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Bukhari SSUH, Parkes RSV, Sneddon LU, McElligott AG. The behavior and welfare of neglected species: some examples from fish and mammals. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17149. [PMID: 38560452 PMCID: PMC10981888 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal welfare is the state of an animal's body and mind and the level to which its requirements are satisfied. Animal welfare is affected by human decisions and actions. Numerous decisions concerning animals are driven by human desires to enhance their own lives, and some of these decisions may be influenced by self-interest or a strong emphasis on economic factors. How to assess the welfare state of animals is a central issue in animal welfare science. Two critical questions can be used to address animal welfare: first, is the animal healthy, and second, does the animal have what it needs? Both of these questions can potentially be answered using the study of animal behavior. The development of behavioral methodologies is crucial for evaluating welfare in contexts where concern for animal welfare is often highest, such as on intensive modern farms and sites where working animals are used. Herein, we discuss animal welfare by focusing on some of its major concepts and explanations. Later, to illustrate key aspects of animal welfare, we chose to examine the information that is available for some 'neglected' livestock species, which are commercially important on a global basis and found in large numbers: buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), camels (Camelus dromedarius), donkeys (Equus asinus), mules (Equus asinus × Equus caballus), and lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus). We chose these species because there are major ongoing concerns about their welfare, and more research is required to help solve the various problems. Overall, there are strong imbalances in terms of the species that are usually studied in terms of animal welfare research, and we call for greater attention to those that have traditionally been neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed S. U. H. Bukhari
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rebecca S. V. Parkes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Large Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, True Blue, St. George’s, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Lynne U. Sneddon
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alan G. McElligott
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Herdiana Y, Sofian FF, Shamsuddin S, Rusdiana T. Towards halal pharmaceutical: Exploring alternatives to animal-based ingredients. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23624. [PMID: 38187251 PMCID: PMC10770512 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Halal is a crucial concept for Muslim consumers regarding consumed products, including pharmaceutical ingredients, which are essential in modern medicine. To address the issue of using porcine-sourced ingredients in pharmaceuticals, it is essential to search for halal alternatives derived from poultry, animal by-products from meat processing, marine sources, and plants. However, the complexity of this problem is further compounded by the rapid advances in innovation and technology, which can lead to adulteration of ingredients derived from pigs. Other challenges include the sustainability of alternative materials, management of waste or by-products practice, halal awareness, certification, government policies, religious adherence of consumers, food suppliers, marketers, and purchasing of products. The importance of halal and non-halal problems, specifically in the context of pharmaceutical materials, is still rarely discussed, including alternatives derived from poultry, animal by-products, marine sources, and plants. Due to the increasing global population, there is a growing need to increase awareness and concern among Muslim consumers for halal products, including pharmaceuticals. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the importance of halal and non-halal issues in pharmaceutical ingredients, the potential impact on the Muslim community, as well as opportunities and challenges in the search for alternative ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedi Herdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
- Halal Food Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Society, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Ferdiansyah Sofian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
- Halal Food Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Society, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Nanobiotech Research Initiative, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), USM, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration on Advanced Sciences (URICAS), 11800, USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Taofik Rusdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
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Fletcher K, Limon G, Whatford L, Grist A, Knowles T, Gibson T. A systematic review of equid welfare at slaughter. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Soon JM, Abdul Wahab IR. A Bayesian Approach to Predict Food Fraud Type and Point of Adulteration. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030328. [PMID: 35159479 PMCID: PMC8834205 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary and secondary food processing had been identified as areas vulnerable to fraud. Besides the food processing area, other stages within the food supply chain are also vulnerable to fraud. This study aims to develop a Bayesian network (BN) model to predict food fraud type and point of adulteration i.e., the occurrence of fraudulent activity. The BN model was developed using GeNie Modeler (BayesFusion, LLC) based on 715 notifications (1979-2018) from Food Adulteration Incidents Registry (FAIR) database. Types of food fraud were linked to six explanatory variables such as food categories, year, adulterants (chemicals, ingredients, non-food, microbiological, physical, and others), reporting country, point of adulteration, and point of detection. The BN model was validated using 80 notifications from 2019 to determine the predictive accuracy of food fraud type and point of adulteration. Mislabelling (20.7%), artificial enhancement (17.2%), and substitution (16.4%) were the most commonly reported types of fraud. Beverages (21.4%), dairy (14.3%), and meat (14.0%) received the highest fraud notifications. Adulterants such as chemicals (21.7%) (e.g., formaldehyde, methanol, bleaching agent) and cheaper, expired or rotten ingredients (13.7%) were often used to adulterate food. Manufacturing (63.9%) was identified as the main point of adulteration followed by the retailer (13.4%) and distribution (9.9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mei Soon
- Faculty of Allied-Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
- Correspondence:
