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Chinopoulos C. Complex I activity in hypoxia: implications for oncometabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:529-538. [PMID: 38526218 PMCID: PMC11088919 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Certain cancer cells within solid tumors experience hypoxia, rendering them incapable of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Despite this oxygen deficiency, these cells exhibit biochemical pathway activity that relies on NAD+. This mini-review scrutinizes the persistent, residual Complex I activity that oxidizes NADH in the absence of oxygen as the electron acceptor. The resulting NAD+ assumes a pivotal role in fueling the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, a critical component in the oxidative decarboxylation branch of glutaminolysis - a hallmark oncometabolic pathway. The proposition is that through glutamine catabolism, high-energy phosphate intermediates are produced via substrate-level phosphorylation in the mitochondrial matrix substantiated by succinyl-CoA ligase, partially compensating for an OXPHOS deficiency. These insights provide a rationale for exploring Complex I inhibitors in cancer treatment, even when OXPHOS functionality is already compromised.
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Sørensen M, Pershagen G, Thacher JD, Lanki T, Wicki B, Röösli M, Vienneau D, Cantuaria ML, Schmidt JH, Aasvang GM, Al-Kindi S, Osborne MT, Wenzel P, Sastre J, Fleming I, Schulz R, Hahad O, Kuntic M, Zielonka J, Sies H, Grune T, Frenis K, Münzel T, Daiber A. Health position paper and redox perspectives - Disease burden by transportation noise. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102995. [PMID: 38142584 PMCID: PMC10788624 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transportation noise is a ubiquitous urban exposure. In 2018, the World Health Organization concluded that chronic exposure to road traffic noise is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease. In contrast, they concluded that the quality of evidence for a link to other diseases was very low to moderate. Since then, several studies on the impact of noise on various diseases have been published. Also, studies investigating the mechanistic pathways underlying noise-induced health effects are emerging. We review the current evidence regarding effects of noise on health and the related disease-mechanisms. Several high-quality cohort studies consistently found road traffic noise to be associated with a higher risk of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, diabetes, and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, recent studies have indicated that road traffic and railway noise may increase the risk of diseases not commonly investigated in an environmental noise context, including breast cancer, dementia, and tinnitus. The harmful effects of noise are related to activation of a physiological stress response and nighttime sleep disturbance. Oxidative stress and inflammation downstream of stress hormone signaling and dysregulated circadian rhythms are identified as major disease-relevant pathomechanistic drivers. We discuss the role of reactive oxygen species and present results from antioxidant interventions. Lastly, we provide an overview of oxidative stress markers and adverse redox processes reported for noise-exposed animals and humans. This position paper summarizes all available epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical evidence of transportation noise as an important environmental risk factor for public health and discusses its implications on the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Sørensen
- Work, Environment and Cancer, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark.
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesse Daniel Thacher
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Timo Lanki
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Benedikt Wicki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuella Lech Cantuaria
- Work, Environment and Cancer, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Unit for ORL - Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hvass Schmidt
- Research Unit for ORL - Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gunn Marit Aasvang
- Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Michael T Osborne
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Juan Sastre
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Helmut Sies
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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3
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Santamans AM, Cicuéndez B, Mora A, Villalba-Orero M, Rajlic S, Crespo M, Vo P, Jerome M, Macías Á, López JA, Leiva M, Rocha SF, León M, Rodríguez E, Leiva L, Pintor Chocano A, García Lunar I, García-Álvarez A, Hernansanz-Agustín P, Peinado VI, Barberá JA, Ibañez B, Vázquez J, Spinelli JB, Daiber A, Oliver E, Sabio G. MCJ: A mitochondrial target for cardiac intervention in pulmonary hypertension. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6524. [PMID: 38241373 PMCID: PMC10798563 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can affect both pulmonary arterial tree and cardiac function, often leading to right heart failure and death. Despite the urgency, the lack of understanding has limited the development of effective cardiac therapeutic strategies. Our research reveals that MCJ modulates mitochondrial response to chronic hypoxia. MCJ levels elevate under hypoxic conditions, as in lungs of patients affected by COPD, mice exposed to hypoxia, and myocardium from pigs subjected to right ventricular (RV) overload. The absence of MCJ preserves RV function, safeguarding against both cardiac and lung remodeling induced by chronic hypoxia. Cardiac-specific silencing is enough to protect against cardiac dysfunction despite the adverse pulmonary remodeling. Mechanistically, the absence of MCJ triggers a protective preconditioning state mediated by the ROS/mTOR/HIF-1α axis. As a result, it preserves RV systolic function following hypoxia exposure. These discoveries provide a potential avenue to alleviate chronic hypoxia-induced PH, highlighting MCJ as a promising target against this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén M. Santamans
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cicuéndez
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mora
