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Brandão E, Jesus M, Guerreiro C, Maricato É, Coimbra MA, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Soares S. Development of a cell-based quaternary system to unveil the effect of pectic polysaccharides on oral astringency. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121378. [PMID: 37940274 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are responsible for food unpleasant taste properties, including astringency, due to their ability to interact with salivary proteins and oral constituents. Astringency is a crucial attribute for consumer's acceptability. To fulfill the demand for both healthy and tasty food, polysaccharides raise as a good alternative to modulate astringency. In this work, a cell-based quaternary system was developed to evaluate the ability of polysaccharides to reduce the interaction between two classes of hydrolysable tannins - gallotannins (tannic acid) and ellagitannins (punicalagin) - and oral constituents (cells, salivary proteins and mucosal pellicle). So, pectic polysaccharide fractions isolated from grape skins, imidazole soluble polysaccharides (ISP) and carbonate soluble polysaccharides (CSP), as well as a commercial pectin, were tested. Results showed that the polysaccharide's effect depends on the structural features of the molecules involved. CSP fraction and pectin were the most effective, reducing the interactions between both tannins and the oral constituents, mainly in the complete oral model. The highest uronic acid content and the presence of methyl esterified groups could explain their high reduction ability. For tannic acid, the reduction effect increased along with the galloylation degree, while the interaction of β-punicalagin with the oral constituents was practically inhibited at 3.0 mg.mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Brandão
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 689, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mónica Jesus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 689, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Guerreiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 689, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Élia Maricato
- QOPNA and LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- QOPNA and LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 689, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Victor de Freitas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 689, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Susana Soares
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 689, Porto, Portugal.
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Wang S, Smyth HE, Olarte Mantilla SM, Stokes JR, Smith PA. Astringency and its sub-qualities: a review of astringency mechanisms and methods for measuring saliva lubrication. Chem Senses 2024; 49:bjae016. [PMID: 38591722 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Astringency is an important mouthfeel attribute that influences the sensory experiences of many food and beverage products. While salivary lubricity loss and increased oral friction were previously believed to be the only astringency mechanisms, recent research has demonstrated that nontactile oral receptors can trigger astringency by responding to astringents without mechanical stimulation. Various human factors have also been identified that affect individual responses to astringents. This article presents a critical review of the key research milestones contributing to the current understanding of astringency mechanisms and the instrumental approaches used to quantify perceived astringency intensity. Although various chemical assays or physical measures mimic in-mouth processes involved in astringent mouthfeel, this review highlights how one chemical or physical approach can only provide a single measure of astringency determined by a specific mechanism. Subsequently, using a single measurement to predict astringency perception is overly idealistic. Astringency has not been quantified beyond the loss of saliva lubrication; therefore, nontactile receptor-based responses must also be explored. An important question remains about whether astringency is a single perception or involves distinct sub-qualities such as pucker, drying, and roughness. Although these sub-quality lexicons have been frequently cited, most studies currently view astringency as a single perception rather than dividing it into sub-qualities and investigating the potentially independent mechanisms of each. Addressing these knowledge gaps should be an important priority for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Wang
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Heather E Smyth
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Sandra M Olarte Mantilla
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Jason R Stokes
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul A Smith
- Wine Australia, P.O. Box 2733, Kent Town, SA 5071, Australia
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Liu Y, Wang K, Ma J, Wang Z, Zhu Q, Jin Y. Effect of yolk spheres as a key histological structure on the morphology, character, and oral sensation of boiled egg yolk gel. Food Chem 2023; 424:136380. [PMID: 37201471 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of yolk sphere on gel state and taste differences between whole boiled egg yolk (WBEY) and stirred boiled egg yolks (SBEYs). Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) indicated that the WBEY was formed via the accumulation of yolk spheres, whereas the SBEY was a gel with a tight and ordered microstructure. The stirring disrupted the yolk sphere structure, leading to a homogeneous distribution of proteins and lipids in SBEYs, and a cross-linked network in gel was established with higher hardness and springiness. In the oral sensation simulation, WBEY had a higher saliva adsorption capacity and frictional force to oral soft tissue during swallowing than SBEY. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the gel structure and taste of egg yolk, and provides a theoretical basis for the research on the formation of the gritty taste of egg yolks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing, College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Keshan Wang
