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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. The Cellular and Organismal Effects of Nitroxides and Nitroxide-Containing Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1446. [PMID: 38338725 PMCID: PMC10855878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitroxides are stable free radicals that have antioxidant properties. They react with many types of radicals, including alkyl and peroxyl radicals. They act as mimics of superoxide dismutase and stimulate the catalase activity of hemoproteins. In some situations, they may exhibit pro-oxidant activity, mainly due to the formation of oxoammonium cations as products of their oxidation. In this review, the cellular effects of nitroxides and their effects in animal experiments and clinical trials are discussed, including the beneficial effects in various pathological situations involving oxidative stress, protective effects against UV and ionizing radiation, and prolongation of the life span of cancer-prone mice. Nitroxides were used as active components of various types of nanoparticles. The application of these nanoparticles in cellular and animal experiments is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
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2
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Bujak-Pietrek S, Pieniazek A, Gwozdzinski K, Gwozdzinski L. The Effect of Piperidine Nitroxides on the Properties of Metalloproteins in Human Red Blood Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:6174. [PMID: 37630426 PMCID: PMC10459006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroxides are stable, low molecular-weight radicals containing a nitroxide group that has an unpaired electron. The presence of a nitroxide group determines their redox properties. The effect of the piperidine nitroxides, Tempo, Tempol, and Tempamine, on metalloproteins (hemoglobin, superoxide dismutase, catalase) and lactate dehydrogenase in red blood cells was investigated in this research. In addition, the level of lipid peroxidation and the level of protein carbonyl groups were examined as indicators of the effect of oxidative stress. Nitroxides increased superoxide dismutase activity and oxidized hemoglobin to methemoglobin, and also slightly decreased the catalase activity of red blood cells treated with nitroxides. Tempol significantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity. All three nitroxides had no effect on membrane lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Our results confirm that nitroxides have both antioxidant and prooxidative effects in human red blood cells. The piperidine nitroxides do not initiate the oxidation of proteins and lipids in the membranes of human red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Bujak-Pietrek
- Department of Physical Hazards, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Pieniazek
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.P.); (K.G.)
| | - Lukasz Gwozdzinski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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3
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Laaß K, Quiroz FG, Hunold J, Roberts S, Chilkoti A, Hinderberger D. Nanoscopic Dynamics Dictate the Phase Separation Behavior of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1015-1025. [PMID: 33403854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) in nature may undergo liquid-liquid phase separation to assemble membraneless organelles with varied liquid-like properties and stability/dynamics. While solubility changes underlie these properties, little is known about hydration dynamics in phase-separating IDPs. Here, by studying IDP polymers of similar composition but distinct liquid-like dynamics and stability upon separation, namely, thermal hysteresis, we probe at a nanoscopic level hydration/dehydration dynamics in IDPs as they reversibly switch between phase separation states. Using continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) spectroscopy, we observe distinct backbone and amino acid side-chain hydration dynamics in these IDPs. This nanoscopic view reveals that side-chain rehydration creates a dynamic water shield around the main-chain backbone that effectively and counterintuitively prevents water penetration and governs IDP solubility. We find that the strength of this superficial water shell is a sequence feature of IDPs that encodes for the stability of their phase-separated assemblies. Our findings expose and offer an initial understanding of how the complexity of nanoscopic water-IDP interactions dictate their rich phase separation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Laaß
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Felipe García Quiroz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281, United States
| | - Johannes Hunold
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281, United States
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281, United States
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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4
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Griesser M, Shah R, Van Kessel AT, Zilka O, Haidasz EA, Pratt DA. The Catalytic Reaction of Nitroxides with Peroxyl Radicals and Its Relevance to Their Cytoprotective Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3798-3808. [PMID: 29451786 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sterically-hindered nitroxides such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin- N-oxyl (TEMPO) have long been ascribed antioxidant activity that is thought to underlie their chemopreventive and anti-aging properties. However, the most commonly invoked reactions in this context-combination with an alkyl radical to give a redox inactive alkoxyamine or catalysis of superoxide dismutation-are unlikely to be relevant under (most) physiological conditions. Herein, we characterize the kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of TEMPO, as well as an N-arylnitroxide and an N, N-diarylnitroxide, with alkylperoxyl radicals, the propagating species in lipid peroxidation. In each of aqueous solution and lipid bilayers, they are found to be significantly more reactive