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Yang F, Chen L, Zhou H, Zhang Q, Hao T, Hu Y, Wang S, Guo Z. An LF-NMR homogeneous sensor for highly sensitive and precise detection of E. coli based on target-triggered CuAAC click reaction. Talanta 2024; 278:126550. [PMID: 39013338 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) homogeneous sensor was constructed for detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) based on the copper metabolism of E. coli triggered click reaction. When live E. coli was present, a large amount of Cu2+ ions were transformed into Cu+ via copper metabolism, which then catalyzed a Cu+-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction between two materials, azide group modified gadolinium oxide nanorods (Gd2O3-Az) and PA-GO@Fe3O4 i.e., graphene oxide (GO) loaded with large amounts of alkynyl (PA) groups and Fe3O4 nanoparticles simultaneously. After magnetic separation, unbound Gd2O3-Az was dissolved by added hydrochloric acid (HCl) to generate homogeneous Gd3+ solution, enabling homogeneous detection of E. coli. Triple signal amplification was achieved through the CuAAC reaction induced by E. coli copper metabolism, functional nanomaterials, and HCl assisted homogeneous detection. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the linear range and limit of detection (LOD) for E. coli were 10-1.0 × 107 CFU/mL and 3.5 CFU/mL, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 2.8 %. In addition, the sensor has satisfactory selectivity, stability and practical sample application capability, providing a new approach for the LF-NMR detection of food-borne pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Le Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Huiqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Tingting Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yufang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Sui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
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Kong L, Dong Y, Shu G, Feng Y, Zhu M. Multienzyme-Mediated Dual-Channel Magnetic Relaxation Switching Taste Biosensor (D-MRSTB) for Simultaneous Detection of Umami Compounds and Synergistic Enhancement in Food. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1820-1830. [PMID: 38604805 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Umami substances play a significant role in the evaluation of food quality, and their synergistic enhancement is of great importance in improving and intensifying food flavors and tastes. Current biosensors available for umami detection still confront challenges in simultaneous quantification of multiple umami substances and umami intensities. In this study, an innovative dual-channel magnetic relaxation switching taste biosensor (D-MRSTB) was developed for the quantitative detection of representative umami substances. The multienzyme signal of D-MRSTB specifically catalyzes the umami substances of interest to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is then used to oxidate Fe2+ to Fe3+. Such a valence-state transition of paramagnetic ions was utilized as a magnetic relaxation signaling switch to influence the transverse magnetic relaxation time (T2) within the reaction milieu, thus achieving simultaneous detection of monosodium glutamate (MSG) and inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP). The biosensor showed good linearity (R2 > 0.99) in the concentration range of 50-1000 and 10-1000 μmol/L, with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.61 and 0.09 μmol/L for MSG and IMP, respectively. Furthermore, the biosensor accurately characterized the synergistic effect of the mixed solution of IMP and MSG, where ΔT2 showed a good linear relationship with the equivalent umami concentration (EUC) of the mixed solution (R2 = 0.998). Moreover, the D-MRSTB successfully achieved the quantitative detection of umami compounds in real samples. This sensing technology provides a powerful tool for achieving the detection of synergistic enhancement among umami compounds and demonstrates its potential for application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Kong
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yongzhen Dong
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116039, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116039, Liaoning, China
| | - Guoqiang Shu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yaoze Feng
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Interdisciplinary Sciences Research Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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3
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Si Q, Li Y, Huang Z, Liu C, Jiao T, Chen Q, Chen X, Chen Q, Wei J. Isothermal Reciprocal Catalytic DNA Circuit for Sensitive Analysis of Kanamycin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6754-6761. [PMID: 38470333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Inappropriate use of veterinary drugs can result in the presence of antibiotic residues in animal-derived foods, which is a threat to human health. A simple yet efficient antibiotic-sensing method is highly desirable. Programmable DNA amplification circuits have supplemented robust toolkits for food contaminants monitoring. However, they currently face limitations in terms of their intricate design and low signal gain. Herein, we have engineered a robust reciprocal catalytic DNA (RCD) circuit for highly efficient bioanalysis. The trigger initiates the cascade hybridization reaction (CHR) to yield plenty of repeated initiators for activating the rolling circle amplification (RCA) circuit. Then the RCA-generated numerous reconstituted triggers can reversely stimulate the CHR circuit. This results in a self-sufficient supply of numerous initiators and triggers for the successive cross-invasion of CHR and RCA amplifiers, thus leading to exponential signal amplification for the highly efficient detection of analytes. With its flexible programmability and modular features, the RCD amplifier can serve as a universal toolbox for the high-performance and accurate sensing of kanamycin in buffer and food samples including milk, honey, and fish, highlighting its enormous promise for low-abundance contaminant analysis in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Si
