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Fomina P, Femenias A, Tafintseva V, Freitag S, Sulyok M, Aledda M, Kohler A, Krska R, Mizaikoff B. Prediction of Deoxynivalenol Contamination in Wheat via Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis. ACS FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 4:895-904. [PMID: 38660051 PMCID: PMC11037394 DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.3c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The climate crisis further exacerbates the challenges for food production. For instance, the increasingly unpredictable growth of fungal species in the field can lead to an unprecedented high prevalence of several mycotoxins, including the most important toxic secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium spp., i.e., deoxynivalenol (DON). The presence of DON in crops may cause health problems in the population and livestock. Hence, there is a demand for advanced strategies facilitating the detection of DON contamination in cereal-based products. To address this need, we introduce infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) spectroscopy combined with advanced data modeling routines and optimized sample preparation protocols. In this study, we address the limited exploration of wheat commodities to date via IR-ATR spectroscopy. The focus of this study was optimizing the extraction protocol for wheat by testing various solvents aligned with a greener and more sustainable analytical approach. The employed chemometric method, i.e., sparse partial least-squares discriminant analysis, not only facilitated establishing robust classification models capable of discriminating between high vs low DON-contaminated samples adhering to the EU regulatory limit of 1250 μg/kg but also provided valuable insights into the relevant parameters shaping these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Fomina
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Antoni Femenias
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Valeria Tafintseva
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Norwegian University
of Life Sciences, Drøbakveien 31, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Stephan Freitag
- University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology
IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and
Agro-Metabolomics, Konrad
Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology
IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and
Agro-Metabolomics, Konrad
Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Miriam Aledda
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Norwegian University
of Life Sciences, Drøbakveien 31, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Norwegian University
of Life Sciences, Drøbakveien 31, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Rudolf Krska
- University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology
IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and
Agro-Metabolomics, Konrad
Lorenzstr. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
- Institute
for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute
of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89075 Ulm, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Sedanstraße 14, 89077 Ulm, Germany
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2
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Tu Y, Liu S, Cai P, Shan T. Global distribution, toxicity to humans and animals, biodegradation, and nutritional mitigation of deoxynivalenol: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3951-3983. [PMID: 37421323 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the main types of B trichothecenes, and it causes health-related issues in humans and animals and imposes considerable challenges to food and feed safety globally each year. This review investigates the global hazards of DON, describes the occurrence of DON in food and feed in different countries, and systematically uncovers the mechanisms of the various toxic effects of DON. For DON pollution, many treatments have been reported on the degradation of DON, and each of the treatments has different degradation efficacies and degrades DON by a distinct mechanism. These treatments include physical, chemical, and biological methods and mitigation strategies. Biodegradation methods include microorganisms, enzymes, and biological antifungal agents, which are of great research significance in food processing because of their high efficiency, low environmental hazards, and drug resistance. And we also reviewed the mechanisms of biodegradation methods of DON, the adsorption and antagonism effects of microorganisms, and the different chemical transformation mechanisms of enzymes. Moreover, nutritional mitigation including common nutrients (amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and microelements) and plant extracts was discussed in this review, and the mitigation mechanism of DON toxicity was elaborated from the biochemical point of view. These findings help explore various approaches to achieve the best efficiency and applicability, overcome DON pollution worldwide, ensure the sustainability and safety of food processing, and explore potential therapeutic options with the ability to reduce the deleterious effects of DON in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuang Tu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Peiran Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Shelash Al-Hawary SI, Sapaev IB, Althomali RH, Musad Saleh EA, Qadir K, Romero-Parra RM, Ismael Ouda G, Hussien BM, Ramadan MF. Recent Progress in Screening of Mycotoxins in Foods and Other Commodities Using MXenes-Based Nanomaterials. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37307199 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2222412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin pollution in agricultural food products endangers animal and human health during the supply chains, therefore the development of accurate and rapid techniques for the determination of mycotoxins is of great importance for food safety guarantee. MXenes-based nanoprobes have attracted enormous attention as a complementary analysis and promising alternative strategies to conventional diagnostic methods, because of their fascinating features, like high electrical conductivity, various surface functional groups, high surface area, superb thermal resistance, good hydrophilicity, and environmentally-friendlier characteristics. In this study, we outline the state-of-the-art research on MXenes-based probes in detecting various mycotoxins like aflatoxin, ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and other toxins as a most commonly founded mycotoxin in the agri-food supply chain. First, we present the diverse synthesis approaches and exceptional characteristics of MXenes. Afterward, based on the detecting mechanism, we divide the biosensing utilizations of MXenes into two subcategories: electrochemical, and optical biosensors. Then their performance in effective sensing of mycotoxins is comprehensively deliberated. Finally, present challenges and prospective opportunities for MXenes are debated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I B Sapaev
- Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Raed H Althomali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Arts and Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Qadir
- Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | | | | | - Beneen M Hussien
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
