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Xue H, Liang B, Wang Y, Gao H, Fang S, Xie K, Tan J. The regulatory effect of polysaccharides on the gut microbiota and their effect on human health: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132170. [PMID: 38734333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides with low toxicity and high biological activities are a kind of biological macromolecule. Recently, growing studies have confirmed that polysaccharides could improve obesity, diabetes, tumors, inflammatory bowel disease, hyperlipidemia, diarrhea, and liver-related diseases by changing the intestinal micro-environment. Moreover, polysaccharides could promote human health by regulating gut microbiota, enhancing production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), improving intestinal mucosal barrier, regulating lipid metabolism, and activating specific signaling pathways. Notably, the biological activities of polysaccharides are closely related to their molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond types, and regulation of gut microbiota. The intestinal microbiota can secrete glycoside hydrolases, lyases, and esterases to break down polysaccharides chains and generate monosaccharides, thereby promoting their absorption and utilization. The degradation of polysaccharides can produce SCFAs, further regulating the proportion of gut microbiota and achieving the effect of preventing and treating various diseases. This review aims to summarize the latest studies: 1) effect of polysaccharides structures on intestinal flora; 2) regulatory effect of polysaccharides on gut microbiota; 3) effects of polysaccharides on gut microbe-mediated diseases; 4) regulation of gut microbiota on polysaccharides metabolism. The findings are expected to provide important information for the development of polysaccharides and the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Beimeng Liang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Saisai Fang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kaifang Xie
- College of Textile and Fashion, Hunan Institute of Engineering, NO. 88 East Fuxing Road, Yuetang District, Xiangtan 411100, China
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- Medical Comprehensive Experimental Center, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China.
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2
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Huang X, Nie S, Fu X, Nan S, Ren X, Li R. Exploring the prebiotic potential of hydrolyzed fucoidan fermented in vitro with human fecal inocula: Impact on microbiota and metabolome. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131202. [PMID: 38556225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Fucoidan is widely applied in food and pharmaceutical industry for the promising bioactivities. Low-molecular weight hydrolyzed fucoidan has gained attention for its beneficial health effects. Here, the modulation on microbiome and metabolome features of fucoidan and its acidolyzed derivatives (HMAF, 1.5-20 kDa; LMAF, <1.5 kDa) were investigated through human fecal cultures. Fucose is the main monosaccharide component in fucoidan and LMAF, while HMAF contains abundant glucuronic acid. LMAF fermentation resulted in the highest production of short-chain fatty acids, with acetate and propionate reaching maximum levels of 13.46 mmol/L and 11.57 mmol/L, respectively. Conversely, HMAF exhibited a maximum butyrate production of 9.28 mmol/L. Both fucoidan and acidolyzed derivatives decreased the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella in human fecal cultures. Fucoidan and HMAF prefer to improve the abundance of Bacteroides. However, LMAF showed positive influence on Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Megamonas. Untargeted metabolome indicated that fucoidan and its derivatives mainly altered the metabolic level of lipids, indole, and their derivatives, with fucoidan and HMAF promoting higher level of indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-carboxaldehyde compared to LMAF. Considering the chemical structural differences, this study suggested that hydrolyzed fucoidan can provide potential therapeutic applications for targeted regulation of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shihao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmiao Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao 266034, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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De Giani A, Perillo F, Baeri A, Finazzi M, Facciotti F, Di Gennaro P. Positive modulation of a new reconstructed human gut microbiota by Maitake extract helpfully boosts the intestinal environment in vitro. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301822. [PMID: 38603764 PMCID: PMC11008829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut is a complex environment where the microbiota and its metabolites play a crucial role in the maintenance of a healthy state. The aim of the present work is the reconstruction of a new in vitro minimal human gut microbiota resembling the microbe-microbe networking comprising the principal phyla (Bacillota, Bacteroidota, Pseudomonadota, and Actinomycetota), to comprehend the intestinal ecosystem complexity. In the reductionist model, we mimicked the administration of Maitake extract as prebiotic and a probiotic formulation (three strains belonging to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera), evaluating the modulation of strain levels, the release of beneficial metabolites, and their health-promoting effects on human cell lines of the intestinal environment. The administration of Maitake and the selected probiotic strains generated a positive modulation of the in vitro bacterial community by qPCR analyses, evidencing the prominence of beneficial strains (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis) after 48 hours. The bacterial community growths were associated with the production of metabolites over time through GC-MSD analyses such as lactate, butyrate, and propionate. Their effects on the host were evaluated on cell lines of the intestinal epithelium and the immune system, evidencing positive antioxidant (upregulation of SOD1 and NQO1 genes in HT-29 cell line) and anti-inflammatory effects (production of IL-10 from all the PBMCs). Therefore, the results highlighted a positive modulation induced by the synergic activities of probiotics and Maitake, inducing a tolerogenic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Giani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Perillo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Baeri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Finazzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Gennaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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4
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Li Z, Zhang Z, Ding J, Li Y, Cao G, Zhu L, Bian Y, Liu Y. Extraction, structure and bioactivities of polysaccharide from root of Arctium lappa L.: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131035. [PMID: 38518934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Arctium lappa L. root is a well-known Chinese medicine with high medicinal and food values. Arctium lappa L. root polysaccharide (ALP), as the main component and bioactive substance, has a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory activity and improvement of intestinal flora. The biological activities of polysaccharides are closely related to their structures, and different extraction and purification methods will yield different polysaccharide structures. As a kind of natural polysaccharide, ALP has a broad application prospect in drug carrier. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, biological activities, structure-activity relationship and drug carrier application of ALP, in order to provide basic reference for the development and application of medical and health care value. At the same time, the shortcomings of ALP research are discussed in depth, and the potential development prospect and future research direction are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jie Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Guiyun Cao
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Company, Ltd, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lihao Zhu
- Sishui Siheyuan Culture and Tourism Development Company, Ltd., Sishui 273200, China
| | - Yifei Bian
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Sishui Siheyuan Culture and Tourism Development Company, Ltd., Sishui 273200, China.
