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Wu H, Wu A, Liu L, Kuang H, Sun M, Xu C, Xu X. Computerized analysis of haptens for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of Pyriftalid. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134705. [PMID: 38805812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Pyriftalid (Pyr) is one of the most commonly used herbicides and due to its widespread and improper use, it has led to serious pollution of groundwater, soil and other ecosystems, threatening human health. A rapid method to detect Pyr was urgently needed. A high specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Pyr with IC50 values of 4.7 ng/mL was obtained by mAb screening technique and method with enhanced matrix effect. The study firstly proposed colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips (CGIA) for Pyr, which enables rapid qualitative and quantitative determination of a large number of samples anytime and anywhere, so as to effectively monitor Pyr in environment and grain samples. Based on the properties of the desired Pyr antibody, the hapten Pyr-hapten-4 with high structural similarity to Pyr molecule, similar electrostatic potential distribution, and the ability to expose Pyr functional groups was screened out from five different Pyr haptens, which was consistent with mouse antiserum test. The CGIA quickly analyze the Pyr content in positive samples such as water samples, soil samples, paddy samples, brown rice samples within 10 min, the LOD for Pyr by CGIA as low as 1.84 ng/g, the v LOD value as low as 6 ng/g, and the extinction value as low as 25 ng/g. The content of positive samples detected by CGIA was consistent with the quantitative results of LC-MS/MS, the relative accuracy was within the range of 97-103 %. The recovery rate range for Pyr by CGIA was 92.0-99.7 %, and the coefficient of variation was between 1.30-8.56 %. It indicated Pyr-targeted CGIA test strip was an efficient and fast detection method to detect real environment and food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Aihong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Maozhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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2
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Xie X, He Z, Sun Z, Zhang S, Cao H, Hammock BD, Liu X. Shark anti-idiotypic variable new antigen receptor specific for an alpaca nanobody: Exploration of a nontoxic substitute to ochratoxin A in immunoassay. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135264. [PMID: 39032175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Nontoxic substitutes to mycotoxins can facilitate the development of eco-friendly immunoassays. To explore a novel nontoxic substitute to ochratoxin A (OTA), this study screened shark anti-idiotypic variable new antigen receptors (VNARs) against the alpaca anti-OTA nanobody Nb28 through phage display. After four rounds of biopanning of a naïve VNAR phage display library derived from six adult Chiloscyllium plagiosum sharks, one positive clone, namely, P-3, was validated through a phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (phage ELISA). The recombinant anti-idiotypic VNAR AId-V3 was obtained by prokaryotic expression, and the interactions between Nb28 and AId-V3 were investigated via computer-assisted simulation. The affinity of AId-V3 for Nb28 and its heptamer Nb28-C4bpα was measured using Biacore assay. Combining Nb28-C4bpα with AId-V3, a novel direct competitive ELISA (dcELISA) was developed for OTA analysis, with a limit of detection of 0.44 ng/mL and a linear range of 1.77-32.25 ng/mL. The good selectivity, reliability, and precision of dcELISA were confirmed via cross-reaction analysis and recovery experiments. Seven commercial pepper powder samples were tested using dcELISA and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Overall, the shark anti-idiotypic VNAR was demonstrated as a promising nontoxic substitute to OTA, and the proposed method was confirmed as a reliable tool for detecting OTA in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhenyun He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhichang Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Sihang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Ding L, Hu J, Liu X, Zeng J, Hu Z, Chen J, Zhu K, Duan H, Huang X. Ultrasensitive dynamic light scattering immunodetection of alpha-fetoprotein using heptamer-amplified nanoparticle crosslinking aggregation. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:387. [PMID: 38869719 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A novel construction strategy is introduced for an ultrasensitive dynamic light scattering (DLS) immunosensor targeting alpha fetoprotein (AFP). This approach relies on a self-assembled heptamer fusion protein (A1-C4bpα), incorporating the dual functions of multivalent recognition and crosslinking aggregation amplification due to the presence of seven AFP-specific A1 nanobodies on the A1-C4bpα heptamer. Leveraging antibody-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for target AFP capture and DLS signal output, the proposed heptamer-assisted DLS immunosensor offers high sensitivity, strong specificity, and ease of operation. Under the optimized conditions, the designed DLS immunosensor demonstrates excellent linear detection of AFP in the concentration range 0.06 ng mL-1 to 512 ng mL-1, with a detection limit of 15 pg mL-1. The selectivity, accuracy, precision, practicability, and reliability of this newly developed method were further validated through an assay of AFP levels in spiked and actual human serum samples. This work introduces a novel approach for constructing ultrasensitive DLS immunosensors, easily extendable to the sensitive determination of other targets via simply replacing the nanobody sequence, holding great promise in various applications, particularly in disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
- Songzi Center for Inspection and Test, Songzi, 434200, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Junyi Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Kang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China
| | - Hong Duan
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, P. R. China.