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Narváez A, Izzo L, Castaldo L, Lombardi S, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Ritieni A. Multi-Mycotoxin Method Development Using Ultra-High Liquid Chromatography with Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Detection in Breakfast Cereals from the Campania Region, Italy. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:148. [PMID: 36828462 PMCID: PMC9962421 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakfast cereals have been reported as one of the most susceptible cereal-based products to mycotoxin contamination. These products pose an even more concerning risk to human health since they are marketed as a ready-to-eat product and one of its main population targets is children. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to conduct a monitoring study of multiple mycotoxins contained in breakfast cereals samples marketed in Italy through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution Q-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. An acetonitrile-based methodology was validated for quantifying 24 mycotoxins in breakfast cereals. The results showed that 93% of the samples contained at least one mycotoxin. Beauvericin was the most prevalent toxin (86% of samples; mean concentration: 30.66 µg/kg), although the main enniatins, zearalenone-derived forms and fumonisins B1 and B2 were also detected. Co-occurrence was observed in 73% of the positive samples with up to five mycotoxins simultaneously occurring, mainly due to the combination of beauvericin and enniatins. These results provided more evidence about the high impact of non-regulated mycotoxins, such as the emerging Fusarium toxins, in breakfast cereals, and encourages the development of analytical methodologies including these and zearalenone-derived forms that could be going unnoticed with current methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Narváez
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Castaldo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Lombardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Deterministic and Probabilistic Dietary Exposure Assessment to Deoxynivalenol in Spain and the Catalonia Region. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070506. [PMID: 35878243 PMCID: PMC9316368 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) remains one of the most concerning mycotoxins produced by the Fusarium genus due to the wide occurrence in highly consumed cereal-based food and its associated toxicological effects. Previous studies conducted in Spain and other European countries suggested that some vulnerable groups such as children could be exceeding the tolerable daily intakes. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive and updated dietary exposure assessment study in Spain, with a specific analysis in the region of Catalonia. Cereal-based food samples collected during 2019 were analysed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for multi-mycotoxin detection including DON and its main metabolites and derivatives. Consumption data were gathered from the nation-wide food surveys ENALIA and ENALIA2 conducted in Spain, and a specific survey conducted in Catalonia. The data were combined using deterministic and semi-parametric probabilistic methods. The results showed that DON was widely present in cereal-based food highly consumed in Spain and the Catalonia region. Exposure to DON among the adult population was globally low; however, among infants aged 3–9 years, it resulted in the median of 192 ng/kg body weight/day and the 95th percentiles of 604 ng/kg body weight/day, that would exceed the most conservative safety threshold for infants. Bread and pasta were the main contributing foodstuffs to the global exposure to DON, even among infants; thus, those foods should be considered a priority for food control or to develop strategies to reduce the exposure. In any case, further toxicological and epidemiological studies are required in order to refine the safety thresholds accounting for the sensitivity of the infant population.
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6
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Green and sustainable technologies for the decontamination of fungi and mycotoxins in rice: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Effect of Phenolic Extract from Red Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on T-2 Toxin-Induced Cytotoxicity in HepG2 Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071033. [PMID: 35407120 PMCID: PMC8997370 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Red beans contain human bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. Several in vitro studies have proposed the natural compounds as an innovative strategy to modify the toxic effects produced by mycotoxins. Hence, in this work, a complete investigation of the polyphenolic fraction of red beans was performed using a Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. Notably, epicatechin and delphinidin were the most detected polyphenols found in red bean extracts (3.297 and 3.108 mg/Kg, respectively). Moreover, the red bean extract was evaluated against the T-2 toxin (T-2) induced cytotoxicity in hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2) by direct treatment, simultaneous treatment, and pre-treatment assays. These data showed that T-2 affected the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, as well as observing a cytotoxic effect and a significant increase in ROS production at 30 nM. The simultaneous treatment and the pre-treatment of HepG2 cells with red bean extract was not able to modify the cytotoxic T-2 effect. However, the simultaneous treatment of T-2 at 7.5 nM with the red bean extract showed a significant decrease in ROS production, with respect to the control. These results suggest that the red bean extract could modulate oxidative stress on HepG2 cells.
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8
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Karimzadeh Z, Mahmoudpour M, Guardia MDL, Nazhad Dolatabadi JE, Jouyban A. Aptamer-functionalized metal organic frameworks as an emerging nanoprobe in the food safety field: Promising development opportunities and translational challenges. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Hasuda AL, Person E, Khoshal AK, Bruel S, Puel S, Oswald IP, Bracarense APFL, Pinton P. Deoxynivalenol induces apoptosis and inflammation in the liver: Analysis using precision-cut liver slices. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Human Biomonitoring of T-2 Toxin, T-2 Toxin-3-Glucoside and Their Metabolites in Urine through High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120869. [PMID: 34941707 PMCID: PMC8703800 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic profile of T-2 toxin (T-2) and its modified form T-2-3-glucoside (T-2-3-Glc) remain unexplored in human samples. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the presence of T-2, T-2-3-Glc and their respective major metabolites in human urine samples (n = 300) collected in South Italy through an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to Q-Orbitrap-HRMS methodology. T-2 was quantified in 21% of samples at a mean concentration of 1.34 ng/mg Crea (range: 0.22–6.54 ng/mg Crea). Almost all the major T-2 metabolites previously characterized in vitro were tentatively found, remarking the occurrence of 3′-OH-T-2 (99.7%), T-2 triol (56%) and HT-2 (30%). Regarding T-2-3-Glc, a low prevalence of the parent mycotoxin (1%) and its metabolites were observed, with HT-2-3-Glc (17%) being the most prevalent compound, although hydroxylated products were also detected. Attending to the large number of testing positive for T-2 or its metabolites, this study found a frequent exposure in Italian population.
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