1
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Liu T, Li G, Liu Z, Xi L, Ma W, Gao X. Characteristics of aerosols from swine farms: A review of the past two-decade progress. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108074. [PMID: 37441818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of large-scale and intensive swine production, the emission of aerosols from swine farms has become a growing concern, attracting extensive attention. While aerosols are found in various environments, those from swine farms are distinguished from human habitats, such as residential, suburban, and urban areas. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of aerosols from swine farms, this paper reviewed relevant studies conducted between 2000 and 2022. The main components, concentrations, and size distribution of the aerosols were systematically reviewed. The differences between aerosols from swine farms and human living and working environments were compared. Finally, the sources, influencing factors, and reduction technologies for aerosols from swine farms were thoroughly elucidated. The results demonstrated that the concentrations of aerosols inside swine farms varied considerably, and most exceeded safety thresholds. However, further exploration is needed to fully understand the difference in airborne microorganism community structure and particles with small sizes (<1 μm) between swine farms and human living and working environments. More airborne bacterial and viruses were adhered to large particles in swine houses, while the proportion of airborne fungi in the respirable fraction was similar to that of human living and working environments. In addition, swine farms have a higher abundance and diversity of potential pathogens, airborne resistant microorganisms and resistant genes compared to the human living and working environments. The aerosols of swine farms mainly originated from sources such as manure, feed, swine hair and skin, secondary production, and waste treatment. According to the source analysis and factors influencing aerosols in swine farms, various technologies could be employed to mitigate aerosol emissions, and some end-of-pipe technologies need to be further improved before they are widely applied. Swine farms are advised not to increase aerosol concentration in human living and working environments, in order to decrease the impact of aerosols from swine farms on human health and restrain the spread of airborne potential pathogens. This review provides critical insights into aerosols of swine farms, offering guidance for taking appropriate measures to enhance air quality inside and surrounding swine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment and Intelligent Equipment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Guoming Li
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Institute for Artificial Intelligence, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy Library, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Lei Xi
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment and Intelligent Equipment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Wei Ma
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment and Intelligent Equipment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
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2
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Ho CG, Setyawati MI, DeLoid GM, Li K, Adav SS, Li S, Joachim Loo SC, Demokritou P, Ng KW. Cellulose Nanofiber Platform for Pesticide Sequestration in the Gastrointestinal Tract. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16106-16118. [PMID: 37179650 PMCID: PMC10173348 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of nature-derived materials is an important approach to promote environmental sustainability. Among these materials, cellulose is of particular interest due to its abundance and relative ease of access. As a food ingredient, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have found interesting applications as emulsifiers and modulators of lipid digestion and absorption. In this report, we show that CNFs can also be modified to modulate the bioavailability of toxins, such as pesticides, in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by forming inclusion complexes and promoting interaction with surface hydroxyl groups. CNFs were successfully functionalized with (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) using citric acid as a crosslinker via esterification. Functionally, the potential for pristine and functionalized CNFs (FCNFs) to interact with a model pesticide, boscalid, was tested. Based on direct interaction studies, adsorption of boscalid saturated at around 3.09% on CNFs and at 12.62% on FCNFs. Using an in vitro GIT simulation platform, the adsorption of boscalid on CNFs/FCNFs was also studied. The presence of a high-fat food model was found to have a positive effect in binding boscalid in a simulated intestinal fluid environment. In addition, FCNFs were found to have a greater effect in retarding triglyceride digestion than CNFs (61% vs 30.6%). Overall, FCNFs were demonstrated to evoke synergistic effects of reducing fat absorption and pesticide bioavailability through inclusion complex formation and the additional binding of the pesticide onto surface hydroxyl groups on HPBCD. By adopting food-compatible materials and processes for production, FCNFs have the potential to be developed into a functional food ingredient for modulating food digestion and the uptake of toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Guan Ho
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Magdiel I. Setyawati
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Glen M. DeLoid
- Center
for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental
Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ke Li
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR
(Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Sunil S. Adav
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Shuzhou Li
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Say Chye Joachim Loo
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Philip Demokritou
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Center
for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental
Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 639798 Singapore
- Nanyang
Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
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3