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5
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Jiang X, Li X, Li S, Wang M, Zhao Y, He S, Liu J, Fan W. Potential mechanism of probiotic fermentation of Auricularia cornea var. Li./blueberry to reduce obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101160. [PMID: 38379806 PMCID: PMC10876580 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this research was to investigate the effects of fermented Auricularia cornea var. Li./blueberry (FACB) on the gut microbiota of these super-large mouse models. The study, found that the groups who were given different amounts of FACB saw a significant reduction in their triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. There was a noteworthy increase in the ranks of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, it was noted that FACB influenced the gut microbiota of the obese rats, improving in both the variety and quantity of short-chain fatty acids present in their intestines. This research provided the inaugural evidence of FACB's potential as an effective anti-obesity agent in a high-fat diet model, implying it could serve as a preventive measure against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yunzhu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - SiHan He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Junmei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wenguang Fan
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Gansu 730050, China
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Chen M, Chen X, Guo Y, Liu N, Wang K, Gong P, Zhao Y, Cai L. Effect of in vitro digestion and fermentation of kiwifruit pomace polysaccharides on structural characteristics and human gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127141. [PMID: 37776924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit pomace is abundant in polysaccharides that exhibit diverse biological activities and prebiotic potential. This study delves into the digestive behavior and fermentation characteristics of kiwifruit pomace polysaccharides (KFP) through an in vitro simulated saliva-gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation. The results reveal that following simulated digestion of KFP, its molecular weight reduced by 4.7%, and the reducing sugar (CR) increased by 9.5%. However, the monosaccharide composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characteristics showed no significant changes, suggesting that KFP remained undigested. Furthermore, even after saliva-gastrointestinal digestion, KFP retained in vitro hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities. Subsequently, fecal fermentation significantly altered the physicochemical properties of indigestible KFP (KFPI), particularly leading to an 89.71% reduction in CR. This indicates that gut microbiota could decompose KFPI and metabolize it into SCFAs. Moreover, after 48 h of KFPI fecal fermentation, it was observed that KFPI contributed to maintaining the balance of gut microbiota by promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria like Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, while inhibiting the unfavorable bacteria like Bilophila. In summary, this study offers a comprehensive exploration of in vitro digestion and fecal fermentation characteristics of KFP, providing valuable insights for potential development of KFP as a prebiotic for promoting intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyin Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714000, China
| | - Ketang Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
| | - Yanni Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
| | - Luyang Cai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
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Yu R, Luo J, Liu L, Peng X. Hypoglycemic Effect of Edible Fungi Polysaccharides Depends on Their Metabolites from the Fermentation of Human Fecal Microbiota. Foods 2023; 13:97. [PMID: 38201125 PMCID: PMC10778959 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Edible fungi polysaccharides are widely sourced and have various physiological activities, including hypoglycemic. Current studies mainly focus on the hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides themselves, while the strength of the hypoglycemic activity of edible fungi polysaccharides from different sources remained elusive. This study compared the hypoglycemic activity of different edible fungi polysaccharides after in vitro fermentation by fecal bacteria, combined with non-targeted metabolomics and 16S rDNA analysis, to screen out potential key metabolites related to the hypoglycemic activity. The results show that the fermentation supernatants of all four edible fungi polysaccharides significantly increased the glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis of IR-HepG2, also up-regulated the level of hexokinase and down-regulated the level of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. All fermentation supernatants could alleviate the insulin resistance of IR-HepG2 cells by regulating the expression levels of genes related to the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Gingerglycolipid A, sphinganine 1-phosphate, matricin, tricarballylic acid, N-carbamoylputrescine, nomega-acetylhistamine, tyramine, and benzamide could be considered as potential key metabolites to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects. Their levels were strongly positively correlated with the abundance of Candidatus_Stoquefichu, Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, Bacteroides, Eubacterium_ventriosum_group, Anaerostipes, Parabacteroides, and Agathobacter. These metabolites and microorganisms are closely related to the hypoglycemic activity of edible fungi polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Lee KW, Shin JS, Lee CM, Han HY, O Y, Kim HW, Cho TJ. Gut-on-a-Chip for the Analysis of Bacteria-Bacteria Interactions in Gut Microbial Community: What Would Be Needed for Bacterial Co-Culture Study to Explore the Diet-Microbiota Relationship? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051131. [PMID: 36904133 PMCID: PMC10005057 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial co-culture studies using synthetic gut microbiomes have reported novel research designs to understand the underlying role of bacterial interaction in the metabolism of dietary resources and community assembly of complex microflora. Since lab-on-a-chip mimicking the gut (hereafter "gut-on-a-chip") is one of the most advanced platforms for the simulative research regarding the correlation between host health and microbiota, the co-culture of the synthetic bacterial community in gut-on-a-chip is expected to reveal the diet-microbiota relationship. This critical review analyzed recent research on bacterial co-culture with perspectives on the ecological niche of commensals, probiotics, and pathogens to categorize the experimental approaches for diet-mediated management of gut health as the compositional and/or metabolic modulation of the microbiota and the control of pathogens. Meanwhile, the aim of previous research on bacterial culture in gut-on-a-chip has been mainly limited to the maintenance of the viability of host cells. Thus, the integration of study designs established for the co-culture of synthetic gut consortia with various nutritional resources into gut-on-a-chip is expected to reveal bacterial interspecies interactions related to specific dietary patterns. This critical review suggests novel research topics for co-culturing bacterial communities in gut-on-a-chip to realize an ideal experimental platform mimicking a complex intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Won Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Song Shin
- Department of Food Regulatory Science, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Min Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea Yeon Han
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun O
- Department of Food Regulatory Science, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tae Jin Cho
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Regulatory Science, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-44-860-1433