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ziling Huang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chuanyi Liu
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Tianhui Jiao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingmin Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jie Wei
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Huang L, Zhang X, Mao Z, Ren S, Zhou H, Liu B, Gao Z. Multisignal Biosensors Based on Mn Paramagnetic Relaxation and Nanocatalysis for Norovirus Detection. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4031-4038. [PMID: 38411081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A multisignal method for the sensitive detection of norovirus based on Mn paramagnetic relaxation and nanocatalysis was developed. This dual-modality sensing platform was based on the strong relaxation generated by cracked Au@MnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and their intrinsic enzyme-like activity. Ascorbic acid rapidly cracked the MnO2 layer of Au@MnO2 NPs to release Mn(II), resulting in the relaxation modality being in a "switch-on" state. Under the optimal conditions, the relaxation modality exhibited a wide working range (6.02 × 103-3.01 × 107 copies/μL) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.29 × 103 copies/μL. Using 4,4',4″,4″'-(porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl) tetrakis (benzenesulfonic acid) (tpps)-β-cyclodextrin (tpps-β-CD) as a T1 relaxation signal amplification reagent, a lower LOD was obtained. The colorimetric modality exploited the "peroxidase/oxidase-like" activity of Au@MnO2 NPs, which catalyzed the oxidation of colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue oxidized TMB, which exhibited a working range (6.02 × 104-6.02 × 106 copies/μL) and an LOD of 2.6 × 104 copies/μL. In addition, the rapid amplification reaction of recombinase polymerase enabled the detection of low norovirus levels in food samples and obtained a working range of 101-106 copies/mL and LOD of 101 copies/mL (relaxation modality). The accuracy of the sensor in the analysis of spiked samples was consistent with that of the real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, demonstrating the high accuracy and practical utility of the sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zefeng Mao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Shuyue Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Huanying Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
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Huang L, Zhang X, Mao Z, Liu S, Li Y, Ren S, Zhou H, Liu B, Gao Z. Ni-Pt nanozyme-mediated relaxation and colorimetric sensor for dual-modality detection of norovirus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169738. [PMID: 38160831 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
An NiPt nanozyme-mediated relaxation and colorimetric sensor is developed for dual-modality detection of norovirus (NoV). The relaxation modality is based on the "catalase-like" activity of the NiPt nanozyme, which adjusts the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mediated Fe (II)/Fe(III) conversion, thereby changing the relaxation signal. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (MW ≈ 1w) can enhance the relaxivity of Fe(III) (r1 = 7.11 mM-1 s-1; r2 = 8.94 mM-1 s-1). The colorimetric modality exploits the "peroxidase-like" activity of the NiPt nanozyme, which can catalyze the oxidation of colorless 3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue oxTMB in H2O2. Under optimal conditions, the relaxation modality exhibits a wide working range (1.0 × 101-1.0 × 104 fM) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.7 fM (equivalent to 2820 copies/μL). The spiked recoveries range from 99.593 to 106.442 %, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is less than 5.124 %. The colorimetric modality exhibited the same working range with a lower LOD of 2.9 fM (equivalent to 1740 copies/μL) and an RSD of less than 2.611 %. Additionally, the recombinase polymerase amplification reaction enabled the detection of low NoV levels in food samples with a working range of 102-106 copies/mL and LOD of 102 copies/mL. The accuracy of the sensor in the analysis of spiked samples is consistent with the gold standard method (real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), demonstrating the high accuracy and practical utility of the sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zefeng Mao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Shuyue Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Huanying Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China..
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China..