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Singh D, Soorneedi AR, Vaze N, Domitrovic R, Sharp F, Lindsey D, Rohr A, Moore MD, Koutrakis P, Nardell E, Demokritou P. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 surrogate inactivation on surfaces and in air using UV and blue light-based intervention technologies. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2023; 73:200-211. [PMID: 36594726 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2157907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent need to utilize existing and develop new intervention technologies for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation on surfaces and in the air. Ultraviolet (UV) technology has been shown to be an effective antimicrobial intervention. Here a study was conducted to determine the efficacy of commercially available UV and blue light-based devices for inactivating HCoV-229E, a surrogate of SARS-CoV-2. The results indicate that two UV devices designed for surface disinfection, with doses of 8.07 µJ/cm2 for the 254 nm device and 20.61 µJ/cm2 for the 275 nm device, were efficient in inactivating 4.94 logs of surface inoculated HCoV-229E. Additionally, a 222 nm UV device with intended ceiling-based operation was effective in inactivating 1.7 logs of the virus inoculated on surface, with a dose of 6 mJ/cm2. A ceiling-based device designed to emit blue light at 405 nm was found to produce 89% reduction in HCoV-229E inoculated on a surface for a dose of 78 J/cm2. Finally, the UV based 222 nm device was found to produce a 90% reduction in the concentration of airborne HCoV-229E, at a 55 µJ/cm2 dose. These results are indicative of the great potential of using UV based technology for the control of SARS-CoV-2.Implications: An important avenue of arresting COVID-19 and future pandemics caused by infectious pathogens is through environmental disinfection. To this effect, the study presented here evaluates commercially available UV and blue light based antimicrobial devices for their ability to kill the human coronavirus HCoV-229E, a surrogate of SARS-CoV-2, on surfaces and in air. The results indicate that two handheld UV devices produced complete inactivation of surface viral inoculum and a UVC ceiling based device produced 1 log reduction in HCoV-229E in air. These results imply the efficacy of UV technology as an antimicrobial tool, especially for rapid disinfection of indoor air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anand R Soorneedi
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Nachiket Vaze
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Research Center, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ron Domitrovic
- The Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Frank Sharp
- The Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Annette Rohr
- The Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Matthew D Moore
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ed Nardell
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Global Health Equity, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Research Center, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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4
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Wang T, Russo DP, Bitounis D, Demokritou P, Jia X, Huang H, Zhu H. Integrating structure annotation and machine learning approaches to develop graphene toxicity models. CARBON 2023; 204:484-494. [PMID: 36845527 PMCID: PMC9957041 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Modern nanotechnology provides efficient and cost-effective nanomaterials (NMs). The increasing usage of NMs arises great concerns regarding nanotoxicity in humans. Traditional animal testing of nanotoxicity is expensive and time-consuming. Modeling studies using machine learning (ML) approaches are promising alternatives to direct evaluation of nanotoxicity based on nanostructure features. However, NMs, including two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs) such as graphenes, have complex structures making them difficult to annotate and quantify the nanostructures for modeling purposes. To address this issue, we constructed a virtual graphenes library using nanostructure annotation techniques. The irregular graphene structures were generated by modifying virtual nanosheets. The nanostructures were digitalized from the annotated graphenes. Based on the annotated nanostructures, geometrical nanodescriptors were computed using Delaunay tessellation approach for ML modeling. The partial least square regression (PLSR) models for the graphenes were built and validated using a leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) procedure. The resulted models showed good predictivity in four toxicity-related endpoints with the coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.558 to 0.822. This study provides a novel nanostructure annotation strategy that can be applied to generate high-quality nanodescriptors for ML model developments, which can be widely applied to nanoinformatics studies of graphenes and other NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Daniel P. Russo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Xuelian Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, 5607 Baum Boulevard, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
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5
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Vaze N, Demokritou P. Using engineered water nanostructures (EWNS) for wound disinfection: Case study of Acinetobacter baumannii inactivation on skin and the inhibition of biofilm formation. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 42:102537. [PMID: 35181526 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Engineered water nanostructures (EWNS) were utilized to deliver a cocktail of nature derived antimicrobials, to assess their efficacy as a solution to the problem of wound infections. The wound related microorganism Acinetobacter baumannii was inoculated on stainless steel and porcine skin and treated with EWNS. EWNS were able to reduce A. baumannii on stainless steel by 4.79 logs in 15 min, and 2 logs in 30 min on porcine skin. The EWNS were able to reduce the strength of A. baumannii biofilm on stainless steel by 87.31% as measured with the XTT assay (P < .001) and 86.27% in cellular counts (P < .001), after two EWNS interventions of 30 min each. Total antimicrobial dose delivered to the surface was 1.42 ng. SEM of biofilms after EWNS treatment showed reduced biomass. These results indicate that the EWNS technology has potential for application in field of wound disinfection and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket Vaze
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Henry Rutgers Chair in Nanoscience and Environmental Bioengineering at the Rutgers School of Public Health and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ.
