1
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Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Oxidative Stress in a Sample of Patients Recruited in a Dietary Center in a Southern University Hospital: A Retrospective Study. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58111670. [DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of alcohol consumption on oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing the increase in lipid peroxidation, the reduction of antioxidant defenses and the alteration of the oxidation/antioxidant balance after the administration of ethanol in 25% aqueous solution (v/v) at a concentration of 0.76 g/kg of body weight daily in two doses for 3 days. The changes in oxidative stress indices were investigated by standard methods previously described. Results: Ethanol administration has determined a significant increase in plasma levels of lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), malonilaldehyde (MDA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSH), and a decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH/GSSH ratio. Conclusions: In the proposed experimental condition, the excessive and repeated consumption of ethanol causes oxidative damage, as shown by the increase in lipid peroxidation, the reduction of antioxidant defenses and the alteration of the oxidation/antioxidant balance, which, at least in part, are responsible for the harmful effects of excess ethanol.
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2
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Pereira PR, Carrageta DF, Oliveira PF, Rodrigues A, Alves MG, Monteiro MP. Metabolomics as a tool for the early diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic kidney disease. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1518-1544. [PMID: 35274315 DOI: 10.1002/med.21883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most prevalent comorbidities of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DKD results from chronic exposure to hyperglycemia, leading to progressive alterations in kidney structure and function. The early development of DKD is clinically silent and when albuminuria is detected the lesions are often at advanced stages, leading to rapid kidney function decline towards ESRD. DKD progression can be arrested or substantially delayed if detected and addressed at early stages. A major limitation of current methods is the absence of albuminuria in non-albuminuric phenotypes of diabetic nephropathy, which becomes increasingly prevalent and lacks focused therapy. Metabolomics is an ever-evolving omics technology that enables the study of metabolites, downstream products of every biochemical event that occurs in an organism. Metabolomics disclosures complex metabolic networks and provide knowledge of the very foundation of several physiological or pathophysiological processes, ultimately leading to the identification of diseases' unique metabolic signatures. In this sense, metabolomics is a promising tool not only for the diagnosis but also for the identification of pre-disease states which would confer a rapid and personalized clinical practice. Herein, the use of metabolomics as a tool to identify the DKD metabolic signature of tubule interstitial lesions to diagnose or predict the time-course of DKD will be discussed. In addition, the proficiency and limitations of the currently available high-throughput metabolomic techniques will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R Pereira
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (CHTMAD, EPE), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - David F Carrageta
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, QOPNA & LAQV, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Rodrigues
- Department of Nephrology and Department of Clinical Pathology, Santo António General Hospital (Hospital Center of Porto, EPE), Porto, Portugal.,Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal.,Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Department of Biology, Unit of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
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3
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NMR in Metabolomics: From Conventional Statistics to Machine Learning and Neural Network Approaches. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NMR measurements combined with chemometrics allow achieving a great amount of information for the identification of potential biomarkers responsible for a precise metabolic pathway. These kinds of data are useful in different fields, ranging from food to biomedical fields, including health science. The investigation of the whole set of metabolites in a sample, representing its fingerprint in the considered condition, is known as metabolomics and may take advantage of different statistical tools. The new frontier is to adopt self-learning techniques to enhance clustering or classification actions that can improve the predictive power over large amounts of data. Although machine learning is already employed in metabolomics, deep learning and artificial neural networks approaches were only recently successfully applied. In this work, we give an overview of the statistical approaches underlying the wide range of opportunities that machine learning and neural networks allow to perform with accurate metabolites assignment and quantification.Various actual challenges are discussed, such as proper metabolomics, deep learning architectures and model accuracy.
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4
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Sun Q, Zhang M, Bhandari B, Raghavan V. Establishment of novel standardised operating procedures for LF‐NMR: used in rapid detection of typical fruit and vegetable. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Bhesh Bhandari
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Bioresource Engineering Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences McGill University Sainte‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue QC H9X 3V9 Canada
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5
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The Application of NMR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics in Authentication of Spices. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020382. [PMID: 33450910 PMCID: PMC7828335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spices and herbs are among the most commonly adulterated food types. This is because spices are widely used to process food. Spices not only enhance the flavor and taste of food, but they are also sources of numerous bioactive compounds that are significantly beneficial for health. The healing effects of spices are connected with their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and carminative properties. However, regular consumption of adulterated spices may cause fatal damage to our system because adulterants in most cases are unhealthy. For that reason, the appropriate analytical methods are necessary for quality assurance and to ensure the authenticity of spices. Spectroscopic methods are gaining interest as they are fast, require little or no sample preparation, and provide rich structural information. This review provides an overview of the application of NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis to determine the quality and adulteration of spices.