- Jiangxi Medicine Academy of Nutrition and Health Management, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China.
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4
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Liao X, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Zhang L, Wang P, Wei J, Yin X, Wang J, Wang H, Wang Y. Enhanced sandwich immunoassay based on bivalent nanobody as an efficient immobilization approach for foodborne pathogens detection. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1289:342209. [PMID: 38245207 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanobodies (Nbs), which consist of only antigen-binding domains of heavy chain antibodies, have been used in a various range of applications due to their excellent properties. Nevertheless, the size of Nbs is so small that their antigen binding sites may be sterically hindered after random fixation as capture antibodies, thus leading to poor detection performance in immunoassays. To address this problem, we have focused on the multivalent modification of Nbs, wanted to retain the advantage of good stability through enlarging the size of Nbs to a certain extent, while improve its affinity and reduce its influence by spatial orientation. RESULTS Here, we designed homo- and heterodimeric Nbs based on Nb413 and Nb422 which recognize different epitopes of Salmonella. The affinity of engineered bivalent nanobodies for S. Enteritidis were 2 orders of magnitude higher compared to monovalent Nbs and low to sub-nM KD, as calculated by Scatchard analysis. To further explore the potential of bivalent Nbs for the detection of Salmonella, we established a sandwich ELISA based on bivalent and phage-displayed Nbs (BNb-ELISA) for multiplex Salmonella determination. Compared with monovalent Nb-based ELISA, the limit of detection (LOD) of the BNb-ELISA was shown to increase 7.5-fold to 2.364 × 103 CFU mL-1 for S. Enteritidis. In addition, the feasibility of this approach for S. Enteritidis detection in real samples was evaluated, with recoveries ranging from 73.0 % to 125.6 % and coefficients of variation (CV) below 7.68 %. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY In this study, we developed for the first time bivalent Nbs against Salmonella and examined their improved affinity and impact on the performance of ELISA assay. It confirmed the high binding affinity and good ability of dimeric Nbs to reduce the occupation of the binding sites of immobilized antibodies. Thus, the multivalent modification of Nbs was demonstrated to be a promising means to enhance the performance of Nbs-based immunoassays for foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui Liao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuechi Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yanru Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhang X, Li Z, Yang L, Hu B, Zheng Q, Man J, Cao J. CRISPR/Cas12a-Derived Photoelectrochemical Aptasensor Based on Au Nanoparticle-Attached CdS/UiO-66-NH 2 Heterostructures for the Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Ochratoxin A. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:874-882. [PMID: 38156660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The sensitive and accurate detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) is crucial for public health due to its high toxicity. Herein, using Au nanoparticle (NP)-attached CdS/UiO-66-NH2 heterostructures as photoactive materials, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor was presented for the ultrasensitive assay of OTA based on a competitive displacement reaction triggering the trans-cleavage ability of CRISPR/Cas12a. In this sensing strategy, methylene blue-labeled single-stranded DNA (MB-ssDNA) was immobilized on the Au NPs/CdS/UiO-66-NH2 electrode to accelerate the separation of the photogenerated carrier, thus producing a significantly increased PEC response. In the presence of OTA, it specifically bound with the aptamer (Apt) and resulted in the release of the activation chain, triggering the trans-cleavage characteristics of CRISPR/Cas12a. MB-ssDNA was cut randomly on the electrode surface to convert the PEC signal from the "on" to the "off" state, thereby achieving a quantitative and accurate detection of OTA. The CRISPR/Cas12a-derived PEC aptasensor exhibited excellent sensitivity and specificity, with a linear range from 100 to 50 ng/mL and a detection limit of 38 fg/mL. Overall, the proposed aptasensor could provide a rapid, accurate, and sensitive method for the determination of OTA in actual samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Zhiru Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Qiuyue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jiang Man
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jijuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