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6
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Vaze N, Soorneedi AR, Moore MD, Demokritou P. Inactivating SARS-CoV-2 Surrogates on Surfaces Using Engineered Water Nanostructures Incorporated with Nature Derived Antimicrobials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1735. [PMID: 35630957 PMCID: PMC9146109 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The continuing cases of COVID-19 due to emerging strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus underscore the urgent need to develop effective antiviral technologies. A crucial aspect of reducing transmission of the virus is through environmental disinfection. To this end, a nanotechnology-based antimicrobial platform utilizing engineered water nanostructures (EWNS) was utilized to challenge the human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), a surrogate of SARS-CoV-2, on surfaces. The EWNS were synthesized using electrospray and ionization of aqueous solutions of antimicrobials, had a size in the nanoscale, and contained both antimicrobial agents and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Various EWNS were synthesized using single active ingredients (AI) as well as their combinations. The results of EWNS treatment indicate that EWNS produced with a cocktail of hydrogen peroxide, citric acid, lysozyme, nisin, and triethylene glycol was able to inactivate 3.8 logs of HCoV-229E, in 30 s of treatment. The delivered dose of antimicrobials to the surface was measured to be in pico to nanograms. These results indicate the efficacy of EWNS technology as a nano-carrier for delivering a minuscule dose while inactivating HCoV-229E, making this an attractive technology against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket Vaze
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Anand R. Soorneedi
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (A.R.S.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Matthew D. Moore
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (A.R.S.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Research Center, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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7
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Xu T, Wang Y, Aytac Z, Zuverza-Mena N, Zhao Z, Hu X, Ng KW, White JC, Demokritou P. Enhancing Agrichemical Delivery and Plant Development with Biopolymer-Based Stimuli Responsive Core-Shell Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6034-6048. [PMID: 35404588 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The inefficient delivery of agrichemicals in agrifood systems is among the leading cause of serious negative planetary and public health impacts. Such inefficiency is mainly attributed to the inability to deliver the agrichemicals at the right place (target), right time, and right dose. In this study, scalable, biodegradable, sustainable, biopolymer-based multistimuli responsive core-shell nanostructures were developed for smart agrichemical delivery. Three types of responsive core/shell nanostructures incorporated with model agrichemicals (i.e., CuSO4 and NPK fertilizer) were synthesized by coaxial electrospray, and the resulting nanostructures showed spherical morphology with an average diameter about 160 nm. Tunable agrichemical release kinetics were achieved by controlling the surface hydrophobicity of nanostructures. The pH and enzyme responsiveness was also demonstrated by the model analyte release kinetics (up to 7 days) in aqueous solution. Finally, the efficacy of the stimuli responsive nanostructures was evaluated in soil-based greenhouse studies using soybean and wheat in terms of photosynthesis efficacy and linear electron flow (LEF), two important metrics for seedling development and health. Findings confirmed plant specificity; for soybean, the nanostructures resulted in 34.3% higher value of relative chlorophyll content and 41.2% higher value of PS1 centers in photosystem I than the ionic control with equivalent agrichemical concentration. For wheat, the nanostructures resulted in 37.6% higher value of LEF than the ionic agrichemicals applied at 4 times higher concentration, indicating that the responsive core-shell nanostructure is an effective platform to achieve precision agrichemical delivery while minimizing inputs. Moreover, the Zn and Na content in the leaves of 4-week-old soybean seedlings were significantly increased with nanostructure amendment, indicating that the developed nanostructures can potentially be used to modulate the accumulation of other important micronutrients through a potential biofortification strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Zeynep Aytac
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nubia Zuverza-Mena
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Zhitong Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 637141, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 637141, Singapore
| | - Jason C White
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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8
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Nature-Inspired Antimicrobial Surfaces and Their Potential Applications in Food Industries. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060844. [PMID: 35327267 PMCID: PMC8949295 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern and has called for the integration of different areas of expertise for designing robust solutions. One such approach is the development of antimicrobial surfaces to combat the emerging resistance in microbes against drugs and disinfectants. This review is a compressive summary of the work done in the field of material science, chemistry, and microbiology in the development of antimicrobial materials and surfaces that are inspired by examples in nature. The focus includes examples of natural antimicrobial surfaces, such as cicada wings or nanopillars, dragonfly wings, shrimp shells, taro leaves, lotus leaves, sharkskin, gecko skin, and butterfly wings, along with their mechanism of action. Techniques, compositions, and combinations that have been developed to synthetically mimic these surfaces against bacterial/viral and fungal growth in food-processing areas have also been discussed. The applications of synthetic mimics of natural antimicrobial surfaces in food-processing environments is still a naïve area of research. However, this review highlights the potential applications of natural antimicrobial surfaces in the food-processing environment as well as outlines the challenges that need mitigations.