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Bhupathi P, Elhassan A-Elgadir TM, Mohammed Ali RH, Sanaan Jabbar H, Gulnoza D, Joshi SK, Kadhem Abid M, Ahmed Said E, Alawadi A, Alsaalamy A. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-Based Sensor for Detection of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37917532 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2274050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and rapid determination of foodborne pathogenic bacteria is of practical importance for the control and prevention of foodborne illnesses. Nowadays, with the prosperous development of fluorescence assays, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-derived diagnostic strategies are extensively employed in quantitative analysis of different pathogenic bacteria in food-related matrices, which displays a rapid, simple, stable, reliable, cost-effective, selective, sensitive, and real-time way. Considering the extensive efforts that have been made in this field so far, we here discuss the up-to-date developments of FRET-based diagnostic approaches for the determination of key foodborne pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Bacillus cereus in complex food-related matrices. Moreover, the principle of this technology, the choosing standards of acceptor-donor pairs, and the fluorescence properties are also profiled. Finally, the current prospects and challenges in this field are also put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharshini Bhupathi
- VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Hijran Sanaan Jabbar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Djakhangirova Gulnoza
- Department of Food Products Technology, Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Navoi street 32, Tashkent 100011, Uzbekistan
| | - S K Joshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, India
| | - Mohammed Kadhem Abid
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Esraa Ahmed Said
- Department of Dentistry, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsaalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
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Ma T, Huang K, Cheng N. Recent Advances in Nanozyme-Mediated Strategies for Pathogen Detection and Control. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13342. [PMID: 37686145 PMCID: PMC10487713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen detection and control have long presented formidable challenges in the domains of medicine and public health. This review paper underscores the potential of nanozymes as emerging bio-mimetic enzymes that hold promise in effectively tackling these challenges. The key features and advantages of nanozymes are introduced, encompassing their comparable catalytic activity to natural enzymes, enhanced stability and reliability, cost effectiveness, and straightforward preparation methods. Subsequently, the paper delves into the detailed utilization of nanozymes for pathogen detection. This includes their application as biosensors, facilitating rapid and sensitive identification of diverse pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and plasmodium. Furthermore, the paper explores strategies employing nanozymes for pathogen control, such as the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), HOBr/Cl regulation, and clearance of extracellular DNA to impede pathogen growth and transmission. The review underscores the vast potential of nanozymes in pathogen detection and control through numerous specific examples and case studies. The authors highlight the efficiency, rapidity, and specificity of pathogen detection achieved with nanozymes, employing various strategies. They also demonstrate the feasibility of nanozymes in hindering pathogen growth and transmission. These innovative approaches employing nanozymes are projected to provide novel options for early disease diagnoses, treatment, and prevention. Through a comprehensive discourse on the characteristics and advantages of nanozymes, as well as diverse application approaches, this paper serves as a crucial reference and guide for further research and development in nanozyme technology. The expectation is that such advancements will significantly contribute to enhancing disease control measures and improving public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Ma
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.M.); (K.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.M.); (K.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China
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Atay E, Altan A. Nanomaterial interfaces designed with different biorecognition elements for biosensing of key foodborne pathogens. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3151-3184. [PMID: 37222549 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne diseases caused by pathogen bacteria are a serious problem toward the safety of human life in a worldwide. Conventional methods for pathogen bacteria detection have several handicaps, including trained personnel requirement, low sensitivity, laborious enrichment steps, low selectivity, and long-term experiments. There is a need for precise and rapid identification and detection of foodborne pathogens. Biosensors are a remarkable alternative for the detection of foodborne bacteria compared to conventional methods. In recent years, there are different strategies for the designing of specific and sensitive biosensors. Researchers activated to develop enhanced biosensors with different transducer and recognition elements. Thus, the aim of this study was to provide a topical and detailed review on aptamer, nanofiber, and metal organic framework-based biosensors for the detection of food pathogens. First, the conventional methods, type of biosensors, common transducer, and recognition element were systematically explained. Then, novel signal amplification materials and nanomaterials were introduced. Last, current shortcomings were emphasized, and future alternatives were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Atay
- Department of Food Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Aylin Altan