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Gao S, Zhou R, Zhang D, Zheng X, El-Seedi HR, Chen S, Niu L, Li X, Guo Z, Zou X. Magnetic nanoparticle-based immunosensors and aptasensors for mycotoxin detection in foodstuffs: An update. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13266. [PMID: 38284585 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of food crops is a global challenge due to their unpredictable occurrence and severe adverse health effects on humans. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop effective tools to prevent the accumulation of mycotoxins through the food chain. The use of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-assisted biosensors for detecting mycotoxin in complex foodstuffs has garnered great interest due to the significantly enhanced sensitivity and accuracy. Within such a context, this review includes the fundamentals and recent advances (2020-2023) in the area of mycotoxin monitoring in food matrices using MNP-based aptasensors and immunosensors. In this review, we start by providing a comprehensive introduction to the design of immunosensors (natural antibody or nanobody, random or site-oriented immobilization) and aptasensors (techniques for aptamer selection, characterization, and truncation). Meanwhile, special attention is paid to the multifunctionalities of MNPs (recoverable adsorbent, versatile carrier, and signal indicator) in preparing mycotoxin-specific biosensors. Further, the contribution of MNPs to the multiplexing determination of various mycotoxins is summarized. Finally, challenges and future perspectives for the practical applications of MNP-assisted biosensors are also discussed. The progress and updates of MNP-based biosensors shown in this review are expected to offer readers valuable insights about the design of MNP-based tools for the effective detection of mycotoxins in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ruiyun Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Focusight Technology (Jiangsu) Co., LTD, Changzhou, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing (Jiangsu Education Department), Zhenjiang, China
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, China
| | - Lidan Niu
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangsu Hengshun vinegar Industry Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing (Jiangsu Education Department), Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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7
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Gu Y, Guo Y, Deng Y, Song H, Nian R, Liu W. Development of a highly sensitive immunoassay based on pentameric nanobodies for carcinoembryonic antigen detection. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341840. [PMID: 37827654 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM-5) is a well-characterized biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of various cancers. Nanobodies, considered the smallest antibody fragments with intact antigen-binding capacity, have gained significant attention in disease diagnosis and therapy. Due to their peculiar properties, nanobodies have become promising alternative diagnostic reagents in immunoassay. However, nanobodies-based immunoassay is still hindered by small molecular size and low antigen capture efficacy. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop novel nanobody-based immunoassays with superior performance. RESULTS A novel pentameric nanobodies-based immunoassay (PNIA) was developed with enhanced sensitivity and specificity for CEACAM-5 detection. The binding epitopes of three anti-CEACAM-5 nanobodies (Nb1, Nb2 and Nb3) were analyzed. To enhance the capture and detection efficacy of CEACAM-5 in the immunoassay, we engineered bispecific nanobodies (Nb1-Nb2-rFc) as the capture antibody, and developed the FITC-labeled pentameric nanobodies (Nb3-VT1B) as the detection antibody. The binding affinities of Nb1-Nb2-rFc (1.746 × 10-10) and Nb3-VT1B (1.279 × 10-11) were significantly higher than those of unmodified nanobodies (Nb1-rFc, 4.063 × 10-9; Nb2-rFc, 2.136 × 10-8; Nb3, 3.357 × 10-9). The PNIA showed a linear range of 0.625-160 ng mL-1 with a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.9985, and a limit of detection of 0.52 ng mL-1, which was 24-fold lower than the immunoassay using monomeric nanobody. The PNIA was validated with the spiked human serum. The average recoveries ranged from 91.8% to 102% and the coefficients of variation ranged from 0.026% to 0.082%. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY The advantages of nanobodies offer a promising alternative to conventional antibodies in disease diagnosis. The novel PNIA demonstrated superior sensitivity and high specificity for the detection of CEACAM-5 antigen. This bispecific or multivalent nanobody design will provide some new insights into the design of immunoassays for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 19(A), Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 19(A), Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 19(A), Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haipeng Song
- Shenzhen Innova Nanobodi Co., Ltd, No. 1301 Guanguang Road, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Rui Nian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China; Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Wenshuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China; Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China; Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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8