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9
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Singh D, Marrocco A, Wohlleben W, Park HR, Diwadkar AR, Himes BE, Lu Q, Christiani DC, Demokritou P. Release of particulate matter from nano-enabled building materials (NEBMs) across their lifecycle: Potential occupational health and safety implications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126771. [PMID: 34391975 PMCID: PMC8595827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates potential nanomaterial releases and occupational health risks across the lifecycle of nano-enabled building materials (NEBMs), namely, insulations and coatings. We utilized real-world degradation scenarios of a) sanding (mechanical), b) incineration (thermal), and c) accelerated UV-aging (environmental) followed by incineration. Extensive physicochemical characterization of the released lifecycle particulate matter (LCPM) was performed. The LCPM2.5 aerosol size fraction was used to assess the acute biological, cytotoxic and inflammatory effects on Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells. RNA-Seq analysis of exposed cells was performed to assess potential for systemic disease. Findings indicated that release dynamics and characteristics of LCPM depended on both the NEBM composition and the degradation scenario(s). Incineration emitted a much higher nanoparticle number concentration than sanding (nearly 4 orders of magnitude), which did not change with prior UV-aging. Released nanofillers during sanding were largely part of the matrix fragments, whereas those during incineration were likely physicochemically transformed. The LCPM from incineration showed higher bioactivity and inflammogenicity compared to sanding or sequential UV-aging and incineration, and more so when metallic nanofillers were present (such as Fe2O3). Overall, the study highlights the need for considering real-world exposure and toxicological data across the NEBM lifecycle to perform adequate risk assessments and to ensure workplace health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonella Marrocco
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Hae-Ryung Park
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Avantika R Diwadkar
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Quan Lu
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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10
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Bazina L, Bitounis D, Cao X, DeLoid GM, Parviz D, Strano MS, Greg Lin HY, Bell DC, Thrall BD, Demokritou P. Biotransformations and cytotoxicity of eleven graphene and inorganic two-dimensional nanomaterials using simulated digestions coupled with a triculture in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal epithelium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2021; 8:3233-3249. [PMID: 37465590 PMCID: PMC10353755 DOI: 10.1039/d1en00594d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have already made their way into myriad applications and products across multiple industries. However, the potential health risks of exposure to ENMs remain poorly understood. This is particularly true for the emerging class of ENMs know as 2-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs), with a thickness of one or a few layers of atoms arranged in a planar structure. Methods The present study assesses the biotransformations and in vitro cytotoxicity in the gastrointestinal tract of 11 2DNMs, namely graphene, graphene oxide (GO), partially reduced graphene oxide (prGO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), and tungsten disulphide (WS2). The evaluated pristine materials were either readily dispersed in water or dispersed with the use of a surfactant (Na-cholate or PF108). Materials dispersed in a fasting food model (FFM, water) were subjected to simulated 3-phase (oral, gastric, and small intestinal) digestion to replicate the biotransformations that would occur in the GIT after ingestion. A triculture model of small intestinal epithelium was used to assess the effects of the digested products (digestas) on epithelial layer integrity, cytotoxicity, viability, oxidative stress, and initiation of apoptosis. Results Physicochemical characterization of the 2DNMs in FFM dispersions and in small intestinal digestas revealed significant agglomeration by all materials during digestion, most prominently by graphene, which was likely caused by interactions with digestive proteins. Also, MoS2 had dissolved by ~75% by the end of simulated digestion. Other than a low but statistically significant increase in cytotoxicity observed with all inorganic materials and graphene dispersed in PF108, no adverse effects were observed in the exposed tricultures. Conclusions Our results suggest that occasional ingestion of small quantities of 2DNMs may not be highly cytotoxic in a physiologically relevant in vitro model of the intestinal epithelium. Still, their inflammatory or genotoxic potential after short- or long-term ingestion remains unclear and needs to be studied in future in vitro and in vivo studies. These would include studies of effects on co-ingested nutrient digestion and absorption, which have been documented for numerous ingested ENMs, as well as effects on the gut microbiome, which can have important health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Bazina
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School T.H. Chan of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School T.H. Chan of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoqiong Cao
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School T.H. Chan of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Glen M DeLoid
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School T.H. Chan of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dorsa Parviz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hao-Yu Greg Lin
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - David C Bell
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Brian D Thrall
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School T.H. Chan of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Xiao Y, Zhao F, Peñuelas J, Huang Q, Zhu YG. Super pathogens from environmental biotechnologies threaten global health. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwab110. [PMID: 34691743 PMCID: PMC8433084 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incubation and release of super pathogens from environmental biotechnologies is an overlooked threat to global health. This perspective calls for collaboration between research community, industry and government to mitigate this growing risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Spain
- CREAF, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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12
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Cao X, Pan X, Couvillion SP, Zhang T, Tamez C, Bramer LM, White JC, Qian WJ, Thrall BD, Ng KW, Hu X, Demokritou P. Fate, cytotoxicity and cellular metabolomic impact of ingested nanoscale carbon dots using simulated digestion and a triculture small intestinal epithelial model. NANOIMPACT 2021; 23:100349. [PMID: 34514184 PMCID: PMC8428805 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a promising material currently being explored in many industrial applications in the biomedical and agri-food areas; however, studies supporting the environmental health risk assessment of CDs are needed. This study focuses on various CD forms including iron (FeCD) and copper (CuCD) doped CDs synthesized using hydrothermal method, their fate in gastrointestinal tract, and their cytotoxicity and potential changes to cellular metabolome in a triculture small intestinal epithelial model. Physicochemical characterization revealed that 75% of Fe in FeCD and 95% of Cu in CuCD were dissolved during digestion. No significant toxic effects were observed for pristine CDs and FeCDs. However, CuCD induced significant dose-dependent toxic effects including decreases in TEER and cell viability, increases in cytotoxicity and ROS production, and alterations in important metabolites, including D-glucose, L-cysteine, uridine, citric acid and multiple fatty acids. These results support the current understanding that pristine CDs are relatively non-toxic and the cytotoxicity is dependent on the doping molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Cao
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Sneha P. Couvillion
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Carlos Tamez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Lisa M. Bramer
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jason C. White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brian D. Thrall
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Rahmati S, Doherty W, Amani Babadi A, Akmal Che Mansor MS, Julkapli NM, Hessel V, Ostrikov K(K. Gold-Carbon Nanocomposites for Environmental Contaminant Sensing. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060719. [PMID: 34205255 PMCID: PMC8234806 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The environmental crisis, due to the rapid growth of the world population and globalisation, is a serious concern of this century. Nanoscience and nanotechnology play an important role in addressing a wide range of environmental issues with innovative and successful solutions. Identification and control of emerging chemical contaminants have received substantial interest in recent years. As a result, there is a need for reliable and rapid analytical tools capable of performing sample analysis with high sensitivity, broad selectivity, desired stability, and minimal sample handling for the detection, degradation, and removal of hazardous contaminants. In this review, various gold–carbon nanocomposites-based sensors/biosensors that have been developed thus far are explored. The electrochemical platforms, synthesis, diverse applications, and effective monitoring of environmental pollutants are investigated comparatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrooz Rahmati
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia;
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia;
- Centre for Material Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (N.M.J.)
