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Abdel-Nasser A, Badr AN, Fathy HM, Ghareeb MA, Barakat OS, Hathout AS. Antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic, and cytotoxic properties of bioactive secondary metabolites derived from Bacillus species. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16590. [PMID: 39025896 PMCID: PMC11258281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are hazardous carcinogens and mutagens produced by some molds, particularly Aspergillus spp. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria, extract and characterize their bioactive metabolites, and evaluate their antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic, and cytotoxic efficacy against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). Among the 36 bacterial strains isolated, ten bacterial isolates showed high antifungal activity, and thus were identified using biochemical parameters and MALDI-TOF MS. Bioactive metabolites were extracted from two bacterial isolates, and studied for their antifungal activity. The bioactive metabolites (No. 4, and 5) extracted from Bacillus cereus DSM 31T DSM, exhibited strong antifungal capabilities, and generated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polyphenols. The major VOCs were butanoic acid, 2-methyl, and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) in extracts No. 4, and 5 respectively. Cinnamic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid were the most abundant phenolic acids in extracts No. 4, and 5 respectively. These bioactive metabolites had antifungal efficiency against A. flavus and caused morphological alterations in fungal conidiophores and conidiospores. Data also indicated that both extracts No. 4, and 5 reduced AFB1 production by 99.98%. On assessing the toxicity of bioactive metabolites on A. salina the IC50 recorded 275 and 300 µg/mL, for extracts No. 4, and 5 respectively. Meanwhile, the effect of these extracts on HepG2 revealed that the IC50 of extract No. 5 recorded 79.4 µg/mL, whereas No. 4 showed no cytotoxic activity. It could be concluded that bioactive metabolites derived from Bacillus species showed antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activities, indicating their potential use in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abdel-Nasser
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, Food Industry and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N Badr
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, Food Industry and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hayam M Fathy
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mosad A Ghareeb
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Haddar, Imbaba, (P.O. 30), Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Olfat S Barakat
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal S Hathout
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, Food Industry and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
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Zhang X, Jiao R, Ren Y, Wang Y, Li H, Ou D, Ling N, Ye Y. Adsorptive removal of aflatoxin B1 via spore protein from Aspergillus luchuensis YZ-1. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135148. [PMID: 38986415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic mycotoxin commonly found in the environment. Finding efficient and environmentally friendly ways to remove AFB1 is critical. In this study, Aspergillus luchuensis YZ-1 demonstrated a potent ability to adsorb AFB1 for the first time, and the binding of AFB1 to YZ-1 is highly stable. Spores exhibited higher adsorption efficiency than mycelia, adsorbing approximately 95 % of AFB1 within 15 min. The spores were comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Various adsorption kinetic models (pseudo-first and pseudo-second order), adsorption isotherm models (Freundlich and Langmuir), Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the adsorption properties and mechanisms. The adsorption capacity of spores decreased with heating, urea, and SDS treatments, indicating that spore proteins may be the primary substance for AFB1 adsorption. Subsequent experiments showed that proteins with molecular weights greater than 50 kDa played a key role in the adsorption. Additionally, the spores possess excellent storage properties and are valuable for adsorbing AFB1 from vegetable oils. Therefore, the YZ-1 spores hold promise for development into a novel biosorbent for AFB1 removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Rui Jiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yuwei Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Dexin Ou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Na Ling
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yingwang Ye
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Ma J, Gao C, Lin M, Sun Z, Zhao Y, Li X, Zhao T, Xu X, Sun W. Control of Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat with Bacillus velezensis E2 and Potential Mechanisms of Action. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:390. [PMID: 38921376 PMCID: PMC11204721 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Wheat plants are impacted by Fusarium head blight (FHB) infection, which poses a huge threat to wheat growth, development, storage and food safety. In this study, a fungal strain was isolated from diseased wheat plants and identified as Fusarium asiaticum F1, known to be a member of the Fusarium graminearum species complex, agents causally responsible for FHB. In order to control this disease, new alternatives need to be developed for the use of antagonistic bacteria. Bacillus velezensis E2 (B. velezensis E2), isolated from a previous investigation in our laboratory, showed a notable inhibitory effect on F. asiaticum F1 growth and deoxynivalenol (DON) synthesis in grains. The spore germination of F. asiaticum F1 was significantly reduced and the spores showed vesicular structures when treated with B. velezensis E2. Observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the hyphae of F. asiaticum F1 were shrunken and broken when treated with B. velezensis E2. The RNA-seq results of F1 hyphae treated with B. velezensis E2 showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were involved in multiple metabolic pathways such as toxin synthesis, autophagy process and glycan synthesis, especially the genes associated with DON synthesis, were significantly downregulated. In summary, those results showed that B. velezensis E2 could inhibit F. asiaticum F1 growth and reduce the gene expression of DON synthesis caused by F1. This study provides new insights and antagonistic mechanisms for the biological control of FHB during wheat growth, development and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Ma
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.M.); (C.G.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Chen Gao
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.M.); (C.G.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Meiwei Lin
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.M.); (C.G.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Zhenzhong Sun
- Jiangsu Suhe Socialized Agriculture Service Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210012, China;
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.M.); (C.G.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Xin Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.M.); (C.G.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Tianyuan Zhao
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.M.); (C.G.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Xingang Xu
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.M.); (C.G.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (X.X.)
| | - Weihong Sun
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.M.); (C.G.); (M.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (T.Z.); (X.X.)
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James N, Umesh M. Multifarious Potential of Biopolymer-Producing Bacillus subtilis NJ14 for Plant Growth Promotion and Stress Tolerance in Solanum lycopercicum L. and Cicer arietinum L: A Way Toward Sustainable Agriculture. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1031-1050. [PMID: 38097901 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Diverse practices implementing biopolymer-producing bacteria have been examined in various domains lately. PHAs are among the major biopolymers whose relevance of PHA-producing bacteria in the field of crop improvement is one of the radical unexplored aspects in the field of agriculture. Prolonging shelf life is one serious issue hindering the establishment of biofertilizers. Studies support that PHA can help bacteria survive stressed conditions by providing energy. Therefore, PHA-producing bacteria with Plant Growth-Promoting ability can alter the existing problem of short shelf life in biofertilizers. In the present study, Bacillus subtilis NJ14 was isolated from the soil. It was explored to understand the ability of the strain to produce PHA and augment growth in Solanum lycopersicum and Cicer arietinum. NJ14 strain improved the root and shoot length of both plants significantly. The root and shoot length of S. lycopersicum was increased by 3.49 and 0.41 cm, respectively. Similarly, C. arietinum showed a 9.55 and 8.24 cm increase in root and shoot length, respectively. The strain also exhibited halotolerant activity (up to 10%), metal tolerance to lead (up to 1000 μg/mL) and mercury (up to 100 μg/mL), indicating that the NJ14 strain can be an ideal candidate for a potent biofertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilina James
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Mridul Umesh
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India.
