination technologies such as chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry for residual analysis in animal-derived foods, including meat, eggs and milk. Additionally, we perspectives on the future of this field. This information aims to assist relevant researchers in this area, contribute to the development of ideas and novel technical methods for residual detection, metabolic research and risk assessment of pesticides in animal-derived food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guang-Qin Liao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xue Yan
- New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd./Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality & Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan 610023, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
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2
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Michlig N, Lehotay SJ, Lightfield AR. Comparison of filter membranes in the analysis of 183 veterinary and other drugs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300696. [PMID: 38356232 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Although filtration is one of the most common steps in sample preparation for chemical analysis, filter membrane materials can leach contaminants and/or retain some analytes in the filtered solutions. In multiclass, multiresidue analysis of veterinary drugs, it is challenging to find one type of filter membrane that does not retain at least some of the analytes before injection in ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). In this study, different filter membranes were tested for use in UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of 183 diverse drugs in bovine muscle, kidney, and liver tissues. Membranes evaluated consisted of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), polyethersulfone, nylon, and regenerated cellulose. Drug classes represented among the analytes included β-agonists, β-lactams, anthelmintics, macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, tranquilizers, (fluoro)quinolones, anti-inflammatories, nitroimidazoles, coccidiostats, phenicols, and others. Although the presence of a matrix helped reduce the binding of analytes on surface active sites, all of the filter types partially retained at least some of the drugs in the final extracts. In testing by flow-injection analysis, all of the membrane filters were also observed to leach interfering components. Ultimately, filtration was avoided altogether in the final sample preparation approach known as the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe, efficient, and robust (QuEChERSER) mega-method, and ultracentrifugation was chosen as an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Michlig
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Steven J Lehotay
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan R Lightfield
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Ostadgholami M, Zeeb M, Amirahmadi M, Daraei B. Multivariate Optimization and Validation of a Modified QuEChERS Method for Determination of PAHs and PCBs in Grilled Meat by GC-MS. Foods 2023; 13:143. [PMID: 38201171 PMCID: PMC10779142 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are recognized as carcinogens and mutagenic food contaminants that threaten public health. As for food safety aspects, control of these contaminants in processed and fatty food is necessary. In this study, eleven factors were screened by the Plackett-Burman design, and four variables were chosen to optimize with the central composite design (CCD) for the improvement of extraction and cleanup procedures of these food contaminants. The optimized variables include 5 g of sample, 2 mL mixture of 2/2/1 ethyl acetate/acetone/isooctane, 1.6 g of ammonium formate, 0.9 g of sodium chloride, and 0.25 g of sorbent Z-Sep+. A 5 min cleanup vortex time with the spike calibration curve strategy, analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), led to the validated limits of quantification (LOQs) for 16 PAHs and 36 PCBs of 0.5-2 and 0.5-1 ng/g, respectively, and recoveries of 72-120%, with an average relative standard deviation (%RSD) of 17, for PAHs, and 80-120%, with an %RSD of 3, for PCBs. The method introduces excellent accuracy, precision, and efficiency, and minimizes matrix effects, and ensures a control procedure, adopted with international standards, for food authorities to determine the contaminants of interest in processed meat, and consequently, prevent food-borne disease to improve public health indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ostadgholami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1777613651, Iran; (M.O.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mohsen Zeeb
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1777613651, Iran; (M.O.); (M.Z.)
| | - Maryam Amirahmadi
- Food and Drug Reference Control Laboratory (FDRCL), Iran Food and Drug Administration (IFDA), Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran 1113615911, Iran
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center (FDLRC), Iran Food and Drug Administration (IFDA), Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran 1113615911, Iran
| | - Bahram Daraei
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1996835113, Iran
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4
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Lan H, Hu Z, Gan H, Wu L, Xie S, Jiang Y, Ye D, Ye X. Association between exposure to persistent organic pollutants and pubertal timing in boys and girls: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115540. [PMID: 37801753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the phenomenon of abnormal pubertal timing in children has become increasingly common worldwide. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may be one of the risk factors contributing to this phenomenon, but the relationship between them is unclear based on current evidence. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of POPs exposure with pubertal timing in girls and boys by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies before June 1, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed by pooling relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) or prevalence ratio (PR) or hazard ratio (HR) estimates with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis, publication bias assessment and sensitivity analysis were also carried out. A total of 21 studies were included, involving 2479 boys and 8718 girls. The results of meta-analysis showed that exposure to POPs was significantly associated with delayed pubertal timing in girls (RR: 0.85; 95 % CI: 0.79-0.91; p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association between exposure to POPs and pubertal timing in boys (RR: 1.18; 95 % CI: 0.99-1.40; p = 0.070). Subgroup analysis showed that there may be gender differences in the effects of exposure to POPs on pubertal timing. Our results suggested that exposure to POPs could delay pubertal timing in girls. However, based on current evidence, no significant association was found between POPs exposure and pubertal timing in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Lan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhiqin Hu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hongya Gan
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lixiang Wu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shushu Xie
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ding Ye
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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5
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Ding C, Ren P, Qi Y, Yang Y, Qin S. Simultaneous Determination of 54 Pesticides in Proso Millet Using QuEChERS with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Molecules 2023; 28:6575. [PMID: 37764351 PMCID: PMC10535077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the potential risks posed to the environment and human health, analyzing pesticide residues in proso millet is important. This paper aimed to develop a modified QuEChERS method with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the analysis of 54 pesticide residues in proso millet. Parameters including the mobile phase of the instrument, the acidity of the extraction solvent, and the type of absorbents were optimized to provide satisfactory performance. The method was validated concerning linearity, limit of quantification (LOQ), matrix effect, accuracy, and precision. In detail, the linearity of the matrix-matched calibration curve was acceptable with correlation coefficients (R2) higher than 0.99. The mean recovery was in the range of 86% to 114% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤ 20% (n = 5). The LOQ was determined to be 0.25-10 μg/kg. The developed method was feasible for the determination of multiple pesticide residues in proso millet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shu Qin
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China (Y.Y.)