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6
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López-Aguilar R, Zuleta-Prada H, Hernández-Montes A, Herbert-Pucheta JE. Comparative NMR Metabolomics Profiling between Mexican Ancestral & Artisanal Mezcals and Industrialized Wines to Discriminate Geographical Origins, Agave Species or Grape Varieties and Manufacturing Processes as a Function of Their Quality Attributes. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010157. [PMID: 33451115 PMCID: PMC7828614 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oenological industry has benefited from the use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy in combination with Multivariate Statistical Analysis (MSA) as a foodomics tool for retrieving discriminant features related to geographical origins, grape varieties, and further quality controls. Said omics methods have gained such attention that Intergovernmental Organizations and Control Agencies are currently recommending their massive use amongst countries as quality compliances for tracking standard and degradation parameters, fermentation products, polyphenols, amino acids, geographical origins, appellations d’origine contrôlée and type of monovarietal strains in wines. This study presents, for the first time, a 1H-NMR/MSA profiling of industrial Mexican wines, finding excellent statistical features to discriminate between oenological regions and grape varieties with supervised Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA). In a comparative way, it is applied with the 1H-NMR/OPLS-DA workflow for the first time in ancestral and artisanal Mexican mezcals with promising results to discriminate between regions, agave species and manufacturing processes. The central aim of this comparative study is to extrapolate the know-how of wine-omics into the non-professionalized mezcal industry for establishing the NMR acquisition, preprocessing and statistical analysis basis to implement novel, non-invasive and highly reproducible regional, agave species and manufacturing-quality controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa López-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, km. 38.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, 56230 Chapingo, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Holber Zuleta-Prada
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Área de Química, Departamento de Preparatoria Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, km. 38.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, 56230 Chapingo, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Arturo Hernández-Montes
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, km. 38.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, 56230 Chapingo, Estado de México, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (A.H.-M.); (J.E.H.-P.); Tel.: +52-5959521787 (A.H.-M.); +52-5521050381 (J.E.H.-P.)
| | - José Enrique Herbert-Pucheta
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario Forestal, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, 56230 Chapingo, Estado de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Colonia Santo Tomás, 11340 Ciudad de México, Estado de México, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.H.-M.); (J.E.H.-P.); Tel.: +52-5959521787 (A.H.-M.); +52-5521050381 (J.E.H.-P.)
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7
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Going deep inside bioactive-loaded nanocarriers through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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8
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Sun Q, Zhang M, Yang P. Combination of LF-NMR and BP-ANN to monitor water states of typical fruits and vegetables during microwave vacuum drying. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Di Stefano V, Melilli MG. Effect of storage on quality parameters and phenolic content of Italian extra-virgin olive oils. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:78-86. [PMID: 30896291 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1587434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The quality of extra virgin olive oils is affected mainly by hydrolytic and oxidative reactions. The present paper investigated the changes of major and minor components and oxidation indices of three monovarietal extra virgin olive oils after 18 months of storage at room temperature and in dark glass bottles conditions. After storage, the basic quality parameters such as free acidity, peroxide values, extinction coefficients, fatty acids composition, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, did not exceed the upper limits set by European Community Regulations for extra-virgin olive oils. Given the importance of the phenolic fraction, UHPLC-HESI-MS metodology was used. A decrease in 3,4-DHPEA-EDA (oleacin) and p-HPEA-EDA (oleochantal) was detected whereas, an increase of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol was measured as a consequence of degradation of ligstroside and oleuropein derivatives. Based on the results it is possible to observe the high nutritional value of the studied oils even after 18 months of conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Melilli
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, National Council of Research, Catania, Italy
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10
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Lucarini M, Sciubba F, Capitani D, Di Cocco ME, D'Evoli L, Durazzo A, Delfini M, Lombardi Boccia G. Role of catechin on collagen type I stability upon oxidation: a NMR approach. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:53-62. [PMID: 30821504 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1570509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The study focuses on the understanding, at molecular level, the mechanism of interaction between protein and flavonoids. Collagen and catechin interactions were investigated by NMR in solution and solid state. The effect of catechin on the stability of collagen to oxidation was also explored. Collagen was treated with two concentrations of catechin solutions. Oxidation was carried out by incubation of collagen solution with three oxidation systems: Fe(II)/H2O2, Cu(II)/H2O2, and NaOCl/H2O2. The effects of oxidation systems were evaluated by high resolution 1 D and 2 D proton spectroscopy and solid state NMR (13C CP MAS) experiments. Interactions between collagen and catechin preferentially occur between catechin B ring and the amino acids Pro and Hyp of collagen. Results showed that both iron and copper oxidation systems were able to interact with collagen by site specific attack. Moreover, catechin protects collagen proline from oxidation by metal/H2O2 systems, preventing copper and iron approach to collagene molecule;this behaviour was more evident for the copper/H2O2 system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Department of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Capitani