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Luo L, Zhang X, Wu X, Liu W, Liu J. Identification of Gonatophragmium mori Causing Mulberry Zonate Leaf Spot Disease and Characterization of Their Biological Enemies in Guangxi, China. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:162-174. [PMID: 37552161 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-23-0738-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry zonate leaf spot disease (MZLSD) is an important fungal disease of mulberry trees, which seriously affects the productivity and quality of mulberry leaves. MZLSD has been widely reported in sericultural production areas in Guangxi, China, in recent years. In this study, the causal agent of MZLSD was isolated from symptomatic samples and identified as Gonatophragmium mori (Acrospermaceae) based on morphological characterization and molecular analyses using nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA). Pathogenicity tests confirmed that G. mori is the pathogen responsible for MZLSD. Furthermore, we isolated antagonistic endophytic bacteria (AEB) from healthy mulberry leaves. Plate confrontation experiments showed that the lipopeptide crude extracts (LPCE) of three endophytic bacteria can inhibit the growth of G. mori, and the diameter of the antibacterial circle reaches more than 60 mm when their concentration of LPCE is 200 mg/ml. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that LPCE caused drastic changes in mycelial morphology. Fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the LPCE-induced apoptosis-like cell death in G. mori hyphae. Finally, based on morphological and molecular features, we identified the three isolates as Bacillus subtilis DS07, B. subtilis DS32, and B. velezensis Q6, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first time to identify G. mori by combining characterization and molecular analyses, and we provide timely information about the use of biocontrol agents for suppression of G. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Integrative Microbiology Research Center, College of Plant Protection, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xingnan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Weifu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jiping Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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Zhong J, Sui WW, Bai XY, Qiu ZL, Li XG, Zhu JZ. Characterization and biocontrol mechanism of Streptomyces olivoreticuli as a potential biocontrol agent against Rhizoctonia solani. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105681. [PMID: 38072538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a widespread and devastating plant pathogenic fungus that infects many important crops. This pathogen causes tobacco target spot, a disease that is widespread in many tobacco-growing countries and is destructive to tobacco. To identify antagonistic microorganisms with biocontrol potential against this disease, we isolated Streptomyces strains from forest inter-root soil and screened a promising biocontrol strain, ZZ-21. Based on in vitro antagonism assays, ZZ-21 showed a significant inhibitory effect on R. solani and various other phytopathogens. ZZ-21 was identified as Streptomyces olivoreticuli by its phenotypic, genetic, physiological and biochemical properties. Complete genome sequencing revealed that ZZ-21 harbored numerous antimicrobial biosynthesis gene clusters. ZZ-21 significantly reduced the lesion length in detached inoculated leaf assays and reduced the disease index under greenhouse and field conditions. Based on an in vitro antagonistic assay of ZZ-21 culture, the strain exhibited an antifungal activity against R. solani in a dose-dependent manner. The culture filtrate could impair membrane integrity, possibly through membrane lipid peroxidation. ZZ-21 could secrete multiple extracellular enzymes and siderophores. According to a series of antifungal assays, the extracellular metabolites of ZZ-21 contained antimicrobial bioactive compounds composed of proteins/peptides extracted using ammonium sulfate precipitation, which were stable under stress caused by high temperature and protease K. The EC50 value for ammonium sulfate precipitation was determined to be 21.11 μg/mL in this study. Moreover, the proteins/peptides also exhibited biocontrol ability and were observed to alter the plasma membrane integrity of R. solani which were evaluated by biocontrol efficacy assays on detached tobacco leaves and PI staining. Overall, strain ZZ-21 shows the potential to be developed into a biopesticide against tobacco target spot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China
| | - Wen Wen Sui
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China
| | - Xin Yi Bai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China
| | - Ze Lan Qiu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China
| | - Xiao Gang Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China.
| | - Jun Zi Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China.
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Zhao J, Yang J, Li H, Ning H, Chen J, Chen Z, Zhao H, Zhao H. Mechanism Underlying Bacillus subtilis BS-Z15 Metabolite-Induced Prevention of Grain Contamination by Aspergillus flavus. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:667. [PMID: 38133171 PMCID: PMC10748098 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15120667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus can cause mildew in corn, peanuts, and other foods as well as animal feed, which seriously endangers human and livestock health; thus, preventing A. flavus contamination is imperative. Previous studies have found that the secondary metabolites of Bacillus subtilis BS-Z15 have broad-spectrum-inhibiting fungal activity, further confirming that the main active inhibiting fungal substance is Mycosubtilin (Myco). In this paper, corn and peanuts were treated with 0, 100, and 200 μg/mL BS-Z15 secondary metabolites (BS-Z15-SMA) for 7 days, and the aflatoxin contamination prevention effect was examined. The results showed that with increasing BS-Z15-SMA concentration, the aflatoxin contamination prevention effect was significantly enhanced. The above toxicity phenomena became more significant with extended BS-Z15-SMA treatment time. Scanning electron microscopy showed that 4 μg/mL Myco treatment resulted in a dented A. flavus surface and breakage of both the conidial stem and the mycelium. Transcriptome results showed that Myco significantly affected gene expression in A. flavus spores. The downregulated genes were significantly enriched in cell wall synthesis, transcription and translation, transmembrane transport pathways, and pathways related to key enzymes for aflatoxin synthesis. These results suggest that Myco could be used as a new bioactive material to prevent aflatoxin synthesis and contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Huanchen Ning
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Heping Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huixin Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
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Kiernan DP, O’Doherty JV, Sweeney T. The Effect of Maternal Probiotic or Synbiotic Supplementation on Sow and Offspring Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Health, and Performance. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2996. [PMID: 37835602 PMCID: PMC10571980 DOI: 10.3390/ani13192996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens has prompted the reduction in antibiotic and antimicrobial use in commercial pig production. This has led to increased research efforts to identify alternative dietary interventions to support the health and development of the pig. The crucial role of the GIT microbiota in animal health and performance is becoming increasingly evident. Hence, promoting an improved GIT microbiota, particularly the pioneer microbiota in the young pig, is a fundamental focus. Recent research has indicated that the sow's GIT microbiota is a significant contributor to the development of the offspring's microbiota. Thus, dietary manipulation of the sow's microbiota with probiotics or synbiotics, before farrowing and during lactation, is a compelling area of exploration. This review aims to identify the potential health benefits of maternal probiotic or synbiotic supplementation to both the sow and her offspring and to explore their possible modes of action. Finally, the results of maternal sow probiotic and synbiotic supplementation studies are collated and summarized. Maternal probiotic or synbiotic supplementation offers an effective strategy to modulate the sow's microbiota and thereby enhance the formation of a health-promoting pioneer microbiota in the offspring. In addition, this strategy can potentially reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the sow and her offspring, enhance the immune potential of the milk, the immune system development in the offspring, and the sow's feed intake during lactation. Although many studies have used probiotics in the maternal sow diet, the most effective probiotic or probiotic blends remain unclear. To this extent, further direct comparative investigations using different probiotics are warranted to advance the current understanding in this area. Moreover, the number of investigations supplementing synbiotics in the maternal sow diet is limited and is an area where further exploration is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon P. Kiernan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John V. O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland;
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Dobrzyński J, Jakubowska Z, Kulkova I, Kowalczyk P, Kramkowski K. Biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens by Bacillus pumilus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1194606. [PMID: 37560520 PMCID: PMC10407110 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1194606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacteria are one of the most interesting methods of controlling fungal phytopathogens. These bacteria can participate in biocontrol via a variety of mechanisms including lipopeptide production, hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., chitinase, cellulases, glucanase) production, microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) production, and induced systemic resistance (ISR) triggering. Among the bacterial genera most frequently studied in this aspect are Bacillus spp. including Bacillus pumilus. Due to the range of biocontrol traits, B. pumilus is one of the most interesting members of Bacillus spp. that can be used in the biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens. So far, a number of B. pumilus strains that exhibit biocontrol properties against fungal phytopathogens have been described, e.g., B. pumilus HR10, PTB180, B. pumilus SS-10.7, B. pumilus MCB-7, B. pumilus INR7, B. pumilus SE52, SE34, SE49, B. pumilus RST25, B. pumilus JK-SX001, and B. pumilus KUDC1732. B. pumilus strains are capable of suppressing phytopathogens such as Arthrobotrys conoides, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fagopyrum esculentum. Importantly, B. pumilus can promote plant growth regardless of whether it alters the native microbiota or not. However, in order to increase its efficacy, research is still needed to clarify the relationship between the native microbiota and B. pumilus. Despite that, it can already be concluded that B. pumilus strains are good candidates to be environmentally friendly and commercially effective biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Dobrzyński
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Jakubowska
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Iryna Kulkova