| | - William Doherty
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia;
| | - Arman Amani Babadi
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Muhamad Syamim Akmal Che Mansor
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkapli
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute of Graduate Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (N.M.J.)
| | - Volker Hessel
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia;
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Library Rd, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia;
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia;
- Centre for Material Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane 4000, Australia
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14
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Cao X, Khare S, DeLoid GM, Gokulan K, Demokritou P. Co-exposure to boscalid and TiO 2 (E171) or SiO 2 (E551) downregulates cell junction gene expression in small intestinal epithelium cellular model and increases pesticide translocation. NANOIMPACT 2021; 22:100306. [PMID: 33869896 PMCID: PMC8045770 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A recent published study showed that TiO2 (E171) and SiO2 (E551), two widely used nano-enabled food additives, increased the translocation of the commonly used pesticide boscalid by 20% and 30% respectively. Such increased absorption of pesticides due to the presence of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in food raises health concerns for these food additives. In this companion study, mRNA expression of genes related to cell junctions in a small intestinal epithelial cellular model after exposure to simulated digestas of fasting food model (phosphate buffer) containing boscalid (150 ppm) with or without either TiO2 or SiO2 (1% w/w) were analyzed. Specific changes in cell barrier function underlying or contributing to the increased translocation of boscalid observed in the previous study were assessed. Results showed that exposure to boscalid alone has no significant effect on cell junction genes, however, co-exposure to boscalid and TiO2 significantly regulated expression of cell-matrix junction focal adhesion-related genes, e.g., downregulating Cav1 (- 1.39-fold, p<0.05), upregulating Cav3 (+ 3.30-fold, p<0.01) and Itga4 (+ 3.30-fold, p<0.05). Similarly, co-exposure to boscalid and SiO2 significantly downregulated multiple cell-cell junction genes, including tight junction genes (Cldn1, Cldn11, Cldn16, Cldn18, and Jam3), adherens junction genes (Notch1, Notch3, Pvrl1) and gap junction genes (Gja3 and Gjb2), as well as cell-matrix junction focal adhesion genes (Itga4, Itga6, Itga7). Together, these findings suggest that co-ingestion of boscalid with TiO2 (E171) or SiO2 (E551) could cause weakening of cell junctions and intercellular adhesion, which could result in dysregulation of paracellular transport, and presumably contributed to the previously observed increased translocation of boscalid at the presence of these ENMs. This novel finding raises health safety concerns for such popular food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Cao
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sangeeta Khare
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Glen M. DeLoid
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kuppan Gokulan
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- corresponding author: Philip Demokritou,
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15
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Toprani SM, Bitounis D, Qiansheng H, Oliveira N, Ng KW, Tay CY, Nagel ZD, Demokritou P. High-Throughput Screening Platform for Nanoparticle-Mediated Alterations of DNA Repair Capacity. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4728-4746. [PMID: 33710878 PMCID: PMC8111687 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential genotoxic effects of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) may occur through the induction of DNA damage or the disruption of DNA repair processes. Inefficient DNA repair may lead to the accumulation of DNA lesions and has been linked to various diseases, including cancer. Most studies so far have focused on understanding the nanogenotoxicity of ENM-induced damages to DNA, whereas the effects on DNA repair have been widely overlooked. The recently developed fluorescence multiplex-host-cell reactivation (FM-HCR) assay allows for the direct quantification of multiple DNA repair pathways in living cells and offers a great opportunity to address this methodological gap. Herein an FM-HCR-based method is developed to screen the impact of ENMs on six major DNA repair pathways using suspended or adherent cells. The sensitivity and efficiency of this DNA repair screening method were demonstrated in case studies using primary human small airway epithelial cells and TK6 cells exposed to various model ENMs (CuO, ZnO, and Ga2O3) at subcytotoxic doses. It was shown that ENMs may inhibit nucleotide-excision repair, base-excision repair, and the repair of oxidative damage by DNA glycosylases in TK6 cells, even in the absence of significant genomic DNA damage. It is of note that the DNA repair capacity was increased by some ENMs, whereas it was suppressed by others. Overall, this method can be part of a multitier, in vitro hazard assessment of ENMs as a functional, high-throughput platform that provides insights into the interplay of the properties of ENMs, the DNA repair efficiency, and the genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh M Toprani
- John B Little Center of Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Huang Qiansheng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Nathalia Oliveira
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institution, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Zachary D Nagel
- John B Little Center of Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
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16