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Khan R, Shah MD, Shah L, Lee PC, Khan I. Bacterial polysaccharides-A big source for prebiotics and therapeutics. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1031935. [PMID: 36407542 PMCID: PMC9671505 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1031935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial polysaccharides are unique due to their higher purity, hydrophilic nature, and a finer three-dimensional fibrous structure. Primarily, these polymers provide protection, support, and energy to the microorganism, however, more recently several auxiliary properties of these biopolymers have been unmasked. Microbial polysaccharides have shown therapeutic abilities against various illnesses, augmented the healing abilities of the herbal and Western medicines, improved overall health of the host, and have exerted positive impact on the growth of gut dwelling beneficial bacteria. Specifically, the review is discussing the mechanism through which bacterial polysaccharides exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. In addition, they are holding promising application in the 3D printing. The review is also discussing a perspective about the metagenome-based screening of polysaccharides, their integration with other cutting-edge tools, and synthetic microbiome base intervention of polysaccharides as a strategy for prebiotic intervention. This review has collected interesting information about the bacterial polysaccharides from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Up to our knowledge, this is the first of its kind review article that is summarizing therapeutic, prebiotics, and commercial application of bacterial polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raees Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Dawood Shah
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Ping-Chin Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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Metabolic Modeling and Bidirectional Culturing of Two Gut Microbes Reveal Cross-Feeding Interactions and Protective Effects on Intestinal Cells. mSystems 2022; 7:e0064622. [PMID: 36005398 PMCID: PMC9600892 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00646-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is constituted by thousands of microbial interactions, some of which correspond to the exchange of metabolic by-products or cross-feeding. Inulin and xylan are two major dietary polysaccharides that are fermented by members of the human gut microbiota, resulting in different metabolic profiles. Here, we integrated community modeling and bidirectional culturing assays to study the metabolic interactions between two gut microbes, Phocaeicola dorei and Lachnoclostridium symbiosum, growing in inulin or xylan, and how they provide a protective effect in cultured cells. P. dorei (previously belonging to the Bacteroides genus) was able to consume inulin and xylan, while L. symposium only used certain inulin fractions to produce butyrate as a major end product. Constrained-based flux simulations of refined genome-scale metabolic models of both microbes predicted high lactate and succinate cross-feeding fluxes between P. dorei and L. symbiosum when growing in each fiber. Bidirectional culture assays in both substrates revealed that L. symbiosum growth increased in the presence of P. dorei. Carbohydrate consumption analyses showed a faster carbohydrate consumption in cocultures compared to monocultures. Lactate and succinate concentrations in bidirectional cocultures were lower than in monocultures, pointing to cross-feeding as initially suggested by the model. Butyrate concentrations were similar across all conditions. Finally, supernatants from both bacteria cultured in xylan in bioreactors significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α-induced inflammation in HT-29 cells and exerted a protective effect against the TcdB toxin in Caco-2 epithelial cells. Surprisingly, this effect was not observed in inulin cocultures. Overall, these results highlight the predictive value of metabolic models integrated with microbial culture assays for probing microbial interactions in the gut microbiota. They also provide an example of how metabolic exchange could lead to potential beneficial effects in the host. IMPORTANCE Microbial interactions represent the inner connections in the gut microbiome. By integrating mathematical modeling tools and microbial bidirectional culturing, we determined how two gut commensals engage in the exchange of cross-feeding metabolites, lactate and succinate, for increased growth in two fibers. These interactions underpinned butyrate production in cocultures, resulting in a significant reduction in cellular inflammation and protection against microbial toxins when applied to cellular models.
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Zou XG, Cao YQ, Li JJ, Guan XQ, Cai M, Sun PL, Yang K. Physicochemical properties and immune-enhancing activity of graded polysaccharides from the peels of stem lettuce ( Lactuca sativa) by cascade membrane technology. Front Nutr 2022; 9:981099. [PMID: 36034903 PMCID: PMC9403839 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.981099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, cascade membrane technology was applied to classify polysaccharides from the peels of stem lettuce (PPSLs), and three graded polysaccharides (PPSL100, PPSL10, and PPSL1) were obtained using ultrafiltration membranes of 100, 10, and 1 kDa in sequence. The physicochemical properties and immune-modulatory activity of three PPSLs fractions were analyzed and compared. Results showed that all three fractions have characteristic absorption peak of polysaccharides determined by FT-IR, and their monosaccharide composition only consisted of glucose determined by HPLC. PPSL10 had the highest contents of total sugar (88.09 ± 3.52%), uronic acid (2.55 ± 0.10%), and sulfate group (4.15 ± 0.20%). Besides, all three fractions exhibited immune-enhancing activities using RAW264.7 macrophages model, and PPSL10 was the best able to promote phagocytosis of neutral red and nitric oxide generation, which might relate to the high contents of above compositions and medium molecular weight (32 kDa). The findings indicated that PPSL10 could be developed as immune-modulator in the field of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guo Zou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qin Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Guan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Long Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Saez-Aguayo S, Largo-Gosens A. Rhamnogalacturonan-I forms mucilage: behind its simplicity, a cutting-edge organization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3299-3303. [PMID: 36305092 PMCID: PMC9162176 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Zhang Y, Yin Q, Qin W, Gao H, Du J, Chen J, Li H, Zhou G, Wu H, Wu A-M. 2022. The Class II KNOX family members KNAT3 and KNAT7 redundantly participate in Arabidopsis seed coat mucilage biosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Botany 73, 3477–3495.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asier Largo-Gosens
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ingenería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de León, E-24071, León, Spain
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13
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Qiao H, Zhao T, Yin J, Zhang Y, Ran H, Chen S, Wu Z, Zhang R, Wang X, Gan L, Wang J. Structural Characteristics of Inulin and Microcrystalline Cellulose and Their Effect on Ameliorating Colitis and Altering Colonic Microbiota in Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitic Mice. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10921-10932. [PMID: 35415348 PMCID: PMC8991927 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that dietary fibers (DFs) from plants may exert beneficial effects on inflammatory bowel disease. In the present study, we investigated the structural differences of soluble DF (inulin) and insoluble DF (microcrystalline cellulose, MCC) and their effects on the intestinal barrier integrity, gut microbiota community, and inflammation response in mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Mice were fed for 21 days with diets containing inulin or MCC (2.5 g/kg body weight), and colitis was induced by administration of DSS (4% w/v) in drinking water during the last 8 days of experimentation. The results showed that inulin and MCC differ in morphology and structure. MCC exhibited a smaller particle size, a larger specific surface area, and higher thermal stability than inulin. In addition, both inulin and MCC restored various physical signs (body weight, colon weight and length, disease activity index score, and infiltration of inflammatory cells), gut barrier function (as evidenced by the increased expression of claudin-3, claudin-7, ZO-2, occludin, JAM-2, and MUC-3 and the decreased activity of myeloperoxidase activity), downregulation of mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (caspase-1, NLPR3, TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-1β), and modulation of colon microbiota community. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that DFs differ in morphology and structure and ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in mice by blocking proinflammatory cytokines, reinforcing gut barrier integrity, and modulating gut microbiota. Therefore, DFs, especially inulin, are promising dietary supplements to alleviate intestinal inflammation.