- Department of Food Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Ahmad W, Wang L, Zareef M, Chen Q. Ultrasensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus using a non-fluorescent cDNA-grafted dark BBQ®-650 chromophore integrated hydrophilic upconversion nanoparticles/aptamer system. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:250. [PMID: 37278765 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A highly structured fluorometric bioassay has been proposed for screening Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The study exploits (i) the spectral attributes of the hexagonal NaYF4:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-coated 3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane; (ii) the intrinsic non-fluorescent quenching features of the highly stable dark blackberry (BBQ®-650) receptor; (iii) the aptamer (Apt-) biorecognition and binding affinity, and (iv) the complementary DNA hybridizer-linkage efficacy. The principle relied on the excited state energy transfer between the donor Apt-labeled NH2-UCNPs at the 3' end, and cDNA-grafted BBQ®-650 at the 5' end, as the effective receptors. The donor moieties in proximity (< 10.0 nm) trigger hybridization with the cDNA-grafted dark BBQ®-650, as the receptors of energy from the 2F5/2 level of Yb3+ ions to initiate the Förster resonance energy transfer pathway. This was confirmed by the decline in the excited-state lifetimes from 223.52 μs (τ1) to 179.26 μs (τ2). The existence of the target S. aureus in the bioassay attracts the Apt- resulting in the detachment of the acceptor, and disintegration of the complex configuration via conformation reversal. The re-activated fluorescence monitored at λex/em = 980/652 nm, as a function of the logarithmic concentration of S. aureus (42 to 4.2 × 108 CFU mL-1), yielded an ultra-low detection response of 2.0 CFU mL-1. The bioassay screening of S. aureus in real samples revealed satisfactory recoveries (92.44-107.82%) and validation results (p > 0.05). Hence, the comprehensive Apt-labeled NH2-UCNPs-cDNA-grafted dark BBQ®-650 bioassay offered fast and precise S. aureus screening in food and environmental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmad
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Zareef
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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Huang L, Pei K, Wang X. Magnetic relaxation switch sensor based on aptamer-modified poly-L-lysine-ferroferric oxide magnetic nanoparticles and graphene oxide for the determination of insecticides in vegetables. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:239. [PMID: 37231283 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A simple and effective graphene oxide-magnetic relaxation switch (GO-MRS) sensor that combines graphene oxide (GO) and aptamer-modified poly-L-lysine(PLL)-Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PLL-Apt NPs) was designed for the detection of acetamiprid (ACE). In this sensor, Fe3O4@PLL-Apt NPs acted as a relaxation signal probe and GO facilitated the generation of relaxation signal changes (dispersion/aggregation shift), while the aptamer is a molecular component that recognizes ACE. This GO-assisted magnetic signal probe improves the stability of magnetic nanoparticles in solution and enhances their sensitivity to small molecules while avoiding cross-reactions. Under optimal conditions, the sensor exhibits a wide working range (10-80 nM) and low detection limit (8.43 nM). The spiked recoveries ranged from 96.54 to 103.17%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 2.3%. In addition, the performance of the GO-MRS sensor matched that of the standard method (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)), indicating that the GO-MRS sensor is suitable for the detection of ACE in vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Kaili Pei
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
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Servarayan K, Krishnamoorthy G, Sundaram E, Karuppusamy M, Murugan M, Piraman S, Vasantha VS. Optical Immunosensor for the Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Food Matrixes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15979-15989. [PMID: 37179640 PMCID: PMC10173425 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, simple imine-based organic fluorophore 4-amino-3-(anthracene-9 yl methyleneamino) phenyl (phenyl) methanone (APM) has been synthesized via a greener approach and the same was used to construct a fluorescent immunoassay for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes (LM). A monoclonal antibody of LM was tagged with APM via the conjugation of the amine group in APM and the acid group of anti-LM through EDC/NHS coupling. The designed immunoassay was optimized for the specific detection of LM in the presence of other interfering pathogens based on the aggregation-induced emission mechanism and the formation of aggregates and their morphology was confirmed with the help of scanning electron microscopy. Density functional theory studies were done to further support the sensing mechanism-based changes in the energy level distribution. All photophysical parameters were measured by using fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Specific and competitive recognition of LM was done in the presence of other relevant pathogens. The immunoassay shows a linear appreciable range from 1.6 × 106-2.7024 × 108 cfu/mL using the standard plate count method. The LOD has been calculated from the linear equation and the value is found as 3.2 cfu/mL, and this is the lowest LOD value reported for the detection of LM so far. The practical applications of the immunoassay were demonstrated in various food samples, and their accuracy obtained was highly comparable with the standard existing ELISA method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika
Lakshmi Servarayan
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindan Krishnamoorthy
- Translational
Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Central University Laboratory, TANUVAS, Chennai 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ellairaja Sundaram
- Department
of Chemistry, Vivekananda College, Tiruvedakam-West, Madurai 625234, India
| | - Masiyappan Karuppusamy
