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Gomes RAMP, Santos AL, Catarino L. Elemental analysis using portable X-ray fluorescence: Guidelines for the study of dry human bone. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2024; 44:85-89. [PMID: 38176088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a non-destructive technique that measures the elemental concentration of different materials, including human bone. Recently, it began to be applied to paleopathological studies due to the development of portable devices and their relative ease of use. However, the lack of uniform procedures hampers comparability and reproducibility. This paper aims to provide guidelines for an efficient and standardized evaluation of bone elemental composition with a portable XRF (pXRF) device. MATERIALS This technical note is based on the application of the Thermo Scientific Niton XL3t 900 GOLDD+. METHODS This work includes suggestions for the choice and preparation of human bone samples, both from archaeological context and documented collections, and methodological procedures in pXRF setup, such as choice of calibration, assessment of accuracy, and analysis run time. Additionally, recommendations for data validation and statistical analysis are also included. CONCLUSIONS This technique has great potential in paleopathology since bone chemical variations may be associated with different pathological conditions, environmental contamination (e.g., lead), and/or administered treatments, such as mercury. Following an expected increase in the number of studies, it is essential to establish good practices that allow results from different researchers to be comparable. SIGNIFICANCE X-ray fluorescence is a non-destructive technique that measures small concentrations (ppm) of elements from magnesium (12Mg) through bismuth (83Bi). LIMITATIONS pXRF does not detect elements lighter than Mg, and its lower energy excitation penetrates less than other techniques. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Other research groups should test these guidelines and comment on their usefulness and replicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A M P Gomes
- University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Rua do Arco da Traição, 3000-056 Coimbra, Portugal; Carrera de Antropologia, University of Concepción, Barrio Universitário s/n, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Ana Luisa Santos
- University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Rua do Arco da Traição, 3000-056 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lidia Catarino
- University of Coimbra, Department of Earth Sciences, Geosciences Center, Rua Sílvio Lima - Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Alsharif SA, Badran MI, Moustafa MH, Meshref RA, Mohamed EI. Hydrothermal extraction and physicochemical characterization of biogenic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles from buffalo waste bones for in vivo xenograft in experimental rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17490. [PMID: 37840064 PMCID: PMC10577150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) can be used in odontology and orthopedic grafts to restore damaged bone due to its stable chemical characteristics, composition, and crystal structural affinity for human bone. A three-step hydrothermal method was used for the extraction of biogenic calcined HA from the buffalo waste bones at 700 °C (HA-700) and 1000 °C (HA-1000). Extracts were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and in vivo examination of HA xenografts for femoral lesions in experimental rats. Crystallinity, purity, and morphology patterns showed that the HA main phase purity was 84.68% for HA-700 and 88.99% for HA-1000. Spherical HA nanoparticles were present for calcined HA-700 samples in the range 57-423 nm. Rats with critical bone lesions of 3 mm in diameter in the left femur treated with calcined HA-700 nanoparticles healed significantly (p < 0.001) faster than rats treated with HA-1000 or negative controls. These findings showed that spherical biogenic HA-700 NPs with a bud-like structure have the potential to stimulate both osteoconduction and bone remodeling, leading to greater bone formation potential in vivo. Thus, the calcined biogenic HA generated from buffalo waste bones may be a practical tool for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shada A Alsharif
- University College in Umluj, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud I Badran
- Medical Biophysics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Moustafa H Moustafa
- Medical Biophysics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Radwa A Meshref
- Medical Equipment Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ehab I Mohamed
- Medical Biophysics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt.