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6
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Pang X, Qiu J, Zhang Z, Li P, Xing J, Su X, Liu G, Yu C, Weng R. Wide-Scope Multi-residue analysis of pesticides in beef by gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2023; 407:135171. [PMID: 36508866 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing pesticide contamination in foods of animal origin has made the wide-scope multi-residue analysis of pesticides an international concern. By using 191 pesticides, this study investigates a sensitive and reliable method for multi-residue analysis of pesticides in beef to determine the extent of the application of this method. The QuEChERS method was employed to extract and purify the pesticides as C18 was utilized as the absorbents. Then, the purified pesticides were analysed using gas chromatography - quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (GC-Q-Orbitrap-MS). The validation test results revealed that this method was satisfactorily sensitive since its screening detection limit (SDL) ranged from 0.2 to 100 µg∙kg-1. The recovery tests implemented at three spiking levels, namely 100, 200, and 500 µg∙kg-1, generated the results of 71.95 %-113.97 %, while the intra- and inter-day precisions were 0.27 %-17.94 %, indicating that this method had excellent accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Pang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Pi Li
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Beijing 100102, China
| | | | - Xin Su
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guiqiao Liu
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Weng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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7
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Fernandes VC, Domingues VF, Nunes MS, Matos R, Kuźniarska-Biernacka I, Fernandes DM, Guerrero-Ruiz A, Ramos IR, Freire C, Delerue-Matos C. Graphene-Type Materials for the Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Step in the QuEChERS Method for the Extraction of Brominated Flame Retardants from Capsicum Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3898-3905. [PMID: 36792986 PMCID: PMC9983006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A new application of graphene-type materials as an alternative cleanup sorbent in a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure combined with GC-ECD/GC-MS/GC-MS/MS detection was successfully used for the simultaneous analysis of 12 brominated flame retardants in Capsicum cultivar samples. The chemical, structural, and morphological properties of the graphene-type materials were evaluated. The materials exhibited good adsorption capability of matrix interferents without compromising the extraction efficiency of target analytes when compared with other cleanups using commercial sorbents. Under optimal conditions, excellent recoveries were obtained, ranging from 90 to 108% with relative standard deviations of <14%. The developed method showed good linearity with a correlation coefficient above 0.9927, and the limits of quantification were in the range of 0.35-0.82 μg/kg. The developed QuEChERS procedure using reduced graphite oxide (rGO) combined with GC/MS was successfully applied in 20 samples, and the pentabromotoluene residues were quantified in two samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida,
431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina F. Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida,
431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta S. Nunes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Iwona Kuźniarska-Biernacka
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana M. Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio Guerrero-Ruiz
- Dpto.
Química Inorgánica y Técnica, Facultad de Ciencias UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Freire
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV,
Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida,
431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
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8
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Fernandes VC, Podlasiak M, Vieira EF, Rodrigues F, Grosso C, Moreira MM, Delerue-Matos C. Multiple Organic Contaminants Determination Including Multiclass of Pesticides, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Brominated Flame Retardants in Portuguese Kiwano Fruits by Gas Chromatography. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050993. [PMID: 36900510 PMCID: PMC10000518 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Global production of exotic fruits has been growing steadily over the past decade and expanded beyond the originating countries. The consumption of exotic and new fruits, such as kiwano, has increased due to their beneficial properties for human health. However, these fruits are scarcely studied in terms of chemical safety. As there are no studies on the presence of multiple contaminants in kiwano, an optimized analytical method based on the QuEChERS for the evaluation of 30 multiple contaminants (18 pesticides, 5 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), 7 brominated flame retardants) was developed and validated. Under the optimal conditions, satisfactory extraction efficiency was obtained with recoveries ranging from 90% to 122%, excellent sensitivity, with a quantification limit in the range of 0.6 to 7.4 µg kg-1, and good linearity ranging from 0.991 to 0.999. The relative standard deviation for precision studies was less than 15%. The assessment of the matrix effects showed enhancement for all the target compounds. The developed method was validated by analyzing samples collected from Douro Region. PCB 101 was found in trace concentration (5.1 µg kg-1). The study highlights the relevance of including other organic contaminants in monitoring studies in food samples in addition to pesticides.
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9
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Pedersen AF, Dietz R, Sonne C, Liu L, Rosing-Asvid A, McKinney MA. Development and validation of a modified QuEChERS method for extracting polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides from marine mammal blubber. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137245. [PMID: 36395894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in blubber of key sentinel marine mammal species has been conducted using established techniques for decades. Although these methods for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and organochlorine (OC) pesticide determination provide accurate and reproducible results, they possess some drawbacks in terms of cost, time, and a need for large volumes of toxic solvents. QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extractions may help address these issues, but have not been applied to marine mammal blubber/adipose. As such, our aim was to develop, validate, and apply a QuEChERS method for the extraction of PCB and OC contaminants in marine mammal blubber. First, we tested multiple solid-phase extraction and clean-up steps to find the approach that provided the cleanest extracts along with consistent and acceptable analyte recovery, accuracy, and precision. QuEChERS extractions followed by two enhanced matrix removal-lipid (EMR-lipid), one primary-secondary amine (PSA), and one silica gel clean-up showed the highest matrix removal and acceptable recoveries of spiked internal (62-97%) and external standards (61-94%). Solvent usage was reduced by ∼393% and extraction time was reduced by ∼25% (from 16 to 12 h). Next, the method was validated using standard reference material (SRM) NIST 1945. Recovery experiments on SRM (n = 5) showed acceptable recovery for 76% and 77% of PCBs and OC pesticides, respectively, and high precision for 73% and 69% of PCBs and OCs, respectively. Finally, the method was used on a set of southeast Greenland killer whales (n = 13), with previously published PCB and OC data. Bland-Altman plots indicated good agreement between QuEChERS and current-use methods for ΣPCBs and some OCs with no significant constant or proportional bias. These results demonstrate that this QuEChERS extraction method represents an effective, lower cost alternative to current-use extractions for PCBs and OCs in blubber, and likely other high-lipid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Pedersen
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Roskilde, DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Roskilde, DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | | | - Melissa A McKinney
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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10