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Organ crosstalk in metabolic diseases groupOrgan crosstalk in metabolic diseases group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villalba-Orero
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sanela Rajlic
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Medicine Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - María Crespo
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Vo
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester MA 01605
| | - Madison Jerome
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester MA 01605
| | - Álvaro Macías
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio López
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Novel mechanisms of Atherocleroclerosis Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Leiva
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana F. Rocha
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta León
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Rodríguez
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Organ crosstalk in metabolic diseases groupOrgan crosstalk in metabolic diseases group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Leiva
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Organ crosstalk in metabolic diseases groupOrgan crosstalk in metabolic diseases group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Pintor Chocano
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés García Lunar
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital La Moraleja, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana García-Álvarez
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínic Barcelona-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernansanz-Agustín
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor I. Peinado
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Albert Barberá
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibañez
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Novel mechanisms of Atherocleroclerosis Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica B. Spinelli
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester MA 01605
- UMass Chan Medical School Cancer Center, Worcester MA 01605
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Medicine Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eduardo Oliver
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Brain Function Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Organ crosstalk in metabolic diseases groupOrgan crosstalk in metabolic diseases group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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Barron M, Hayes H, Bice Z, Pritchard K, Kindel TL. Sleeve Gastrectomy Provides Cardioprotection from Oxidative Stress In Vitro Due to Reduction of Circulating Myeloperoxidase. Nutrients 2023; 15:4776. [PMID: 38004170 PMCID: PMC10675224 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery, including sleeve gastrectomy (SG), improves systolic and diastolic function, which is independent of weight loss in rodent models. The cause of weight loss-independent improvements in cardiac function are unknown but may originate from the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we investigated whether a circulating blood factor is a mechanism for acute cardioprotection after SG by testing the utility of rodent SG plasma to reduce metabolic stress in vitro. For the initial experiment, obese male Zucker rats underwent SG, ad lib sham, or pair-fed sham surgeries (n = six SG, n = eight SH, n = eight PF). For all other studies, a second group of Zucker rats underwent SG or ad lib sham surgeries (n = eight SH, n = six SG). Six weeks following surgery, plasma was collected from each group, both in the fasting and post-prandial (pp) state. This plasma was then pooled per surgical group and nutrient state and tested in multiple in vitro cell culture and extra-cellular assays to determine the effect of SG on myotubular metabolic stress compared to the sham surgeries. Post-prandial SG plasma (ppSG), but not fasting SG, pp, or fasting sham plasma, reduced the metabolic stress of the H9c2 cells as measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (p < 0.01). Unlike SG, weight reduction through pair-feeding did not prevent H9c2 metabolic stress. The PpSG plasma had the slowest rate of extracellular hydrogen peroxide consumption and peroxidatic activity compared to the pp sham, fasting SG, and fasting sham groups. Redox testing of plasma with aminiobenzoic acid hydrazide and edaravone suggested a pattern supporting myeloperoxidase (MPO), or other peroxidases, as the primary component responsible for reduced metabolic stress with ppSG plasma. The PpSG plasma contained 35% less circulating MPO protein as compared to the pp sham and fasting SG plasma. The plasma from an MPO global knockout rat also prevented metabolic stress of the H9c2 cells, compared to the significant increase in LDH release from the plasma of the WT controls (p < 0.01). The MPO global knockout plasma also had a rate of extracellular hydrogen peroxide consumption and peroxidatic activity comparable to the ppSG plasma. These studies suggest that one of the weight loss-independent mechanisms by which SG improves myocellular function could be a reduced pro-oxidative environment due to lower circulating levels of MPO. It appears that the gastrointestinal tract is of critical importance to these findings, as the MPO levels were only lowered after enteral, nutrient stimulation in the SG rats. If this surgical effect is confirmed in humans, SG may be a unique surgical treatment for multiple diseases with a pathogenesis of inflammation and oxidative damage, including obesity-associated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Barron
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8900 W. Doyne Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.B.); (H.H.)
| | - Hailey Hayes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8900 W. Doyne Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.B.); (H.H.)
| | - Zachary Bice
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Z.B.); (K.P.)
| | - Kirkwood Pritchard
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (Z.B.); (K.P.)
| | - Tammy Lyn Kindel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8900 W. Doyne Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.B.); (H.H.)