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14
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Yin D, Wang Y, Wang L, Wu Y, Bian X, Aggrey SE, Yuan J. Insights into the proteomic profile of newly harvested corn and metagenomic analysis of the broiler intestinal microbiota. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:26. [PMID: 35135621 PMCID: PMC8827200 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of newly harvested corn in feed causes wet droppings in broilers and increased feed cost which was termed as “new season grain problem”. The present study was conducted to evaluate the proteomic profile of newly harvested corn and the subsequent influence on intestinal microbiol community for broiler chickens. Methods Newly harvested corn stored for either half a month (HM) or two months (TM) was used, and the pasting properties, total soluble sugars, and proteomic analysis technology was used to explore the influence of storage on natural aging corn properties. Additionally, seventy-two 7-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicken were fed with different stored corn. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), digesta viscosity, intestinal morphology and microbiota were examined to explore the influence of feed corn storage on broiler chickens. Results Pasting properties in the TM corn exhibited decreased viscoelastic properties. Proteomic studies found a total of 26 proteins that were differentially expressed between the two treatment groups. Proteins involved in starch and polysaccharides biosynthesis were upregulated in TM compared with HM. Chickens fed on TM diet had higher relative energy utilization compared to the HM birds. With increased corn storage, the relative digesta viscosity decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05). The total number of goblet cells and lymphocytes was lower in chickens fed the TM diet. The microbiota data showed that the TM chickens had decreased abundance of diarrheal bacteria such as Hungatella hathewayi and Bacteroides fragilis, and increased butyrate-producing bacteria such as Alistipes compared to the HM chickens. Conclusions Storage of newly harvested corn induced the synthetic reaction of large molecules and changed the solubility of starch and protein with increasing soluble sugars and decreasing pasting properties that may improve the fermentation of intestinal microbiota, improve the energy utilization and protect gut health without the risk of diarrhea. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00656-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Yin
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Youli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Samuel E Aggrey
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
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15
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Dietary Alaska Pollock Protein Attenuates the Experimental Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium via Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010044. [PMID: 35050166 PMCID: PMC8779829 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein derived from fish has not only nutritional properties but also health-promoting properties. Few studies have examined the effect of dietary Alaska pollock protein (APP) on the anticolitis effect reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study investigated the effect of APP intake on colitis symptoms, gut microbiota, and its metabolites in the experimental colitis mouse model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: (1) DSS-untreated mice fed an American Institute of Nutrition (AIN) 93G diet (protein source is casein), (2) DSS-treated mice fed an AIN93G diet, and (3) DSS-treated mice fed an APP diet. After the mice were fed the diets for 21 days, experimental colitis was induced by three cycles of 2% DSS administration for 5 days followed by washouts over the course of 5 days. APP-reduced body weight loss increased the disease activity index, and elevated spleen weight and alleviated colon length shortening and colonic tissue damage. Furthermore, APP altered the structure and composition of the microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in feces. Since APP intake alleviates experimental colitis induced by DSS administration through alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites, we deduced that APP would inhibit MetS progression via colitis suppression.
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16
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Kwak MJ, Ha DJ, Choi YS, Lee H, Whang KY. Protective and restorative effects of sophorolipid on intestinal dystrophy in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model. Food Funct 2022; 13:161-169. [PMID: 34874374 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03109k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The public has gradually begun to regard inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as a crucial health issue; however, its mode of action has not been fully elucidated. Sophorolipid (SPL), a glycolipid-type biosurfactant, could be used as a potential treatment in physical intestinal dystrophy. We conducted a 2 × 2 factorial experiment to investigate the protective effect of SPL in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model (first factor, presence of SPL in feed; second factor, presence of DSS in water). Forty C57BL/6 mice (8-week-old) were used, and they were allocated to treatments according to their initial body weight. After a 7 d adjustment period, the DSS treatment was initiated in specific groups. At day 14, DSS was withdrawn from mice, and half of the mice were randomly selected and euthanized to collect colon and colon content samples. Three days after the end of DSS treatment, the rest of the mice were euthanized to investigate the therapeutic effect of SPL. Dietary SPL improved the growth performance in 3 d after DSS treatment, and the histopathological score was lower in the DSS-treated SPL group than in the DSS-treated control group. Mucosal thickness and goblet cell numbers significantly increased in the SPL-supplemented groups compared to in the control group. Similarly, SPL supplementation upregulated the gene expression levels of mucin-2, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-β, and increased the concentration of short chain fatty acid compared to the control groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with SPL attenuated the pathological response against acute and chronic inflammation by the maintenance of the mucosal barrier and wound healing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jin Kwak
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health (BK21 FOUR Program), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Ha
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Soon Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hanbae Lee
- Pathway Intermediates, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Youn Whang
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Kynkäänniemi E, Lahtinen MH, Jian C, Salonen A, Hatanpää T, Mikkonen KS, Pajari AM. Gut microbiota can utilize prebiotic birch glucuronoxylan in production of short-chain fatty acids in rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:3746-3759. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03922a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Birch-derived polyphenol and fiber (glucuronoxylan, GX)-rich extract and highly purified GX-rich extract support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, suppress the harmful ones, and increase the production of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kynkäänniemi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit H. Lahtinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ching Jian
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Hatanpää
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi S. Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Finland
| | - Anne-Maria Pajari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Abstract
Little is known about the influence of gastric microbiota on host metabolism, even though the stomach plays an important role in the production of hormones involved in body weight regulation and glucose homeostasis. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and Helicobacter pylori alter gut microbiota, but their impact on gastric microbiota in patients with obesity and the influence of these factors on the metabolic response to bariatric surgery is not fully understood. Forty-one subjects with morbid obesity who underwent sleeve gastrectomy were included in this study. The H. pylori group was established by the detection of H. pylori using a sequencing-based method (n = 16). Individuals in whom H. pylori was not detected were classified according to PPI treatment. Gastric biopsy specimens were obtained during surgery and were analyzed by a high-throughput-sequencing method. Patients were evaluated at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. β-Diversity measures were able to cluster patients according to their gastric mucosa-associated microbiota composition. H. pylori and PPI treatment are presented as two important factors for gastric mucosa-associated microbiota. H. pylori reduced diversity, while PPIs altered β-diversity. Both factors induced changes in the gastric mucosa-associated microbiota composition and its predicted functions. PPI users showed lower percentages of change in the body mass index (BMI) in the short term after surgery, while the H. pylori group showed higher glucose levels and lower percentages of reduction in body weight/BMI 1 year after surgery. PPIs and H. pylori colonization could modify the gastric mucosa-associated microbiota, altering its diversity, composition, and predicted functionality. These factors may have a role in the metabolic evolution of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota has been shown to have an impact on host metabolism. In the stomach, factors like proton pump inhibitor treatment and Helicobacter pylori haven been suggested to alter gut microbiota; however, the influence of these factors on the metabolic response to bariatric surgery has not been fully studied. In this study, we highlight the impact of these factors on the gastric microbiota composition. Moreover, proton pump inhibitor treatment and the presence of Helicobacter pylori could have an influence on bariatric surgery outcomes, mainly on body weight loss and glucose homeostasis. Deciphering the relationship between gastric hormones and gastric microbiota and their contributions to bariatric surgery outcomes paves the way to develop gut manipulation strategies to improve the metabolic success of bariatric surgery.