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Thakur D, Dubey NP, Singh R. A Review on Spike and Recovery Method in Analytical Method Development and Validation. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36463526 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2152275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In multidisciplinary science, Analytical approaches based on spike and recovery (SAR) play a substantial role in analytical testing. The spike and recovery method is an important technique for analyzing and accessing the accuracy of analytical methods. The goal of this review seeks to provide clarity on the role of SAR methods in the forensic science discipline. Recent literature has been searched from numerous databases like Google, Web of Sciences, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder. Websites like Science Direct are critically explored to gather scientific reports related to SAR utility. This review discusses the applications and current role of the SAR methods in Forensic Toxicology. It is suggested as one of the major parameters in the validation of the analytical method. SAR methodology is extremely important for the identification and quantitation of analytes in the sample matrix. Moreover, the extension of SAR methods to any scientific discipline is equally important for quality assurance. All relevant processes like method development and its optimization, quality control, and assurance rely on SAR-based studies. However, the method requires better apprehension and needs to be utilized using standard guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Thakur
- Department of Forensic Science, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Neeti Prakash Dubey
- Chemistry and Toxicology, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajvinder Singh
- Department of Forensic Science, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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11
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Zhao H, Zhao Z, Li X, Di S, Qi P, Wang Z, Wang J, Tian P, Xu H, Wang X. Development of rapid low temperature assistant modified QuEChERS method for simultaneous determination of 107 pesticides and relevant metabolites in animal lipid. Food Chem 2022; 395:133606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Bi Y, Han L, Qin F, Song S, lv X, Dong Q, Qiao C, Ren B. Method validation, residue analysis and dietary risk assessment of trifloxystrobin and trifloxystrobin acid in milk, eggs and pork. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5342. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Bi
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Lijun Han
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Fayi Qin
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Shuangyu Song
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Xinru lv
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Qin Dong
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Chengkui Qiao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou China
| | - Bo Ren
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China
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13
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Wu H, Zhou M, Xu J, Wang J, Tong J, Sun N, Qian M. Determining a wide range of antibiotics and pesticides in poultry feathers using selective accelerated solvent extraction-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:250-258. [PMID: 34939628 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01764k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study established a detection method based on accelerated solvent extraction-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for determining residues of 3 chloramphenicols, 8 macrolides, 18 sulfonamides, 4 nitroimidazoles, 15 insecticides, and 22 fungicides in poultry feathers. The extraction solvent, methanol, was used for a static extraction time of 5 min, and repeated three times. Fifty milligrams of adsorbents C18/PSA (1 : 1, W/W) were added to the extraction cell to achieve simultaneous extraction and purification. The extraction efficiency of three solvents, methanol, acetonitrile and ethyl acetate, was investigated. An orthogonal experimental design was used to explore the optimal combination of extraction temperature, static extraction time, number of extraction cycles, and adsorbent ratio for accelerated solvent extraction. After the optimal ratio was determined, the dosage of adsorbents was optimized. The extracted sample solution was concentrated by blowing nitrogen, redissolved, passed through a 0.22 μm PTFE membrane filter, then injected for instrumental analysis. The validation results showed that the recovery of the proposed method was 60.4-107.6%, the limit of detection 0.2-3.0 μg kg-1, and the limit of quantification 0.5-8.3 μg kg-1. This quantitative multi-residue detection method was able to determine the residues of 70 target compounds in poultry feathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wu
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China, 310015
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China, 310014
| | - Jie Xu
- A State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China.
| | - Jianmei Wang
- A State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China.
| | - Jianying Tong
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China, 310015
| | - Nabo Sun
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China, 310015
| | - Mingrong Qian
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China, 310015
- A State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China.
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Petrarca MH, Fernandes JO, Marmelo I, Marques A, Cunha SC. Multi-analyte gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method to monitor bisphenols, musk fragrances, ultraviolet filters, and pesticide residues in seafood. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462755. [PMID: 34968957 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the analysis of thirty-six anthropogenic contaminants in the edible portion of four distinct seafood items is reported. Considering the heterogeneous composition of algae, mussels, and lean/fatty fish muscles, a generic sample preparation based on the QuEChERS procedure combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with in situ acetylation was successfully applied for quantification of pesticide residues, bisphenols, musk fragrances and UV-filters. Matrix effects were influenced by the type of seafood, with the lowest effects being observed with EMR-lipid and graphitized carbon black sorbents in dispersive solid-phase extraction cleanup step. Method performance features were successful evaluated in the different seafood samples - algae, mussel, lean and fatty fish muscles, following the criteria established by SANTE/12682/2019 for analytical methods for pesticide residues analysis. The detection and quantification of bisphenol F, musk fragrances (galaxolide and tonalide), UV-filters (2-ethylhexyl salicylate, 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, and isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate), and residues of permethrin in commercial samples of algae, mussel and fish collected in a Portuguese estuary support the suitability of the proposed method for future seafood monitoring by food safety authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Henrique Petrarca
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Food Chemistry, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Food Chemistry, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Isa Marmelo
- IPMA, Divisão de Aquacultura e Valorização, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P., Avenida de Brasília, Lisboa 1449-006, Portugal; CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- IPMA, Divisão de Aquacultura e Valorização, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P., Avenida de Brasília, Lisboa 1449-006, Portugal; CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Food Chemistry, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
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15
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Cui K, Wu X, Zhang Y, Cao J, Wei D, Xu J, Dong F, Liu X, Zheng Y. Cumulative risk assessment of dietary exposure to triazole fungicides from 13 daily-consumed foods in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117550. [PMID: 34126511 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The agroeconomic benefits of the routine use of triazole fungicides on crops have been evident for more than 40 years. However, increasing evidence shows that residues of triazoles are ubiquitous in various foods and thus could pose a potential health risk to humans. We analyzed 3406 samples of 13 food commodities that were collected from markets in 9 regions across China, and assessed the health risk of both chronic and acute exposure to the triazoles for Chinese children (1-6 years old) and the general population. Among all samples, 55.52% had triazoles in concentrations of 0.10-803.30 μg/kg, and 29.77% of samples contained a combination of 2-7 triazoles. Tebuconazole and difenoconazole were the most commonly found triazoles in the foods, being detected in 33.44% and 30.45% of samples, respectively. Chronic and acute cumulative risk assessment for total triazoles based on a relative potency factor method revealed that exposure to triazoles from these particular commodities was below the levels that might pose a health risk (chronic hazard index range, 5.90×10-7 to 1.83×10-3; acute hazard index range, 7.77×10-5 to 0.39, below 1). Notably, dietary exposure risk for children was greater than that for the general population-particularly for the acute intake of mandarin, grape, and cucumber (acute hazard index values of 0.35-0.39). Despite the low health risk, the potential hazards of exposure to triazoles should raise public concern owing to their ubiquitous presence in common foods and potential cumulative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cui