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Yılmaz S, Betül Baygeldi S, Aslan Kanmaz Y, Can Güzel B, Yılmaz Y, Karan M, Güzel F. Physical and chemical characterization of femur during and after body development period in male and female rats. Anat Histol Embryol 2023. [PMID: 36843058 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the bone structures during four developmental periods. Forty Wistar Albino rats (20 male and 20 female) were divided into four groups including prepubertal period (group I), period between adolescence and adulthood (group II) and later (young adult period as group III and old adult period as group IV). The bones were analysed by morphometric measurements, XRF (X-ray fluorescence) analysis for mineral levels and BET analysis (Brunaurer-Emmett-Teller) for surface area and porosity. In morphometric measurements, the GL (greatest length) and the GLC (greatest length from caput femoris) values increased gradually from the first to the fourth group, and these values were higher in the males than the females. Phosphorus and calcium values were higher in the males in adult groups (third and fourth) compared to that for the females; however, they were higher in the females in groups up to adulthood (first and second). While the Ca/P ratio reached the highest value in the second group in the male, it decreased gradually afterwards. In females, the rate, which was close to each other in the first three groups, increased in the fourth group. Surface area size in the female and the male rats was the highest in the second group. In conclusion, changes in the rat bone structure during the development and adulthood periods of the body were revealed, and it was determined that the gender factor was effective in these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadık Yılmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fırat, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Saime Betül Baygeldi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fırat, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Aslan Kanmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fırat, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Barış Can Güzel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fırat, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Yücehan Yılmaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of İnönü, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Meryem Karan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fırat, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Fuat Güzel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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4
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Yılmaz Y, Aslan Kanmaz Y, Baygeldi SB, Güzel BC, Karan M, Güzel F, Yılmaz S. Physical and chemical characterization of the femur during and after the body development period in male and female guinea pigs. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13848. [PMID: 37392144 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to reveal the physical and chemical characterization of the bone structures during body development periods (prepubertal period, period between adolescence and adulthood) and after (young adult period and old adult period) in male and female guinea pigs. In this study, 40 guinea pigs (20 male, 20 female) were used. Morphometric measurements, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis for mineral levels, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis for surface area, and porosity analysis were applied to the bones. The male guinea pigs had greater values than females in the other three categories, with the exception of the second group, when the females have higher values in morphometric measurements. Ca levels rose up to the third group, as did P levels in the males, peaking in the third group and declining in the fourth. As with phosphorus, there was a progressive rise in females from the first to the fourth group. Fe, Zn, and Sr elements had the greatest values in both genders in the first group. In all four groups, the females had greater Zn levels than males. The highest Ca/P ratio was found in the third male group and the fourth female group. This study revealed that adolescence, adulthood, and gender are effective in the physical and chemical characterization of bone structure in guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yücehan Yılmaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of İnönü, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Aslan Kanmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fırat, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Saime Betül Baygeldi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fırat, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Barış Can Güzel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Meryem Karan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fırat, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Fuat Güzel
- Department of Chemical, Faculty of, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Sadık Yılmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fırat, Elazığ, Turkey
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Viciano J, López-Lázaro S, Tanga C. Post-Mortem Dental Profile as a Powerful Tool in Animal Forensic Investigations—A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162038. [PMID: 36009628 PMCID: PMC9404435 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Veterinary forensics is becoming more important in our society as a result of the growing demand for investigations related to crimes against animals or investigations of criminal deaths caused by animals. A veterinarian may participate as an expert witness or may be required to give forensic assistance, by providing knowledge of the specialty to establish a complete picture of the involvement of an animal and allowing the Courts to reach a verdict. By applying diverse dental profiling techniques, not only can species, sex, age-at-death, and body size of an animal be estimated, but also data about their geographical origin (provenance) and the post-mortem interval. This review concentrates on the dental techniques that use the characteristics of teeth as a means of identification of freshly deceased and skeletonised animals. Furthermore, this highlights the information that can be extracted about the animal from the post-mortem dental profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Viciano
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (S.L.-L.); (C.T.)
| | - Sandra López-Lázaro
- Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 6850331, Chile
- Forensic Dentistry Lab, Centro de Investigación en Odontología Legal y Forense–CIO–, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (S.L.-L.); (C.T.)
| | - Carmen Tanga
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (S.L.-L.); (C.T.)