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Vigder N, Suarna C, Corcilius L, Nadel J, Chen W, Payne R, Tumanov S, Stocker R. An improved method for the detection of myeloperoxidase chlorinating activity in biological systems using the redox probe hydroethidine. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:23-35. [PMID: 36565892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of the redox probe hydroethidine (HE) to 2-chloroethidium (2-Cl-E+) by myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived hypochlorous acid (HOCl) provides comparable specificity and superior sensitivity to measurement of 3-chlorotyrosine (3-Cl-Tyr), the gold standard biomarker for MPO chlorinating activity in biological systems. However, a limitation of the former method is the complex mixture of products formed by the reaction of HE with reagent HOCl, coupled with the difficult purification of 2-Cl-E+ from this mixture for analytical purposes. This limitation prompted us to test whether 2-Cl-E+ could be formed by reaction of HE with the strong and widely used chlorinating agent, N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS). Unexpectedly, such reaction yielded 2-chlorohydroethidine (2-Cl-HE) as the major product in addition to 2-Cl-E+, as assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 2-Cl-HE was also observed to be the major chlorination product formed from HE with both reagent and enzymatically generated HOCl, just as it was formed ex vivo in different healthy and diseased mouse and human tissues upon incubation with glucose/glucose oxidase to generate a flux of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Quantification of 2-Cl-HE plus 2-Cl-E+ improved the sensitivity of the HE-based method compared with measurement of only 2-Cl-E+. Moreover, 2-chlorodimidium (2-Cl-D+) was developed as a practical internal standard instead of the previously used internal standard, deuterated 2-Cl-E+ (d5-2-Cl-E+). Overall, the present study describes an improved method for the detection of MPO/chlorinating activity in biological systems of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niv Vigder
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cacang Suarna
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leo Corcilius
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Nadel
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sergey Tumanov
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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6
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Joseph A, Wagner AM, Garay-Sarmiento M, Aleksanyan M, Haraszti T, Söder D, Georgiev VN, Dimova R, Percec V, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C. Zwitterionic Dendrimersomes: A Closer Xenobiotic Mimic of Cell Membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206288. [PMID: 36134536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Building functional mimics of cell membranes is an important task toward the development of synthetic cells. So far, lipid and amphiphilic block copolymers are the most widely used amphiphiles with the bilayers by the former lacking stability while membranes by the latter are typically characterized by very slow dynamics. Herein, a new type of Janus dendrimer containing a zwitterionic phosphocholine hydrophilic headgroup (JDPC ) and a 3,5-substituted dihydrobenzoate-based hydrophobic dendron is introduced. JDPC self-assembles in water into zwitterionic dendrimersomes (z-DSs) that faithfully recapitulate the cell membrane in thickness, flexibility, and fluidity, while being resilient to harsh conditions and displaying faster pore closing dynamics in the event of membrane rupture. This enables the fabrication of hybrid DSs with components of natural membranes, including pore-forming peptides, structure-directing lipids, and glycans to create raft-like domains or onion vesicles. Moreover, z-DSs can be used to create active synthetic cells with life-like features that mimic vesicle fusion and motility as well as environmental sensing. Despite their fully synthetic nature, z-DSs are minimal cell mimics that can integrate and interact with living matter with the programmability to imitate life-like features and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Joseph
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna M Wagner
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Manuela Garay-Sarmiento
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Chair of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mina Aleksanyan
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik Söder
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vasil N Georgiev
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104323, USA
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Bioinspired Interactive Materials and Protocellular Systems, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Lee HY, Lee GH, Hoang TH, Park SA, Lee J, Lim J, Sa S, Kim GE, Han JS, Kim J, Chae HJ. d-Allulose Ameliorates Hyperglycemia Through IRE1α Sulfonation-RIDD- Sirt1 Decay Axis in the Skeletal Muscle. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:229-245. [PMID: 35166127 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aims: The skeletal muscle maintains glucose disposal via insulin signaling and glucose transport. The progression of diabetes and insulin resistance is critically influenced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. d-Allulose, a low-calorie sugar substitute, has shown crucial physiological activities under conditions involving hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms of d-allulose in the progression of diabetes have not been fully elucidated. Here, we evaluated the effect of d-allulose on hyperglycemia-associated ER stress responses in human skeletal myoblasts (HSkM) and db/db diabetic and high-fat diet-fed mice. Results: d-allulose effectively controlled glycemic markers such as insulin and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), showing anti-diabetic effects by inhibiting the disruption of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression, in which the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway is involved. The levels of glucose dysmetabolism-based NADPH oxidase, such as NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase (Nox) 4, were highly increased, and their interaction with IRE1α and the resultant sulfonation-regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD)-Sirt1 decay were also highly increased under diabetic conditions, which were controlled with d-allulose treatment. Skeletal muscle cells grown with a high glucose medium supplemented with d-allulose showed controlled IRE1α sulfonation-RIDD-Sirt1 decay, in which Nox4 was involved. Innovation and Conclusion: The study observations indicate that d-allulose contributes to the muscular glucose disposal in the diabetic state where ER-localized Nox4-induced IRE1α sulfonation results in the decay of Sirt1, a core factor for controlling glucose metabolism. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 229-245.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea.,Non-Clinical Evaluation Center Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Geum-Hwa Lee
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - The-Hiep Hoang
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seon-Ah Park
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Juwon Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Junghyun Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Soonok Sa
- Food Biotech R&D Center, Samyang Corp., Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Go Eun Kim
- Food Biotech R&D Center, Samyang Corp., Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Jung Sook Han
- Food Biotech R&D Center, Samyang Corp., Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.,School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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8