- Magnetic Resonance Laboratory "Annalaura Segre", Institute of Chemical Methodologies, National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo (RM), Italy
| | | | - Laura D'Evoli
- CREA - Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Delfini
- Department of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Salvo A, Rotondo A, Mangano V, Grimaldi M, Stillitano I, D'Ursi AM, Dugo G, Rastrelli L. High-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS-NMR) as quick and direct insight of almonds. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:71-77. [PMID: 30789029 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1576043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Almonds are the tasty seeds of Prunus dulcis plants globally appreciated for the pleasant palatability and remarkable nutritional value, therefore it is very spread as snack and as basic ingredient of the confectionery products. The HR-MAS-NMR is a simple spectroscopy able to directly and quickly explore the chemical composition of powdered seed samples dispersed in D2O. 1H spectra witness the remarkable presence of triglyceride fatty esters together with sucrose; other minor water soluble metabolites are also detectable. This very rough approach is effectively providing chemical profiles featuring almond samples. In this analysis we were able to statistically distinguish the "Avola" almonds from other marketed products submitted to the same analysis. This is just a first investigation based on the main compounds but it might pave the way toward the quantitative evaluation of many other compounds in the almond therefore implementing the HR-MAS-NMR knowledge of these precious seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salvo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Science4Life, Spin Off Company, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Manuela Grimaldi
- Department of Pharmacy DIFARMA, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Stillitano
- Department of Pharmacy DIFARMA, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Maria D'Ursi
- Department of Pharmacy DIFARMA, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Science4Life, Spin Off Company, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Department of Pharmacy DIFARMA, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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12
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Melilli MG, Pagliaro A, Bognanni R, Scandurra S, Di Stefano V. Antioxidant activity and fatty acids quantification in Sicilian purslane germplasm. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:26-33. [PMID: 30663361 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1560291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea is an annual succulent herb in the family Portulacaceae. It is a nutritious vegetable with high antioxidant properties and, it is among the richest plant source of ω-3 fatty acids, as well as a rich source of ω-6 fatty acids, ascorbic acid, tocopherols and beta-carotene. In the present study, three purslane populations under different Mediterranean environmental conditions for two years, for future valorization as novel food sources of omega-3 fatty acids, were evaluated. In particular, biomorphological characteristics, total phenols and fatty acids content were determined. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. The population "Cas" appears to have higher antioxidant activity than the other two populations ("Cal" and "S. Ven").The saturated fatty acid content is influenced only by the year of collection, while the polyunsaturated fatty acid by the populations. The most abundant unsatured fatty acids are linoleic and linolenic acids and "Cas" attained the highest contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Melilli
- National Council of Research, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean - Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Pagliaro
- National Council of Research, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean - Catania, Italy.,University of Foggia-Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Environment, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosaria Bognanni
- National Council of Research, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean - Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scandurra
- National Council of Research, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean - Catania, Italy
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- University of Palermo-Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), Palermo, Italy
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13
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Mallamace D, Fazio E, Mallamace F, Corsaro C. The Role of Hydrogen Bonding in the Folding/Unfolding Process of Hydrated Lysozyme: A Review of Recent NMR and FTIR Results. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123825. [PMID: 30513664 PMCID: PMC6321052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of proteins depends on their three-dimensional structure, known as the native state. The main force driving the correct folding mechanism is the hydrophobic effect and when this folding kinetics is altered, aggregation phenomena intervene causing the occurrence of illnesses such as Alzheimer and Parkinson’s diseases. The other important effect is performed by water molecules and by their ability to form a complex network of hydrogen bonds whose dynamics influence the mobility of protein amino acids. In this work, we review the recent results obtained by means of spectroscopic techniques, such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, on hydrated lysozyme. In particular, we explore the Energy Landscape from the thermal region of configurational stability up to that of the irreversible denaturation. The importance of the coupling between the solute and the solvent will be highlighted as well as the different behaviors of hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties of protein amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Mallamace