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Ilyas A, Dyussupova A, Sultangaziyev A, Shevchenko Y, Filchakova O, Bukasov R. SERS immuno- and apta-assays in biosensing/bio-detection: Performance comparison, clinical applications, challenges. Talanta 2023; 265:124818. [PMID: 37453393 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy is increasingly used as a sensitive bioanalytical tool for detection of variety of analytes ranging from viruses and bacteria to cancer biomarkers and toxins, etc. This comprehensive review describes principles of operation and compares the performance of immunoassays and aptamer assays with Surface Enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection to each other and to some other bioassay methods, including ELISA and fluorescence assays. Both immuno- and aptamer-based assays are categorized into assay on solid substrates, assays with magnetic nanoparticles and assays in laminar flow or/and strip assays. The best performing and recent examples of assays in each category are described in the text and illustrated in the figures. The average performance, particularly, limit of detection (LOD) for each of those methods reflected in 9 tables of the manuscript and average LODs are calculated and compared. We found out that, on average, there is some advantage in terms of LOD for SERS immunoassays (0.5 pM median LOD of 88 papers) vs SERS aptamer-based assays (1.7 pM median LOD of 51 papers). We also tabulated and analyzed the clinical performance of SERS immune and aptamer assays, where selectivity, specificity, and accuracy are reported, we summarized the best examples. We also reviewed challenges to SERS bioassay performance and real-life application, including non-specific protein binding, nanoparticle aggregation, limited nanotag stability, sometimes, relatively long time to results, etc. The proposed solutions to those challenges are also discussed in the review. Overall, this review may be interesting not only to bioanalytical chemist, but to medical and life science researchers who are interested in improvement of bioanalyte detection and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Ilyas
- Department of Chemistry, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Yegor Shevchenko
- Department of Chemistry, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Olena Filchakova
- Department of Biology, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Rostislav Bukasov
- Department of Chemistry, SSH, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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9
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Zhou J, Lv X, Gui Y, He J, Xie F, Cai J. Passion fruit-inspired dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres-enriched quantum dots coupled with magnetism-controllable aptasensor enable sensitive detection of ochratoxin A in food products. Food Chem 2023; 425:136445. [PMID: 37270885 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a powerful mycotoxin present in a variety of food products, and its detection is important for human health. Here, a fluorescent aptasensor is reported for sensitive OTA determination. Specifically, the surface of bio-inspired passion fruit-like dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres-enriched quantum dots (MSNQs-apt) was first modified with the OTA aptamer as the recognition unit and fluorescence emitter, while the aptamer-complementary DNA (MNPs-cDNA) was linked with the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as the separation element. In the range of 2.56 pg/mL to 8 ng/mL, the proposed aptasensor exhibited satisfactory linearity and a detection limit of 1.402 pg/mL. The developed aptasensor achieved recoveries of 90.98-103.20% and 94.33-107.57 % in red wine and wheat flour samples, respectively. By simply replacing the aptamer, this aptasensor can be easily extended to detection of other analytes, suggesting its potential as a universal detection platform for mycotoxins in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zhou
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xuqin Lv
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yue Gui
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jiangling He
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Fang Xie
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jie Cai
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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10