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Milliken AS, Nadtochiy SM, Brookes PS. Inhibiting Succinate Release Worsens Cardiac Reperfusion Injury by Enhancing Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026135. [PMID: 35766275 PMCID: PMC9333399 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The metabolite succinate accumulates during cardiac ischemia. Within 5 minutes of reperfusion, succinate returns to baseline levels via both its release from cells and oxidation by mitochondrial complex II. The latter drives reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and subsequent opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) pore, leading to cell death. Targeting succinate dynamics (accumulation/oxidation/release) may be therapeutically beneficial in cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. It has been proposed that blocking MCT1 (monocarboxylate transporter 1) may be beneficial in IR injury, by preventing succinate release and subsequent engagement of downstream inflammatory signaling pathways. In contrast, herein we hypothesized that blocking MCT1 would retain succinate in cells, exacerbating ROS generation and IR injury. Methods and Results Using the mitochondrial ROS probe mitoSOX and a custom‐built murine heart perfusion rig built into a spectrofluorometer, we measured ROS generation in situ during the first moments of reperfusion. We found that acute MCT1 inhibition enhanced mitochondrial ROS generation at reperfusion and worsened IR injury (recovery of function and infarct size). Both of these effects were abrogated by tandem inhibition of mitochondrial complex II, suggesting that succinate retention worsens IR because it drives more mitochondrial ROS generation. Furthermore, using the PT pore inhibitor cyclosporin A, along with monitoring of PT pore opening via the mitochondrial membrane potential indicator tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester, we herein provide evidence that ROS generation during early reperfusion is upstream of the PT pore, not downstream as proposed by others. In addition, pore opening was exacerbated by MCT1 inhibition. Conclusions Together, these findings highlight the importance of succinate dynamics and mitochondrial ROS generation as key determinants of PT pore opening and IR injury outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Milliken
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY
| | - Sergiy M Nadtochiy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY
| | - Paul S Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY
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9
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Li Y, Feng G. TLR4 inhibitor alleviates sepsis-induced organ failure by inhibiting platelet mtROS production, autophagy, and GPIIb/IIIa expression. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2022; 54:155-162. [PMID: 35676565 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-022-09940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia and impaired platelet function are associated with sepsis-induced organ failure. Numerous studies have shown that mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and autophagy are related to organ injury in sepsis. However, the relationships between platelet mtROS, autophagy and sepsis organ failure remain unclear. Herein, we explored whether toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor alleviates sepsis organ failure by inhibiting platelet mtROS production, autophagy, and GPIIb/IIIa expression.Mice were administrated with LPS, LPS + TAK242 or vehicle. The lungs and kidneys were harvested and analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining assay. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) was isolated from blood and platelets aggregation and TLR4 expression were analyzed using flow cytometer and western blot. PRP from healthy volunteers was treated with saline, LPS, or LPS + TAK242, and then mitoSOX and calcium were detected using flow cytometer, and NOX2 and LC3B were tested using western blot.Results showed that TAK242 effectively alleviated LPS-induced acute kidney and lung injury in mice, and decreased CD41 expression more significantly than CD62P. In vitro, by inhibiting TLR4, TAK242 suppressed Ca2+, mitoSOX fluorescence, NOX2 expression and LC3BII/LC3BI ratio in LPS treated platelets.TLR4 inhibitor TAK242 may effectively alleviate mouse lung and kidney injury by inhibition of mouse platelet GPIIb/IIIa, and reduce LPS-induced mtROS generation related to Ca2+ influx, thus reducing platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Hematology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Feng
- Department of Nutrition, the Third Xiangya Hospital, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Tomczyk MM, Cheung KG, Xiang B, Tamanna N, Fonseca Teixeira AL, Agarwal P, Kereliuk SM, Spicer V, Lin L, Treberg J, Tong Q, Dolinsky VW. Mitochondrial Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) Prevents Doxorubicin-Induced Dilated Cardiomyopathy by Modulating Protein Acetylation and Oxidative Stress. Circ Heart Fail 2022; 15:e008547. [PMID: 35418250 PMCID: PMC9117478 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.008547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High doses of doxorubicin put cancer patients at risk for developing dilated cardiomyopathy. Previously, we showed that doxorubicin treatment decreases SIRT3 (sirtuin 3), the main mitochondrial deacetylase and increases protein acetylation in rat cardiomyocytes. Here, we hypothesize that SIRT3 expression can attenuate doxorubicin induced dilated cardiomyopathy in vivo by preventing the acetylation of mitochondrial proteins. METHODS Nontransgenic, M3-SIRT3 (truncated SIRT3; short isoform), and M1-SIRT3 (full-length SIRT3; mitochondrial localized) transgenic mice were treated with doxorubicin for 4 weeks (8 mg/kg body weight per week). Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac structure and function and validated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (n=4-10). Mass spectrometry was performed on cardiac mitochondrial peptides in saline (n=6) and doxorubicin (n=5) treated hearts. Validation was performed in doxorubicin treated primary rat and human induced stem cell derived cardiomyocytes transduced with adenoviruses for M3-SIRT3 and M1-SIRT3 and deacetylase deficient mutants (n=4-10). RESULTS Echocardiography revealed that M3-SIRT3 transgenic mice were partially resistant to doxorubicin induced changes to cardiac structure and function whereas M1-SIRT3 expression prevented cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. In doxorubicin hearts, 37 unique acetylation sites on mitochondrial proteins were altered. Pathway analysis revealed these proteins are involved in energy production, fatty acid metabolism, and oxidative stress resistance. Increased M1-SIRT3 expression in primary rat and human cardiomyocytes attenuated doxorubicin-induced superoxide formation, whereas deacetylase deficient mutants were unable to prevent oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Doxorubicin reduced SIRT3 expression and markedly affected the cardiac mitochondrial acetylome. Increased M1-SIRT3 expression in vivo prevented doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction, suggesting that SIRT3 could be a potential therapeutic target for mitigating doxorubicin-induced dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz M Tomczyk
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba' Winnipeg' Canada (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.W.D.).,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.W.D.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Medicine (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.S., V.W.D.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kyle G Cheung
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba' Winnipeg' Canada (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.W.D.).,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.W.D.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Medicine (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.S., V.W.D.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Bo Xiang
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba' Winnipeg' Canada (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.W.D.).,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.W.D.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Medicine (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.S., V.W.D.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nahid Tamanna
- Department of Biological Sciences (N.T., A.L.F.T., J.T.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ana L Fonseca Teixeira
- Department of Biological Sciences (N.T., A.L.F.T., J.T.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Prasoon Agarwal
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba' Winnipeg' Canada (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.W.D.).,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.W.D.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Medicine (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.S., V.W.D.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Stockholm, Sweden (P.A.).,Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (P.A.)