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agricultural product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agricultural product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agricultural product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agricultural product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agricultural product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agricultural product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agricultural product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingang Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agricultural product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agricultural product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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16
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Masís-Mora M, Beita-Sandí W, Rodríguez-Yáñez J, Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE. Validation of a methodology by LC-MS/MS for the determination of triazine, triazole and organophosphate pesticide residues in biopurification systems. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1156:122296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Śmiełowska M, Zabiegała B. Current trends in analytical strategies for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in samples with different matrix compositions – Part 2: New approaches to PBDEs determination. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Márquez-Lázaro JP, Mora L, Méndez-Cuadro D, Rodríguez-Cavallo E, Toldrá F. In vitro oxidation promoted by chlorpyrifos residues on myosin and chicken breast proteins. Food Chem 2020; 326:126922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Rodríguez-Ramos R, Lehotay SJ, Michlig N, Socas-Rodríguez B, Rodríguez-Delgado MÁ. Critical review and re-assessment of analyte protectants in gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1632:461596. [PMID: 33045497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite nearly 80 years of advancements in gas chromatography (GC), indirect chemical matrix effects (MEs), known as the matrix-induced response enhancement effect, still occur to cause a high bias in the GC analysis of susceptible analytes, unless precautions are taken. Matrix-matched calibration is one common option used in GC to compensate for the MEs, but this approach is usually inconvenient, imprecise, and inefficient. Other options, such as the method of standard additions, surface deactivation techniques, chemical derivatizations, priming the GC, and/or use of internal standards, also have flaws in practice. When methods are accommodating, the use of analyte protectants (APs) can provide the best practical solution to not only overcome MEs, but also to maximize analyte signal by increasing chromatographic and detection efficiencies for the analytes. APs address the source of MEs in every injection by filling active sites in the GC inlet, column, and detector, particularly in GC-MS, rather than the analytes that would otherwise undergo degradation, peak tailing, and/or diminished response due to interactions with the active sites. The addition of an adequate amount of APs (e.g. sugar derivatives) to all calibration standards and final extracts alike often leads to lower detection limits, better accuracy, narrower peaks, and greater robustness than the other options to compensate for MEs in GC. This article consists of a critical review of the scientific literature, proposal of mechanisms and theory, and re-evaluation studies involving APs for the first time in GC-orbitrap and GC-MS/MS with a high-efficiency ion source design. The findings showed that 1 µg each of co-injected shikimic acid and sorbitol in the former case, and 1 µg shikimic acid alone in the latter case, led to high quality results in multi-residue analysis of pesticides and environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Rodríguez-Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Tenerife), España
| | - Steven J Lehotay
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA.
| | - Nicolás Michlig
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Delgado
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Tenerife), España
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20
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Orazbayeva D, Koziel JA, Trujillo-Rodríguez MJ, Anderson JL, Kenessov B. Polymeric ionic liquid sorbent coatings in headspace solid-phase microextraction: A green sample preparation technique for the determination of pesticides in soil. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Cao G, Li K, Guo J, Lu M, Hong Y, Cai Z. Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Changes during Food Storage and Processing. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6956-6966. [PMID: 32516537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many physicochemical changes occur during food storage and processing, such as rancidity, hydrolysis, oxidation, and aging, which may alter the taste, flavor, and texture of food products and pose risks to public health. Analysis of these changes has become of great interest to many researchers. Mass spectrometry is a promising technique for the study of food and nutrition domains as a result of its excellent ability in molecular profiling, food authentication, and marker detection. In this review, we summarized recent advances in mass spectrometry techniques and their applications in food storage and processing. Furthermore, current technical challenges associated with these methodologies were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinggong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
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22
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Song L, Pan C, Yang J, Zeng S, Han Y. Dual‐layer column filtration cleanup and gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry detection for the analysis of 39 pesticide residues in porcine meat. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1306-1315. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Song
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of ScienceChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Canping Pan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of ScienceChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of ScienceChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Sujia Zeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of ScienceChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yongtao Han
- Research Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
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23
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Semi-automated high-throughput method for residual analysis of 302 pesticides and environmental contaminants in catfish by fast low-pressure GC-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2020; 319:126592. [PMID: 32193062 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A fast, fit-for-purpose, high-throughput method was developed and validated for the analysis of 302 targeted contaminants in catfish muscle. Targeted contaminants included pesticides and metabolites with US regulatory levels, plus other lipophilic pesticides and environmental contaminants: PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs and other flame retardants. The sample preparation was based on QuEChERS extraction. The extract was split and analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS for 128 analytes after filtering and by low pressure (LP) GC-MS/MS for 219 analytes after an automated robotic micro-SPE cleanup. The method was validated at four spiking levels (5, 10, 20 and 40 ng/g) with 10 replicates per level, and satisfactory recoveries (70-120%) and RSDs (≤20%) were achieved for 80% of the analytes. The method was further validated with NIST SRMs 1946 and 1947 and applied for the analysis of 22 market fish samples. Six pesticides and one PAH were found in the market fish samples, all below US regulatory levels.