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Liu Y, Guo W, Zhang Y, Lu X, Yang Q, Zhang W. An accurate and ultrasensitive ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor for determination of Ochratoxin A based on catalytic hairpin assembly. Food Chem 2023; 423:136301. [PMID: 37178599 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) pollution in agricultural products has raised the pressing to develop sensitive, accurate and convenient detection methods. Herein, an accurate and ultrasensitive ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor was proposed based on catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) for OTA detection. In this strategy, the target recognition and CHA reaction were both accomplished in the same system, which avoided tedious multi-steps operation and extra reagents, providing the advantage of convenience with only a one-step reaction and without enzyme. The labeled Fc and MB were used as the signal-switching molecules, avoiding various interferences and greatly improving the reproducibility (RSD: 3.197%). This aptasensor achieved trace-level detection for OTA with LOD of 81 fg/mL in the linear range of lower concentration (100 fg/mL-50 ng/mL). Moreover, this strategy was successfully applied to OTA detection in cereals with comparable results of HPLC-MS. This aptasensor provided a viable platform for accurate, ultrasensitive, and one-step detection of OTA in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yunzhe Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xin Lu
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou 061100, China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control for Zoonoses Microbial, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
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11
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Yong Joon Kim J, Sang Z, Xiang Y, Shen Z, Shi Y. Nanobodies: Robust miniprotein binders in biomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 195:114726. [PMID: 36754285 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Variable domains of heavy chain-only antibodies (VHH), also known as nanobodies (Nbs), are monomeric antigen-binding domains derived from the camelid heavy chain-only antibodies. Nbs are characterized by small size, high target selectivity, and marked solubility and stability, which collectively facilitate high-quality drug development. In addition, Nbs are readily expressed from various expression systems, including E. coli and yeast cells. For these reasons, Nbs have emerged as preferred antibody fragments for protein engineering, disease diagnosis, and treatment. To date, two Nb-based therapies have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Numerous candidates spanning a wide spectrum of diseases such as cancer, immune disorders, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders are under preclinical and clinical investigation. Here, we discuss the structural features of Nbs that allow for specific, versatile, and strong target binding. We also summarize emerging technologies for identification, structural analysis, and humanization of Nbs. Our main focus is to review recent advances in using Nbs as a modular scaffold to facilitate the engineering of multivalent polymers for cutting-edge applications. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges for Nb development and envision new opportunities in Nb-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Yong Joon Kim
- Center of Protein Engineering and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1, Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhe Sang
- Center of Protein Engineering and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1, Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yufei Xiang
- Center of Protein Engineering and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1, Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zhuolun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Center of Protein Engineering and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1, Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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12
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Liu Z, Liu X, Pei H, Bao K, Su B, Cao H, Wu L, Chen Q. Rapid and sensitive immunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein in serum by fabricating primary antibody-enzyme complexes using protein self-assembly. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1576-1583. [PMID: 36883654 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay02078e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Primary antibody-enzyme complexes (PAECs) are ideal immunosensing elements that simplify the immunoassay process and improve the uniformity of results due to their ability to both recognize antigens and catalyze substrates. However, the conventional fabrication methods of PAECs, such as direct gene fusion expression, chemical conjugation, enzymatic conjugation, etc., have low efficiency, poor reliability, and other defects, which limit the widespread application of PAECs. Therefore, we developed a convenient method for the fabrication of homogeneous multivalent PAECs using protein self-assembly and validated it using anti-alpha-fetoprotein nanobody (A1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as models. Heptavalent PAECs showed a 4-fold enhancement in enzymatic catalytic activity compared to monovalent PAECs. Further, to verify the application of developed heptavalent PAECs in immunoassay, heptavalent PAECs were used as bifunctional probes to construct a double-antibody sandwich ELISA to detect AFP. The detection limit of the developed heptavalent PAEC-based ELISA is 0.69 ng mL-1, which is about 3 times higher than that of monovalent PAECs, and the whole detection process can be completed within 3 hours. In short, the proposed protein self-assembling method is a promising technology for developing high-performance heptavalent PACEs, which can simplify the detection process and improve detection sensitivity in various immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Hua Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Kunlu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Benchao Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Hongmei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Long Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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13