than Vitamin E, Nature's premier radical-trapping antioxidant (RTA). Inhibited autoxidations of THF in aqueous buffers reveal that nitroxides reduce peroxyl radicals by electron transfer with rate constants ( k ≈ 106 to >107 M-1 s-1) that correlate with the standard potentials of the nitroxides ( E° ≈ 0.75-0.95 V vs NHE) and that this activity is catalytic in nitroxide. Regeneration of the nitroxide occurs by a two-step process involving hydride transfer from the substrate to the nitroxide-derived oxoammonium ion followed by H-atom transfer from the resultant hydroxylamine to a peroxyl radical. This reactivity extends from aqueous solution to phosphatidylcholine liposomes, where added NADPH can be used as a hydride donor to promote nitroxide recycling, as well as to cell culture, where the nitroxides are shown to be potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation-associated cell death (ferroptosis). These insights have enabled the identification of the most potent nitroxide RTA and anti-ferroptotic agent yet described: phenoxazine- N-oxyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Griesser
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Ron Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Antonius T Van Kessel
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Omkar Zilka
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Evan A Haidasz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
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5
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Widder K, MacEwan SR, Garanger E, Núñez V, Lecommandoux S, Chilkoti A, Hinderberger D. Characterisation of hydration and nanophase separation during the temperature response in hydrophobic/hydrophilic elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) diblock copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:1816-1822. [PMID: 28169384 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02427k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To understand the complex nanoscale dehydration process during the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) based inverse phase transition of a class of thermoresponsive biopolymers, diblock elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) were investigated by spin probing continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) spectroscopy. The diblock copolymers composed of a hydrophobic block and a hydrophilic block showed different mechanisms of a temperature-driven phase transition. While the phase transition temperature is a function of the hydrophobic mass fraction of the diblock ELPs, the hydrophilic block length determines the molecular structure of the polymer aggregates formed above the transition temperature. When the weight ratio of hydrophilic block length to hydrophobic block length is greater than or equal to 0.3, the polymer aggregates consist of a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic corona. The interface of these two regions become permeable at temperatures above the transition temperature. In case of smaller ratios, the aggregating hydrophobic parts of the polymer enclose the hydrated hydrophilic blocks, that are too small to form a hydrophilic corona, leading to bigger and less dense aggregates of higher polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Widder
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Sarah R MacEwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Campus Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Elisabeth Garanger
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux-INP, Pessac 33607 Cedex, France
| | - Vanesa Núñez
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Sébastien Lecommandoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, CNRS UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux-INP, Pessac 33607 Cedex, France
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Campus Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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6
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Zareba M, Widomska J, Burke JM, Subczynski WK. Nitroxide free radicals protect macular carotenoids against chemical destruction (bleaching) during lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:446-454. [PMID: 27840316 PMCID: PMC5154825 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Macular xanthophylls (MXs) lutein and zeaxanthin are dietary carotenoids that are selectively concentrated in the human eye retina, where they are thought to protect against age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by multiple mechanisms, including filtration of phototoxic blue light and quenching of singlet oxygen and triplet states of photosensitizers. These physical protective mechanisms require that MXs be in their intact structure. Here, we investigated the protection of the intact structure of zeaxanthin incorporated into model membranes subjected to oxidative modification by water- and/or membrane-soluble small nitroxide free radicals. Model membranes were formed from saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines (PCs). Oxidative modification involved autoxidation, iron-mediated, and singlet oxygen-mediated lipid peroxidation. The extent of chemical destruction (bleaching) of zeaxanthin was evaluated from its absorption spectra and compared with the extent of lipid peroxidation evaluated using the thiobarbituric acid assay. Nitroxide free radicals with different polarity (membrane/water partition coefficients) were used. The extent of zeaxanthin bleaching increased with membrane unsaturation and correlated with the rate of PC oxidation. Protection of the intact structure of zeaxanthin by membrane-soluble nitroxides was much stronger than that by water-soluble nitroxides. The combination of zeaxanthin and lipid-soluble nitroxides exerted strong synergistic protection against singlet oxygen-induced lipid peroxidation. The synergistic effect may be explained in terms of protection of the intact zeaxanthin structure by effective scavenging of free radicals by nitroxides, therefore allowing zeaxanthin to quench the primary oxidant, singlet oxygen, effectively by the physical protective mechanism. The redox state of nitroxides was monitored using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Both nitroxide free radicals and their reduced form, hydroxylamines, were equally effective. Obtained data were compared with the protective effects of α-tocopherol, which is the natural antioxidant and protector of MXs within the retina. The new strategies employed here to maintain the intact structure of MXs may enhance their protective potential against AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zareba