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24
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Pico Y, Alfarhan AH, Barcelo D. How recent innovations in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry have improved pesticide residue determination: An alternative technique to be in your radar. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Hamadamin AY, Hassan KI. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based sensitive analytical approach to detect and quantify non-polar pesticides accumulated in the fat tissues of domestic animals. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 27:887-893. [PMID: 32127767 PMCID: PMC7042631 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A fast and simple technique is proposed for the detection and quantitative determination of six non-polar pesticides including pyrethroids (cypermethrin, deltamethrin), organochlorines (hexachlorobenzene, α-hexachlorocyclohexane) and organophosphorus (chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion) accumulated in fat tissues of local cattle, sheep and goats. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (GC–MS) adapted to cleanup procedures based on solid-phase extraction from QuEChERS method was adopted. The work was performed for quantitative affirmation of most customarily used pesticides in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region of Iraq and also the impact of boiling (100 °C, 30 min) and broiling (176 °C, 20 min) on chosen pesticides was evaluated. Among the results of 150 fat samples presented, the dominant compound in cattle samples was hexachlorobenzene (0.236 mg kg−1); while, in sheep and goats it was deltamethrin (0.248 and 0.122 mg kg−1 respectively). Boiling reduced pesticide concentration significantly (P < 0.05) and the most reduced group was pyrethroids in both techniques. Good responses for the six analytes were obtained at validation level of 0.01–0.1 mg kg−1. The linear coefficient was between 0.9997 and 0.9999 and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) ranged 0.0052–0.014 mg kg−1 and 0.015–0.044 mg kg−1 respectively. Acceptable recoveries (81.5–98.6%) and relative standard deviation (0.3–9.3%) were obtained in different spiked levels. The validation results confirmed that the proposed GC–MS technique can be utilized as a dependable screening apparatus for the quantitative screening of studied pesticides in fat tissues with accuracy and sensitivity, if deployed along with solid-phase extraction based QuEChERS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Yaseen Hamadamin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, New Sulaimani, Street 27, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Khulod Ibraheem Hassan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sulaimani, New Sulaimani, Street 27, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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26
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Wang J, Xu J, Ji X, Wu H, Yang H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Li Z, Ni X, Qian M. Determination of veterinary drug/pesticide residues in livestock and poultry excrement using selective accelerated solvent extraction and magnetic material purification combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1617:460808. [PMID: 31982099 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method based on selective accelerated solvent extraction and magnetic material purification was established to analyze the residues of various veterinary antibiotics and agricultural fungicides and insecticides in livestock and poultry excrement. Methanol-acetonitrile (4:1, V/V) was used as the extraction solvent and static extraction was conducted three times in 5 min. Preliminary purification was achieved by adding 0.5 g acidic alumina-florisil (1:1, W/W) to the extraction cell while the extraction was conducted. This preliminarily-purified extract was further purified using magnetic material, then analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. Under optimal conditions, 33 types of antibiotics, including 3 amphenicols, 8 macrolides, 17 sulfonamides and 5 nitroimidazoles, as well as 37 types of pesticides, including 27 insecticides and 10 fungicides, were detected. Recoveries ranged from 60.3% to 110.0% at three spiked concentrations (10 μg/kg, 20 μg/kg and 50 μg/kg), the detection limits ranged from 0.2 to 3.5 μg/kg and the quantitative limits ranged from 0.5 to 11.5 μg/kg. This newly-established method was tested using 30 livestock and poultry excrement samples and confirmed its use for determining veterinary drugs and pesticides in practical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Wang
- A State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- A State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Ji
- A State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Huizhen Wu
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, PR China
| | - Hua Yang
- A State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Hu Zhang
- A State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Zuguang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Ni
- A State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- A State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China.
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Song NE, Lee JY, Mansur AR, Jang HW, Lim MC, Lee Y, Yoo M, Nam TG. Determination of 60 pesticides in hen eggs using the QuEChERS procedure followed by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2019; 298:125050. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Douglas L, MacKinnon G, Cook G, Duncan H, Briddon A, Seamark S. The risk of chlorpropham cross-contamination of grain in potato stores. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Trends of research on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food: A 20-year perspective from 1997 to 2017. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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31
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High-throughput analytical method for 265 pesticides and environmental contaminants in meats and poultry by fast low pressure gas chromatography and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1572:203-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Possibilities and Limitations of Isocratic Fast Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Gao YL, Sun P. Determination of five pyrethroid pesticides residue in liquid milk by gas chromatography using multi-walled carbon nanotubes as dispersion solid phase extraction sorbent. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2017.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. L. Gao
- Testing Centre, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
- Mudanjiang Food and Bio·Technology Innovation Institute, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Mudanjiang, 157000, P.R. China
- ,Test Center of Quality Supervision and Inspection of Processed Agricultural Products in Department of Agriculture, Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - P. Sun
- Testing Centre, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
- ,Test Center of Quality Supervision and Inspection of Processed Agricultural Products in Department of Agriculture, Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
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Barchanska H, Danek M, Sajdak M, Turek M. Review of Sample Preparation Techniques for the Analysis of Selected Classes of Pesticides in Plant Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 48:467-491. [PMID: 29621408 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1451297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to present the trends in extraction techniques applied for the isolation of pesticides from plant matrix. To fully compare the effectiveness of different extraction techniques, it was required to analyze compounds with possibly wide spectrum of physicochemical properties. Hence, compounds representing neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, sulfonylureas and phenylamides were selected. Based on literature studies, it may be concluded that there are three main approaches to make the analytical procedures for pesticides determination more effective: (i) the optimization of extraction conditions, however, according to ANOVA conducted on the collected literature data, not all parameters influence the extraction process equally; chemometric studies based on literature reports may lead to the conclusion that the most favorable conditions (criterion: analyte recovery, repeatability) for neonicotinoid, pyrethroid and sulfonylurea herbicide extraction from plant tissues are provided by QuEChERS - extraction with acetonitrile, while the mixtures of PSA and GCB (for neonicotinoids), and PSA, GCB, C18 (for pyrethroids) should be used in d-SPE step. For sulfonylurea compounds and metalaxyl it was impossible to identify a sorbent(s) that cleans up the extract more effectively than the others; (ii) to develop a new generation of sorbents; however, the range of their applicability is limited, mainly due to difficulties in their synthesis; (iii) to develop the new extraction techniques with as few "trouble spots" as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Barchanska