- Centre
for High Computing, CSIR-Central Leather
Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Marudhamuthu Murugan
- Department
of Microbial Technology, Madurai Kamaraj
University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Shakkthivel Piraman
- Department
of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa
University, Karaikudi-630003, India
| | - Vairathevar Sivasamy Vasantha
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Xie S, Zhao C, Shen J, Wei J, Liu H, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Zhu Y. Hierarchical Flower-like WO 3 Nanospheres Decorated with Bimetallic Au and Pd for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone Biomarker. ACS Sens 2023; 8:728-738. [PMID: 36696471 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, which is abundant in environment, can lead to many kinds of serious illnesses and even death. Nowadays, indirectly detecting the metabolite biomarker of L. monocytogenes, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, has been verified to be an effective way to evaluate the contamination of L. monocytogenes. However, this detection approach is still limited by sensitivity, selectivity, and ppb-level detection limit. Herein, low-cost and highly sensitive and selective 3-hydroxy-2-butanone sensors have been proposed based on the bimetallic AuPd decorated hierarchical flower-like WO3 nanospheres. Notably, the 1.0 wt % AuPd-WO3 based sensors displayed the highest sensitivity (Ra/Rg = 84 @ 1 ppm) at 250 °C. In addition, the sensors showed outstanding selectivity, rapid response/recovery (8/4 s @ 10 ppm), and low detection limit (100 ppb). Furthermore, the evaluation of L. monocytogenes with high sensitivity and specificity has been achieved using 1.0 wt % AuPd-WO3 based sensors. Such a marvelous sensing performance benefits from the synergistic effect of bimetallic AuPd nanoparticles, which lead to thicker electron depletion layer and increased adsorbed oxygen species. Meanwhile, the unique hierarchical nanostructure of the flower-like WO3 nanospheres benefits the gas-sensing performance. The AuPd-WO3 nanosphere-based sensors exhibit a particular and highly selective method to detect 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, foreseeing a feasible route for the rapid and nondestructive evaluation of foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jiabin Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Haiquan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yongheng Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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13
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Mehrannia L, Khalilzadeh B, Rahbarghazi R, Milani M, Saydan Kanberoglu G, Yousefi H, Erk N. Electrochemical Biosensors as a Novel Platform in the Identification of Listeriosis Infection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:216. [PMID: 36831982 PMCID: PMC9954029 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (L.M.) is a gram-positive bacillus with wide distribution in the environment. This bacterium contaminates water sources and food products and can be transmitted to the human population. The infection caused by L.M. is called listeriosis and is common in pregnant women, immune-deficient patients, and older adults. Based on the released statistics, listeriosis has a high rate of hospitalization and mortality; thus, rapid and timely detection of food contamination and listeriosis cases is necessary. During the last few decades, biosensors have been used for the detection and monitoring of varied bacteria species. These devices are detection platforms with great sensitivity and low detection limits. Among different types of biosensors, electrochemical biosensors have a high capability to circumvent several drawbacks associated with the application of conventional laboratory techniques. In this review article, different electrochemical biosensor types used for the detection of listeriosis were discussed in terms of actuators, bioreceptors, specific working electrodes, and signal amplification. We hope that this review will facilitate researchers to access a complete and comprehensive template for pathogen detection based on the different formats of electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mehrannia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14733, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14733, Iran
| | - Balal Khalilzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14733, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14733, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14733, Iran
| | - Morteza Milani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14733, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Yousefi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy 58167-53464, Iran
| | - Nevin Erk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
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14
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Ultrasensitive hairpin mediated upconversion fluorescence biosensor for Staphylococcus aureus detection in foods and waters exploiting g-C 3N 4-assisted catalysis. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340738. [PMID: 36628775 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel g-C3N4 nanosheets (g-C3N4 NSs)-assisted upconversion fluorescent aptasensor was proposed for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) detection by adopting hybridization chain reaction (HCR) as a sensitizer. Two hairpin (H1 and H2) structured DNA probes were engineered predicated on the partial complementary sequence (cDNA) of S. aureus aptamer and modified on the exterior of the upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), respectively. The presence of S. aureus initiated the HCR system and activated H1 and H2 probes to form a double-helix away from the g-C3N4 NSs vicinity. This led to the decrease in peroxidase-like activity (PA) of the g-C3N4 NSs and corresponding fluorescence recovery proportional to the concentration of S. aureus (10-106 cfu mL-1). The method was applied to real food samples with acceptable recoveries (91.1-101.6%) and further validated by traditional plate counting method (p > 0.05).