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Li L, Wang X, Chen J, Huang T, Cao H, Liu X. A Novel Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor Based on Resonance Energy Transfer between g-CN and NU-1000(Zr) for Ultrasensitive Detection of Ochratoxin A in Coffee. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040707. [PMID: 36832782 PMCID: PMC9955951 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on nanobody heptamer and resonance energy transfer (RET) between g-C3N4 (g-CN) and NU-1000(Zr) was proposed for ultrasensitive ochratoxin A (OTA) detection. First, OTA heptamer fusion protein was prepared by fusing OTA-specific nanometric (Nb28) with a c-terminal fragment of C4 binding protein (C4bpα) (Nb28-C4bpα). Then, Nb28-C4bpα heptamer with the high affinity used as a molecular recognition probe, of which plenty of binding sites were provided for OTA-Apt-NU-1000(Zr) nanocomposites, thereby improving the immunosensors' sensitivity. In addition, the quantitative analysis of OTA can be achieved by using the signal quenching effect of NU-1000(Zr) on g-CN. As the concentration of OTA increases, the amount of OTA-Apt-NU-1000(Zr) fixed on the electrode surface decreases. RET between g-CN and NU-1000(Zr) is weakened leading to the increase of ECL signal. Thus, OTA content is indirectly proportional to ECL intensity. Based on the above principle, an ultra-sensitive and specific ECL immunosensor for OTA detection was constructed by using heptamer technology and RET between two nanomaterials, with a range from 0.1 pg/mL to 500 ng/mL, and the detection limit of only 33 fg/mL. The prepared ECL-RET immunosensor showed good performance and can be successfully used for the determination of OTA content in real coffee samples, suggesting that the nanobody polymerization strategy and the RET effect between NU-1000(Zr) and g-CN can provide an alternative for improving the sensitivity of important mycotoxin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhi Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tianzeng Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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14
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Li D, Xia H, Sun Y, Liu W, Liu W, Yu J, Jing G, Zhang J, Li W. Colorimetric aptasensor for the sensitive detection of ochratoxin A based on a triple cascade amplification strategy. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1237:340616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Guan K, Huang R, Liu H, Huang Y, Chen A, Zhao X, Wang S, Zhang L. Development of a Reliable ic-ELISA with a Robust Antimatrix Interference Capability Based on QuEChERS Technology for the Rapid Detection of Zearalenone in Edible and Medical Coix Seeds and Subsequent Risk Assessments. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192983. [PMID: 36230059 PMCID: PMC9562022 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) is an ideal immunoassay method for large-scale screenings to detect mycotoxin contaminants. However, the matrix effect of complicated samples has always been challenging when performing immunoassays, as it leads to false-positive or negative results. In this study, convenient QuEChERS technology combined with optimizing the dilution solvent was ingeniously used to eliminate interference from the sample matrix to greatly improve the detection accuracy, and reliable ic-ELISAs for the two official tolerance levels of 60 and 500 μg/kg were developed to screen zearalenone (ZEN) in edible and medical coix seeds without any further correction. Then, the 122 batches of coix seeds were determined, and the positive rate was up to 97.54%. The contaminated distribution was further analyzed, and risk assessment was subsequently performed for its edible and medical purposes. The findings indicated that consumption of coix seeds with higher ZEN contamination levels may cause adverse health effects for both medical and edible consumption in the adult population; even under the condition of average contamination level, ZEN from coix seeds was the more prominent contributor to the total risk compared to other sources when used as food; thus, effective prevention and control should be an essential topic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rentang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ali Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiangsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine of Hainan Province & Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Shumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (L.Z.)