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Madden C, Pringle JK, Jeffery AJ, Wisniewski KD, Heaton V, Oliver IW, Glanville H, Stimpson IG, Dick HC, Eeley M, Goodwin J. Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis of heavy metal contamination in church graveyards with contrasting soil types. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:55278-55292. [PMID: 35318600 PMCID: PMC9356940 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Human remains have been interred in burial grounds since historic times. Although the re-use of graveyards differs from one country, region or time period to another, over time, graveyard soil may become contaminated or enriched with heavy metal elements. This paper presents heavy metal element soil analysis from two UK church graveyard study sites with contrasting necrosols, but similar burial densities and known burial ages dating back to the sixteenth century and some possibly older than 1,000 years. Portable X-ray fluorescence element laboratory-based analyses were undertaken on surface and near-surface soil pellets. Results show elevated levels of Fe, Pb, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ca in both necrosols when compared with background values. Element concentration anomalies remained consistently higher than background samples down to 2 m, but reduced with distance away from church buildings. Element concentration anomalies are higher in the clay-rich necrosol than in sandy necrosol. Study result implications suggest that long-used necrosols are likely to be more contaminated with heavy metal elements than similar soil outside graveyards with implications for burial grounds management, adjacent populations and where burial grounds have been deconsecrated and turned to residential dwellings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Madden
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, Staffs, UK
| | - Jamie K Pringle
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, Staffs, UK.
| | - Adam J Jeffery
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, Staffs, UK
- The Keele Institute for Innovation and Teaching Excellence, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | | | - Vivienne Heaton
- School of Physical & Chemical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, Staffs, UK
| | - Ian W Oliver
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, Staffs, UK
| | - Helen Glanville
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, Staffs, UK
| | - Ian G Stimpson
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, Staffs, UK
| | - Henry C Dick
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, Staffs, UK
- Met Consultancy Group, Southgate House, Pontefract Road, Leeds, LS10 1SW, UK
| | - Madeleine Eeley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottinghamshire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jonathan Goodwin
- Stoke-On-Trent Archaeology Service, Civic Centre, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs, UK
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7
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Zdral S, Monge Calleja ÁM, Catarino L, Curate F, Santos AL. Elemental Composition in Female Dry Femora Using Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF): Association with Age and Osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:231-240. [PMID: 33792736 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pathophysiological conditions can modify the skeletal chemical concentration. This study analyzes the elemental composition in two anatomical regions from dry femoral bone using a portable X-Ray Fluorescence (pXRF) and evaluates its impact in the bone mineral density (BMD). The left femora of 97 female skeletons (21-95 years old individuals) from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection were studied. Diagenetic biases were discarded at the outset and BMD was determined with Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Chemical measurements were performed at the midpoint of the femoral neck and at the midshaft using a pXRF device, and comparisons were made considering the age and the BMD values. Only elements with a Technical Measurement Error ≤ 5% were selected: P, S, Ca, Fe, Zn, As, Sr, Pb and the Ca/P ratio. Statistically significant differences were found between regions, with higher concentrations of P, Ca, Zn and S at the midshaft, and the Ca/P ratio at the femoral neck. The concentration of P is higher in individuals < 50 years, while S and Ca/P ratio increase in individuals ≥ 50 years. The decrease of P with age can be simultaneously related to the decline of its concentration in osteoporosis. Decreased BMD is also associated with higher levels of S and Pb. Osteoporosis enhances the absorption of osteolytic elements in specific locations. This fast and non-destructive technique has proved effective for the comprehension of chemical changes related to bone mass loss. This study highlights the potential of identified skeletal collections to improve the knowledge about bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Zdral