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Lalanne-Tisné G, Barral B, Taibi A, Coulibaly ZK, Burguet P, Rasoarahona F, Quinton L, Meile JC, Boubakri H, Kodja H. Exploring the Phytobeneficial and Biocontrol Capacities of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Hybrid Vanilla Pods. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1754. [PMID: 37512926 PMCID: PMC10385615 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, 58 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from pods of two hybrid vanilla plants from Madagascar, Manitra ampotony and Tsy taitra. They were genetically characterized and divided into four distinct phylotypes. Three were associated to genus Bacillus species, and the fourth to the genus Curtobacterium. A selection of twelve strains corresponding to the identified genetic diversity were tested in vitro for four phytobeneficial capacities: phosphate solubilisation, free nitrogen fixation, and phytohormone and siderophore production. They were also evaluated in vitro for their ability to biocontrol the growth of the vanilla pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis vanillae and Cholletotrichum orchidophilum. Three bacteria of phylotype 4, m62a, m64 and m65, showed a high nitrogen fixation capacity in vitro, similar to the Pseudomonas florescens F113 bacterium used as a control (phospate solubilizing efficiency respectively 0.50 ± 0.07, 0.43 ± 0.07 and 0.40 ± 0.06 against 0.48 ± 0.03). Strain t2 related to B. subtilis showed a higher siderophore production than F113 (respectively 1.40 ± 0.1 AU and 1.2 ± 0.1 AU). The strain m72, associated with phylotype 2, showed the highest rate of production of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in vitro. Bacteria belonging to the pylotype 4 showed the best capacity to inhibit fungal growth, especially the strains m62b m64 and t24, which also induced a significant zone of inhibition, suggesting that they may be good candidates for controlling fungal diseases of vanilla. This competence was highlighted with spectral imaging showing the production of lipopeptides (Iturin A2 and A3, C16 and C15-Fengycin A and C14 and C15-Surfactin) by the bacterial strains m65 confronted with the pathogenic fungi of vanilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lalanne-Tisné
- QualiSud, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université La Réunion, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Université de La Réunion, 7 Chemin de l'Irat, F-97410 Saint Pierre, France
| | - Bastien Barral
- QualiSud, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université La Réunion, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Université de La Réunion, 7 Chemin de l'Irat, F-97410 Saint Pierre, France
| | - Ahmed Taibi
- QualiSud, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université La Réunion, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Université de La Réunion, 7 Chemin de l'Irat, F-97410 Saint Pierre, France
| | - Zana Kpatolo Coulibaly
- QualiSud, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université La Réunion, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Burguet
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory-MolSys Research Unit, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Felah Rasoarahona
- École Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, Département IAA, Université d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Loic Quinton
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory-MolSys Research Unit, ULiège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Meile
- QualiSud, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université La Réunion, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, 7 Chemin de l'Irat, F-97410 Saint Pierre, France
| | - Hasna Boubakri
- Ecologie Microbienne, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hippolyte Kodja
- QualiSud, CIRAD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Université d'Avignon, Université La Réunion, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- Université de La Réunion, 7 Chemin de l'Irat, F-97410 Saint Pierre, France
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11
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Xiao P, Tian X, Zhu P, Xu Y, Zhou C. The use of surfactin in inhibiting Botrytis cinerea and in protecting winter jujube from the gray mold. AMB Express 2023; 13:37. [PMID: 37118318 PMCID: PMC10147881 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactin has the potential to be used as a food preservative. However, efficiency and action mechanism in various applications need more assessments and research. In this study, the antifungal effects and the mechanism of action of surfactin on the fungus Botrytis cinerea were investigated. The effects of applying surfactin for the removal of gray mold on the quality of winter jujube were investigated based on the changes in fruit fatty acids. The results showed that (1) surfactin significantly inhibited the growth of B. cinerea, the EC50 at 5 d was 46.42 mg/L. (2) Surfactin significantly reduced the disease incidence and diameter of gray mold-inoculated winter jujube in a concentration-dependent manner. For that treated with surfactin at the EC50, the incidence decreased by 38.89%. (3) For B. cinerea under surfactin treatment, the mycelial morphology changed, the levels of total lipids and ergosterol decreased, the reactive oxygen species levels increased, and the cell integrity was completely damaged. (4) For winter jujube inoculated by B. cinerea, the contents of saturated fatty acids decreased and unsaturated fatty acids increased. For those under the surfactin treatments, winter jujube maintained the fatty acid composition at the level of non-inoculated groups. Mechanical injury significantly changed the fatty acid composition of winter jujube; however, surfactin not only was able to inhibit the growth of gray mold but also mitigated the adverse effects from mechanical injury. The present study demonstrated the potential applications of surfactin in the preservation of postharvest fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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12
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Yuan S, Wu Y, Jin J, Tong S, Zhang L, Cai Y. Biocontrol Capabilities of Bacillus subtilis E11 against Aspergillus flavus In Vitro and for Dried Red Chili ( Capsicum annuum L.). Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050308. [PMID: 37235343 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a condiment with extensive nutritional value, chili is easy to be contaminated by Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) during field, transportation, and storage. This study aimed to solve the contamination of dried red chili caused by A. flavus by inhibiting the growth of A. flavus and detoxifying aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). In this study, Bacillus subtilis E11 (B. subtilis) screened from 63 candidate antagonistic bacteria exhibited the strongest antifungal ability, which could not only inhibit 64.27% of A. flavus but could also remove 81.34% of AFB1 at 24 h. Notably, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that B. subtilis E11 cells could resist a higher concentration of AFB1, and the fermentation supernatant of B. subtilis E11 could deform the mycelia of A. flavus. After 10 days of coculture with B. subtilis E11 on dried red chili inoculated with A. flavus, the mycelia of A. flavus were almost completely inhibited, and the yield of AFB1 was significantly reduced. Our study first concentrated on the use of B. subtilis as a biocontrol agent for dried red chili, which could not only enrich the resources of microbial strains for controlling A. flavus but also could provide theoretical guidance to prolong the shelf life of dried red chili.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuoqiu Tong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lincheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yafei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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13
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Zhang J, Tang X, Cai Y, Zhou WW. Mycotoxin Contamination Status of Cereals in China and Potential Microbial Decontamination Methods. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040551. [PMID: 37110209 PMCID: PMC10143121 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of mycotoxins in cereals can pose a significant health risk to animals and humans. China is one of the countries that is facing cereal contamination by mycotoxins. Treating mycotoxin-contaminated cereals with established physical and chemical methods can lead to negative effects, such as the loss of nutrients, chemical residues, and high energy consumption. Therefore, microbial detoxification techniques are being considered for reducing and treating mycotoxins in cereals. This paper reviews the contamination of aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, and ochratoxin A in major cereals (rice, wheat, and maize). Our discussion is based on 8700 samples from 30 provincial areas in China between 2005 and 2021. Previous research suggests that the temperature and humidity in the highly contaminated Chinese cereal-growing regions match the growth conditions of potential antagonists. Therefore, this review takes biological detoxification as the starting point and summarizes the methods of microbial detoxification, microbial active substance detoxification, and other microbial inhibition methods for treating contaminated cereals. Furthermore, their respective mechanisms are systematically analyzed, and a series of strategies for combining the above methods with the treatment of contaminated cereals in China are proposed. It is hoped that this review will provide a reference for subsequent solutions to cereal contamination problems and for the development of safer and more efficient methods of biological detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xi Tang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yifan Cai
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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14
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Liu L, Jin X, Lu X, Guo L, Lu P, Yu H, Lv B. Mechanisms of Surfactin from Bacillus subtilis SF1 against Fusarium foetens: A Novel Pathogen Inducing Potato Wilt. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030367. [PMID: 36983535 PMCID: PMC10056554 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt is a severe and worldwide disease in potato cultivation. In this study, Fusarium foetens was first identified as the pathogen of potato wilt. Bacillus subtilis SF1 has the potential for controlling potato wilt induced by F. foetens, resulting in a mycelium growth inhibition of 52.50 ± 2.59% in vitro and a significant decrease in incidence rate by 45.56% in vivo. This research highlighted the antifungal activity of surfactin from B. subtilis SF1 and attempted to reveal the unknown antifungal mechanisms. Surfactin inhibited F. foetens mycelium growth beyond the concentration of 20 μg/μL. Surfactin-treated mycelium appeared to have morphological malformation. Surfactin enhanced reduced glutathione production and caused the increase in values of the extracellular fluids in OD260 and OD280. Surfactin induced differential protein expression and changed the genes’ transcription levels. Surfactin binds to fungal DNA via groove-binding mode, with a binding constant of Kb 2.97 × 104 M−1. Moreover, B. subtilis SF1 harbored genes encoding plant-promoting determinants, making potato seedlings grow vigorously. The results will help provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of surfactin against filamentous fungi and the application of surfactin-producing microbial in the biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaofan Jin
- College of Life Science, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiuhua Lu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lizhong Guo
- College of Life Science, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Peiwei Lu
- Bayer Crop Science China Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (B.L.)
| | - Beibei Lv
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (B.L.)