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing, College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Ma
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Zhengcong Wang
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Qiujin Zhu
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing, College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Yongguo Jin
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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Abstract
Food oral processing (FOP) is a fast-emerging research area in the food science discipline. Since its first introduction about a decade ago, a large amount of literature has been published in this area, forming new frontiers and leading to new research opportunities. This review aims to summarize FOP research progress from current perspectives. Food texture, food flavor (aroma and taste), bolus swallowing, and eating behavior are covered in this review. The discussion of each topic is organized into three parts: a short background introduction, reflections on current research findings and achievements, and future directions and implications on food design. Physical, physiological, and psychological principles are the main concerns of discussion for each topic. The last part of the review shares views on the research challenges and outlooks of future FOP research. It is hoped that the review not only helps readers comprehend what has been achieved in the past decade but also, more importantly, identify where the knowledge gaps are and in which direction the FOP research will go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Jianshe Chen
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;
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5
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The interactions of wine polysaccharides with aroma compounds, tannins, and proteins, and their importance to winemaking. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang X, Chen J, Wang X. In situ oral lubrication and smoothness sensory perception influenced by tongue surface roughness. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:132-138. [PMID: 34057739 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human tongue is important in the oral processing of food and in sensory perception. Tongue topography could influence delicate differences in sensory perception. It is hypothesized that tongue surface roughness could alter oral lubrication status and affect perception of smoothness. Fifteen participants with varying levels of tongue surface roughness were recruited and tested. Participants' in situ oral lubrication status without and after consumption of fluid food (milk with varying fat content and maltodextrin solutions with different shear viscosities) was measured. Participants' smoothness sensory scores were also recorded. RESULTS The in situ friction coefficient (0.299-1.505) was significantly positively correlated with tongue-surface roughness (54.6-140.0 μm) in all types of test fluid samples across participants. Oral lubrication was significantly decreased when participants consumed the test fluid samples compared with no liquid food consumption, for all test fluid sample types (P < 0.05). No significant differences in in situ friction coefficient were found after participants consumed different test fluid samples, and this was mainly attributed to the limited quantities of fluid residuals in the oral cavity after expectoration. Participants whose tongue surface roughness differed did not exhibit significant differences in smoothness perception with different test fluid samples. CONCLUSION Tongue surface roughness has a strong impact on in situ oral lubrication, and fluid food intake reduces in situ oral lubrication significantly. Saliva film and tongue surface roughness might play greater roles in oral lubrication and smoothness sensory perception if fluid is expectorated after consumption. The association between oral physiology and texture perception still needs further elucidation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqun Wang
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Food Oral Processing and Sensory Science, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianshe Chen
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Food Oral Processing and Sensory Science, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Food Oral Processing and Sensory Science, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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Xu W, Xu Q, Zhong M. Lubrication study of representative fluid foods between mimicked oral surfaces. J Texture Stud 2021; 53:96-107. [PMID: 34750817 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The lubricities of glycerol solutions with different viscosities were investigated at various frictional pairs, speeds, and loads to explore the lubrication regulations of diverse foods in mouths of different people. The friction pairs were characterized in terms of mechanical properties, surface morphology, and hydrophobicity. The results showed that the partial or complete Stribeck curves occurred with different speeds and viscosities. Various friction pairs had great influences on the boundary lubrication zone, but little influences on the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) zone. Increasing loads caused the friction coefficient decreasing in boundary lubrication zone; however, the friction coefficient changed a little in the mixed lubrication and EHL zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhu Xu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tribology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qixiang Xu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tribology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Zhong