| | - Stephanie M Kereliuk
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba' Winnipeg' Canada (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.W.D.).,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.W.D.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Medicine (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.S., V.W.D.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Victor Spicer
- Department of Internal Medicine (V.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Medicine (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.S., V.W.D.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Manitoba Center for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, Canada (V.S.)
| | - Ligen Lin
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (L.L., Q.T.).,Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, China (L.L.)
| | - Jason Treberg
- Department of Biological Sciences (N.T., A.L.F.T., J.T.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Qiang Tong
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (L.L., Q.T.)
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba' Winnipeg' Canada (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.W.D.).,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.W.D.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Medicine (M.M.T., K.G.C., B.X., P.A., S.M.K., V.S., V.W.D.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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11
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Yamasaki T, Sano K, Mukai T. Redox Monitoring in Nuclear Medical Imaging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:797-810. [PMID: 34847731 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The imbalance in redox homeostasis is known as oxidative stress, which is relevant to many diseases such as cancer, arteriosclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the factors that trigger the redox state imbalance in vivo. The ROS have high reactivity and impair biomolecules, whereas antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate and glutathione, reduce the overproduction of ROS to rectify the redox imbalance. Owing to this, redox monitoring tools have been developed to understand the redox fluctuations in oxidative stress-related diseases. Recent Advances: In an attempt to monitor redox substances, including ROS and radical species, versatile modalities have been developed, such as electron spin resonance, chemiluminescence, and fluorescence. In particular, many fluorescent probes have been developed that are selective for ROS. This has significantly contributed to understanding the relevance of ROS in disease onset and progression. Critical Issues: To date, the dynamics of ROS and radical fluctuation in in vivo redox states remain unclear, and there are a few methods for the in vivo detection of redox fluctuations. Future Directions: In this review, we summarize the development of radiolabeled probes for monitoring redox-relevant species by nuclear medical imaging that is applicable in vivo. In the future, translational research is likely to be advanced through the development of highly sensitive and in vivo applicable detection methods, such as nuclear medical imaging, to clarify the underlying dynamics of ROS, radicals, and redox substances in many diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 797-810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kohei Sano
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mukai
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
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12
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Ayer A, Fazakerley DJ, James DE, Stocker R. The role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in insulin resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:339-362. [PMID: 34775001 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the earliest pathological features of a suite of diseases including type 2 diabetes collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. There is a growing body of evidence from both pre-clinical studies and human cohorts indicating that reactive oxygen species, such as the superoxide radical anion and hydrogen peroxide are key players in the development of insulin resistance. Here we review the evidence linking mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generated within mitochondria with insulin resistance in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, two major insulin sensitive tissues. We outline the relevant mitochondria-derived reactive species, how the mitochondrial redox state is regulated, and methodologies available to measure mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Importantly, we highlight key experimental issues to be considered when studying the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in insulin resistance. Evaluating the available literature on both mitochondrial reactive oxygen species/redox state and insulin resistance in a variety of biological systems, we conclude that the weight of evidence suggests a likely role for mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in the etiology of insulin resistance in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. However, major limitations in the methods used to study reactive oxygen species in insulin resistance as well as the lack of data linking mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and cytosolic insulin signaling pathways are significant obstacles in proving the mechanistic link between these two processes. We provide a framework to guide future studies to provide stronger mechanistic information on the link between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and insulin resistance as understanding the source, localization, nature, and quantity of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, their targets and downstream signaling pathways may pave the way for important new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ayer
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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13
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Bonet-Aleta J, Encinas-Gimenez M, Urriolabeitia E, Martin-Duque P, Hueso JL, Santamaria J. Unveiling the interplay between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic mechanisms in copper–iron nanoparticles working under chemically relevant tumour conditions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8307-8320. [PMID: 35919722 PMCID: PMC9297535 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01379g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work studies in depth the interplay between glutathione (GSH) and a copper–iron oxide nanocatalyst. We describe the activation and interplay of homogeneous and heterogeneous processes that induce a cascade of reactions against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bonet-Aleta
- Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Encinas-Gimenez
- Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esteban Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Martin-Duque
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Avenida San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Avenida San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Araid, Av. de Ranillas 1-D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose L. Hueso
- Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Avenida San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesus Santamaria
- Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Avenida San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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14
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Zisimopoulos DN, Kalaitzopoulou E, Skipitari M, Papadea P, Panagopoulos NT, Salahas G, Georgiou CD. Detection of superoxide radical in all biological systems by Thin Layer Chromatography. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 716:109110. [PMID: 34958749 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The study presents a new method that detects O2•-, via quantification of 2-hydroxyethidium (2-ΟΗ-Ε+) as low as ∼30 fmoles by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). The method isolates 2-ΟΗ-Ε+ after its extraction by the anionic detergent SDS (at 18-fold higher than its CMC) together with certain organic/inorganic reagents, and its HPTLC-separation from di-ethidium (di-Ε+) and ethidium (Ε+). Quantification of 2-OH-E+ is based on its ex/em maxima at 290/540 nm, and of di-E+ and E+ at 295/545 nm. The major innovations of the present method are the development of protocols for (i) efficient extraction (by SDS) and (ii) sensitive quantification (by HPTLC) for 2-OH-E+ (as well as di-E+ and E+) from most biological systems (animals, plants, cells, subcellular compartments, fluids). The method extracts 2-ΟΗ-Ε+ (by neutralizing the strong binding between its quaternary N+ and negatively charged sites on phospholipids, DNA etc) together with free HE, while protects both from biological oxidases, and also extracts/quantifies total proteins (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) for expressing O2•- levels per protein quantity. The method also uses SDS (at 80-fold lower than its CMC) to extract/remove/wash 2-ΟΗ-Ε+ from cell/organelle exterior membrane sites, for more accurate internal content quantification. The new method is applied on indicative biological systems: (1) artificially stressed (mouse organs and liver mitochondria and nuclei, ±exposed to paraquat, a known O2•- generator), and (2) physiologically stressed (cauliflower plant, exposed to light/dark).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios N Zisimopoulos
- Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - Electra Kalaitzopoulou
- Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - Marianna Skipitari
- Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - Polyxeni Papadea
- Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | | | | | - Christos D Georgiou
- Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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15
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Čapek J, Roušar T. Detection of Oxidative Stress Induced by Nanomaterials in Cells-The Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species and Glutathione. Molecules 2021; 26:4710. [PMID: 34443297 PMCID: PMC8401563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of nanomaterials use is huge, especially in fields such as medicine or industry. Due to widespread use of nanomaterials, their cytotoxicity and involvement in cellular pathways ought to be evaluated in detail. Nanomaterials can induce the production of a number of substances in cells, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), participating in physiological and pathological cellular processes. These highly reactive substances include: superoxide, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide. For overall assessment, there are a number of fluorescent probes in particular that are very specific and selective for given ROS. In addition, due to the involvement of ROS in a number of cellular signaling pathways, understanding the principle of ROS production induced by nanomaterials is very important. For defense, the cells have a number of reparative and especially antioxidant mechanisms. One of the most potent antioxidants is a tripeptide glutathione. Thus, the glutathione depletion can be a characteristic manifestation of harmful effects caused by the prooxidative-acting of nanomaterials in cells. For these reasons, here we would like to provide a review on the current knowledge of ROS-mediated cellular nanotoxicity manifesting as glutathione depletion, including an overview of approaches for the detection of ROS levels in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Čapek
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic;
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Stamm P, Oelze M, Steven S, Kröller-Schön S, Kvandova M, Kalinovic S, Jasztal A, Kij A, Kuntic M, Bayo Jimenez MT, Proniewski B, Li H, Schulz E, Chlopicki S, Daiber A, Münzel T. Direct comparison of inorganic nitrite and nitrate on vascular dysfunction and oxidative damage in experimental arterial hypertension. Nitric Oxide 2021; 113-114:57-69. [PMID: 34091009 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is one of the major health risk factors leading to coronary artery disease, stroke or peripheral artery disease. Dietary uptake of inorganic nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) via vegetables leads to enhanced vascular NO bioavailability and provides antihypertensive effects. The present study aims to understand the underlying vasoprotective effects of nutritional NO2- and NO3- co-therapy in mice with angiotensin-II (AT-II)-induced arterial hypertension. High-dose AT-II (1 mg/kg/d, 1w, s. c.) was used to induce arterial hypertension in male C57BL/6 mice. Additional inorganic nitrite (7.5 mg/kg/d, p. o.) or nitrate (150 mg/kg/d, p. o.) were administered via the drinking water. Blood pressure (tail-cuff method) and endothelial function (isometric tension) were determined. Oxidative stress and inflammation markers were quantified in aorta, heart, kidney and blood. Co-treatment with inorganic nitrite, but not with nitrate, normalized vascular function, oxidative stress markers and inflammatory pathways in AT-II treated mice. Of note, the highly beneficial effects of nitrite on all parameters and the less pronounced protection by nitrate, as seen by improvement of some parameters, were observed despite no significant increase in plasma nitrite levels by both therapies. Methemoglobin levels tended to be higher upon nitrite/nitrate treatment. Nutritional nitric oxide precursors represent a non-pharmacological treatment option for hypertension that could be applied to the general population (e.g. by eating certain vegetables). The more beneficial effects of inorganic nitrite may rely on superior NO bioactivation and stronger blood pressure lowering effects. Future large-scale clinical studies should investigate whether hypertension and cardiovascular outcome in general can be influenced by dietary inorganic nitrite therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Stamm
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Miroslava Kvandova
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanela Kalinovic
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Bayo Jimenez
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bartosz Proniewski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schulz
