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Chinnasamy G, Dekeba K, Sundramurthy VP, Dereje B. Physicochemical properties of tef starch: morphological, thermal, thermogravimetric, and pasting properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2098973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenenisa Dekeba
- Department of Food Process Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Venkatesa Prabhu Sundramurthy
- Center of Excellence for Bioprocess and Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Dereje
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland
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Wang L, Wang Y, Makhmoudova A, Nitschke F, Tetlow IJ, Emes MJ. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated editing of starch branching enzymes results in altered starch structure in Brassica napus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1866-1886. [PMID: 34850950 PMCID: PMC8968267 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Starch branching enzymes (SBEs) are one of the major classes of enzymes that catalyze starch biosynthesis in plants. Here, we utilized the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9)-mediated gene editing system to investigate the effects of SBE mutation on starch structure and turnover in the oilseed crop Brassica napus. Multiple single-guide RNA (sgRNA) expression cassettes were assembled into a binary vector and two rounds of transformation were employed to edit all six BnaSBE genes. All mutations were heterozygous monoallelic or biallelic, and no chimeric mutations were detected from a total of 216 editing events. Previously unannotated gene duplication events associated with two BnaSBE genes were characterized through analysis of DNA sequencing chromatograms, reflecting the complexity of genetic information in B. napus. Five Cas9-free homozygous mutant lines carrying two to six mutations of BnaSBE were obtained, allowing us to compare the effect of editing different BnaSBE isoforms. We also found that in the sextuple sbe mutant, although indels were introduced at the genomic DNA level, an alternate transcript of one BnaSBE2.1 gene bypassed the indel-induced frame shift and was translated to a modified full-length protein. Subsequent analyses showed that the sextuple mutant possesses much lower SBE enzyme activity and starch branching frequency, higher starch-bound phosphate content, and altered pattern of amylopectin chain length distribution relative to wild-type (WT) plants. In the sextuple mutant, irregular starch granules and a slower rate of starch degradation during darkness were observed in rosette leaves. At the pod-filling stage, the sextuple mutant was distinguishable from WT plants by its thick main stem. This work demonstrates the applicability of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for the study of multi-gene families and for investigation of gene-dosage effects in the oil crop B. napus. It also highlights the need for rigorous analysis of CRISPR-Cas9-mutated plants, particularly with higher levels of ploidy, to ensure detection of gene duplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - You Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amina Makhmoudova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Felix Nitschke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ian J Tetlow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michael J Emes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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3
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Highland barley starch (Qingke): Structures, properties, modifications, and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:725-738. [PMID: 34224757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Highland barley (HB) is mainly composed of starch, which may account for up to 65% of the dry weight to the kernel. HB possesses unique physical and chemical properties and has good industrial application potential. It has also been identified as a minor grain crop with excellent nutritional and health functions. Highland barley starch (HBS) features a number of structural and functional properties that render it a useful material for numerous food and non-food applications. This review summarizes the current status of research on the extraction processes, chemical composition, molecular fine structures, granular morphology, physicochemical properties, digestibility, chemical and physical modifications, and potential uses of HBS. The findings provide a comprehensive reference for further research on HBS and its applications in various food and non-food industries.