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra (MIFT), Università di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Enza Fazio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra (MIFT), Università di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Mallamace
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi (ISC)-CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carmelo Corsaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra (MIFT), Università di Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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14
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Lucas-Torres C, Huber G, Ichikawa A, Nishiyama Y, Wong A. HR-μMAS NMR-Based Metabolomics: Localized Metabolic Profiling of a Garlic Clove with μg Tissues. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13736-13743. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaspard Huber
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- JEOL RESONANCE Inc., Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alan Wong
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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15
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Cicero N, Albergamo A, Salvo A, Bua GD, Bartolomeo G, Mangano V, Rotondo A, Di Stefano V, Di Bella G, Dugo G. Chemical characterization of a variety of cold-pressed gourmet oils available on the Brazilian market. Food Res Int 2018; 109:517-525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Metro D, Papa M, Manasseri L, Gervasi T, Campone L, Pellizzeri V, Tardugno R, Dugo G. Mediterranean diet in a Sicilian student population. Second part: breakfast and its nutritional profile. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:2255-2261. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1452016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Metro
- SASTAS section, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Mattia Papa
- SASTAS section, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Manasseri
- SASTAS section, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- SASTAS section, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno , Italy
| | - Vito Pellizzeri
- SASTAS section, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Tardugno
- SASTAS section, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- SASTAS section, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina , Messina, Italy
- Science4Life s.r.l., A Spin-off of the University of Messina , Messina, Italy
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17
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Fan K, Zhang M. Recent developments in the food quality detected by non-invasive nuclear magnetic resonance technology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2202-2213. [PMID: 29451810 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1441124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a rapid, accurate and non-invasive technology and widely used to detect the quality of food, particularly to fruits and vegetables, meat and aquatic products. This review is a survey of recent developments in experimental results for the quality of food on various NMR technologies in processing and storage over the past decade. Following a discussion of the quality discrimination and classification of food, analysis of food compositions and detection of physical, chemical, structural and microbiological properties of food are outlined. Owing to high cost, low detection limit and sensitivity, the professional knowledge involved and the safety issues related to the maintenance of the magnetic field, so far the practical applications are limited to detect small range of food. In order to promote applications for a broader range of foods further research and development efforts are needed to overcome the limitations of NMR in the detection process. The needs and opportunities for future research and developments are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China.,b International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
| | - Min Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China.,c Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu , China
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Celano R, Campone L, Pagano I, Carabetta S, Di Sanzo R, Rastrelli L, Piccinelli AL, Russo M. Characterisation of nutraceutical compounds from different parts of particular species of Citrus sinensis 'Ovale Calabrese' by UHPLC-UV-ESI-HRMS. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:244-251. [PMID: 29473425 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1443102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Consumers are aware of diet causing health problems and therefore there is an increased demand for natural ingredients that are expected to be safe and health-promoting. Many of these compounds belong to the class of flavonoids and can be divided into these five groups: flavanones, flavones, flavonols, flavanols, isoflavones and anthocyanidins. Extracts from citrus fruits are usually used as functional ingredients for several products. The aim of this paper was to develop an UHPLC-UV-ESI-HRMS method to define the metabolite profile of different parts of citrus fruit, of a particular cultivar called 'Ovale Calabrese', and in its main by-products. The high resolution mass spectrometry analysis allowed the identification of 27 compounds belonging to the classes of flavonoids and terpenoids. The high contents of phytochemical compounds, reveal the potential use of the 'Ovale Calabrese' as a rich source of nutraceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Celano
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Fisciano , Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Fisciano , Italy.,b Department of Agriculture, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab) , University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria , Reggio Calabria , Italy
| | - Imma Pagano
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Fisciano , Italy
| | - Sonia Carabetta