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15
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Omotayo OP, Babalola OO. Fusarium verticillioides of maize plant: Potentials of propitious phytomicrobiome as biocontrol agents. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2023; 4:1095765. [PMID: 37746120 PMCID: PMC10512380 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2023.1095765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Disease outbreaks have been recorded due to exposure to Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin, a mycotoxin produced by this fungus. F. verticillioides is a fungal pathogen of maize that causes infections, such as wilting and rotting, while contact with its fumonisin derivative manifests in the form of mild to severe illnesses in humans and animals. Maize infection by F. verticillioides causes loss or reduction in expected crop yield, thereby influencing households and nations' economies. While several efforts have been made to control the pathogenic fungus and its occurrence in the environment, it remains a challenge in agriculture, particularly in maize production. Several microorganisms which are plant-associated, especially those associated with the rhizosphere niche have been noted to possess antagonistic effects against F. verticillioides. They can inhibit the pathogen and tackle its debilitating effects on plants. Hence this study reviews the use of rhizosphere-associated biocontrol agents, such as Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Microbacterium oleivorans which forms part of the phytomicrobiome in other to prevent and control this toxicogenic fungus. These microorganisms were found to not only be effective in controlling its occurrence on maize plants but are environmentally safe and promote crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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16
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Al-Rahbi BAA, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Harrasi MMA, Al-Sabahi JN, Al-Mahmooli IH, Blackburn D, Velazhahan R. Effectiveness of Endophytic and Rhizospheric Bacteria from Moringa spp. in Controlling Pythium aphanidermatum Damping-Off of Cabbage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:668. [PMID: 36771752 PMCID: PMC9919774 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from Moringa olifera and M. perigreina from Oman, and their in vitro antagonistic activity against Pythium aphanidermatum was tested using a dual culture assay. The promising strains were tested further for their compatibility and potential for plant growth promotion, biofilm formation, antifungal volatile organic compound (VOC) production, and the biological control of P. aphanidermatum damping-off of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) under greenhouse conditions. A total of 12 endophytic and 27 rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from Moringa spp. Among them, Bacillus pumilus MPE1 showed the maximum antagonistic activity against P. aphanidermatum in the dual culture assay, followed by Paenibacillus glucanolyticus MPE3 and Pseudomonas indica MOR3 and MOR8. These bacterial isolates induced abundant morphological abnormalities in the hyphae of P. aphanidermatum, as observed via scanning electron microscopy. The in vitro cross-streak assay showed that these bacterial isolates were compatible among themselves, except for P. indica MOR8 × P. glucanolyticus MPE3. These antagonists released VOCs that restricted the growth of P. aphanidermatum in an in vitro assay. These antagonistic bacteria released 2,4-dimethylheptane and 4-methyloctane as the predominant volatile compounds. Of the four antagonistic bacterial strains, P. indica MOR8 was capable of forming biofilm, which is considered a trait that improves the efficacy of rhizosphere inoculants. The results of the greenhouse experiments showed that the soil treatment with B. pumilus MPE1 showed the highest reduction (59%) in the incidence of P. aphanidermatum damping-off in cabbage, evidencing its potential as a biological control agent for the management of this disease. Further research is needed to characterize the antifungal traits and activities of B. pumilus MPE1 and to assert its potential use against other soil-borne plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina Aamir Ali Al-Rahbi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Majida Mohammed Ali Al-Harrasi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Jamal Nasser Al-Sabahi
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Issa Hashil Al-Mahmooli
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Daniel Blackburn
- Department of Soil, Water and Agricultural Engineering, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Rethinasamy Velazhahan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
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17
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Ahmad MM, Qamar F, Saifi M, Abdin MZ. Natural inhibitors: A sustainable way to combat aflatoxins. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:993834. [PMID: 36569081 PMCID: PMC9773886 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.993834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among a few hundred mycotoxins, aflatoxins had always posed a major threat to the world. Apart from A. flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. nomius of Aspergillus genus, which are most toxin-producing strains, several fungal bodies including Fusarium, Penicillium, and Alternaria that can biosynthesis aflatoxins. Basically, there are four different types of aflatoxins (Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), Aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), Aflatoxin G2 (AFG2)) are produced as secondary metabolites. There are certainly other types of aflatoxins found but they are the by-products of these toxins. The fungal agents generally infect the food crops during harvesting, storing, and/or transporting; making a heavy post-harvest as well as economic loss in both developed and developing countries. And while ingesting the crop products, these toxins get into the dietary system causing aflatoxicosis, liver cirrhosis, etc. Therefore, it is imperative to search for certain ways to control the spread of infections and/or production of these toxins which may also not harm the crop harvest. In this review, we are going to discuss some sustainable methods that can effectively control the spread of infection and inhibit the biosynthesis of aflatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik M. Ahmad
- Department of Agriculture, Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (IIAST), Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Firdaus Qamar
- CTPD, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Monica Saifi
- CTPD, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Malik Zainul Abdin
- CTPD, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Malik Zainul Abdin,
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18
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Comprehensive Review of Aflatoxin Contamination, Impact on Health and Food Security, and Management Strategies in Pakistan. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120845. [PMID: 36548742 PMCID: PMC9781569 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are the most important toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic fungal toxins that routinely contaminate food and feed. While more than 20 AFs have been identified to date, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), G2 (AFG2), and M1 (AFM1) are the most common. Over 25 species of Aspergillus have been shown to produce AFs, with Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus nomius being the most important and well-known AF-producing fungi. These ubiquitous molds can propagate on agricultural commodities to produce AFs in fields and during harvesting, processing, transportation, and storage. Countries with warmer climates and that produce foods susceptible to AF contamination shoulder a substantial portion of the global AF burden. Pakistan's warm climate promotes the growth of toxigenic fungi, resulting in frequent AF contamination of human foods and animal feeds. The potential for contamination in Pakistan is exacerbated by improper storage conditions and a lack of regulatory limits and enforcement mechanisms. High levels of AFs in common commodities produced in Pakistan are a major food safety problem, posing serious health risks to the population. Furthermore, aflatoxin contamination contributes to economic losses by limiting exports of these commodities. In this review, recent information regarding the fungal producers of AFs, prevalence of AF contamination of foods and feed, current regulations, and AF prevention and removal strategies are summarized, with a major focus on Pakistan.
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19
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Shakirov ZS, Mamanazarova КS, Sherembetov AG, Azimova NS. Antifungal properties of rhizobacterial strains in relation to fungi of agricultural crops. BIOSYSTEMS DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.15421/012242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
On earth, pathogenic fungal infections are considered one of the most common crop problems, accounting for more than 80% of all plant diseases. The production of biologics and the fight against pathogens are highly relevant priorities. In this article, rhizosphere cultures isolated from wheat root tubers have been studied in detail for the development of pathogenic fungi. In the course of research, the inhibitory properties of rhizobacteria against common pathogenic fungi were studied. The main mechanism of antagonism is that bacteria directly affect phytopathogens or increase plant resistance to diseases by enhancing immunity. The antagonistic activity of rhizospheric microorganisms was studied and the level of their action was determined. It has been established that wheat rhizospheric bacteria Escherichia hermannii, Enterobacter cloacae and Rahnella aquatilis affect the development of pathogens that cause Alternaria and Fusarium wilt. In the experiments, 46 strains of rhizobacteria of the genus Enterobacter (strain E. cloacae CCIM1022), Rahnella (R. aquatilis CCIM1023), Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Escherichia were isolated and the effectiveness of their antifungal properties on the reproduction of pathogenic fungi was tested. Pathogenic fungi Alternaria, Fusarium, causing diseases of vegetable and melon crops, were isolated from host plants. It is noted that rhizobacteria have a negative impact and block the development of pure cultures of fungi isolated from tomatoes, zucchini, figs, melons, causing fungal diseases on cups. The 46 isolated and tested strains of rhizobacteria effectively inhibited the development of pathogenic fungi. Of these, Rahnella is the first bacterium studied for this purpose, and has been given great importance in experiments to block the development of Alternaria (A. alternata CCIM 1021). The causative agents of alternariosis are widely open. However, large-scale analysis of their presence and control of pathogens has always been difficult. In experiments to combat the pathogen in the laboratory, a new agent was used to spread nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
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20
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Yang S, Yuan Z, Aweya JJ, Deng S, Weng W, Zhang Y, Liu G. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of peptide PvGBP2 against pathogenic bacteria that contaminate Auricularia auricular culture bags. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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21
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Li L, Li Y, Lu K, Chen R, Jiang J. Bacillus subtilis KLBMPGC81 suppresses appressorium-mediated plant infection by altering the cell wall integrity signaling pathway and multiple cell biological processes in Magnaporthe oryzae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:983757. [PMID: 36159636 PMCID: PMC9504064 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.983757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive crop pathogens in the world, causing huge losses in rice harvest every year. Bacillus subtilis is a potential biocontrol agent that has been explored in many crop systems because it is a potent producer of bioactive compounds. However, the mechanisms by which these agents control rice blasts are not fully understood. We show that B. subtilis KLBMPGC81 (KC81) and its supernatant (SUP) have high antimicrobial activity against M. oryzae strain Guy11. To better exploit KC81 as a biocontrol agent, the mechanism by which KC81 suppresses rice blast pathogens was investigated. This study shows that KC81 SUP is effective in controlling rice blast disease. The SUP has a significant effect on suppressing the growth of M. oryzae and appressorium-mediated plant infection. KC81 SUP compromises cell wall integrity, microtubules and actin cytoskeleton, mitosis, and autophagy, all of which are required for M. oryzae growth, appressorium development, and host infection. We further show that the SUP reduces the activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc2 by enhancing the phosphorylation of Cdc2 Tyr 15, thereby impairing mitosis in M. oryzae cells. SUP induces the cell wall sensor MoWsc1 to activate the cell wall integrity pathway and Mps1 and Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Taken together, our findings reveal that KC81 is an effective fungicide that suppresses M. oryzae growth, appressorium formation, and host infection by abnormally activating the cell wall integrity pathway, disrupting the cytoskeleton, mitosis, and autophagy.