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Whitney K, Simsek S. Potato flour as a functional ingredient in bread: evaluation of bread quality and starch characteristics. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Whitney
- Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University PO Box 6050, Dept# 7670 Fargo ND58108‐6050USA
| | - Senay Simsek
- Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University PO Box 6050, Dept# 7670 Fargo ND58108‐6050USA
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You Y, Zhang M, Yang W, Li C, Liu Y, Li C, He J, Wu W. Starch phosphorylation and the in vivo regulation of starch metabolism and characteristics. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:823-831. [PMID: 32445823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Starch is the most significant carbon and energy reserve in plants and is also a sustainable feedstock for many industrial applications. Substantial research effort has been devoted to enhancing the yield and quality of starch. Over the past century, starch phosphorylation has aroused increasing interest as the only naturally occurring covalent modification in starch. Many studies have investigated the role of phosphorylation in starch metabolism and its impact on the starch granule. In this review, the two key enzymes involved in starch phosphorylation and their catalytic mechanisms are described at the molecular level; the vital roles of phosphorylation in starch degradation and biosynthesis are illuminated in detail; and the multiple influences of phosphorylation on starch composition, granule structure and physicochemical properties are discussed. This review systematically summarizes the importance of phosphorylation in starch metabolism, and describes the advanced methods used to precisely measure phosphate and increase the level of starch phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian You
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Wen Yang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Caiming Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jialiang He
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
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A two-stage modification method using 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme lowers the in vitro digestibility of corn starch. Food Chem 2020; 305:125441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Nie H, Li C, Liu PH, Lei CY, Li JB. Retrogradation, gel texture properties, intrinsic viscosity and degradation mechanism of potato starch paste under ultrasonic irradiation. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Ren J, Li C, Gu Z, Cheng L, Hong Y, Li Z. Digestion rate of tapioca starch was lowed through molecular rearrangement catalyzed by 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Samodien E, Jewell JF, Loedolff B, Oberlander K, George GM, Zeeman SC, Damberger FF, van der Vyver C, Kossmann J, Lloyd JR. Repression of Sex4 and Like Sex Four2 Orthologs in Potato Increases Tuber Starch Bound Phosphate With Concomitant Alterations in Starch Physical Properties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1044. [PMID: 30083175 PMCID: PMC6064929 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To examine the roles of starch phosphatases in potatoes, transgenic lines were produced where orthologs of SEX4 and LIKE SEX FOUR2 (LSF2) were repressed using RNAi constructs. Although repression of either SEX4 or LSF2 inhibited leaf starch degradation, it had no effect on cold-induced sweetening in tubers. Starch amounts were unchanged in the tubers, but the amount of phosphate bound to the starch was significantly increased in all the lines, with phosphate bound at the C6 position of the glucosyl units increased in lines repressed in StSEX4 and in the C3 position in lines repressed in StLSF2 expression. This was accompanied by a reduction in starch granule size and an alteration in the constituent glucan chain lengths within the starch molecule, although no obvious alteration in granule morphology was observed. Starch from the transgenic lines contained fewer chains with a degree of polymerization (DP) of less than 17 and more with a DP between 17 and 38. There were also changes in the physical properties of the starches. Rapid viscoanalysis demonstrated that both the holding strength and the final viscosity of the high phosphate starches were increased indicating that the starches have increased swelling power due to an enhanced capacity for hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Samodien
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jonathan F. Jewell
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Bianke Loedolff
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Kenneth Oberlander
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Gavin M. George
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel C. Zeeman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fred F. Damberger
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy Platform, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christell van der Vyver
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jens Kossmann
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - James R. Lloyd
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Pasting and thermal properties of waxy corn starch modified by 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:679-687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Zhang H, Hou J, Liu J, Zhang J, Song B, Xie C. The roles of starch metabolic pathways in the cold-induced sweetening process in potatoes. STARCH-STARKE 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201600194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhang
- College of Forestry; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HAU); Ministry of Education, National Centre for Vegetable Improvement (Central China); Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Juan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HAU); Ministry of Education, National Centre for Vegetable Improvement (Central China); Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HAU); Ministry of Education, National Centre for Vegetable Improvement (Central China); Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Juping Zhang
- College of Forestry; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang P.R. China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HAU); Ministry of Education, National Centre for Vegetable Improvement (Central China); Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HAU); Ministry of Education, National Centre for Vegetable Improvement (Central China); Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan P.R. China
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12
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High throughput screening of starch structures using carbohydrate microarrays. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30551. [PMID: 27468930 PMCID: PMC4965820 DOI: 10.1038/srep30551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we introduce the starch-recognising carbohydrate binding module family 20 (CBM20) from Aspergillus niger for screening biological variations in starch molecular structure using high throughput carbohydrate microarray technology. Defined linear, branched and phosphorylated maltooligosaccharides, pure starch samples including a variety of different structures with variations in the amylopectin branching pattern, amylose content and phosphate content, enzymatically modified starches and glycogen were included. Using this technique, different important structures, including amylose content and branching degrees could be differentiated in a high throughput fashion. The screening method was validated using transgenic barley grain analysed during development and subjected to germination. Typically, extreme branching or linearity were detected less than normal starch structures. The method offers the potential for rapidly analysing resistant and slowly digested dietary starches.