- b Department of Agriculture, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab) , University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria , Reggio Calabria , Italy
| | - Rosa Di Sanzo
- b Department of Agriculture, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab) , University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria , Reggio Calabria , Italy
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Fisciano , Italy
| | | | - Mariateresa Russo
- b Department of Agriculture, Food Chemistry, Safety and Sensoromic Laboratory (FoCuSS Lab) , University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria , Reggio Calabria , Italy
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An Overview of Chemical Profiles, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Commercial Vegetable Edible Oils Marketed in Japan. Foods 2018; 7:foods7020021. [PMID: 29439420 PMCID: PMC5848125 DOI: 10.3390/foods7020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed chemical components and investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of fourteen vegetable edible oils marketed in Japan. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify and quantify principal phenolic acids and flavonoids. In the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, sunflower, safflower, canola, soybean, Inca inchi, sesame, and rice bran showed markedly greater activity, whilst the percentage of lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPI%) in sunflower, canola, cotton, grape, flax, perilla, Inca inchi, perillartine, and rice bran were significantly higher than other oils. Maximum total phenol content (TPC) was recorded in flax, followed by perillartine, rice bran, and perilla, whereas total flavonoid content (TFC) was the greatest in Inca inchi and sesame. Benzoic acid was the most common constituent, followed by vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid. On the other hand, luteolin was the most abundant flavonoid, followed by esculetin, myricetin, isoquercetin, and kaempferol, while fisetin was detected only in sunflower. In general, all of the edible oils showed antimicrobial activity, but the growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of cotton, grape, chia, sesame, and rice bran were greater than other oils.
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Salvo A, La Torre GL, Mangano V, Casale KE, Bartolomeo G, Santini A, Granata T, Dugo G. Toxic inorganic pollutants in foods from agricultural producing areas of Southern Italy: Level and risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:114-124. [PMID: 29035753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the inorganic environmental contaminants in specific food products which form part of the food chain of the population residing in the area of Southern Italy (Gela) where there is a high mortality rate linked to tumor diseases and congenital malformations. Determination of toxic metals was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The toxicological data for every toxic element has been applied to evaluate the risk for the consumer by calculating the amount of potentially toxic element that would ingest an average of 60kg weight individual adult. The analysis of the investigated samples shows a high level of metal contamination which can be linked both to the polluted water and air. The obtained results give us an idea about the agricultural products contamination and possible exposure of local people through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salvo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Loredana La Torre
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Valentina Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Katia Erminia Casale
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bartolomeo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli ''Federico II'', Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Tiziano Granata
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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21
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Mottese AF, Naccari C, Vadalà R, Bua GD, Bartolomeo G, Rando R, Cicero N, Dugo G. Traceability of Opuntia ficus-indica L. Miller by ICP-MS multi-element profile and chemometric approach. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:198-204. [PMID: 28573793 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opuntia ficus-indica L. Miller fruits, particularly 'Ficodindia dell'Etna' of Biancavilla (POD), 'Fico d'india tradizionale di Roccapalumba' with protected brand and samples from an experimental field in Pezzolo (Sicily) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in order to determine the multi-element profile. A multivariate chemometric approach, specifically principal component analysis (PCA), was applied to individuate how mineral elements may represent a marker of geographic origin, which would be useful for traceability. RESULTS PCA has allowed us to verify that the geographical origin of prickly pear fruits is significantly influenced by trace element content, and the results found in Biancavilla PDO samples were linked to the geological composition of this volcanic areas. It was observed that two principal components accounted for 72.03% of the total variance in the data and, in more detail, PC1 explains 45.51% and PC2 26.52%, respectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that PCA is an integrated tool for the traceability of food products and, at the same time, a useful method of authentication of typical local fruits such as prickly pear. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Naccari
- Department of BIOMORF, Food Chemistry Section, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rossella Vadalà
- Department of BIOMORF, Food Chemistry Section, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Daniel Bua
- Department of BIOMORF, Food Chemistry Section, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bartolomeo
- Department of BIOMORF, Food Chemistry Section, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rossana Rando