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15
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Gold Nanozymes: Smart Hybrids with Outstanding Applications. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanozymes are nanostructured artificial enzymes that have attracted great attention among researchers because of their ability to mimic relevant biological reactions carried out by their natural counterparts, but with the capability to overcome natural enzymes’ drawbacks such as low thermostability or narrow substrate scope. The promising enzyme-like properties of these systems make nanozymes excellent candidates for innovative solutions in different scientific fields such as analytical chemistry, catalysis or medicine. Thus, nanozymes with different type of activities are of special interest owing to their versatility since they can reproduce several biological reactions according to the substrates and the environmental conditions. In this context, gold-based nanozymes are a representative example of multifunctional structures that can perform a great number of enzyme-like activities. In addition, the combination of gold-based materials with structures of organic and inorganic chemical nature yields even more powerful hybrid nanozymes, which enhance their activity by providing improved features. This review will carry out a deep insight into gold-based nanozymes, revisiting not only the different type of biological enzymatic reactions that can be achieved with these kinds of systems, but also structural features of some of the most relevant hybrid gold-based nanozymes described in the literature. This literature review will also provide a representative picture of the potential of these structures to solve future technological challenges.
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16
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Chen J, Zhang X, Bassey AP, Xu X, Gao F, Guo K, Zhou G. Prospects for the next generation of artificial enzymes for ensuring the quality of chilled meat: Opportunities and challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3583-3603. [PMID: 36239319 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2133077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As living standards rise, the demand for high-quality chilled meat among consumers also grows. Researchers and enterprises have been interested in ensuring the quality of chilled meat in all links of the downstream industry. Nanozyme has shown the potential to address the aforementioned requirements. Reasons and approaches for the application of nanozymes in the freshness assessment or shelf life extension of chilled meat were discussed. The challenges for applying these nanozymes to ensure the quality of chilled meat were also summarized. Finally, this review examined the safety, regulatory status, and consumer attitudes toward nanozymes. This review revealed that the freshness assessment of chilled meat is closely related to mimicking the enzyme activities of nanozymes, whereas the shelf life changes of chilled meat are mostly dependent on the photothermal activities and pseudophotodynamic activities of nanozymes. In contrast, studies regarding the shelf life of chilled meat are more challenging to develop, as excessive heat or reactive oxygen species impair its quality. Notably, meat contains a complex matrix composition that may interact with the nanozyme, reducing its effectiveness. Nanopollution and mass manufacturing are additional obstacles that must be overcome. Therefore, it is vital to choose suitable approaches to ensure meat quality. Furthermore, the safety of nanozymes in meat applications still needs careful consideration owing to their widespread usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anthony Pius Bassey
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fenglei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kaijin Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Wu L, Zeng W, Hu B, Wu T, Zhou M, Xie W. Magnetic relaxation switching immunoassay for chlorpyrifos using enzyme-mediated Fe2+/Fe3+ conversion and magnetic separation. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1227:340311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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18
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Huang L, Wang X, Liu S, Liu B, Gao Z. Magnetic Relaxation Switch Sensor Based on Magnetophoresis and "T-Hg(II)-T" Signal Amplification. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12016-12023. [PMID: 35997203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we designed a magnetic relaxation switch (MRS) sensor combined with magnetophoresis technology (MS-MRS), which helps solve the problems of traditional MRS sensors. The sensor is based on a new combined magnet and is composed of small magnetic blocks and iron sheets that can rapidly separate magnetic nanoparticles of different sizes within 5 min. The MS-MRS sensor consists of aptamer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (diameter: 200 nm) (MNP200-Apt), complementary DNA-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (diameter: 20 nm) (MNP20-cDNA), and a combined magnet ("M2" magnet). The MNP200-Apt probe could be separated by an "M2" magnet but the MNP20-cDNA probe could not. To further improve the sensitivity of the sensor, we successfully constructed an MS-MRS-Hg sensor based on the "T-Hg(II)-T" specific recognition that aggregated MNP20-cDNA probes to amplify the relaxation signal. The detection working range of the MS-MRS sensor is 0.5-100 ng/mL and that of the MS-MRS-Hg sensor is 0.05-100 ng/mL. Their limit of detection (LOD) values are 0.15 and 0.01 ng/mL, respectively. The relative recoveries of the MS-MRS and MS-MRS-Hg sensors are 95.2-119.5% and 93.1-113.1%, respectively. These results indicate that the proposed sensors have a high accuracy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhixian Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
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