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Khan B, Bilal Khan Niazi M, Samin G, Jahan Z. Thermoplastic Starch: A Possible Biodegradable Food Packaging Material-A Review. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National University of Sciences and Technology; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National University of Sciences and Technology; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Ghufrana Samin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus; Pakistan
| | - Zaib Jahan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National University of Sciences and Technology; Islamabad Pakistan
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Carpenter MA, Joyce NI, Genet RA, Cooper RD, Murray SR, Noble AD, Butler RC, Timmerman-Vaughan GM. Starch phosphorylation in potato tubers is influenced by allelic variation in the genes encoding glucan water dikinase, starch branching enzymes I and II, and starch synthase III. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:143. [PMID: 25806042 PMCID: PMC4354307 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Starch phosphorylation is an important aspect of plant metabolism due to its role in starch degradation. Moreover, the degree of phosphorylation of starch determines its physicochemical properties and is therefore relevant for industrial uses of starch. Currently, starch is chemically phosphorylated to increase viscosity and paste stability. Potato cultivars with elevated starch phosphorylation would make this process unnecessary, thereby bestowing economic and environmental benefits. Starch phosphorylation is a complex trait which has been previously shown by antisense gene repression to be influenced by a number of genes including those involved in starch synthesis and degradation. We have used an association mapping approach to discover genetic markers associated with the degree of starch phosphorylation. A diverse collection of 193 potato lines was grown in replicated field trials, and the levels of starch phosphorylation at the C6 and C3 positions of the glucosyl residues were determined by mass spectrometry of hydrolyzed starch from tubers. In addition, the potato lines were genotyped by amplicon sequencing and microsatellite analysis, focusing on candidate genes known to be involved in starch synthesis. As potato is an autotetraploid, genotyping included determination of allele dosage. Significant associations (p < 0.001) were found with SNPs in the glucan water dikinase (GWD), starch branching enzyme I (SBEI) and the starch synthase III (SSIII) genes, and with a SSR allele in the SBEII gene. SNPs in the GWD gene were associated with C6 phosphorylation, whereas polymorphisms in the SBEI and SBEII genes were associated with both C6 and C3 phosphorylation and the SNP in the SSIII gene was associated with C3 phosphorylation. These allelic variants have potential as genetic markers for starch phosphorylation in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nigel I. Joyce
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd.Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Russell A. Genet
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd.Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca D. Cooper
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd.Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah R. Murray
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd.Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Ruth C. Butler
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd.Lincoln, New Zealand
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15
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Wang K, Henry RJ, Gilbert RG. Causal Relations Among Starch Biosynthesis, Structure, and Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40362-014-0016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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16
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Juhász R, Horváth K, Dalmadi I, Andrássy É, Salgó A, Farkas J. Studies on damage of starches in irradiated wheat and white pepper using Rapid Visco-Analyser (RVA). ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.42.2013.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Carpenter M, Joyce N, Butler R, Genet R, Timmerman-Vaughan G. A mass spectrometric method for quantifying C3 and C6 phosphorylation of starch. Anal Biochem 2012; 431:115-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Phosphate esters in amylopectin clusters of potato tuber starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 48:639-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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Onofre F, Wang YJ. Hydroxypropylated starches of varying amylose contents as sustained release matrices in tablets. Int J Pharm 2010; 385:104-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Hansen MR, Blennow A, Farhat I, Nørgaard L, Pedersen S, Engelsen SB. Comparative NMR relaxometry of gels of amylomaltase-modified starch and gelatin. Food Hydrocoll 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Wickramasinghe HAM, Blennow A, Noda T. Physico-chemical and degradative properties of in-planta re-structured potato starch. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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24