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Celle General Hospital, Celle, Germany
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of the Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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17
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Kalinovic S, Stamm P, Oelze M, Steven S, Kröller-Schön S, Kvandova M, Zielonka J, Münzel T, Daiber A. Detection of extracellular superoxide in isolated human immune cells and in an animal model of arterial hypertension using hydropropidine probe and HPLC analysis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:214-225. [PMID: 33823245 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide formation is a hallmark of cardiovascular disease with the involvement of different tissues and cell types. Identification of the cellular sources and subcellular localization of superoxide formation is important to understand the underlying disease pathomechanisms. In the present study, we used HPLC quantification of the superoxide-specific oxidation products of hydroethidine (HE or DHE) and its derivative hydropropidine (HPr+) for measurement of intra- and extracellular superoxide formation in isolated leukocytes and tissues of hypertensive rats. Superoxide generation by isolated leukocytes from human subjects as well as tissue samples of hypertensive rats (infusion of angiotensin-II for 7 days) was investigated using HPr+ and HE fluorescent probes with HPLC or plate reader detection. Both fluorescent dyes were used to test for intra- and extracellular superoxide formation using the supernatant or cell/tissue pellet for analysis. We demonstrate the correlation of impaired functional parameters (blood pressure, vascular function, and oxidative burst) and increased superoxide formation in different organ systems of hypertensive rats using the HPr+/HPLC method. In the cell model, the differences between HE and HPr+ and especially the advantage of the extracellular specificity of HPr+, due to its cell impermeability, became evident. Plate reader-based assays showed much higher background signal and were inferior to HPLC based methods. In conclusion, the HPr+/HPLC assay for superoxide determination is highly reliable in isolated immune cells and an animal model of arterial hypertension. In particular, the cell impermeability of HPr+ made it possible to differentiate between intra- and extracellular superoxide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanela Kalinovic
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1 - Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Stamm
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1 - Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1 - Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1 - Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1 - Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Miroslava Kvandova
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1 - Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Cancer Center Redox & Bioenergetics Shared Resource, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1 - Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131, Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1 - Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131, Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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18
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Tabernilla A, dos Santos Rodrigues B, Pieters A, Caufriez A, Leroy K, Van Campenhout R, Cooreman A, Gomes AR, Arnesdotter E, Gijbels E, Vinken M. In Vitro Liver Toxicity Testing of Chemicals: A Pragmatic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5038. [PMID: 34068678 PMCID: PMC8126138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is among the most frequently targeted organs by noxious chemicals of diverse nature. Liver toxicity testing using laboratory animals not only raises serious ethical questions, but is also rather poorly predictive of human safety towards chemicals. Increasing attention is, therefore, being paid to the development of non-animal and human-based testing schemes, which rely to a great extent on in vitro methodology. The present paper proposes a rationalized tiered in vitro testing strategy to detect liver toxicity triggered by chemicals, in which the first tier is focused on assessing general cytotoxicity, while the second tier is aimed at identifying liver-specific toxicity as such. A state-of-the-art overview is provided of the most commonly used in vitro assays that can be used in both tiers. Advantages and disadvantages of each assay as well as overall practical considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.T.); (B.d.S.R.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (A.R.G.); (E.A.); (E.G.)
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19
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Zhou D, Borsa M, Simon AK. Hallmarks and detection techniques of cellular senescence and cellular ageing in immune cells. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13316. [PMID: 33524238 PMCID: PMC7884036 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ageing of the global population brings about unprecedented challenges. Chronic age-related diseases in an increasing number of people represent an enormous burden for health and social care. The immune system deteriorates during ageing and contributes to many of these age-associated diseases due to its pivotal role in pathogen clearance, tissue homeostasis and maintenance. Moreover, in order to develop treatments for COVID-19, we urgently need to acquire more knowledge about the aged immune system, as older adults are disproportionally and more severely affected. Changes with age lead to impaired responses to infections, malignancies and vaccination, and are accompanied by chronic, low-degree inflammation, which together is termed immunosenescence. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie immunosenescence, termed immune cell senescence, are mostly unknown. Cellular senescence, characterised by an irreversible cell cycle arrest, is thought to be the cause of tissue and organismal ageing. Thus, better understanding of cellular senescence in immune populations at single-cell level may provide us with insight into how immune cell senescence develops over the life time of an individual. In this review, we will briefly introduce the phenotypic characterisation of aged innate and adaptive immune cells, which also contributes to overall immunosenescence, including subsets and function. Next, we will focus on the different hallmarks of cellular senescence and cellular ageing, and the detection techniques most suitable for immune cells. Applying these techniques will deepen our understanding of immune cell senescence and to discover potential druggable pathways, which can be modulated to reverse immune ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxi Zhou
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mariana Borsa
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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20