- a Department of Inorganic , Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology , Gliwice , Poland
| | - Magdalena Danek
- a Department of Inorganic , Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology , Gliwice , Poland
| | - Marcin Sajdak
- b Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal , Zabrze , Poland
| | - Marian Turek
- a Department of Inorganic , Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology , Gliwice , Poland
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Yao F, Wang J, Chen J, Zhang H, Qian M, Zeng Y, Xia W, Lu Y. Efficient Detection of α-, β-, and γ-Hexabromocyclododecane Isomers and Their Hydroxylated Metabolites in Poultry Tissues Based on Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction Using an Enhanced Lipid-Removing Material Combined with UPLC-MS/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Hakme E, Lozano A, Uclés S, Fernández-Alba AR. Further improvements in pesticide residue analysis in food by applying gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ-MS/MS) technologies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:5491-5506. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Oliveira FADS, Pereira ENC, Gobbi JM, Soto-Blanco B, Melo MM. Multiresidue method for detection of pesticides in beef meat using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) after QuEChERS extraction. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:94-109. [PMID: 29058520 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1395519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Beef meat is an important food that can be contaminated by pesticides. This study aimed to optimize a multiresidue method for identification and quantification of pesticides in beef meat by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS). The extraction and clean-up procedures were adapted from the QuECHERS method. From the 188 analytes tested, the method was validated as qualitative method for 19 compounds and as quantitative method for 152 compounds. The results were satisfactory, yielding coefficients of variation of less than 20% and recoveries ranging from 70% to 120% and expanded uncertainty of less than 50%. The quantification limit was typically 10 µg kg-1 (but 25 µg kg-1 for 12 of the compounds) and the detection limit was 5.0 µg kg-1. Thirty-two real samples of commercialized beef meat were analyzed without any residual pesticide being found. Thus, the results showed that the multiresidue method for detecting 171 pesticides, using adapted QuECHERS for extraction and LC-MS for detection, is suitable for analyzing beef meat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elba Nathália Corrêa Pereira
- a Laboratório de Pesticidas , Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário em Minas Gerais (LANAGRO-MG) , Pedro Leopoldo , Brazil
| | - Jennifer Mattedi Gobbi
- b Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- b Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Marília Martins Melo
- b Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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38
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Simultaneous analysis of aminoglycosides with many other classes of drug residues in bovine tissues by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using an ion-pairing reagent added to final extracts. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:1095-1109. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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39
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Fontana AR, Bottini R. Filter-vial dispersive solid-phase extraction as a simplified clean-up for determination of ethylphenols in red wines. Food Chem 2017; 230:405-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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A novel approach for simultaneous determination of E/Z-fluoxastrobins in vegetables and fruits by UHPLC-DAD. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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41
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Appah E, Elzey B, Fakayode SO. Investigation of the binding and simultaneous quantifications of propanil and bromoxynil herbicide concentrations in human serum albumin. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:495-504. [PMID: 28541121 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1303323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reported the use of UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy and partial-least-square (PLS) multivariate regression for accurate and simultaneous quantifications of two widely used herbicides, propanil, 3',4'-dichloropropionanilide (PPL) and bromoxynil, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (BXL) in human serum albumin (HSA) at physiological conditions. The binding affinity and thermodynamic properties of PPL-HSA and BXL-HSA complexes were also investigated. Partial-least-square (PLS) regression was used to collate the variability in the absorption or emission spectra of PPL-HSA and BXL-HSA complexes with PPL and/or BXL concentrations in HSA samples. The binding constants of 7.66× 108 M-1 for PPL-HSA and 4.88× 106 M-1 for BXL-HSA complexes were calculated at physiological conditions (temperature, 310 K; pH 7.4). Thermodynamic parameter values: enthalpy (ΔH) (13.99 kJ mol-1), entropy (ΔS) (0.078 kJ mol-1 K-1), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) (-10.19 kJ mol-1) were determined for PPL-HSA complexation at physiological conditions. However, differences in thermodynamic property values of: ΔH (-214.3 kJ mol-1), ΔS (-0.563 kJ mol-1 K-1), and ΔG (-39.70 kJ mol-1) were observed for BXL-HSA complexes. The binding constants and negative ΔG values indicated strong binding affinity and thermodynamically favorability of PPL-HSA and BXL-HSA complex formation. Results of the PLS regression calibration showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.998289), high sensitivity, and impressive low limit-of-detections (LODs) of 1.38× 10-8 M for PPL and 1.68× 10-8 M for BXL that are comparable and/or lower than many previously reported LODs for herbicide and pesticide analyses. Most importantly, PLS regression is capable of simultaneous quantifications of PPL and BXL concentrations in HSA samples with good accuracy and low errors of 3.66%. UV-visible spectrophotometers and spectrofluorometers are fairly inexpensive, easy to use, and are readily available in almost every laboratory, making this protocol excellent and affordable for routine analysis of weed/pest control chemical residues in humans. The results of this study are significant and remarkable that will provide critical insight into the binding mechanism of herbicide toxicity in humans and non-target organisms, which are of special interest in the area of biomedical study, environmental risk assessment, and ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Appah
- a Department of Chemistry , North Carolina A&T State University , Greensboro , North Carolina , USA
| | - Brianda Elzey
- a Department of Chemistry , North Carolina A&T State University , Greensboro , North Carolina , USA
| | - Sayo O Fakayode
- a Department of Chemistry , North Carolina A&T State University , Greensboro , North Carolina , USA
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42
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Stachniuk A, Szmagara A, Czeczko R, Fornal E. LC-MS/MS determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:446-457. [PMID: 28353394 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1301755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the research is to evaluate pesticide residue contamination of fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables, agricultural raw material, purchased from Polish farmers for production of frozen fruits and vegetables, and the estimation of the multiresidue method effectiveness expressed as the proportion of pesticides detected in food samples to the total number of pesticides analyzed by multiresidue methods. A total of 144 samples (of black currants, red currants, raspberries, cherries, strawberries, blackberries, cauliflowers and broccoli) were analyzed using LC-MS/MS method for the determination of 60 pesticides. QuEChERS extraction, matrix-matched calibration and dynamic multiple reaction monitoring method were used. Residues of 15 compounds, mainly fungicides and insecticides, were detected in 46 samples. The percentage of samples with residues above the maximum residue levels (MRL) was 15%, whereas samples with residues below MRL were 17%. A total of 13 samples contained more than one pesticide residue. Pesticide residues were detected most often in samples of black currants (50%), broccoli (36.4%), raspberries (29%) and red currants (21.8%). The most frequently detected pesticides were carbendazim and acetamiprid. The proportion of pesticides detected during our study to the total number of analyzed pesticides amounted to 25%. It was compared to literature findings. For three fourth of multiresidue methods, the proportion was below 50% for methods developed for the analysis of less than 100 pesticides, and below 30% for methods developed for the analysis of more than 100 pesticides. It appears that a lot of efforts and means is lost on pesticides never or rarely detected in examined samples. The workload and cost effectiveness of the development and application of multiresidue methods along with the range of pesticides covered by the method should be carefully and thoroughly considered anytime when a new method or workflow is developed. Including non-targeted screenings in pesticide residue control seems to be an alternative worth considering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stachniuk