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Coreas R, Cao X, Deloid GM, Demokritou P, Zhong W. Lipid and protein corona of food-grade TiO 2 nanoparticles in simulated gastrointestinal digestion. NANOIMPACT 2020; 20:100272. [PMID: 33344797 PMCID: PMC7742882 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of biological matrices, engineered nanomaterials, such as TiO2, develop a biomolecular corona composed of lipids, proteins, etc. In this study, we analyzed the biocorona formed on the food grade TiO2 (E171) going through an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion system in either a fasting food model (FFM), a standardized food model (SFM), or a high fat food model (HFFM). Lipids and proteins were extracted from the biocorona and underwent untargeted lipidomic and label-free shotgun proteomic analyses. Our results showed that the biocorona composition was different before and after food digestion. After digestion, more diverse lipids were adsorbed compared to proteins, most of which were the enzymes added to the simulated digestion system. The corona lipid profile was distinct from the digested food model they presented in, although similarity in the lipid profiles between the corona and the food matrix increased with the fat content in the food model. The corona formed in the two low-fat environments of FFM and SFM shared a higher degree of similarity while very different from their corresponding matrix, with some lipid species adsorbed with high enrichment factors, indicating specific interaction with the TiO2 surface outperforming lipid matrix concentration in determination of corona formation. Formation of the biocorona may have contributed to the reduced oxidative stress as well as toxicological impacts observed in cellular studies. The present work is the first to confirm persistent adsorption of biomolecules could occur on ingested nanomaterials in food digestae. More future studies are needed to study the in vivo impacts of the biocorona, and shed lights on how the biocorona affects the biotransformations and fate of the ingested nanomaterials, which may impose impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Coreas
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Xiaoqiong Cao
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Glen M. Deloid
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding authors.: Philip Demokritou, , Wenwan Zhong,
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Corresponding authors.: Philip Demokritou, , Wenwan Zhong,
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17
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Yang Q, Keerthisinghe TP, Tan TRJ, Cao X, Setyawati MI, DeLoid G, Ng KW, Loo SCJ, Demokritou P, Fang M. A high-throughput method to characterize the gut bacteria growth upon engineered nanomaterial treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2020; 7:3155-3166. [PMID: 33101690 PMCID: PMC7577393 DOI: 10.1039/d0en00568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human are increasingly exposed to various types of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) via dietary ingestion of nano-enabled food products, but these ENMs' impact on the gut bacteria health is still poorly understood. Current efforts in understanding the impact of these ENMs are hampered by their optical interferences in conventional quantification and viability assays, such as optical density and whole cell fluorescence staining assays. Therefore, there is a need to develop a more reliable bacteria quantification method in the presence of ENMs to effectively screen the potential adverse effects arising from the exposure of increasing ENMs on human gut microbiome. In this study, we developed a DNA-based quantification (DBQ) method in a 96-well plate format. Post-spiking method was used to correct the interference from ENMs on the reading. We showed the applicability of this method for several types of ENMs, i.e., cellulose nanofiber (CNF), graphene oxide (GO), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and chitosan, both in pure bacterial culture and in vitro human gut microbiome community. The detection limit for the highest dosing of CNF, GO, SiO2, and chitosan ENMs was approximately 0.18, 0.19, 0.05, and 0.24 as OD600, respectively. The method was also validated by a dose response experiment of E. coli with chitosan in the course of 8 hr. We believe that this method has great potential to be used in screening the effect of ENMs on the growth of gut bacteria or any other in vitro models and normalization for metabolites or proteins analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Tharushi Prabha Keerthisinghe
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Tiffany Rou Jie Tan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Xiaoqiong Cao
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Glen DeLoid
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Say Chye Joachim Loo
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
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18
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Cao X, Zhang T, DeLoid GM, Gaffrey MJ, Weitz KK, Thrall BD, Qian WJ, Demokritou P. Evaluation of the cytotoxic and cellular proteome impacts of food-grade TiO 2 (E171) using simulated gastrointestinal digestions and a tri-culture small intestinal epithelial model. NANOIMPACT 2020; 17:10.1016/j.impact.2019.100202. [PMID: 32133427 PMCID: PMC7055729 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2019.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are widely used in the food industry; however, regulations for ENMs in food are still in the early stages of development due to insufficient health data. This study investigated the cytotoxicity and changes to the proteomic profile in an in vitro small intestinal epithelium model after exposure to digested food models containing the ubiquitous engineered particulate food additive, TiO2 (E171) with an average size around 110 nm. TiO2 at 0.75% or 1.5% (w/w) concentrations in either a fasting food model (FFM) or a standardized food model (SFM) based on American diet were digested using an in vitro oral-gastric-small intestinal simulator, and the resulting digestas were applied to a small intestinal epithelium tri-culture cellular model. Effects on cell layer integrity, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress were assessed. In order to explore the impact on cellular processes beyond basic cytotoxicity, mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analyses of control and exposed tri-culture cells was performed. TiO2 in FFM, but not in SFM, produced significant, dose-dependent cytotoxicity (24%, p<0.001), and at the higher dose caused significant oxidative stress (1.24-fold, p<0.01), indicative of a food matrix effect. No significant perturbations of the cellular proteome were observed with TiO2 in either FFM or SFM food models. However, proteins involved in energy metabolism and protein synthesis were up-regulated by digestas from SFM compared to those from FFM, indicative of a food matrix effect on the cellular proteome. Interestingly, the differences in profiles between the two food models was more pronounced in the presence of TiO2. Together, these results indicate that TiO2 in a fasting diet may be slightly cytotoxic, and that ingested TiO2 does not significantly alter the epithelial proteome, whereas the food matrix alone can have a dramatic effect on the proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Cao