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - J Widomska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, Lublin, Poland
| | - J M Burke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - W K Subczynski
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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7
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Krudopp H, Sönnichsen FD, Steffen-Heins A. Partitioning of nitroxides in dispersed systems investigated by ultrafiltration, EPR and NMR spectroscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 452:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Hernández G, Bollini A, Mengarelli G, Rasia M, Casco C, Ruiz MF, Visconti M, Huarte M, Rubin de Cellis E, Bazzoni G. Protective effect of quercetin against in vitro erythrocyte rheology alterations produced by arsenic. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2015; 59:355-64. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-141849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Hernández
- Cátedra de Física Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A. Bollini
- Cátedra de Física Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G. Mengarelli
- Cátedra de Física Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M. Rasia
- Cátedra de Física Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - C. Casco
- Cátedra de Física Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ma. F. Ruiz
- Cátedra de Física Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M. Visconti
- Cátedra de Física Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M. Huarte
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E. Rubin de Cellis
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G. Bazzoni
- Cátedra de Física Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Melnyk AK, Sukhoveev OV, Kononets LA, Khilchevsky OM, Shulga SM, Kukhar VP, Vovk AI. An EPR spin probe study of liposomes from sunflower and soybean phospholipids. J Liposome Res 2015; 26:80-6. [PMID: 25945391 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2015.1039031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Comparative properties of lecithin-based liposomes prepared from the mixed phospholipids of sunflower seeds, soybean and egg yolk were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. For these investigations, stable nitroxide radicals, 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl 5,7-dimethyladamantane-1-carboxylate (DMAC-TEMPO), 5-doxylstearic acid (5-DSA) and 16-doxylstearic acid (16-DSA) were used as spin probes. Binding of the spin probes to the liposome membranes resulted in a substantial increase of the apparent rotational diffusion correlation times. The EPR spectra of the incorporated nitroxides underwent temperature-dependent changes. For every spin probe, values of apparent enthalpy and entropy of activation were calculated from the temperature dependence of rotational diffusion correlation times via Arrhenius equation. In case of DMAC-TEMPO, the data point to differences between the phospholipid bilayer of liposomes derived from sunflower and soy lecithin, and some similarity between the sunflower and egg yolk liposomes. Anisotropic hyperfine interaction constants of DMAC-TEMPO and 16-DSA included in the liposomes have been analyzed and attributed to different micropolarity of the surroundings of the spin probes. The kinetics of EPR signal decay of DMAC-TEMPO in the presence of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) suggest the better stability of the sunflower liposomes to lipid peroxidation as compared to the liposomes prepared from soy lecithin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii K Melnyk
- a Department of Bioorganic Mechanisms , Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of NAS of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
- b Department of Sorption and Fine Inorganic Synthesis , Institute for Sorption and Problems of Endoecology , NAS of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine and
| | - Olexandr V Sukhoveev
- a Department of Bioorganic Mechanisms , Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of NAS of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Lyudmyla A Kononets
- a Department of Bioorganic Mechanisms , Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of NAS of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Olexandr M Khilchevsky
- a Department of Bioorganic Mechanisms , Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of NAS of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Serhiy M Shulga
- c Department of Industrial and Food Biotechnology , Institute for Food Biotechnology and Genomics of NAS of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Valery P Kukhar
- a Department of Bioorganic Mechanisms , Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of NAS of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Andriy I Vovk
- a Department of Bioorganic Mechanisms , Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of NAS of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
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Mobbili G, Crucianelli E, Barbon A, Marcaccio M, Pisani M, Dalzini A, Ussano E, Bortolus M, Stipa P, Astolfi P. Liponitroxides: EPR study and their efficacy as antioxidants in lipid membranes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18963b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fighting lipid peroxidation on its own ground: the antioxidant activity of new synthesized lipid-functionalized nitroxides is maximized in the PUFA region and correlates with the nitroxide location within the lipid bilayer as found by EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mobbili