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22
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Chaudhari AK, Singh VK, Das S, Kujur A, Deepika, Dubey NK. Unveiling the cellular and molecular mode of action of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell. essential oil against aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus isolated from stored maize samples. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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23
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Abrar A, Abbas M, Mehmood S, Ghani N, Fatima A, Shahzadi R. Scanning electron microscopy for identification of local strain of Aspergillus Parasiticus and its larvicidal efficacy against Aedes Aegypti and non-target toxicity testing on fingerlings of Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3187-3192. [PMID: 35662308 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy proved to be helpful in identification of Aspergillus parasiticus. A. parasiticus has a worldwide occurrence with high entomopathogenic efficacy against Aedes aegypti. However, assessment of pathogenic effects of entomopathogenic fungi on non-target organisms is required to evaluate its use as bio control agent. Aim of the present research is to study the parricidal activity of the local strain of A. parasiticus (MK371710) against A. aegypti and its toxicity assessment against aquatic model organism Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. A. parasiticus was isolated from the soil of Jallo Park, Lahore. The larvicidal effect of A. parasiticus was evaluated against fourth instar larvae of A. aegypti. Hundred percent of mortality of larvae was observed after exposure to 1 × 107 conidia/ml of fungal suspension after 72 h post treatment. The LC50 value of A. parsiticus in 24 h post treatment and 48 h post treatment was recorded as 1.0 × 107 conidia/ml 2.99 × 105 conidia/ml, respectively. However, an in-depth understanding safety to non-target organisms is necessary, if we are to properly control the action of these entomopathogenic fungi under natural conditions. For the toxicity assessment fingerlings of H. molitrix were exposed to conidial suspensions of A. parasiticus. Eye pop (64%), fin hemorrhage (33%), and scale infection (30%) were the major morphological effects observed during the study. Results reveal that although A. parasiticus is highly pathogenic to dengue vector but also have significant effects on organisms other than insects and its application as biological control agent requires safety considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Abrar
- Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Moneeza Abbas
- Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Salma Mehmood
- Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Ghani
- Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Fatima
- Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Shahzadi
- Department of Environmental Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Chen G, Fang Q, Liao Z, Xu C, Liang Z, Liu T, Zhong Q, Wang L, Fang X, Wang J. Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by a Potential Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WF2020. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:891091. [PMID: 35620100 PMCID: PMC9127598 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.891091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial degradation is considered as an attractive method to eliminate exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the most toxic mycotoxin that causes great economic losses and brings a serious threat to human and animal health, in food and feed. In this study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens WF2020, isolated from naturally fermented pickles, could effectively degrade AFB1 ranging from 1 to 8 μg/ml, and the optimum temperature and pH value were 37–45°C and 8.0, respectively. Moreover, B. amyloliquefaciens WF2020 was considered to be a potential probiotic due to the synthesis of active compounds, absence of virulence genes, susceptibility to various antibiotics, and enhanced lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Extracellular enzymes or proteins played a major role in AFB1 degradation mediated by B. amyloliquefaciens WF2020 into metabolites with low or no mutagenicity and toxicity to C. elegans. AFB1 degradation by the cell-free supernatant was stable up to 70°C, with an optimal pH of 8.0, and the cell-free supernatant could still degrade AFB1 by 37.16% after boiling for 20 min. Furthermore, B. amyloliquefaciens WF2020 caused a slight defect in fungal growth and completely inhibited AFB1 production when co-incubated with Aspergillus flavus. Additionally, B. amyloliquefaciens WF2020 suppressed the expression of 10 aflatoxin pathway genes and 2 transcription factors (alfR and alfS), suggesting that B. amyloliquefaciens WF2020 might inhibit AFB1 synthesis in A. flavus. These results indicate that B. amyloliquefaciens WF2020 and/or its extracellular enzymes or proteins have a promising potential to be applied in protecting food and feed from AFB1 contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian'an Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunwei Xu
- Guangdong Moyanghua Grains and Oils Co., Ltd., Yangjiang, China
| | - Zhibo Liang
- Guangdong Moyanghua Grains and Oils Co., Ltd., Yangjiang, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Shabeer S, Asad S, Jamal A, Ali A. Aflatoxin Contamination, Its Impact and Management Strategies: An Updated Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:307. [PMID: 35622554 PMCID: PMC9147583 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin, a type of mycotoxin, is mostly produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. It is responsible for the loss of billions of dollars to the world economy, by contaminating different crops such as cotton, groundnut, maize, and chilies, and causing immense effects on the health of humans and animals. More than eighteen different types of aflatoxins have been reported to date, and among them, aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 are the most prevalent and lethal. Early detection of fungal infection plays a key role in the control of aflatoxin contamination. Therefore, different methods, including culture, chromatographic techniques, and molecular assays, are used to determine aflatoxin contamination in crops and food products. Many countries have set a maximum limit of aflatoxin contamination (2-20 ppb) in their food and agriculture commodities for human or animal consumption, and the use of different methods to combat this menace is essential. Fungal infection mostly takes place during the pre- and post-harvest stage of crops, and most of the methods to control aflatoxin are employed for the latter phase. Studies have shown that if correct measures are adopted during the crop development phase, aflatoxin contamination can be reduced by a significant level. Currently, the use of bio-pesticides is the intervention employed in many countries, whereby atoxigenic strains competitively reduce the burden of toxigenic strains in the field, thereby helping to mitigate this problem. This updated review on aflatoxins sheds light on the sources of contamination, and the on occurrence, impact, detection techniques, and management strategies, with a special emphasis on bio-pesticides to control aflatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Shabeer
- Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Shahzad Asad
- Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Atif Jamal
- Crop Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
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Luise D, Bosi P, Raff L, Amatucci L, Virdis S, Trevisi P. Bacillus spp. Probiotic Strains as a Potential Tool for Limiting the Use of Antibiotics, and Improving the Growth and Health of Pigs and Chickens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:801827. [PMID: 35197953 PMCID: PMC8859173 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.801827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The pressure to increasingly optimize the breeding of livestock monogastric animals resulted in antimicrobials often being misused in an attempt to improve growth performance and counteract diseases in these animals, leading to an increase in the problem of antibiotic resistance. To tackle this problem, the use of probiotics, also known as direct in-feed microbials (DFM), seems to be one of the most promising strategies. Among probiotics, the interest in Bacillus strains has been intensively increased in recent decades in pigs and poultry. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the effectiveness of Bacillus strains as probiotics and as a potential strategy for reducing the misuse of antibiotics in monogastric animals. Thus, the potential modes of action, and the effects on the performance and health of pigs (weaning pigs, lactation and gestation sows) and broilers are discussed. These searches yielded 131 articles (published before January 2021). The present review showed that Bacillus strains could favor growth in terms of the average daily gain (ADG) of post-weaning piglets and broilers, and reduce the incidence of post-weaning diarrhea in pigs by 30% and mortality in broilers by 6-8%. The benefits of Bacillus strains on these parameters showed results comparable to the benefit obtained by the use of antibiotics. Furthermore, the use of Bacillus strains gives promising results in enhancing the local adaptative immune response and in reducing the oxidative stress of broilers. Fewer data were available regarding the effect on sows. Discordant effects have been reported regarding the effect on body weight (BW) and feed intake while a number of studies have supported the hypothesis that feeding probiotics to sows could benefit their reproductive performance, namely the BW and ADG of the litters. Taken all the above-mentioned facts together, this review confirmed the effectiveness of Bacillus strains as probiotics in young pigs and broilers, favoring their health and contributing to a reduction in the misuse of direct in-feed antibiotics. The continuous development and research regarding probiotics will support a decrease in the misuse of antibiotics in livestock production in order to endorse a more sustainable rearing system in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Luise
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lena Raff
- Chr. Hansen, Animal Health and Nutrition, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Laura Amatucci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Virdis
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Ren X, Branà MT, Haidukowski M, Gallo A, Zhang Q, Logrieco AF, Li P, Zhao S, Altomare C. Potential of Trichoderma spp. for Biocontrol of Aflatoxin-Producing Aspergillus flavus. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020086. [PMID: 35202114 PMCID: PMC8875375 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory action of 20 antagonistic Trichoderma isolates against the aflatoxigenic isolate A. flavus ITEM 9 (Af-9) and their efficacy in reducing aflatoxin formation in vitro were examined. Production of metabolites with inhibitory effect by the Trichoderma isolates was also investigated. Antagonistic effect against Af-9 was assessed by inhibition of radial growth of the colonies and by fungal interactions in dual confrontation tests. A total of 8 out of 20 isolates resulted in a significant growth inhibition of 3-day-old cultures of Af-9, ranging from 13% to 65%. A total of 14 isolates reduced significantly the aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) content of 15-day-old Af-9 cultures; 4 were ineffective, and 2 increased AfB1. Reduction of AfB1 content was up to 84.9% and 71.1% in 7- and 15-day-old cultures, respectively. Since the inhibition of Af-9 growth by metabolites of Trichoderma was not necessarily associated with inhibition of AfB1 production and vice versa, we investigated the mechanism of reduction of AfB1 content at the molecular level by examining two strains: one (T60) that reduced both growth and mycotoxin content; and the other (T44) that reduced mycotoxin content but not Af-9 growth. The expression analyses for the two regulatory genes aflR and aflS, and the structural genes aflA, aflD, aflO and aflQ of the aflatoxin biosynthesis cluster indicated that neither strain was able to downregulate the aflatoxin synthesis, leading to the conclusion that the AfB1 content reduction by these Trichoderma strains was based on other mechanisms, such as enzyme degradation or complexation. Although further studies are envisaged to identify the metabolites involved in the biocontrol of A. flavus and prevention of aflatoxin accumulation, as well as for assessment of the efficacy under controlled and field conditions, Trichoderma spp. qualify as promising agents and possible alternative options to other biocontrol agents already in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Ren
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Maria Teresa Branà
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.T.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Miriam Haidukowski
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.T.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Antonia Gallo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.G.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.Z.); (P.L.)