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Piña-Olmos S, Dolores-Hernández M, Villaseñor A, Díaz-Torres R, Ramírez Bribiesca E, López-Arellano R, Ramírez-Noguera P. Extracellular and intracellular zilpaterol and clenbuterol quantification in Hep G2 liver cells by UPLC-PDA and UPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113817. [PMID: 33303268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Zilpaterol and Clenbuterol are β-adrenergic agonists that have been widely used to feed cattle. Although the use of Zilpaterol has been approved, Clenbuterol is still used illegally at unknown doses. However, the research of both substances has been based mainly on the evaluation of residues. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a cellular model using Hep G2 cells treated with Zilpaterol and Clenbuterol is presented as an alternative approach to quantify both drugs at the cellular level. Thus, a complete analytical methodology has been developed for the accurate quantitation of these β-adrenergic agonists in both cellular compartments. We propose the use of ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA) for extracellular determinations while UPLC coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) for intracellular analysis. The methods were fully validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision, limits of detection and quantitation (LOD and LOQ, respectively), stability, carryover, and matrix effect. The method for intracellular content was linear ranging from 0.25 to 8 ng/mL while for extracellular content, the concentration of Zilpaterol and Clenbuterol ranged from 0.125 to 4 μg/mL, with correlation coefficients of R > 0.98 and >0.99, respectively. The combination of the two methodologies in the cellular model showed intracellular concentrations of 0.344 ± 0.06 μg/mL and 2.483 ± 0.36 μg/mL for Zilpaterol and Clenbuterol, respectively. Extracellular concentration was 0.728 ± 0.14 μg/mL and 0.822 ± 0.11 μg/mL for Zilpaterol and Clenbuterol, respectively. This work shows the potential applications of cellular modelling in the study of toxicity for the mentioned drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Piña-Olmos
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Celular, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, 54714, Mexico
| | - Mariana Dolores-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Farmacéutico (LEDEFAR), Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, 54714, Mexico
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Díaz-Torres
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Celular, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, 54714, Mexico
| | - Efrén Ramírez Bribiesca
- Programa de Ganadería, Colegio de Posgraduados, Montecillo, Carretera México-Texcoco Km.36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco, 56230, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Raquel López-Arellano
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Farmacéutico (LEDEFAR), Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, 54714, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ramírez-Noguera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Celular, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5, San Sebastián Xhala, Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México, 54714, Mexico.
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Miranda-de la Lama GC, González-Castro CA, Gutiérrez-Piña FJ, Villarroel M, Maria GA, Estévez-Moreno LX. Horse welfare at slaughter: A novel approach to analyse bruised carcasses based on severity, damage patterns and their association with pre-slaughter risk factors. Meat Sci 2020; 172:108341. [PMID: 33096428 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study presents a novel veterinary forensic approach to analyse the bruising of horse carcasses, based on the nature of the bruises and how they are grouped in certain anatomical areas. Data on pre-slaughter logistics was obtained for 113 journeys with horses that travelled from Mexico and the USA to a Mexican abattoir. We found that carcass bruising was a highly prevalent problem (79% of carcasses had bruising) and was especially problematic in journeys lasting longer than 12 h, independently of the animal's country of origin, sex, age, lairage time or vehicle type. Multivariable logistic regression showed that the most severe bruises were not dispersed randomly on the carcass and that their distribution was associated with the presence of medium-sized bruises on the abdominal wall, front and rear limb. Cluster analysis suggested four damage patterns based on bruise location: severe and concentrated bruising, as well as non-severe bruises on the rear limb, thoracic-wall or more dispersed throughout the carcass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro C Miranda-de la Lama
- Department of Animal Production & Food Science, Agri-Food Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Food Science, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM-Lerma), Lerma de Villada, State of México, Mexico.
| | - César A González-Castro
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine and Husbandry, Autonomous University of Zacatecas (UAZ), El Cordobel, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Gutiérrez-Piña
- Academic Unit of Veterinary Medicine and Husbandry, Autonomous University of Zacatecas (UAZ), El Cordobel, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Morris Villarroel
- Department of Animal Science, E.T.S.I.A. Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo A Maria
- Department of Animal Production & Food Science, Agri-Food Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura X Estévez-Moreno
- Department of Animal Production & Food Science, Agri-Food Institute of Aragon (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Parra-Bracamonte GM, Lopez-Villalobos N, Morris ST, Vázquez-Armijo JF. An overview on production, consumer perspectives and quality assurance schemes of beef in Mexico. Meat Sci 2020; 170:108239. [PMID: 32682175 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mexico has a large beef production industry that has grown significantly in the last decade. The export market has increased, however, domestic beef consumption has declined. A knowledge of the factors affecting consumer perceptions and acceptance of beef might highlight critical points that could improve the whole industry, and lead to an increase of export and domestic consumption. The present paper is aimed to provide an overview on the dynamics of Mexican beef production systems, the current perceptions of the Mexican consumer for beef, and the current available beef quality assurance schemes, based on published and official information.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Parra-Bracamonte
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
| | - N Lopez-Villalobos
- School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Centro Universitario UAEM Temascaltepec, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de México, Temascaltepec, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - S T Morris
- School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J F Vázquez-Armijo
- Centro Universitario UAEM Temascaltepec, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de México, Temascaltepec, Estado de México, Mexico
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