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Glen M. DeLoid
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Karl K. Weitz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brian D. Thrall
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- corresponding authors Philip Demokritou, , Wei-Jun Qian,
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- corresponding authors Philip Demokritou, , Wei-Jun Qian,
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19
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Duan Y, Coreas R, Liu Y, Bitounis D, Zhang Z, Parviz D, Strano M, Demokritou P, Zhong W. Prediction of protein corona on nanomaterials by machine learning using novel descriptors. NANOIMPACT 2020; 17:10.1016/j.impact.2020.100207. [PMID: 32104746 PMCID: PMC7043407 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Effective in silico methods to predict protein corona compositions on engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) could help elucidate the biological outcomes of ENMs in biosystems without the need for conducting lengthy experiments for corona characterization. However, the physicochemical properties of ENMs, used as the descriptors in current modeling methods, are insufficient to represent the complex interactions between ENMs and proteins. Herein, we utilized the fluorescence change (FC) from fluorescamine labeling on a protein, with or without the presence of the ENM, as a novel descriptor of the ENM to build machine learning models for corona formation. FCs were significantly correlated with the abundance of the corresponding proteins in the corona on diverse classes of ENMs, including metal and metal oxides, nanocellulose, and 2D ENMs. Prediction models established by the random forest algorithm using FCs as the ENM descriptors showed better performance than the conventional descriptors, such as ENM size and surface charge, in the prediction of corona formation. Moreover, they were able to predict protein corona formation on ENMs with very heterogeneous properties. We believe this novel descriptor can improve in silico studies of corona formation, leading to a better understanding on the protein adsorption behaviors of diverse ENMs in different biological matrices. Such information is essential for gaining a comprehensive view of how ENMs interact with biological systems in ENM safety and sustainability assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaokai Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Roxana Coreas
- Department of Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Zhang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dorsa Parviz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
- Department of Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, United States
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20
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Cao X, DeLoid GM, Bitounis D, De La Torre-Roche R, White JC, Zhang Z, Ho CG, Ng KW, Eitzer BD, Demokritou P. Co-exposure to the food additives SiO 2 (E551) or TiO 2 (E171) and the pesticide boscalid increases cytotoxicity and bioavailability of the pesticide in a tri-culture small intestinal epithelium model: Potential health implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2019; 6:2786-2800. [PMID: 32133147 PMCID: PMC7055717 DOI: 10.1039/c9en00676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Many toxicity investigations have evaluated the potential health risks of ingested engineered nanomaterials (iENMs); however, few have addressed the potential combined effects of iENMs and other toxic compounds (e.g. pesticides) in food. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the effects of two widely used, partly nanoscale, engineered particulate food additives, TiO2 (E171) and SiO2 (E551), on the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake and translocation of the pesticide boscalid. Fasting food model (phosphate buffer) containing iENM (1% w/w), boscalid (10 or 150 ppm), or both, was processed using a simulated in vitro oral-gastric-small intestinal digestion system. The resulting small intestinal digesta was applied to an in vitro tri-culture small intestinal epithelium model, and effects on cell layer integrity, viability, cytotoxicity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed. Boscalid uptake and translocation was also quantified by LC/MS. Cytotoxicity and ROS production in cells exposed to combined iENM and boscalid were greater than in cells exposed to either iENM or boscalid alone. More importantly, translocation of boscalid across the tri-culture cellular layer was increased by 20% and 30% in the presence of TiO2 and SiO2, respectively. One possible mechanism for this increase is diminished epithelial cell health, as indicated by the elevated oxidative stress and cytotoxicity observed in co-exposed cells. In addition, analysis of boscalid in digesta supernatants revealed 16% and 30% more boscalid in supernatants from samples containing TiO2 and SiO2, respectively, suggesting that displacement of boscalid from flocculated digestive proteins by iENMs may also contribute to the increased translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Cao
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Glen M. DeLoid
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roberto De La Torre-Roche
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Jason C. White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Zhang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chin Guan Ho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141
| | - Brian D. Eitzer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
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21