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.G.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Q.Z.); (P.L.)
| | - Shancang Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (C.A.); Tel.: +86-27-868-12943 (S.Z.); +39-80-592-9318 (C.A.)
| | - Claudio Altomare
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.T.B.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (C.A.); Tel.: +86-27-868-12943 (S.Z.); +39-80-592-9318 (C.A.)
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28
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Zhao S, Hao X, Yang F, Wang Y, Fan X, Wang Y. Antifungal Activity of Lactobacillus plantarum ZZUA493 and Its Application to Extend the Shelf Life of Chinese Steamed Buns. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020195. [PMID: 35053928 PMCID: PMC8775031 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can produce many kinds of antifungal substances, which have been widely proven to have antifungal activity. In this study, 359 strains of LAB were screened for antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (A. niger) using the 96-well microtiter plate method, and three showed strong activity. Of these, ZZUA493 showed a broad-spectrum antifungal ability against A. niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum. ZZUA493 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. Protease treatment, the removal of hydrogen peroxide with catalase and heat treatment had no effect on the antifungal activity of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of ZZUA493; organic acids produced by ZZUA493 appeared to have an important role in fungal growth inhibition. The contents of lactic acid, acetic acid and phenyllactic acid in the CFS tended to be stable at 48 h, and amounted to 28.5, 15.5 and 0.075 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, adding ZZUA493, as an ingredient during their preparation, prolonged the shelf life of Chinese steamed buns. Overall, ZZUA493 appears to have good potential as a fungal inhibitor for food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (S.Z.); (X.H.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.F.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiangmei Hao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (S.Z.); (X.H.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.F.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (S.Z.); (X.H.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.F.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (S.Z.); (X.H.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.F.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiaomiao Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (S.Z.); (X.H.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.F.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; (S.Z.); (X.H.); (F.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.F.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0371-67761726
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29
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Zhao M, Liu D, Liang Z, Huang K, Wu X. Antagonistic activity of Bacillus subtilis CW14 and its β-glucanase against Aspergillus ochraceus. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Yang Z, Jiang L, Zhang M, Deng Y, Suo W, Zhang H, Wang C, Li H. Bioconversion of Apple Pomace into Microbial Protein Feed Based on Extrusion Pretreatment. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:1496-1509. [PMID: 34762272 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Apple pomace (AP) is often used directly as animal feed, while the value of feeding is limited by its low protein content. In this study, extrusion pretreatment was performed for AP, and further fermentation was carried out to improve its nutrition value. Strains suitable for extruded apple pomace (EAP) to produce high-quality microbial protein (MP) feed were screened from 12 different strains. Results showed that Aspergillus niger 3.324 (Asn), Candida utilis1314 (Cau), Geotrichum candidum 1315 (Gec), Bacillus subtilis A308 (Bas1), and Lactic acid bacteria (Lac) were screened as the dominant strains, which exhibited higher feeding value. Strong symbiotic effect was observed in fermentation with mixed strains of Asn, Cau, Gec, and Lac at the ratio of 1:1:1:1. Compared with AP, the pure protein content in the optimized fermented EAP (FEAP) was increased by 138% accompanying with a pleasant flavor and taste. And its pure protein content was increased by 19.20% in comparison to that of the fermented apple pomace. The nutrition value of FEAP was characterized by amino acid profiles; it found that FEAP was comparable to other commercial proteins with higher contents of histidine, phenylalanine, threonine, and valine. Combination of fermentation and extrusion technology significantly enhanced pure protein content and nutritional composition of apple pomace, which was revalorized as a nutritive animal feed rich in microbial protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, Shandong, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, Shandong, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxin Deng
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Suo
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, Shandong, China
| | - Haijing Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, Shandong, China
| | - Chenjie Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, Shandong, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, Shandong, China.
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31
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Vlajkov V, Grahovac M, Budakov D, Loc M, Pajčin I, Milić D, Novaković T, Grahovac J. Distribution, Genetic Diversity and Biocontrol of Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus in Serbian Maize Fields. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100687. [PMID: 34678980 PMCID: PMC8540170 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is one of the leading export products in the Republic of Serbia. As a country where economic development depends on agriculture, maize production plays a critical role as a crop of strategic importance. Potential aflatoxin contamination of maize poses a risk to food and feed safety and tremendous economic losses. No aflatoxin contamination of maize samples harvested in 2019 and 2020 in different localities in the Republic of Serbia was detected by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. On the other hand, the Cluster Amplification Patterns (CAP) analyses of the isolated Aspergillus flavus strains from 2019 maize samples confirmed the presence of key biosynthesis genes responsible for aflatoxin production. Artificial inoculation and subsequent HPLC analysis of the inoculated maize samples confirmed the high capacity of the A. flavus strains for aflatoxin production, pointing to a high risk of contamination under favorable conditions. Prevention of aflatoxin contamination is primarily based on A. flavus control, where biocontrol agents play a significant role as sustainable disease management tools. In this study, antagonistic activity screening of the novel strains belonging to the Bacillus genus indicated superior suppression of A. flavus strains by two Bacillus strains isolated from the rhizosphere of Phaseolus vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Vlajkov
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.P.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (V.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Mila Grahovac
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.B.); (M.L.); (D.M.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: (V.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Dragana Budakov
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.B.); (M.L.); (D.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Marta Loc
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.B.); (M.L.); (D.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Ivana Pajčin
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.P.); (J.G.)
| | - Dragan Milić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.B.); (M.L.); (D.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Tihomir Novaković
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.B.); (M.L.); (D.M.); (T.N.)
| | - Jovana Grahovac
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (I.P.); (J.G.)