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19
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Sun Y, Zhang Z, Cheng L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang R, Weng P, Wu Z. Polysaccharides confer benefits in immune regulation and multiple sclerosis by interacting with gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110675. [PMID: 34600677 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological and clinical studies have consistently demonstrated that polysaccharides exhibit great potential on immune regulation. Polysaccharides can interact directly or indirectly with the immune system, triggering cell-cell communication and molecular recognition, leading to immunostimulatory responses. Gut microbiota is adept at foraging polysaccharides as energy sources and confers benefits in the context of immunity and chronic autoimmune disease, such as multiple sclerosis. A compelling set of interconnectedness between the gut microbiota, natural polysaccharides, and immune regulation has emerged. In this review, we highlighted the available avenues supporting the existence of these interactions, with a focus on cytokines-mediated and SCFAs-mediated pathways. Additionally, the neuroimmune mechanisms for gut microbiota communication with the brain in multiple sclerosis are also discussed, which will lay the ground for ameliorate multiple sclerosis via polysaccharide intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Zhepeng Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Peifang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
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20
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Salekeen R, Siam MHB, Sharif DI, Lustgarten MS, Billah MM, Islam KMD. In silico insights into potential gut microbial modulation of NAD+ metabolism and longevity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22925. [PMID: 34580953 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has prompted the notion of gut-microbial signatures as an indirect marker of aging and aging-associated decline in humans. However, the underlying host-symbiont molecular interactions contributing to these signatures remain poorly understood. In this study, we address this gap using cheminformatic analyses to elucidate potential gut microbial metabolites that may perturb the longevity-associated NAD+ metabolic network. In silico ADMET, KEGG interaction analysis, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and molecular mechanics calculation predict a large number of safe and bioavailable microbial metabolites to be direct and/or indirect activators of NAD+-dependent sirtuin proteins. Our simulation results suggest dihydropteroate, phenylpyruvic acid, indole-3-propionic acid, phenyllactic acid, all-trans-retinoic acid, and multiple deoxy-, methyl-, and cyclic nucleotides from intestinal microbiota as the best-performing regulators of NAD+ metabolism. Retracing these molecules to their source microorganisms also suggest commensal Escherichia, Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacilli to be associated with the highest number of pro-longevity metabolites. These findings from our early-stage study, therefore, provide an informatics-based context for previous evidence in the area and grant novel insights for future clinical investigation intersecting anti-aging drug discovery, probiotics, and gut microbial signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahagir Salekeen
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasanul Banna Siam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Dilara Islam Sharif
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Michael S Lustgarten
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Md Morsaline Billah
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Mohammed Didarul Islam
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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21
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Li X, Lei S, Liu L, Zhang Y, Zheng B, Zeng H. Synergistic effect of lotus seed resistant starch and short-chain fatty acids on mice fecal microbiota in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2272-2281. [PMID: 34097970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of lotus seed resistant starch (LRS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on mice fecal bacterial flora and the contents of SCFAs in vitro. Following 24 h of fermentation, 16S rRNA analysis revealed several differences in the fecal microbiota community structure among primal bacteria (PB), LRS and different SCFAs combined with LRS groups (SCFAs-LRS). The LRS group increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, Clostridium, Bacteroides and Prevotella. Among the SCFAs-LRS group, AA-LRS increased the relative abundance of Prevotella, and Bacillus. PA-LRS increased abundance of Sphingomonas and the BA-LRS group significantly increased the relative abundance of Rhizobiales, Brucellaceae and Ochrobactrum. Meanwhile, propionic acid and BA productions significantly increased in the BA-LRS group. The SCFAs-LRS group elicited a beneficial effect on the fecal microbiota by increasing production of SCFAs. We highlight the fact that the combination of LRS and SCFA can increase the contents of SCFAs produced by mice fecal microbiota. In short, the combination of LRS and SCFA can influence intestinal flora by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and can serve as new prebiotics for promoting health and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Suzhen Lei
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; China-Ireland International Cooperation Centre for Food Material Science and Structure Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; China-Ireland International Cooperation Centre for Food Material Science and Structure Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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22
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Thomson P, Núñez P, Quera R, Bay C. Gastrointestinal microbiome, what is behind faecal microbiota transplantation? New Microbes New Infect 2021; 42:100898. [PMID: 34168881 PMCID: PMC8207221 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is made up of billions of microorganisms that coexist in an organised ecosystem, where strict and facultative anaerobic bacteria predominate. The alteration or imbalance of these microorganisms, known as dysbiosis, can be associated with both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Based on a review of the literature, the intestinal microbiota is described in its state of health, the changes associated with some gastrointestinal diseases and the potential role that faecal microbiota transplantation has in the reestablishment of an altered ecosystem. Undoubtedly, the information revealed makes us reflect on the indication of faecal microbiota transplantation in various pathologies of intestinal origin. However, to ensure the efficacy and safety of this therapy, more studies are needed to obtain more evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Thomson
- Veterinarian School of Medicine, Faculty of Life Science, Andrés Bello University, Avenida República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - P. Núñez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Juan De Dios – University of Chile, Huérfanos 3255, Santiago, Chile
- Gastroenterology Department, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Avda. Plaza 2501, Chile
| | - R. Quera
- Gastroenterology Department, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Avda. Plaza 2501, Chile
| | - C. Bay
- Department of Pediatrics, Medicine School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367, Santiago, Chile
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23
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Matsuoka T, Shimizu T, Minagawa T, Hiranuma W, Takeda M, Kakuta R, Kawamoto S. First case of an invasive Bacteroides dorei infection detected in a patient with a mycotic aortic aneurysm-raising a rebellion of major indigenous bacteria in humans: a case report and review. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:625. [PMID: 34193073 PMCID: PMC8247135 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteroides dorei is an anaerobic gram-negative bacterium first described in 2006. Because of the high similarity in mass spectra between B. dorei and Bacteroides vulgatus, discriminating between these species is arduous in clinical practice. In recent decades, 16S rRNA gene sequencing has been a complementary method for distinguishing taxonomically close bacteria, including B. dorei and B. vulgatus, at the genus and species levels. Consequently, B. dorei has been shown to contribute to some diseases, including type 1 autoimmune diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic diseases. However, there are no reports on invasive infectious diseases caused by B. dorei. This report describes the first case of direct invasion and colonisation of human tissue by B. dorei, thus providing a warning regarding the previously proposed application of B. dorei as a live biotherapeutic for atherosclerotic diseases. Case presentation A 78-year-old Japanese man complained of intermittent chest/back pain and was diagnosed with a mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm by enhanced computed tomography on admission. Despite strict blood pressure control and empirical antibiotic therapy, the patient’s condition worsened. To prevent aneurysmal rupture and eliminate infectious foci, the patient underwent surgical treatment. The resected specimen was subjected to tissue culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to identify pathogenic bacteria. A few days after the surgery, culture and sequencing results revealed that the pathogen was B. dorei/B. vulgatus and B. dorei, respectively. The patient was successfully treated with appropriate antibacterial therapy and after improvement, was transferred to another hospital for rehabilitation on postoperative day 34. There was no recurrence of infection or aneurysm after the patient transfer. Conclusions This report describes the first case of invasive infectious disease caused by B. dorei, casting a shadow over its utilisation as a probiotic for atherosclerotic diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06345-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsuoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-12-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8512, Japan.