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- I-60131 Ancona
- Italy
| | - Emanuela Crucianelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- I-60131 Ancona
- Italy
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Università di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- I-40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Michela Pisani
- Department of Materials
- Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- I-60131 Ancona
- Italy
| | - Annalisa Dalzini
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Università di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Eleonora Ussano
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- I-40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Marco Bortolus
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Università di Padova
- I-35131 Padova
- Italy
- Department of Material Sciences
| | - Pierluigi Stipa
- Department of Materials
- Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- I-60131 Ancona
- Italy
| | - Paola Astolfi
- Department of Materials
- Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning
- Università Politecnica delle Marche
- I-60131 Ancona
- Italy
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Palmina NP, Maltseva EL, Chasovskaya TE, Kasparov VV, Bogdanova NG, Menshov VA, Trofimov AV. Effects of Different Phases of Cigarette Smoke on Lipid Peroxidation and Membrane Structure in Liposomes. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper discloses for the first time the effects of the gas phase (GP) and the tar of cigarette smoke on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and on the structure of different lipid regions in liposomes. The LPO development was analysed in terms of the total unsaturation of lipids (double-bond, DB, content) and the formation of dienic conjugates (DC), ketodienes (KD), and malonic dialdehyde (MDA). As expected, the exposure of liposomes to either the GP or the tar led to a significant decrease in the DB content. However, the formation of oxidation products revealed different dynamics: MDA generation was inhibited, while the formation of DC and KD increased during the first few hours of the LPO development followed by its inhibition. The smoke constituents exhibited opposite effects on the structure of the lipid bilayer of liposomes: the GP markedly enhanced the microviscosity of liposomal membranes, whereas the tar caused a drastic lowering of microviscosity.
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12
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Kurzbach D, Hassouneh W, McDaniel JR, Jaumann EA, Chilkoti A, Hinderberger D. Hydration layer coupling and cooperativity in phase behavior of stimulus responsive peptide polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:11299-308. [PMID: 23822733 PMCID: PMC4167343 DOI: 10.1021/ja4047872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is shown that hydrophilic (backbone) and hydrophobic (side chain) hydration layers of elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), a class of stimulus responsive peptide polymers that exhibit lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase transition behavior, can exist in a coupled and decoupled state. The decoupled hydration state consists of hydrophobic and hydrophilic hydration layers that respond independently to temperature, while the coupled hydration state is characterized by a common, cooperative dehydration of both hydration layers. It is further shown that the primary sequence of an ELP can be tuned to exhibit either of the hydration layer coupling modes. Charged side chains lead to decoupling, while strongly hydrophobic side chains trigger stronger interaction between hydrophilic and hydrophobic hydration, leading to coupling of both layers. Further, for aprotic residues this coupling is fostered by decreasing bulkiness of hydrophobic side chains due to larger hydration numbers and water molecules mediating coupling between side chain and backbone hydration shells. For coupled hydration shells, the LCST phase transition characterized by spin probing continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is reminiscent of a first-order process even on nanoscopic length scales. In contrast, analogous synthetic polymers exhibit nanoscale phase transitions over a broad temperature range, indicating that their nanoscale phase behavior is not of first order. Hence, our results indicate that ELPs are the first identified class of polymers that exhibit a first-order inverse phase transition on nanoscopic length scales. These results may also provide insights into the role of hydration layers in governing the structure-function relationship of intrinsically disordered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kurzbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wafa Hassouneh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708-0281, USA
| | - Jonathan R. McDaniel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708-0281, USA
| | - Eva A. Jaumann
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708-0281, USA
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Chasovskaya TE, Plashchina IG, Pal’mina NP. Physicochemical alterations in liposomes induced by low concentrations of synthetic antioxidant potassium phenosan. DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012501613040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Yamasaki T, Ito Y, Mito F, Kitagawa K, Matsuoka Y, Yamato M, Yamada KI. Structural Concept of Nitroxide As a Lipid Peroxidation Inhibitor. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4144-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200361p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Yamasaki
- Department of Bio-functional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of Bio-functional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumiya Mito
- Department of Bio-functional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kana Kitagawa
- Department of Bio-functional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Matsuoka
- Department of Bio-functional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamato
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamada
- Department of Bio-functional Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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15
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Vovk AI, Shivanyuk AM, Bugas RV, Muzychka OV, Melnyk AK. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of resorcinarene tetranitroxides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1314-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Trnka J, Blaikie FH, Smith RAJ, Murphy MP. A mitochondria-targeted nitroxide is reduced to its hydroxylamine by ubiquinol in mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1406-19. [PMID: 18206669 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Piperidine nitroxides such as TEMPOL act as antioxidants in vivo due to their interconversion among nitroxide, hydroxylamine, and oxoammonium derivatives, but the mechanistic details of these reactions are unclear. As mitochondria are a significant site of piperidine nitroxide metabolism and action, we synthesized a mitochondria-targeted nitroxide, MitoTEMPOL, by conjugating TEMPOL to the lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation. MitoTEMPOL was accumulated several hundred-fold into energized mitochondria where it was reduced to the hydroxylamine by direct reaction with ubiquinol. This reaction occurred by transfer of H() from ubiquinol to the nitroxide, with the ubisemiquinone radical product predominantly dismutating to ubiquinone and ubiquinol, together with a small amount reacting with oxygen to form superoxide. The piperidine nitroxides TEMPOL, TEMPO, and butylTEMPOL reacted similarly with ubiquinol in organic solvents but in mitochondrial membranes the rates varied in the order: MitoTEMPOL > butylTEMPOL > TEMPO > TEMPOL, which correlated with the extent of access of the nitroxide moiety to ubiquinol within the membrane. These findings suggest ways of using mitochondria-targeted compounds to modulate the coenzyme Q pool within mitochondria in vivo, and indicate that the antioxidant effects of mitochondria-targeted piperidine nitroxides can be ascribed to their corresponding hydroxylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Trnka
- Medical Research Council Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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17
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Solanki AB, Parikh JR, Parikh RH. Formulation and optimization of piroxicam proniosomes by 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:E86. [PMID: 18181547 PMCID: PMC2750377 DOI: 10.1208/pt0804086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the combined influence of 3 independent variables in the preparation of piroxicam proniosomes by the slurry method. A 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design was used to derive a second-order polynomial equation and construct contour plots to predict responses. The independent variables selected were molar ratio of Span 60:cholesterol (X(1)), surfactant loading (X(2)), and amount of drug (X(3)). Fifteen batches were prepared by the slurry method and evaluated for percentage drug entrapment (PDE) and vesicle size. The transformed values of the independent variables and the PDE (dependent variable) were subjected to multiple regression to establish a full-model second-order polynomial equation. F was calculated to confirm the omission of insignificant terms from the full-model equation to derive a reduced-model polynomial equation to predict the PDE of proniosome-derived niosomes. Contour plots were constructed to show the effects of X(1), X(2) and X(3) on the PDE. A model was validated for accurate prediction of the PDE by performing checkpoint analysis. The computer optimization process and contour plots predicted the levels of independent variables X(1), X(2), and X(3) (0, -0.158 and -0.158 respectively), for maximized response of PDE with constraints on vesicle size. The Box-Behnken design demonstrated the role of the derived equation and contour plots in predicting the values of dependent variables for the preparation and optimization of piroxicam proniosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay B Solanki
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, A. R. College of Pharmacy & G. H. Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Gujarat, India.
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18
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Garg M, Dutta T, Jain NK. Stability study of stavudine-loaded O-palmitoyl-anchored carbohydrate-coated liposomes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:Article 38. [PMID: 17622116 DOI: 10.1208/pt0802038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical stability of carbohydrate-anchored liposomes. In the present study, carbohydrate (galactose, fucose, and mannose) was palmitoylated and anchored on the surface of positively charged liposomes (PL). The stabilities of plain neutral liposomes (NL), PL, and O-palmitoyl carbohydrate-anchored liposomes were determined. The effects of storage conditions (4 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C, 25 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C/60% +/- 5% relative humidity [RH], or 40 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C/75% +/- 5% RH for a period of 10, 20, and 30 days) were observed on the vesicle size, shape, zeta potential, drug content, and in vitro ligand agglutination assay by keeping the liposomal formulations in sealed amber-colored vials (10-mL capacity) after flushing with nitrogen. The stability of liposomal formulations was found to be temperature dependent. All the liposomal formulations were found to be stable at 4 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C up to 1 month. Storage at 25 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C/60% +/- 5% RH and 40 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C/75% +/- 5% RH adversely affected uncoated liposomal formulations. Carbohydrate coating of the liposomes could enhance the stability of liposomes at 25 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C/60% +/- 5% RH and 40 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C/75% +/- 5% RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Garg
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar, MP, India.