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Hu J, Zheng M, Dang S, Shi M, Zhang J, Li Y. Biocontrol Potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LYZ69 Against Anthracnose of Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa). PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1338-1348. [PMID: 33325723 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-20-0385-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose is a destructive disease of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) that causes severe yield losses. Biological control can be an effective and eco-friendly approach to control this alfalfa disease. In the present study, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LYZ69, previously isolated from healthy alfalfa roots, showed a strong in vitro antifungal activity against Colletotrichum truncatum, an important causal agent of anthracnose of alfalfa. The strain LYZ69 protected alfalfa plants (biocontrol efficacy of 82.59%) from anthracnose under greenhouse conditions. The cell-free culture (CFC) of LYZ69 (20%, vol/vol) caused 60 and 100% inhibition of mycelial growth and conidial germination, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry separated and identified cyclic lipopeptides (LPs) such as bacillomycin D and fengycin in the CFC of LYZ69. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the mixture of cyclic LPs produced by LYZ69 caused drastic changes in mycelial morphology. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the LPs induced reactive oxygen species accumulation and caused apoptosis-like cell death in C. truncatum hyphae. In summary, our findings provide evidence to support B. amyloliquefaciens LYZ69 as a promising candidate for the biological control of anthracnose in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Shuzhong Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Jinlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yanzhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
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Rodrigues AI, Gudiña EJ, Abrunhosa L, Malheiro AR, Fernandes R, Teixeira JA, Rodrigues LR. Rhamnolipids inhibit aflatoxins production in Aspergillus flavus by causing structural damages in the fungal hyphae and down-regulating the expression of their biosynthetic genes. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 348:109207. [PMID: 33930837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic and carcinogenic fungal secondary metabolites that usually contaminate crops and represent a serious health hazard for humans and animals worldwide. In this work, the effect of rhamnolipids (RLs) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa #112 on the growth and aflatoxins production by Aspergillus flavus MUM 17.14 was studied in vitro. At concentrations between 45 and 1500 mg/L, RLs reduced the mycelial growth of A. flavus by 23-40% and the production of aflatoxins by 93.9-99.5%. Purified mono-RLs and di-RLs exhibited a similar inhibitory activity on fungal growth. However, the RL mixture had a stronger inhibitory effect on aflatoxins production at concentrations up to 190 mg/L, probably due to a synergistic effect resulting from the combination of both congeners. Using transmission electron microscopy, it was demonstrated that RLs damaged the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane of the fungus, leading to the loss of intracellular content. This disruptive phenomenon explains the growth inhibition observed. Furthermore, RLs down-regulated the expression of genes aflC, aflE, aflP and aflQ involved in the aflatoxins biosynthetic pathway (6.4, 44.3, 38.1 and 2.0-fold, respectively), which is in agreement with the almost complete inhibition of aflatoxins production. Overall, the results herein gathered demonstrate for the first time that RLs could be used against aflatoxigenic fungi to attenuate the production of aflatoxins, and unraveled some of their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduardo J Gudiña
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Luís Abrunhosa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana R Malheiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Fernandes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Azish M, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Antifungal activity and mechanism of action of dichloromethane extract fraction A from Streptomyces libani against Aspergillus fumigatus. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1212-1225. [PMID: 33590651 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of antifungal action of Streptomyces libani dichloromethane extract fraction A (DCEFA) against Aspergillus fumigatus and the host cytotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS DCEFA was purified from S. libani by autobiography and showed strong antifungal activity against A. fumigatus. A combination of electron microscopy, cell permeability assays, total oxidant status (TOS) assay, cell cytotoxicity assay and haemolysis activity was carried out to determine the target site of DCEFA. Exposure of A. fumigatus to DCEFA caused the damage to membranous cellular structures and increased release of cellular materials, potassium ions and TOS production. DCEFA was bound to ergosterol but did not affect fungal cell wall and ergosterol content. DCEFA did not show any obvious haemolytic activity for RBCs and toxicity against HEK-293 cell line. CONCLUSIONS DCEFA may inhibit A. fumigatus growth by targeting fungal cell membrane which results in the leakage of potassium ions and other cellular components, TOS production and final cell death. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY DCEFA of S. libani could be considered as a potential source of novel antifungals which may be useful for drug development against A. fumigatus as a life-threatening human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azish
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Shams-Ghahfarokhi
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Egan M, Dempsey E, Ryan CA, Ross RP, Stanton C. The Sporobiota of the Human Gut. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-17. [PMID: 33406976 PMCID: PMC7801112 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1863134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a diverse and complex ecosystem that plays a critical role in health and disease. The composition of the gut microbiome has been well studied across all stages of life. In recent years, studies have investigated the production of endospores by specific members of the gut microbiome. An endospore is a tough, dormant structure formed by members of the Firmicutes phylum, which allows for greater resistance to otherwise inhospitable conditions. This innate resistance has consequences for human health and disease, as well as in biotechnology. In particular, the formation of endospores is strongly linked to antibiotic resistance and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes, also known as the resistome. The term sporobiota has been used to define the spore-forming cohort of a microbial community. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge of the sporobiota in the human gut. We discuss the development of the sporobiota in the infant gut and the perinatal factors that may have an effect on vertical transmission from mother to infant. Finally, we examine the sporobiota of critically important food sources for the developing infant, breast milk and powdered infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muireann Egan
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene Dempsey
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - C. Anthony Ryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Kong Q, An P, Xu Z, Zhang R, Qi J, Ren X. New insights into the alleviating role of Melaleuca alternifolia oil on metabolites pathway disorder of grapes caused by Aspergillus niger, verified by corresponding key genes expression. Food Chem 2020; 327:127083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Song XG, Han MH, He F, Wang SY, Li CH, Wu GC, Huang ZG, Liu D, Liu FQ, Laborda P, Shi XC. Antifungal Mechanism of Dipicolinic Acid and Its Efficacy for the Biocontrol of Pear Valsa Canker. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:958. [PMID: 32508781 PMCID: PMC7251846 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Valsa pyri is a fatal canker pathogen that causes significant reduction of crop yield in pear orchards. V. pyri invades the trunk phloem, and is difficult to control by chemical treatment. In this work, it was found for the first time that Bacillus subtilis-produced dipicolinic acid (DPA) exhibits antifungal activity against different canker pathogens, including Alteraria alternata, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Rhizoctonia solani, and V. pyri. Growth inhibition of V. pyri was observed at less than 5 mM concentration (pH = 5.6). DPA showed the highest antifungal activity at acidic pH values and in the presence of bivalent metals, such as zinc(II), cobalt(II), and copper(II). Measurement of mRNA expression levels and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations revealed that DPA causes V. pyri apoptosis via inhibition of chitin biosynthesis and subsequent cell lysis. Interestingly, DPA showed high stability in the pear bark and was able to cross the pear tree bark into the phloem, protecting the internal phases of the pear trunk. In preventive applications, DPA reduced the canker symptoms of V. pyri on Cuigan pear trees by 90%. Taken together, an efficient strategy for the management of V. pyri-caused canker disease was developed using a novel antifungal agent, DPA, with strong antifungal activity and particular diffusion properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ge Song
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming-Hui Han
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chao-Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Gui-Chun Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Gang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feng-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin-Chi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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38
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Zhang S, Xiong J, Lou W, Ning Z, Zhang D, Yang J. Antifungal Effect of Triglycerol Monolaurate Synthesized by Lipozyme 435-Mediated Esterification. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:561-570. [PMID: 31986567 PMCID: PMC9728257 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1910.10043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to synthesize triglycerol monolaurate (TGML) with Lipozyme 435 as the catalyst, and explore its effects on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus (A. parasiticus) and Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and the secretion of aflatoxin b1. The highest content of TGML (49.76%) was obtained at a molar ratio of triglycerol to lauric acid of 1.08, a reaction temperature of 84.93°C, a reaction time of 6 h and an enzyme dosage of 1.32%. After purification by molecular distillation combined with the washes with ethyl acetate and water, the purity of TGML reached 98.3%. Through characterization by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry, infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance, the structure of TGML was identified as a linear triglycerol combined with lauroyl at the end. Finally, the inhibitory effects of TGML on the growths of A. parasiticus and A. flavus and the secretion of aflatoxin b1 were evaluated by measuring the colony diameter, the inhibition rate of mycelial growth and the content of mycotoxin in the media. The results indicated that TGML had a stronger inhibitory effects on colony growth and mycelial development of both toxic molds compared to sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate, and the secretions of toxins from A. parasiticus and A. flavus were completely suppressed when adding TGML at 10 and 5 mM, respectively. Based on the above results, TGML may be used as a substitute for traditional antifungal agents in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xiong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Wenyong Lou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiang Ning