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tribology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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9
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Sarkar A, Soltanahmadi S, Chen J, Stokes JR. Oral tribology: Providing insight into oral processing of food colloids. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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A new biomimetic set-up to understand the role of the kinematic, mechanical, and surface characteristics of the tongue in food oral tribological studies. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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11
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Hadde EK, Chen J. Texture and texture assessment of thickened fluids and texture-modified food for dysphagia management. J Texture Stud 2020; 52:4-15. [PMID: 33155674 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thickened fluids and texture-modified foods are commonly used in the medical management of individuals who suffer from swallowing difficulty (known as dysphagia). However, how to reliably assess texture properties of such food systems is still a big challenge both to industry and to academic researchers. This article aims to identify key physical parameters that are important for objective assessment of such properties by reviewing the significance of rheological or textural properties of thickened fluids and texture-modified foods for swallowing. Literature reviews have identified that dominating textural properties in relation to swallowing could be very different for thickened fluids and for texture-modified foods. Important parameters of thickened fluids are generally related with the flow of the bolus in the pharyngeal stage, while important parameters of texture-modified foods are generally related with the bolus preparation in the oral stage as well as the bolus flow in the pharyngeal stage. This review helps to identify key textural parameters of thickened fluids and texture-modified foods in relation to eating and swallowing and to develop objective measuring techniques for quality control of thickened fluids and texture-modified foods for dysphagia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico K Hadde
- Lab of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianshe Chen
- Lab of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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Qian S, Cheng S, Liu Z, Xu F, Yu J. A rapid method to evaluate the chocolate smoothness based on the tribological measurement. J Texture Stud 2020; 51:882-890. [PMID: 32969047 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa is the primary ingredient in chocolate, and cocoa concentration attributes to the smoothness of the chocolate. Supporting this statement, we assessed the smoothness and melting properties of five chocolates of different cocoa concentration from three brands using the professional sensor evaluation and weight method, respectively. Artificial saliva was added to obtain the mixed chocolate solutions, and their viscosity and coefficient of friction (CoF) were measured for three rubbing pairs. The correlation of chocolate smoothness with their viscosities and average CoF (aCoF) was also discussed. The results indicated that the cocoa concentration significantly affected the smoothness of the chocolates among the three brands. The mixed solution of 50% chocolate could be a representative of oral processing, but their viscosities were not proficient enough to effectively characterize their smoothness. The aCoF of 50% chocolate solution could be rapid and effective to evaluate their smoothness. In addition, the Two-GCTPE rubbing pair was more suitable way to evaluate the smoothness of similar foods in the oral environment. The study results will provide a better insight into characterizing certain attribution of similar foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhua Qian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- School of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinghu Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Soares S, Brandão E, Guerreiro C, Soares S, Mateus N, de Freitas V. Tannins in Food: Insights into the Molecular Perception of Astringency and Bitter Taste. Molecules 2020; 25:E2590. [PMID: 32498458 PMCID: PMC7321337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astringency and bitterness are organoleptic properties widely linked to tannin compounds. Due to their significance to food chemistry, the food industry, and to human nutrition and health, these tannins' taste properties have been a line of worldwide research. In recent years, significant advances have been made in understanding the molecular perception of astringency pointing to the contribution of different oral key players. Regarding bitterness, several polyphenols have been identified has new agonists of these receptors. This review summarizes the last data about the knowledge of these taste properties perceived by tannins. Ultimately, tannins' astringency and bitterness are hand-in-hand taste properties, and future studies should be adapted to understand how the proper perception of one taste could affect the perception of the other one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Soares
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 689, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (E.B.); (C.G.); (S.S.); (N.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 689, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (E.B.); (C.G.); (S.S.); (N.M.)
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Wang X, Wang X, Upadhyay R, Chen J. Topographic study of human tongue in relation to oral tribology. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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