- Physical Anthropology Unit, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Regulation of Gene Expression During Development Group, Calle Albert Einstein 22, 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - Álvaro M Monge Calleja
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lidia Catarino
- Department of Earth Sciences, Geosciences Center (CGeo), University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Curate
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Luisa Santos
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Pitakarnnop T, Buddhachat K, Pakdeenarong P, Nganvongpanit K. Elemental Distribution in Animal Carpal and Tarsal Bones Using Differences in X-ray Fluorescence Energy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:874-887. [PMID: 32468226 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Little is known as to whether different operating voltages of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) can affect the accuracy rate for species identification. Here, we have addressed this question by comparing the rate of correct species identification using the elemental composition of either the carpal or tarsal bone obtained from a determination of the different energy values of XRF at 15 and 50 kV using energy-dispersive XRF (ED-XRF). Carpal bones were taken from 16 species and tarsal bones from 11 of these species. The data on the elemental profiles were analyzed by stepwise discriminant analysis for species discrimination. The classification results indicated that 94.1% and 63.7% of the originally grouped cases were correctly classified as carpal bones using 15 kV and 50 kV, respectively. Additionally, 69.4% and 77.3% of the originally grouped cases were correctly classified as tarsal bones using 15 kV and 50 kV, respectively. When the datasets of the elemental profiles obtained using two operating voltages were gathered, the classification results of the prediction rate appeared to be more accurate at 89.7% and 90.7% in the carpal and tarsal bones, respectively. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the elemental profiles of bones obtained using two operating voltages could effectively facilitate accurate species discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanita Pitakarnnop
- Forensic Science and Criminal Justice, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
- Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Buddhachat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Excellence Center in Veterinary Bioscience, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pongpitsanu Pakdeenarong
- Forensic Science and Criminal Justice, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Korakot Nganvongpanit
- Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
- Excellence Center in Veterinary Bioscience, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Ballová ZK, Korec F, Pinterová K. Relationship between heavy metal accumulation and histological alterations in voles from alpine and forest habitats of the West Carpathians. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:36411-36426. [PMID: 32562226 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between toxic heavy metals and bio-elements in internal organs and femoral bones and their potential impacts on bone structural properties and renal histopathological changes in bank voles and snow voles were investigated. Our results reveal that heavy metals Hg and Pb accumulate more in femoral bones of alpine habitats than forests. In snow voles, the parameters of the primary osteons' vascular canals (length, average perimeter and area) simultaneously decreased with an increase of Pb and Sr. Wider primary osteons' vascular canals of snow voles contained decreased levels of K, but increased Ba. In bank voles, the number of primary osteons increased in alpine habitats along with K, Hg, and Pb accumulation. In the kidneys of bank voles, rising levels of Rb, Hg, and Zn were detected in alpine habitats. Hg increases the most in kidney tissue from alpine habitats in both vole species, and Hg levels (mean value 0.25 μg/g, max. value 0.55 μg/g) in the renal tissues of bank voles from alpine localities are similar to Hg levels from Hg-polluted industrial areas in other studies. This reflects that alpine areas of the Tatra Mountains are highly contaminated with Hg. The intensity of renal hemosiderosis relates significantly to Zn, Fe, and Cu levels in snow voles, with Fe and Zn levels in bank voles from forest habitats, and with Rb in bank voles from alpine habitats. The intensity of tubule necrosis in renal tissues of bank voles from alpine habitats was negatively related to Se content. In bank voles from forest habitats, significant positive correlations were found between the intensity of glomerular hyperplasia and amounts of Zn. The interactions of the detected element's association with bone tissue and internal organs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kompišová Ballová
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Tatranská Javorina 7, SK-05956, Tatranská Javorina, Slovakia.