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16
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Emerging biosensors to detect aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products. Food Chem 2022; 398:133848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Li L, Liu X, Su B, Zhang H, Li R, Liu Z, Chen Q, Huang T, Cao H. An innovative electrochemical immunosensor based on nanobody heptamer and AuNPs@ZIF-8 nanocomposites as support for the detection of alpha fetoprotein in serum. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Simultaneous heptamerization of nanobody and alkaline phosphatase by self-assembly and its application for ultrasensitive immunodetection of small molecular contaminants in agro-products. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Wang Y, Xianyu Y. Nanobody and Nanozyme-Enabled Immunoassays with Enhanced Specificity and Sensitivity. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101576. [PMID: 35266636 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassay as a rapid and convenient method for detecting a variety of targets has attracted tremendous interest with its high specificity and sensitivity. Among the commonly used immunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been widely used as a gold standard method in various fields that consists of two main components including a recognition element and an enzyme label. With the rapid advances in nanotechnology, nanobodies and nanozymes enable immunoassays with enhanced specificity and sensitivity compared with conventional antibodies and natural enzymes. This review is focused on the applications of nanobodies and nanozymes in immunoassays. Nanobodies advantage lies in their small size, high specificity, mass expression, and high stability. Nanozymes with peroxidase, phosphatase, and oxidase activities and their applications in immunoassays are highlighted and discussed in detail. In addition, the challenges and outlooks in terms of the use of nanobodies and the development of novel nanozymes in practical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
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20
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Su B, Bei Z, Pei H, Xie X, Sun Z, Chen Q, Cao H, Liu X. Generation of a nanobody-alkaline phosphatase heptamer fusion for ratiometric fluorescence immunodetection of trace alpha fetoprotein in serum. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:507-515. [PMID: 35063488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is an important biomarker for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whereas, it is always a challenge to detect trace AFP in serum. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (RFEIA) was developed using nanobody-alkaline phosphatase (Nb-AP) heptamer and MnFe layered double hydroxides nanoflakes (MnFe LDH) for ultrasensitive detection of AFP. The Nb-AP heptamer (Nb-C4bpα-AP) was constructed by fusion expression of Nb, AP, and α-chain of C4 binding protein (C4bpα), where the C4bpα contributed to multimerization through self-assembly. The dual functional Nb-C4bpα-AP can recognize AFP, dephosphorylate ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AAP) into ascorbic acid (AA), and thus tune the MnFe LDH-mediated ratiometric fluorescence, which was generated from the oxidization of MnFe LDH on o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and the catalyzation of MnFe LDH on the cyclization reaction between AA and OPD. By integration of Nb-C4bpα-AP, MnFe LDH, AAP, and OPD, the RFEIA showed a limit of detection of 0.013 ng/mL with good selectivity, accuracy and precision. Furthermore, results of clinical serum samples tested by the RFEIA were well confirmed by the automated chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. Thus, this work demonstrated that the Nb-C4bpα-AP is a robust immunoreagent and the developed RFEIA could be a very promising tool for diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchao Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zheng Bei
- Cadre Sanatorium of Hainan, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Hua Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhichang Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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21
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Meng H, Yao N, Zeng K, Zhu N, Wang Y, Zhao B, Zhang Z. A Novel Enzyme-Free Ratiometric Fluorescence Immunoassay Based on Silver Nanoparticles for the Detection of Dibutyl Phthalate from Environmental Waters. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:125. [PMID: 35200385 PMCID: PMC8869742 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel ratiometric fluorescent immunoassay was developed based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the sensitive determination of dibutyl phthalate (DBP). In the detection system, AgNPs were labeled on the secondary antibody (AgNPs@Ab2) for signal amplification, which aimed to regulate the H2O2 concentrations. When AgNPs-Ab2 and antigen-primary antibody (Ab1) were linked by specific recognition, the blue fluorescence of Scopoletin (SC) could be effectively quenched by the H2O2 added while the red fluorescence of Amplex Red (AR) was generated. Under the optimized conditions, the calculated detection of limit (LOD, 90% inhibition) reached 0.86 ng/mL with a wide linear range of 2.31-66.84 ng/mL, which was approximately eleven times lower than that by HRP-based traditional ELISA with the same antibody. Meanwhile, it could improve the inherent built-in rectification to the environment by the combination of the dual-output ratiometric fluorescence assays with ELISA, which also enhanced the accuracy and precision (recoveries, 87.20-106.62%; CV, 2.57-6.54%), indicating it can be applied to investigate the concentration of DBP in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Meng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (N.Y.); (K.Z.); (N.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Nannan Yao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (N.Y.); (K.Z.); (N.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kun Zeng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (N.Y.); (K.Z.); (N.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Nuanfei Zhu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (N.Y.); (K.Z.); (N.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yue Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (N.Y.); (K.Z.); (N.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Biying Zhao
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (H.M.); (N.Y.); (K.Z.); (N.Z.); (Y.W.)
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