- Department of BIOMORF, Food Chemistry Section, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of BIOMORF, Food Chemistry Section, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Science4Life srl, Academic Spin-off, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of BIOMORF, Food Chemistry Section, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Science4Life srl, Academic Spin-off, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Braconi D, Bernardini G, Millucci L, Santucci A. Foodomics for human health: current status and perspectives. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 15:153-164. [PMID: 29271263 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1421072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the post-genomic era, the opportunity to combine and integrate cutting-edge analytical platforms and data processing systems allowed the birth of foodomics, 'a discipline that studies the Food and Nutrition domains through the application of advanced omics technologies to improve consumer's well-being, health, and confidence'. Since then, this discipline has rapidly evolved and researchers are now facing the daunting tasks to meet consumers' needs in terms of food traceability, sustainability, quality, safety and integrity. Most importantly, today it is imperative to provide solid evidence of the mechanisms through which food can promote human health and well-being. Areas covered: In this review, the complex relationships connecting food, nutrition and human health will be discussed, with emphasis on the relapses for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals, personalized nutrition approaches, and the study of the interplay among gut microbiota, diet and health/diseases. Expert commentary: Evidence has been provided supporting the role of various omic platforms in studying the health-promoting effects of food and customized dietary interventions. However, although associated to major analytical challenges, only the proper integration of multi-omics studies and the implementation of bioinformatics tools and databases will help translate findings from clinical practice into effective personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Braconi
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Giulia Bernardini
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Lia Millucci
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Siena , Siena , Italy
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Metro D, Tardugno R, Papa M, Bisignano C, Manasseri L, Calabrese G, Gervasi T, Dugo G, Cicero N. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a Sicilian student population. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1775-1781. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1402317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Metro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Tardugno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mattia Papa
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Bisignano
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Manasseri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgio Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Universita’ degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Science4Life s.r.l., A Spin-off of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Science4Life s.r.l., A Spin-off of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Rotondo A, Salvo A, Gallo V, Rastrelli L, Dugo G. Quick unreferenced NMR quantification of Squalene in vegetable oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archimede Rotondo
- Dipartimento di BIOMORF- Università di Messina; Viale Annunziata Ex Veterinaria; Messina Italy
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Dipartimento di BIOMORF- Università di Messina; Viale Annunziata Ex Veterinaria; Messina Italy
| | - Vito Gallo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio; Edile e di Chimica−Politecnico di Bari; Bari Italy
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia DIFARMA; Università di Salerno; Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Dipartimento di BIOMORF- Università di Messina; Viale Annunziata Ex Veterinaria; Messina Italy
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Duong NT, Yamato M, Nakano M, Kume S, Tamura Y, Kataoka Y, Wong A, Nishiyama Y. Capillary-Inserted Rotor Design for HRµMASNMR-Based Metabolomics on Mass-Limited Neurospheres. Molecules 2017; 22:E1289. [PMID: 28771206 PMCID: PMC6152061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique and has been widely used in metabolomics. However, the intrinsic low sensitivity of NMR prevents its applications to systems with limited sample availabilities. In this study, a new experimental approach is presented to analyze mass-scarce samples in limited volumes of less than 300 nL with simple handling. The sample is loaded into the glass capillary, and this capillary is then inserted into a Kel-F rotor. The experimental performance of the capillary-inserted rotor (capillary-insert) is investigated on an isotropic solution of sucrose by the use of a high-resolution micro-sized magic angle spinning (HRµMAS) probe. The acquired NMR signal's sensitivity to a given sample amount is comparable or even higher in comparison to that recorded by the standard solution NMR probe. More importantly, this capillary-insert coupled with the HRµMAS probe allows in-depth studies of heterogeneous samples as the MAS removes the line broadening caused by the heterogeneity. The NMR analyses of mass-limited cultured neurospheres have been demonstrated, resulting in high quality spectra where numerous metabolites are unambiguously identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghia Tuan Duong
- Advanced Solid-State NMR Unit, RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Masanori Yamato
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
- Cellular Function Imaging Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Nakano
- Cellular Function Imaging Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Kume
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
- Cellular Function Imaging Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Yasuhisa Tamura
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
- Cellular Function Imaging Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Yosky Kataoka
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
- Cellular Function Imaging Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
- Department of Physiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Alan Wong
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- Advanced Solid-State NMR Unit, RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
- Engineering Division, JEOL RESONANCE Inc., Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan.
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