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Juhász R, Salgó A. Pasting Behavior of Amylose, Amylopectin and Their Mixtures as Determined by RVA Curves and First Derivatives. STARCH-STARKE 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/star.200700634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Low temperature post-harvest storage of New Zealand Taewa (Maori potato): Effects on starch physico-chemical and functional characteristics. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Noda T, Kottearachchi NS, Tsuda S, Mori M, Takigawa S, Matsuura-Endo C, Kim SJ, Hashimoto N, Yamauchi H. Starch phosphorus content in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars and its effect on other starch properties. Carbohydr Polym 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Wischmann B, Ahmt T, Bandsholm O, Blennow A, Young N, Jeppesen L, Thomsen L. Testing properties of potato starch from different scales of isolations—A ringtest. J FOOD ENG 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Singh J, McCarthy OJ, Singh H. Physico-chemical and morphological characteristics of New Zealand Taewa (Maori potato) starches. Carbohydr Polym 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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de Pater S, Caspers M, Kottenhagen M, Meima H, ter Stege R, de Vetten N. Manipulation of starch granule size distribution in potato tubers by modulation of plastid division. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2006; 4:123-34. [PMID: 17177791 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Starch granule size is an important parameter for starch applications in industry. Starch granules are formed in amyloplasts, which are, like chloroplasts, derived from proplastids. Division processes and associated machinery are likely to be similar for all plastids. Essential roles for FtsZ proteins in plastid division in land plants have been revealed. FtsZ forms the so-called Z ring which, together with inner and outer plastid division rings, brings about constriction of the plastid. It has been shown that modulation of the expression level of FtsZ may result in altered chloroplast size and number. To test whether FtsZ is also involved in amyloplast division and whether this, in turn, may affect the starch granule size in crop plants, FtsZ protein levels were either reduced or increased in potato. As shown previously in other plant species, decreased StFtsZ1 protein levels in leaves resulted in a decrease in the number of chloroplasts in guard cells. More interestingly, plants with increased StFtsZ1 protein levels in tubers resulted in less, but larger, starch granules. This suggests that the stoichiometry between StFtsZ1 and other components of the plastid division machinery is important for its function. Starch from these tubers also had altered pasting properties and phosphate content. The importance of our results for the starch industry is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia de Pater
- TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Zernikedreef 9, 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Blennow A, Wischmann B, Houborg K, Ahmt T, Jørgensen K, Engelsen SB, Bandsholm O, Poulsen P. Structure function relationships of transgenic starches with engineered phosphate substitution and starch branching. Int J Biol Macromol 2005; 36:159-68. [PMID: 16024070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2005.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Revised: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 05/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Potato tuber starch was genetically engineered in the plant by the simultaneous antisense suppression of the starch branching enzyme (SBE) I and II isoforms. Starch prepared from 12 independent lines and three control lines were characterised with respect to structural and physical properties. The lengths of the amylopectin unit chains, the concentrations of amylose and monoesterified phosphate were significantly increased in the transgenically engineered starches. Size exclusion chromatography with refractive index detection (SEC-RI) indicated a minor decrease in apparent molecular size of the amylose and the less branched amylopectin fractions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed significantly higher peak temperatures for gelatinisation and retrogradation of the genetically engineered starches whereas the enthalpies of gelatinisation were lower. Aqueous gels prepared from the transgenic starches showed increased gel elasticity and viscosity. Principle component analysis (PCA) of the data set discriminated the control lines from the transgenic lines and revealed a high correlation between phosphate concentration and amylopectin unit chain length. The PCA also indicated that the rheological characteristics were primarily influenced by the amylose concentration. The phosphate and the amylopectin unit chain lengths had influenced primarily the pasting and rheological properties of the starch gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Blennow
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department Plant Biology, Center for Plant Molecular Physiology (PlaCe), Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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