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19
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Zhu N, Cui FZ, Hu K, Zhu L. Biomedical modification of poly(L-lactide) by blending with lecithin. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 82:455-61. [PMID: 17295251 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lecithin was, for the first time, blended with PLLA to prepare scaffold material for tissue engineering applications in the present study. Solution blending was used to incorporate Lecithin (containing 0-10 wt %) with PLLA to enhance the blend films biocompatibility, hydrophilicity and toughness while maintaining mechanical strength of PLLA. The results of FTIR-ATR analysis indicated that the amino groups of lecitin existed in the films. DSC analysis indicated that T(g) decreased with the increase of lecithin content in the blend films. The percentage elongation markedly increased with increase of lecithin content. The proliferation and viability of the vascular smooth muscle cell cultures on PLLA/Lecithin (containing 3-7 wt %) films were significantly enhanced compared to pure PLLA on tissue culture plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zhu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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20
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Voszka I, Budai M, Szabó Z, Maillard P, Csík G, Gróf P. Interaction of photosensitizers with liposomes containing unsaturated lipid. Chem Phys Lipids 2006; 145:63-71. [PMID: 17118350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Small unilamellar liposomes were made of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine and dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine, and photosensitized by a symmetrically or an asymmetrically substituted glycosilated tetraphenyl-porphyrin derivative. As differential scanning calorimetry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) revealed these porphyrin derivatives were localized in different depth within the lipid bilayer. Both porphyrin derivatives were able to induce photoreaction and consequent structural changes in the membrane. 5-, 12-, or 16-doxyl stearic acid labeled lipid bilayers were applied and the efficiency of photoinduced reaction was followed by the decay of their EPR signal amplitude. Light dose-dependent destruction of nitroxide radical proved to be dependent on the position of spin label. In this process the porphyrin localized in closer connection with the double bond of unsaturated fatty acid was more effective. EPR signal decay was also dependent on the unsaturated fatty acid content of the liposome and the oxygen saturation of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Voszka
- Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Puskin Street 9, POB 263, Budapest H-1444, Hungary.
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21
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Kuo JHS, Jan MS, Jeng J, Chiu HW. Induction of apoptosis in macrophages by air oxidation of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol. J Control Release 2005; 108:442-52. [PMID: 16183161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Revised: 07/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) containing unsaturated sites is the target of oxidation during preparation, storage, or in vivo use of anionic liposomes. We investigated the biological effect of air oxidation of DOPG on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage-like cells. Oxidation was induced by exposing DOPG to air for 24-72 h. The extent of air oxidation was confirmed using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization with Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The product of the air oxidation of DOPG was identified as the addition of one oxygen atom to one of the symmetrical fatty moieties of DOPG at m/z 814.77. The treatment of DOPG with air oxidation produced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in macrophages. RAW 264.7 cells exposed to oxidized DOPG exhibited morphological features of apoptosis, such as chromatin condensation and cell shrinkage. Typical apoptotic ladders were observed in DNA extracted from RAW 264.7 cells treated with oxidized DOPG. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated an increase in the hypodiploid DNA population (sub-G1), indicating that DNA cleavage occurred after treatment with oxidized DOPG. In addition, we showed that pretreating RAW 264.7 cells with zVAD-fmk, a general caspase inhibitor, did not prevent apoptosis induced by oxidized DOPG, suggesting that apoptosis in macrophage cells follows a caspase-independent pathway. These results point to a need for precaution in formulating DOPG liposomes for drug delivery and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hua Steven Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, 60 Erh-Jen Rd., Sec. 1, Jen-Te, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
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