| | - Filip Korec
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Tatranská Javorina 7, SK-05956, Tatranská Javorina, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Pinterová
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Tatranská Javorina 7, SK-05956, Tatranská Javorina, Slovakia
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Lehmann EL, Arruda MAZ. Minimalist strategies applied to analysis of forensic samples using elemental and molecular analytical techniques - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1063:9-17. [PMID: 30967190 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Forensic science is an emerging field driven by a number of factors, and the development of different methods of analyses, instruments, and techniques is of great help to experts in the field. Sampling and sample preparation in forensic cases are of utmost importance, and therefore, the methods for processing (or not) the samples are critical for acquiring accurate results. Some alternatives for attaining the minimalist concept, i.e. little or no sample treatment, are discussed in this review. For elemental analysis, analytical techniques, such as X-ray spectrometry, laser-ablation mass spectrometry, laser-induced breakdown spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and optical emission spectrometry, and Mössbauer spectrometry are overviewed. Molecular analysis, such as Raman spectroscopy, and ambient ionization mass spectrometry are discussed. Some representative examples are presented that involve in situ analysis, counterfeit bank notes and documents, post-mortem and bone analyses, and forensic analysis of drugs, glass, fingerprints, biological fluids and explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eraldo Luiz Lehmann
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Group of Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization - GEPAM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Group of Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization - GEPAM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Nganvongpanit K, Buddhachat K, Piboon P, Euppayo T, Mahakkanukrauh P. Variation in elemental composition of human teeth and its application for feasible species identification. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 271:33-42. [PMID: 28056377 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Identifying human remains is a primary task in forensic science. In this study, we propose a possible new technique, handheld X-ray fluorescence (HHXRF), for determining whether a suspected tooth is an authentic human tooth. A total of 444 teeth obtained from 111 human skulls (male=62, female=49) aged between 30-67 years (51.81±8.37 years) were used as subjects. The teeth were scanned by HHXRF to acquire their elemental profile. Differences in elemental composition were analyzed for different tooth positions (numbers 1-32), between crown and root, and between sexes (male and female); also, the proportion of elements in relation to different human ages was examined. Teeth from 20 different animal species, serving as non-human teeth samples, were used to distinguish between human and non-human teeth through a stepwise discriminant analysis. Our results revealed that different tooth positions, different regions (crown and root) of a tooth, and different sexes demonstrated disparities in the proportion of several elements. The accuracy rate of predicting sex based on the elemental profile of human teeth was 65.5%. Likewise, a dissimilar distribution of elements between human and non-human teeth was observed, leading to a high degree of correctness of 83.2% for distinguishing them. In conclusion, elemental analysis by HHXRF could serve as a promising candidate tool for identifying human teeth in forensic science, but is ineffective for sex determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korakot Nganvongpanit
- Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
| | - Kittisak Buddhachat
- Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Promporn Piboon
- Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
| | - Thippaporn Euppayo
- Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Buddhachat K, Klinhom S, Siengdee P, Brown JL, Nomsiri R, Kaewmong P, Thitaram C, Mahakkanukrauh P, Nganvongpanit K. Elemental Analysis of Bone, Teeth, Horn and Antler in Different Animal Species Using Non-Invasive Handheld X-Ray Fluorescence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155458. [PMID: 27196603 PMCID: PMC4873253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralized tissues accumulate elements that play crucial roles in animal health. Although elemental content of bone, blood and teeth of human and some animal species have been characterized, data for many others are lacking, as well as species comparisons. Here we describe the distribution of elements in horn (Bovidae), antler (Cervidae), teeth and bone (humerus) across a number of species determined by handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to better understand differences and potential biological relevance. A difference in elemental profiles between horns and antlers was observed, possibly due to the outer layer of horns being comprised of keratin, whereas antlers are true bone. Species differences in tissue elemental content may be intrinsic, but also related to feeding habits that contribute to mineral accumulation, particularly for toxic heavy metals. One significant finding was a higher level of iron (Fe) in the humerus bone of elephants compared to other species. This may be an adaptation of the hematopoietic system by distributing Fe throughout the bone rather than the marrow, as elephant humerus lacks a marrow cavity. We also conducted discriminant analysis and found XRF was capable of distinguishing samples from different species, with humerus bone being the best source for species discrimination. For example, we found a 79.2% correct prediction and success rate of 80% for classification between human and non-human humerus bone. These findings show that handheld XRF can serve as an effective tool for the biological study of elemental composition in mineralized tissue samples and may have a forensic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittisak Buddhachat
- Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Sarisa Klinhom
- Elephant Research and Education Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Puntita Siengdee
- Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Janine L. Brown
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Species Survival, National Zoological Park 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, United States of America
| | - Raksiri Nomsiri
- Veterinary Conservation and Research Section, Chiang Mai Night Safari, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | | | - Chatchote Thitaram
- Elephant Research and Education Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Korakot Nganvongpanit
- Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Elephant Research and Education Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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