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Zhu L, Liu Y, Ding X, Wu X, Sand W, Zhou H. A novel method for textile odor removal using engineered water nanostructures. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17726-17736. [PMID: 35520538 PMCID: PMC9064573 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01988j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The malodor attached to textiles not only causes indoor environmental pollution but also endangers people's health even at low concentrations. Existing technologies cannot effectively eliminate the odor. Herein, an effective and environmentally friendly technology was proposed to address this challenging issue. This technology utilizes electrospraying process to produce Engineered Water Nanostructures (EWNS) in a controllable manner. Upon application of a high voltage to the Taylor cone, EWNS can be generated from the condensed vapor water through a Peltier element. Smoking, cooking and perspiration, considered the typical indoor malodorous gases emitted from human activities, were studied in this paper. A headspace SPME method in conjunction with GC-MS was employed for the extraction, detection and quantification of any odor residues. Results indicated that EWNS played a significant role in the deodorization process with removal efficiencies for the three odors were 95.3 ± 0.1%, 100.0 ± 0.0% and 43.7 ± 2.3%, respectively. The Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) contained in the EWNS, mainly hydroxyl (OH˙) and superoxide radicals are the possible mechanisms for the odor removal. These ROS are strong oxidative and highly reactive and have the ability to convert odorous compounds to non-odorous compounds through various chemical reaction mechanisms. This study showed clearly the potential of the proposed method in the field of odor removal and can be applied in the battle against indoor air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Zhu
- Fashion Institute, Donghua University Shanghai 200051 P. R. China
- Shanghai International Institute of Design & Innovation Shanghai 200080 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Clothing Design & Technology, Donghua University, Ministry of Education Shanghai 200051 P. R. China
| | - Yanbiao Liu
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Fashion Institute, Donghua University Shanghai 200051 P. R. China
- Shanghai International Institute of Design & Innovation Shanghai 200080 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Clothing Design & Technology, Donghua University, Ministry of Education Shanghai 200051 P. R. China
| | - Xiongying Wu
- Shanghai Customs District Shanghai 200002 P. R. China
| | - Wolfgang Sand
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Road Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
- Institute of Biosciences, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology Freiberg 09599 Germany
| | - Huiling Zhou
- Fashion Institute, Donghua University Shanghai 200051 P. R. China
- Shanghai International Institute of Design & Innovation Shanghai 200080 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Clothing Design & Technology, Donghua University, Ministry of Education Shanghai 200051 P. R. China
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22
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Vaze N, Pyrgiotakis G, McDevitt J, Mena L, Melo A, Bedugnis A, Kobzik L, Eleftheriadou M, Demokritou P. Inactivation of common hospital acquired pathogens on surfaces and in air utilizing engineered water nanostructures (EWNS) based nano-sanitizers. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 18:234-242. [PMID: 30904585 PMCID: PMC6588479 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases represent a major public health challenge worldwide. There are various modes for the transmission of these diseases, with surface and airborne transmission being two of the most important ones. The inefficiencies of current intervention methods have resulted in the emergence of nosocomial infections. Here, we report the use of a nanotechnology based antimicrobial platform using Engineered Water Nanostructures (EWNS) generated using a combined electrospray and ionization of an aqueous suspension of various active ingredients (AIs). These EWNS based nano-sanitizers were tested in terms of their ability to efficiently deliver AI and inactivate Acinetobacter baumannii and influenza H1N1/PR/8 on both surfaces and air. Results indicate a significant reduction in the concertation of the pathogens, while the delivered to pathogen AI doses required for inactivation were miniscule (nanogram level), indicating the viability of such nano-carrier platform as an intervention technology against infectious microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket Vaze
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georgios Pyrgiotakis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James McDevitt
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucas Mena
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adler Melo
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice Bedugnis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Eleftheriadou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Liu X, Zhang B, Sohal IS, Bello D, Chen H. Is "nano safe to eat or not"? A review of the state-of-the art in soft engineered nanoparticle (sENP) formulation and delivery in foods. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 88:299-335. [PMID: 31151727 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With superior physicochemical properties, soft engineered nanoparticles (sENP) (protein, carbohydrate, lipids and other biomaterials) are widely used in foods. The preparation, functionalities, applications, transformations in gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and effects on gut microbiota of sENP directly incorporated for ingestion are reviewed herein. At the time of this review, there is no notable report of safety concerns of these nanomaterials found in the literature. Meanwhile, various beneficial effects have been demonstrated for the application of sENP. To address public perception and safety concerns of nanoscale materials in food, methodologies for evaluation of physiological effects of nanomaterials are reviewed. The combination of these complementary methods will be useful for the establishment of a comprehensive risk assessment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Liu
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Boce Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States.
| | - Ikjot Singh Sohal
- Purdue University, Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States.
| | - Hongda Chen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Washington DC, United States.
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