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Denghui Zhang
- Innovation Center of Bioactive Molecule Development and Application, South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Xuefu Road, Dongguan 221116, P.R. China
| | - Jiguo Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-13560396620 Fax: +86-0769-38822110 E-mail:
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Qian S, Li X, Sun L, Shen Y, Ren Q, Diao E, Lu Z. Exploration of production of C 14 and C 15 bacillomycin D homologues with enzymatic hydrolysis from maize straws using fed-batch fermentation by Bacillus subtilis NS-174. RSC Adv 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10536k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A strain with strong antifungal activity, Bacillus subtilis NS-174, was identified and the antifungal compounds were purified and structurally analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety and Nutrition Function Evaluation
- Huaiyin Normal University
- Huaian 223300
| | - Xuejin Li
- School of Biological and Food Engineering
- Bengbu University
- Bengbu
- China
| | - Lu Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety and Nutrition Function Evaluation
- Huaiyin Normal University
- Huaian 223300
| | - Qingyi Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety and Nutrition Function Evaluation
- Huaiyin Normal University
- Huaian 223300
| | - Enjie Diao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety and Nutrition Function Evaluation
- Huaiyin Normal University
- Huaian 223300
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
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40
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Ren X, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Mao J, Li P. Control of Aflatoxigenic Molds by Antagonistic Microorganisms: Inhibitory Behaviors, Bioactive Compounds, Related Mechanisms, and Influencing Factors. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E24. [PMID: 31906282 PMCID: PMC7020460 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination has been causing great concern worldwide due to the major economic impact on crop production and their toxicological effects to human and animals. Contamination can occur in the field, during transportation, and also in storage. Post-harvest contamination usually derives from the pre-harvest infection of aflatoxigenic molds, especially aflatoxin-producing Aspergilli such as Aspergillusflavus and A. parasiticus. Many strategies preventing aflatoxigenic molds from entering food and feed chains have been reported, among which biological control is becoming one of the most praised strategies. The objective of this article is to review the biocontrol strategy for inhibiting the growth of and aflatoxin production by aflatoxigenic fungi. This review focuses on comparing inhibitory behaviors of different antagonistic microorganisms including various bacteria, fungi and yeasts. We also reviewed the bioactive compounds produced by microorganisms and the mechanisms leading to inhibition. The key factors influencing antifungal activities of antagonists are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Ren
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
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Xu T, Cao L, Zeng J, Franco CMM, Yang Y, Hu X, Liu Y, Wang X, Gao Y, Bu Z, Shi L, Zhou G, Zhou Q, Liu X, Zhu Y. The antifungal action mode of the rice endophyte Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2 as a potential biocontrol agent against the rice blast pathogen. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 160:58-69. [PMID: 31519258 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial antagonists and their bioactive metabolites provide one of the best alternatives to chemical pesticides to control crop disease for sustainable agriculture and global food security. The rice endophyte Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2, with remarkable antagonistic activity towards the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, was reported in our previous study. The present study deciphered the possible direct interaction mode of OsiSh-2 against M. oryzae. An in vitro antibiotic assay for OsiSh-2 culture filtrate revealed strong suppression of mycelial growth, conidial germination and appressorial formation of M. oryzae. Meanwhile, severe morphological and internal abnormalities in M. oryzae hyphae were observed under a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Foliar treatment of rice seedlings by OsiSh-2 culture filtrate in the greenhouse and in the field showed 23.5% and 28.3% disease reduction, respectively. Correspondingly, OsiSh-2 culture filtrate could induce disorganized chitin deposition in the cell wall and lowered ergosterol content in the cell membrane of M. oryzae. Additionally, cell wall integrity pathway activation, large cell electrolytes release, reactive oxygen species accumulation and tricarboxylic acid cycle-related enzyme activity changes were found in M. oryzae. All these results suggested that the direct antagonistic activity of OsiSh-2 against M. oryzae may be attributed to damaging the integrity of the cell wall and membrane and disrupting mitochondrial function in the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Lidan Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Jiarui Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Christopher M M Franco
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Yuanzhu Yang
- Yahua Seeds Science Academy of Hunan, Changsha, Hunan 410119, China
| | - Xiaochun Hu
- Yahua Seeds Science Academy of Hunan, Changsha, Hunan 410119, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zhigang Bu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Liming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yonghua Zhu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
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Berlanas C, Berbegal M, Elena G, Laidani M, Cibriain JF, Sagües A, Gramaje D. The Fungal and Bacterial Rhizosphere Microbiome Associated With Grapevine Rootstock Genotypes in Mature and Young Vineyards. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1142. [PMID: 31178845 PMCID: PMC6538693 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota colonizing the rhizosphere and the endorhizosphere contribute to plant growth, productivity, carbon sequestration, and phytoremediation. Several studies suggested that different plants types and even genotypes of the same plant species harbor partially different microbiomes. Here, we characterize the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal microbiota across five grapevine rootstock genotypes cultivated in the same soil at two vineyards and sampling dates over 2 years by 16S rRNA gene and ITS high-throughput amplicon sequencing. In addition, we use quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach to measure the relative abundance and dynamic changes of fungal pathogens associated with black-foot disease. The objectives were to (1) unravel the effects of rootstock genotype on microbial communities in the rhizosphere of grapevine and (2) to compare the relative abundances of sequence reads and DNA amount of black-foot disease pathogens. Host genetic control of the microbiome was evident in the rhizosphere of the mature vineyard. Microbiome composition also shifted as year of sampling, and fungal diversity varied with sampling moments. Linear discriminant analysis identified specific bacterial (i.e., Bacillus) and fungal (i.e., Glomus) taxa associated with grapevine rootstocks. Host genotype did not predict any summary metrics of rhizosphere α- and β-diversity in the young vineyard. Regarding black-foot associated pathogens, a significant correlation between sequencing reads and qPCR was observed. In conclusion, grapevine rootstock genotypes in the mature vineyard were associated with different rhizosphere microbiomes. The latter could also have been affected by age of the vineyard, soil properties or field management practices. A more comprehensive study is needed to decipher the cause of the rootstock microbiome selection and the mechanisms by which grapevines are able to shape their associated microbial community. Understanding the vast diversity of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere and the interactions between microbiota and grapevine will facilitate the development of future strategies for grapevine protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Berlanas
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de la Rioja - Gobierno de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Mónica Berbegal
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Georgina Elena
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Meriem Laidani
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Félix Cibriain
- EVENA, Sección de Viticultura y Enología del Gobierno de Navarra, Olite, Spain
| | - Ana Sagües
- EVENA, Sección de Viticultura y Enología del Gobierno de Navarra, Olite, Spain
| | - David Gramaje
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de la Rioja - Gobierno de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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α-terpineol and terpene-4-ol, the critical components of tea tree oil, exert antifungal activities in vitro and in vivo against Aspergillus niger in grapes by inducing morphous damage and metabolic changes of fungus. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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44
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Kong Q, Zhang L, An P, Qi J, Yu X, Lu J, Ren X. Antifungal mechanisms of α‐terpineol and terpene‐4‐alcohol as the critical components of
Melaleuca alternifolia
oil in the inhibition of rot disease caused by
Aspergillus ochraceus
in postharvest grapes. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1161-1174. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Kong
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - L. Zhang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - P. An
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - J. Qi
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - X. Yu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - J. Lu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - X. Ren
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
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45
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Gao Y, Liang J, Xiao R, Zang P, Zhao Y, Zhang L. Effect of four trace elements on Paenibacillus polymyxa Pp-7250 proliferation, activity and colonization in ginseng. AMB Express 2018; 8:164. [PMID: 30311028 PMCID: PMC6182021 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace elements are essential nutrients for the growth of microorganisms and play an important role in their proliferation. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to explore the optimal C and N sources for large-scale culture of Paenibacillus polymyxa, and to screen trace elements that can promote their proliferation and improve the activity. First, the concentration of Paenibacillus polymyxa Pp-7250, the number of spores were used as evaluation index. It was found that the four trace elements Cu2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ could promote the proliferation of Paenibacillus polymyxa at their optimal concentrations. Next, when using wheat starch as carbon source and soybean meal as nitrogen source, it was most suitable for large-scale culture. Finally, field experiments were carried out, and it was discovered that the combination of four trace elements plus the wheat soybean meal group could significantly improve the disease prevention, growth promotion ability of Pp-7250 and its colonization in ginseng. Moreover, the ability of Pp-7250 to transform ginseng roots and leaf saponins were also significantly improved. The group also affected the rhizosphere bacterial community of ginseng and the number showed a significant promotion or inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Ruxue Xiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Pu Zang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Lianxue Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
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