| | - Takuya Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-12-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8512, Japan
| | - Tadanori Minagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-12-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8512, Japan
| | - Wakiko Hiranuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-12-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8512, Japan
| | - Miki Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-12-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8512, Japan
| | - Risako Kakuta
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kawamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-12-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8512, Japan
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Fang Z, Li L, Lu W, Zhao J, Zhang H, Lee YK, Chen W. Bifidobacterium affected the correlation between gut microbial composition, SCFA metabolism, and immunity in mice with DNFB-induced atopic dermatitis. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gasaly N, Hermoso MA, Gotteland M. Butyrate and the Fine-Tuning of Colonic Homeostasis: Implication for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063061. [PMID: 33802759 PMCID: PMC8002420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes current evidence supporting butyrate impact in the homeostatic regulation of the digestive ecosystem in health and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Butyrate is mainly produced by bacteria from the Firmicutes phylum. It stimulates mature colonocytes and inhibits undifferentiated malignant and stem cells. Butyrate oxidation in mature colonocytes (1) produces 70–80% of their energetic requirements, (2) prevents stem cell inhibition by limiting butyrate access to crypts, and (3) consumes oxygen, generating hypoxia and maintaining luminal anaerobiosis favorable to the microbiota. Butyrate stimulates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the GPR41 and GPR109A receptors, and inhibits HDAC in different cell types, thus stabilizing the gut barrier function and decreasing inflammatory processes. However, some studies indicate contrary effects according to butyrate concentrations. IBD patients exhibit a lower abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate content. Additionally, colonocyte butyrate oxidation is depressed in these subjects, lowering luminal anaerobiosis and facilitating the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae that contribute to inflammation. Accordingly, gut dysbiosis and decreased barrier function in IBD seems to be secondary to the impaired mitochondrial disturbance in colonic epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naschla Gasaly
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Marcela A. Hermoso
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Martín Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-989-059-222
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"Dialogue" between Caco-2 and DCs regulated by Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide in intestinal-like Caco-2/DCs co-culture model. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110310. [PMID: 34053519 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The previous research has indicated that Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) indirectly affects the immune function of dendritic cells (DCs) in intestinal-like Caco-2/DCs co-culture model, in which NF-κB and MAPK pathway play an essential role. To explore the interaction of Caco-2 in the interaction between the intestinal epithelium and its internal immune cells, the intestinal-like Caco-2/DCs co-culture model was developed. All transcripts of Caco-2 treated with or without PSG-1 were globally screened by RNA-seq. The expression of 452 genes regulated by PSG-1 was statistically significant, the counts of up-regulated and down-regulated genes were 198 and 256, respectively. According to KEGG analysis, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and NF-κB signaling pathways of Caco-2 were selected to elucidate the mechanism of interaction between Caco-2/DCs induced by PSG-1. After the addition of TNF-α inhibitor Apremilast and NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-70821 in Caco-2, expression of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10), chemokines (RANTES, MIP-1α, MCP-1), and the key proteins of MAPK and NF-κB pathways of DCs were all reduced. In summary, "dialogue" between Caco-2 and DCs was regulated by PSG-1 through TNF-α and NF-κB signaling pathways of Caco-2 in the model.
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Xiang XW, Zhou XL, Wang R, Shu CH, Zhou YF, Ying XG, Zheng B. Protective Effect of Tuna Bioactive Peptide on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030127. [PMID: 33652919 PMCID: PMC7996728 DOI: 10.3390/md19030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides isolated from marine organisms have shown to have potential anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the intestinal protection effect of low molecular peptides (Mw < 1 kDa) produced through enzymatic hydrolysis of tuna processing waste (tuna bioactive peptides (TBP)) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in BALB/c mice. Here, we randomly divided twenty-four male BALB/c mice into four groups: (i) normal (untreated), (ii) DSS-induced model colitis, (iii) low dose TBP+DSS-treated (200 mg/kg/d), and (iv) high dose TBP+DSS-treated groups (500 mg/kg/d). The results showed that TBP significantly reduced mice weight loss and improved morphological and pathological characteristics of colon tissues. In addition, it increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH-Px) and decreased inflammatory factors (LPS, IL-6, and TNF-α) expression. TBP increased the gene expression levels of some tight junction (TJ) proteins. Moreover, TBP increased the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels and the diversity and imbalance of intestinal flora. Therefore, TBP plays some protective roles in the intestinal tract by enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities of the body, improving the intestinal barrier and metabolic abnormalities, and adjusting intestinal flora imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wei Xiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; (X.-W.X.); (R.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Innovation and Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhou
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang, China; (X.-L.Z.); (C.-H.S.); (X.-G.Y.)
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; (X.-W.X.); (R.W.)
| | - Cong-Han Shu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang, China; (X.-L.Z.); (C.-H.S.); (X.-G.Y.)
| | - Yu-Fang Zhou
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.Z.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-13515806308 (B.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Guo Ying
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang, China; (X.-L.Z.); (C.-H.S.); (X.-G.Y.)
| | - Bin Zheng
- Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang, China; (X.-L.Z.); (C.-H.S.); (X.-G.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.Z.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-13515806308 (B.Z.)