- a Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications , Center for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szmagara
- b Laboratory of Composite and Biomimetic Materials, Center for Interdisciplinary Research , The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Renata Czeczko
- c Chemistry Department , University of Live Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Emilia Fornal
- d Chair and Department of Pathophysiology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
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43
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Shao G, Agar J, Giese RW. Cold-induced aqueous acetonitrile phase separation: A salt-free way to begin quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1506:128-133. [PMID: 28558907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cooling a 1:1 (v/v) solution of acetonitrile and water at -16° C is known to result in two clear phases. We will refer to this event as "cold-induced aqueous acetonitrile phase separation (CIPS)". On a molar basis, acetonitrile is 71.7% and 13.6% in the upper and lower phases, respectively, in our study. The phase separation proceeds as a descending cloud of microdroplets. At the convenient temperature (typical freezer) employed here the lower phase is rather resistant to solidification, although it emerges from the freezer as a solid if various insoluble matter is present at the outset. In a preliminary way, we replaced the initial (salting-out) step of a representative QuEChERS procedure with CIPS, applying this modified procedure ("CIPS-QuEChERS") to a homogenate of salmon (and partly to beef). Three phases resulted, where only the upper, acetonitrile-rich phase is a liquid (that is completely clear). The middle phase comprises ice and precipitated lipids, while the lower phase is the residual matrix of undissolved salmon or meat. Treating the upper phase from salmon, after isolation, with anhydrous MgSO4 and C18-Si (typical QuEChERS dispersive solid phase extraction sorbents), and injecting into a GC-MS in a nontargeted mode, gives two-fold more preliminary hits for chemicals, and also number of spiked pesticides recovered, relative to that from a comparable QuEChERS method. In part, this is because of much higher background signals in the latter case. Further study of CIPS-QuEChERS is encouraged, including taking advantage of other QuERChERS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Barnett Institute, Bouve College, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey Agar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Barnett Institute, Bouve College, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roger W Giese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Barnett Institute, Bouve College, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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44
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Kaczyński P, Łozowicka B, Perkowski M, Szabuńko J. Multiclass pesticide residue analysis in fish muscle and liver on one-step extraction-cleanup strategy coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 138:179-189. [PMID: 28056418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of pesticide residues in fish samples is challenging due to the low concentrations and large number of analytes that need to be monitored and quantified in a complex matrix. This is the first report providing a novel one-step extraction-cleanup strategy for simultaneous analysis of over 340 pesticides in a fatty fish and liver matrix, coupled with liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The samples of fish muscle and liver were prepared according to the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) procedure, wherein the extraction and cleanup protocol were integrated into one step. Among the tested cleanup dispersive solid phase extraction sorbents (C18, primary-secondary amine, Z-Sep), chitin yielded the best results. Spike-in experiments were carried out at three different spiking levels in fish and liver to determine the recovery, precision and limits of detection of the method as well as the matrix effect. The method's detection limits ranged from 0.05 to 1.2μgkg-1, while recoveries of most pesticides were in the range of 70-120% with associated precision - relative standard deviations below 20%. A linear relationship was observed within the range of 0.005-1mgkg-1, and the correlation coefficient was R2>0.997. Expanded measurement uncertainty was estimated to be between 7% and 52%, on average. Matrix effects were evaluated and were not significant for the vast majority of pesticides. The validated method was employed in the analysis of 54 real fish and liver samples in which 10 different pesticides with concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.047mgkg-1 were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kaczyński
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Perkowski
- University of Białystok, Faculty of Law, Department of International Law, Mickiewicza 1, 15-213 Białystok, Poland
| | - Julia Szabuńko
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland
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45
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Anumol T, Lehotay SJ, Stevens J, Zweigenbaum J. Comparison of veterinary drug residue results in animal tissues by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole or quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry after different sample preparation methods, including use of a commercial lipid removal product. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2639-2653. [PMID: 28224246 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Veterinary drug residues in animal-derived foods must be monitored to ensure food safety, verify proper veterinary practices, enforce legal limits in domestic and imported foods, and for other purposes. A common goal in drug residue analysis in foods is to achieve acceptable monitoring results for as many analytes as possible, with higher priority given to the drugs of most concern, in an efficient and robust manner. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has implemented a multiclass, multi-residue method based on sample preparation using dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) for cleanup and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ) for analysis of >120 drugs at regulatory levels of concern in animal tissues. Recently, a new cleanup product called "enhanced matrix removal for lipids" (EMR-L) was commercially introduced that used a unique chemical mechanism to remove lipids from extracts. Furthermore, high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q/TOF) for (U)HPLC detection often yields higher selectivity than targeted QQQ analyzers while allowing retroactive processing of samples for other contaminants. In this study, the use of both d-SPE and EMR-L sample preparation and UHPLC-QQQ and UHPLC-Q/TOF analysis methods for shared spiked samples of bovine muscle, kidney, and liver was compared. The results showed that the EMR-L method provided cleaner extracts overall and improved results for several anthelmintics and tranquilizers compared to the d-SPE method, but the EMR-L method gave lower recoveries for certain β-lactam antibiotics. QQQ vs. Q/TOF detection showed similar mixed performance advantages depending on analytes and matrix interferences, with an advantage to Q/TOF for greater possible analytical scope and non-targeted data collection. Either combination of approaches may be used to meet monitoring purposes, with an edge in efficiency to d-SPE, but greater instrument robustness and less matrix effects when analyzing EMR-L extracts. Graphical abstract Comparison of cleanup methods in the analysis of veterinary drug residues in bovine tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Anumol
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE, 19808, USA
| | - Steven J Lehotay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA.