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Wang C, Chen Y, Zhang G, Liu J, Peng X, Luo J. Recovery of Ggt7 and Ace Expressions in the Colon Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats by Specific Bioactive Polysaccharide Intervention. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14531-14539. [PMID: 33226212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes swollen joints and irreversible joint damage and may even elevate cancer risks. Several bioactive nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs) were reported to alleviate RA, but the key colonic genes accountable for this alleviation were elusive. Using collagen-induced arthritis as an RA model, colonic candidate genes related to RA were selected by transcriptome and methylome. The key genes were determined by comparing the transcriptome, methylome, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction profiles in RA rats with and without Lycium barbarum polysaccharides' treatment and further validated using Angelica sinensis polysaccharides and Astragalus propinquus polysaccharides for comparison. Both colonic genes γ-glutamyltransferase 7 (Ggt7) and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (Ace) were downregulated by RA, and they were upregulated after L. barbarum polysaccharides' and A. sinensis polysaccharides' intervention that reduced the RA-caused hypermethylation status in nucleotide sites in the exon/promoter region of the two genes. However, the A. propinquus polysaccharides' intervention barely reduced the hypermethylation in the corresponding sites, failing to recover the expressions of these two genes and improve RA. Therefore, the colonic Ggt7 and Ace can be considered as key genes accountable for RA alleviation by bioactive NSP intervention. This study provides a more comprehensive insight into diet intervention to improve RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunjing Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
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Gotteland M, Riveros K, Gasaly N, Carcamo C, Magne F, Liabeuf G, Beattie A, Rosenfeld S. The Pros and Cons of Using Algal Polysaccharides as Prebiotics. Front Nutr 2020; 7:163. [PMID: 33072794 PMCID: PMC7536576 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae stand out for their high content of dietary fiber (30–75%) that include soluble, sulfated (fucoidan, agaran, carrageenan, and ulvan) and non-sulfated (laminaran and alginate) polysaccharides. Many studies indicate that these compounds exert varied biological activities and health-promoting effects and for this reason, there is a growing interest for using them in food products. The aim of this review was to critically evaluate prebiotic properties of algal polysaccharides, i.e., their ability to exert biological activities by modulating the composition and/or diversity of gut microbiota (GM). Pre-clinical studies show that the non-sulfated alginate and laminaran are well-fermented by GM, promoting the formation of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate, and preventing that of harmful putrefactive compounds (NH3, phenol, p-cresol, indole and H2S). Alginate increases Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus species while laminaran mostly stimulates Bacteroides sp. Results with sulfated polysaccharides are more questionable. Agarans are poorly fermentable but agarose-oligosaccharides exhibit an interesting prebiotic potential, increasing butyrate-producing bacteria and SCFAs. Though carrageenan-oligosaccharides are also fermented, their use is currently limited due to safety concerns. Regarding fucoidan, only one study reports SCFAs production, suggesting that it is poorly fermented. Its effect on GM does not indicate a clear pattern, making difficult to conclude whether it is beneficial or not. Notably, fucoidan impact on H2S production has not been evaluated, though some studies report it increases sulfate-reducing bacteria. Ulvan is badly fermented by GM and some studies show that part of its sulfate is dissimilated to H2S, which could affect colonic mitochondrial function. Accordingly, these results support the use of laminaran, alginate and agaro-oligosaccharides as prebiotics while more studies are necessary regarding that of fucoidan, carrageenan and ulvan. However, the realization of clinical trials is necessary to confirm such prebiotic properties in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Riveros
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Naschla Gasaly
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Carcamo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabien Magne
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gianella Liabeuf
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Beattie
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Centro de Investigación para la Conservación de Ecosistemas Australes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
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Hou C, Chen L, Yang L, Ji X. An insight into anti-inflammatory effects of natural polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:248-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Huang R, Li F, Zhou Y, Zeng Z, He X, Fang L, Pan F, Chen Y, Lin J, Li J, Qiu D, Tian Y, Tan X, Song Y, Xu Y, Lai Y, Yi H, Gao Q, Fang X, Shi M, Zhou C, Huang J, He YT. Metagenome-wide association study of the alterations in the intestinal microbiome composition of ankylosing spondylitis patients and the effect of traditional and herbal treatment. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:797-805. [PMID: 31778109 PMCID: PMC7451032 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a systemic progressive disease with an unknown etiology that may be related to the gut microbiome. Therefore, a more thorough understanding of its pathogenesis is necessary for directing future therapy.Aim. We aimed to determine the differences in intestinal microbial composition between healthy individuals and patients with AS who received and who did not receive treatment interventions. In parallel, the pathology of AS in each patient was analysed to better understand the link between AS treatment and the intestinal microbiota of the patients.Methodology. Sixty-six faecal DNA samples, including 37 from healthy controls (HCs), 11 from patients with untreated AS (NM), 7 from patients treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. celecoxib; WM) and 11 from patients treated with Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), such as the Bushen-Qiangdu-Zhilv decoction, were collected and used in the drug effect analysis. All samples were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 4000 and the microbial composition was determined.Results. Four species were enriched in the patients with AS: Flavonifractor plautii, Oscillibacter, Parabacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides nordii (HC vs. NM, P<0.05); only F. plautii was found to be significantly changed in the NM-HC comparison. No additional species were found in the HC vs. CHM analysis, which indicated a beneficial effect of CHM in removing the other three strains. F. plautii was found to be significantly increased in the comparison between the HC and WM groups, along with four other species (Clostridium bolteae, Clostridiales bacterium 1_7_47FAA, C. asparagiforme and C. hathewayi). The patients with AS harboured more bacterial species associated with carbohydrate metabolism and glycan biosynthesis in their faeces. They also had bacterial profiles less able to biodegrade xenobiotics or synthesize and transport vitamins.Conclusion. The gut microbiota of the patients with AS varied from that of the HCs, and the treatment had an impact on this divergence. Our data provide insight that could guide improvements in AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- RunYue Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Yingyan Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
- Postdoctoral Mobile Research Station, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaohong He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Lihua Fang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Feng Pan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Yile Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Jiehua Lin
- Nephropathy Center, The Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital, Jinan University, Jiangmen 529000, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Dongni Qiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Armed Police Corps Hospital, Guangzhou 510507, PR China
| | - Yinping Tian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Xi Tan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Yanni Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Yongyue Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Yonghui Lai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Hao Yi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Qiang Gao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Fang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Mingming Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Chu Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Jinqun Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
| | - Yi-Ting He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510120 or 510006, PR China
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De Angelis M, Ferrocino I, Calabrese FM, De Filippis F, Cavallo N, Siragusa S, Rampelli S, Di Cagno R, Rantsiou K, Vannini L, Pellegrini N, Lazzi C, Turroni S, Lorusso N, Ventura M, Chieppa M, Neviani E, Brigidi P, O'Toole PW, Ercolini D, Gobbetti M, Cocolin L. Diet influences the functions of the human intestinal microbiome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4247. [PMID: 32144387 PMCID: PMC7060259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes programme their metabolism to suit intestinal conditions and convert dietary components into a panel of small molecules that ultimately affect host physiology. To unveil what is behind the effects of key dietary components on microbial functions and the way they modulate host-microbe interaction, we used for the first time a multi-omic approach that goes behind the mere gut phylogenetic composition and provides an overall picture of the functional repertoire in 27 fecal samples from omnivorous, vegan and vegetarian volunteers. Based on our data, vegan and vegetarian diets were associated to the highest abundance of microbial genes/proteins responsible for cell motility, carbohydrate- and protein-hydrolyzing enzymes, transport systems and the synthesis of essential amino acids and vitamins. A positive correlation was observed when intake of fiber and the relative fecal abundance of flagellin were compared. Microbial cells and flagellin extracted from fecal samples of 61 healthy donors modulated the viability of the human (HT29) colon carcinoma cells and the host response through the stimulation of the expression of Toll-like receptor 5, lectin RegIIIα and three interleukins (IL-8, IL-22 and IL-23). Our findings concretize a further and relevant milestone on how the diet may prevent/mitigate disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Noemi Cavallo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sonya Siragusa
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, Bozen, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Rantsiou
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Lucia Vannini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, and Inter-Departmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Camilla Lazzi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Lorusso
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Ventura
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Erasmo Neviani
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, Bozen, Italy.