| | - Joan Stevens
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE, 19808, USA
| | - Jerry Zweigenbaum
- Agilent Technologies Inc., 2850 Centerville Road, Wilmington, DE, 19808, USA
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46
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Torbati M, Farajzadeh MA, Torbati M, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Development of solidification of floating organic drops liquid–liquid microextraction in a newly designed extraction device. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04028h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to continuous homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of organic droplets has been developed in a newly designed home-made extraction device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Faculty of Nutrition
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | - Mostafa Torbati
- Faculty of Dentistry
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
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47
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Determination of 103 Pesticides and Their Main Metabolites in Animal Origin Food by QuEChERS and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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48
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Beach DG, Walsh CM, Cantrell P, Rourke W, O'Brien S, Reeves K, McCarron P. Laser ablation electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry for regulatory screening of domoic acid in shellfish. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:2379-2387. [PMID: 27534707 PMCID: PMC5434922 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Domoic acid (DA) is a potent neurotoxin that accumulates in shellfish. Routine testing involves homogenization, extraction and chromatographic analysis, with a run time of up to 30 min. Improving throughput using ambient ionization for direct analysis of DA in tissue would result in significant time savings for regulatory testing labs. METHODS We assess the suitability of laser ablation electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (LAESI-HRMS) for high-throughput screening or quantitation of DA in a variety of shellfish matrices. The method was first optimized for use with HRMS detection. Challenges such as tissue sub-sampling, isobaric interferences and method calibration were considered and practical solutions developed. Samples included 189 real shellfish samples previously analyzed by regulatory labs as well as mussel matrix certified reference materials. RESULTS Domoic acid was selectively analyzed directly from shellfish tissue homogenates with a run time of 12 s. The limits of detection were between 0.24 and 1.6 mg DA kg-1 tissue, similar to those of LC/UV methods. The precision was between 27 and 44% relative standard deviation (RSD), making the technique more suited to screening than direct quantitation. LAESI-MS showed good agreement with LC/UV and LC/MS and was capable of identifying samples above and below 5 mg DA kg-1 wet shellfish tissue, one quarter of the regulatory limit. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the suitability of LAESI-MS for routine, high-throughput screening of DA. This approach could result in significant time savings for regulatory labs carrying out shellfish safety testing on thousands of samples annually. © 2016 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Beach
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada.
| | - Callee M Walsh
- Protea Biosciences Inc., 1311 Pineview Dr., Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Pamela Cantrell
- Protea Biosciences Inc., 1311 Pineview Dr., Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Wade Rourke
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1992 Agency Drive, Dartmouth, NS, B3B 1Y9, Canada
| | - Sinead O'Brien
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Kelley Reeves
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Pearse McCarron
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada
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Han L, Sapozhnikova Y, Matarrita J. Evaluation of a new carbon/zirconia-based sorbent for the cleanup of food extracts in multiclass analysis of pesticides and environmental contaminants. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4592-4602. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Han
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; Eastern Regional Research Center; Wyndmoor PA USA
| | - Yelena Sapozhnikova
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; Eastern Regional Research Center; Wyndmoor PA USA
| | - Jessie Matarrita
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; Eastern Regional Research Center; Wyndmoor PA USA
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental; Universidad de Costa Rica; San José Costa Rica
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Lehotay SJ, Han L, Sapozhnikova Y. Automated Mini-Column Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup for High-Throughput Analysis of Chemical Contaminants in Foods by Low-Pressure Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2016; 79:1113-1130. [PMID: 27616781 PMCID: PMC4995235 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the application of an automated high-throughput mini-cartridge solid-phase extraction (mini-SPE) cleanup for the rapid low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LPGC-MS/MS) analysis of pesticides and environmental contaminants in QuEChERS extracts of foods. Cleanup efficiencies and breakthrough volumes using different mini-SPE sorbents were compared using avocado, salmon, pork loin, and kale as representative matrices. Optimum extract load volume was 300 µL for the 45 mg mini-cartridges containing 20/12/12/1 (w/w/w/w) anh. MgSO4/PSA (primary secondary amine)/C18/CarbonX sorbents used in the final method. In method validation to demonstrate high-throughput capabilities and performance results, 230 spiked extracts of 10 different foods (apple, kiwi, carrot, kale, orange, black olive, wheat grain, dried basil, pork, and salmon) underwent automated mini-SPE cleanup and analysis over the course of 5 days. In all, 325 analyses for 54 pesticides and 43 environmental contaminants (3 analyzed together) were conducted using the 10 min LPGC-MS/MS method without changing the liner or retuning the instrument. Merely, 1 mg equivalent sample injected achieved <5 ng g-1 limits of quantification. With the use of internal standards, method validation results showed that 91 of the 94 analytes including pairs achieved satisfactory results (70-120 % recovery and RSD ≤ 25 %) in the 10 tested food matrices (n = 160). Matrix effects were typically less than ±20 %, mainly due to the use of analyte protectants, and minimal human review of software data processing was needed due to summation function integration of analyte peaks. This study demonstrated that the automated mini-SPE + LPGC-MS/MS method yielded accurate results in rugged, high-throughput operations with minimal labor and data review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Lehotay
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA
| | - Lijun Han
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yelena Sapozhnikova
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA
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