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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Abstract
The gut microbiome is a complex microbial community that plays a key role in human health. Diet is an important factor dictating gut microbiome composition. This is mediated by multiple microbe-microbe interactions that result in the fermentation of nondigestible carbohydrates and the production of short-chain fatty acids. Certain species play key metabolic roles in the microbiome, and their disappearance could result in dysbiosis. In this work, a synthetic consortium of 14 gut microbes was studied during the utilization of prebiotic inulin in batch bioreactors. Fermentations were repeated leaving one species out every time, in order to evaluate the impact of their elimination on the system. Substrate consumption, microbial composition, and metabolite production were determined. Single deletions never resulted in a complete loss of bacterial growth or inulin consumption, suggesting functional redundancy. Deletions of Bacteroides dorei and Lachnoclostridium clostridioforme resulted in lower biomass and higher residual inulin. The absence of B. dorei impacted the abundance of the other 10 species negatively. Lachnoclostridium symbiosum, a butyrate producer, appeared to be the most sensitive species to deletions, being stimulated by the presence of Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. dorei, and Lactobacillus plantarum Conversely, bioreactors without these species did not show butyrate production. L. clostridioforme was observed to be essential for propionate production, and B. dorei for lactate production. Our analysis identified specific members that were essential for the function of the consortium. In conclusion, species deletions from microbial consortia could be a useful approach to identify relevant interactions between microorganisms and defining metabolic roles in the gut microbiome.IMPORTANCE Gut microbes associate, compete for, and specialize in specific metabolic tasks. These interactions are dictated by the cross-feeding of degradation or fermentation products. However, the individual contribution of microbes to the function of the gut microbiome is difficult to evaluate. It is essential to understand the complexity of microbial interactions and how the presence or absence of specific microorganisms affects the stability and functioning of the gut microbiome. The experimental approach of this study could be used for identifying keystone species, in addition to redundant functions and conditions that contribute to community stability. Redundancy is an important feature of the microbiome, and its reduction could be useful for the design of microbial consortia with desired metabolic properties enhancing the tasks of the keystone species.
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Yousi F, Kainan C, Junnan Z, Chuanxing X, Lina F, Bangzhou Z, Jianlin R, Baishan F. Evaluation of the effects of four media on human intestinal microbiota culture in vitro. AMB Express 2019; 9:69. [PMID: 31123874 PMCID: PMC6533344 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiota has an important role in the maintenance of human health and disease pathogenesis. The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of four media on human intestinal microbiota metabolite and composition changes, we performed in vitro batch culture using intestinal microbiota samples from three fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) donors. After 48 h culture, gut microbiota medium (GMM) had the highest production of acetic acid (73.00 ± 7.56 mM) and propionic acid (16.79 ± 1.59 mM), bacterial growth media (BGM) had the highest production of butyric acid (13.39 ± 0.56 mM). In addition, brain heart infusion (BHI) promoted (p < 0.05) the growth of Bacteroidetes, especially Bacteroides after 48 h, GMM resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in Actinobacteria and increased the beneficial genus Bifidobacterium, fastidious anaerobe broth (FAB) increased Firmicutes population, and BGM promoted the growth of Escherichia-Shigella and Akkermansia. The results suggest that four media had different effects on the human intestinal microbiota metabolism and composition in vitro. These results may facilitate the culture of bacteria from the human intestinal microbiota.
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Basu A, Alman AC, Snell-Bergeon JK. Dietary fiber intake and glycemic control: coronary artery calcification in type 1 diabetes (CACTI) study. Nutr J 2019; 18:23. [PMID: 30943964 PMCID: PMC6448314 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary fiber has been recommended for glucose control, and typically low intakes are observed in the general population. The role of fiber in glycemic control in reported literature is inconsistent and few reports are available in populations with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods Using data from the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) study [n = 1257; T1D: n = 568; non-diabetic controls: n = 689] collected between March 2000 and April 2002, we examined cross-sectional (baseline) and longitudinal (six-year follow-up in 2006–2008) associations of dietary fiber and HbA1c. Participants completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, and a physical examination and fasting biochemical analyses (12 h fast) at baseline visit and at the year 6 visit. We used a linear regression model stratified by diabetes status, and adjusted for age, sex and total calories, and diabetes duration in the T1D group. We also examined correlations of dietary fiber with HbA1c. Results Baseline dietary fiber intake and serum HbA1c in the T1D group were 16 g [median (IQ): 11–22 g) and 7.9 ± 1.3% mean (SD), respectively, and in the non-diabetic controls were 15 g [median (IQ): 11–21 g) and 5.4 ± 0.4%, respectively. Pearson partial correlation coefficients revealed a significant but weak inverse association of total dietary fiber with HbA1c when adjusted for age, sex, diabetes status and total calories (r = − 0.07, p = 0.01). In the adjusted linear regression model at baseline, total dietary fiber revealed a significant inverse association with HbA1c in the T1D group [β ± SE = − 0.32 ± 0.15, p = 0.034], as well as in the non-diabetic controls [− 0.10 ± 0.04, p = 0.009]. However, these results were attenuated after adjustment for dietary carbohydrates, fats and proteins, or for cholesterol and triglycerides. No such significance was observed at the year 6 follow-up, and with the HbA1c changes over 6 years. Conclusion Thus, at observed levels of intake, total dietary fiber reveals modest inverse associations with poor glycemic control. Future studies must further investigate the role of overall dietary quality adjusting for fiber-rich foods in T1D management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Basu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA. .,Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, USA.
| | - Amy C Alman
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Janet K Snell-Bergeon
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
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Kasipandi M, Vrindarani AS, Sreeja PS, Thamburaj S, Saikumar S, Dhivya S, Parimelazhagan T. Effect of in vitro simulated digestion on sugar content and biological activities of Zehneria maysorensis (Wight & Arn.) Arn. leaf polysaccharides. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang L, Li C, Huang Q, Fu X, Liu RH. In vitro digestibility and prebiotic potential of a novel polysaccharide from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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