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Gotti GC, Kikhia M, Wuntke V, Hasam-Henderson LA, Wu B, Geiger JRP, Kovacs R. In situ labeling of non-accommodating interneurons based on metabolic rates. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101798. [PMID: 33285412 PMCID: PMC7724199 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining high frequency firing of narrow action potentials puts a large metabolic load on fast spiking (FS), perisomatic-inhibitory interneurons compared to their slow-spiking, dendrite targeting counterparts. Although the relationship of action potential (AP) firing and metabolism is firmly established, there is no single method to differentiate interneurons in situ based on their firing properties. In this study, we explore a novel strategy to easily identify the metabolically active FS cells among different classes of interneurons. We found that the oxidation of the fluorescent free radical marker 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (H2DCF) preferentially occurs in interneurons both in slice cultures and acute brain slices. Despite their morphological heterogeneity, almost all DCF-positive (DCF+) neurons belonged to the cluster of non-accommodating FS interneurons. Furthermore, all FS interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV) both in slice cultures and in acute slices from tdTomato-PVCre transgenic mice were also DCF+. However, only half of the recorded DCF + cells were also PV+, indicating that H2DCF-oxidation occurs in different interneuron classes characterized by non-accomodating AP-firing. Comprehensively enhancing spontaneous neuronal activity led to mitochondrial oxidation of DCF in pyramidal cells as well as interneurons, suggesting that the apparent selectivity towards interneurons represents differences in the underlying metabolic load. While radical-scavenging, inhibition of APs or NO-synthesis, and iron chelation had no effect on the staining pattern, exposure to the complex-I inhibitor, rotenone, prevented interneuronal DCF accumulation. We conclude that H2DCF oxidation is independent of free radicals but correlates with the intensive oxidative energy metabolism and high mitochondrial mass in interneurons sharing the non-accommodating FS phenotype. Fast spiking non-adapting interneurons preferentially oxidize and accumulate H2DCF. Labeling of interneurons correlates with mitochondrial mass and energy metabolism. Free radical formation does not contribute to DCF-labeling of interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Gotti
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Kikhia
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Wuntke
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - L A Hasam-Henderson
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Wu
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich - Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J R P Geiger
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Kovacs
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Oxidation of ethidium-based probes by biological radicals: mechanism, kinetics and implications for the detection of superoxide. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18626. [PMID: 33122809 PMCID: PMC7596101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroethidine (HE) and hydropropidine (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {HPr}^{+}$$\end{document}HPr+) are fluorogenic probes used for the detection of the intra- and extracellular superoxide radical anion (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {O}_{ {2}}^{\bullet -}$$\end{document}O2∙-). In this study, we provide evidence that HE and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {HPr}^{+}$$\end{document}HPr+ react rapidly with the biologically relevant radicals, including the hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radicals, the trioxidocarbonate radical anion, nitrogen dioxide, and the glutathionyl radical, via one-electron oxidation, forming the corresponding radical cations. At physiological pH, the radical cations of the probes react rapidly with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {O}_{ {2}}^{\bullet -}$$\end{document}O2∙-, leading to the specific 2-hydroxylated cationic products. We determined the rate constants of the reaction between \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {O}_{ {2}}^{\bullet -}$$\end{document}O2∙- and the radical cations of the probes. We also synthesized N-methylated analogs of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {HPr}^{+}$$\end{document}HPr+ and HE which were used in mechanistic studies. Methylation of the amine groups was not found to prevent the reaction between the radical cation of the probe and the superoxide, but it significantly increased the lifetime of the radical cation and had a substantial effect on the profiles of the oxidation products by inhibiting the formation of dimeric products. We conclude that the N-methylated analogs of HE and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {HPr}^{+}$$\end{document}HPr+ may be used as a scaffold for the design of a new generation of probes for intra- and extracellular superoxide.
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22
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Mitochondria-targeted magnolol inhibits OXPHOS, proliferation, and tumor growth via modulation of energetics and autophagy in melanoma cells. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 25:100210. [PMID: 32987287 PMCID: PMC7883397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer for which there are no effective drugs for prolonged treatment. The existing kinase inhibitor antiglycolytic drugs (B-Raf serine/threonine kinase or BRAF inhibitors) are effective for a short time followed by a rapid onset of drug resistance. Presentation of case: Here, we show that a mitochondria-targeted analog of magnolol, Mito-magnolol (Mito-MGN), inhibits oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and proliferation of melanoma cells more potently than untargeted magnolol. Mito-MGN also inhibited tumor growth in murine melanoma xenografts. Mito-MGN decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and modulated energetic and mitophagy signaling proteins. Discussion: Results indicate that Mito-MGN is significantly more potent than the FDA-approved OXPHOS inhibitor in inhibiting proliferation of melanoma cells. Conclusion: These findings have implications in the treatment of melanomas with enhanced OXPHOS status due to metabolic reprogramming or drug resistance.
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23
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Vujacic-Mirski K, Bruns K, Kalinovic S, Oelze M, Kröller-Schön S, Steven S, Mojovic M, Korac B, Münzel T, Daiber A. Development of an Analytical Assay for Electrochemical Detection and Quantification of Protein-Bound 3-Nitrotyrosine in Biological Samples and Comparison with Classical, Antibody-Based Methods. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E388. [PMID: 32384768 PMCID: PMC7278855 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) cause oxidative damage, which is associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, but may also contribute to redox signaling. Therefore, their precise detection is important for the evaluation of disease mechanisms. Here, we compared three different methods for the detection of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), a marker of nitro-oxidative stress, in biological samples. Nitrated proteins were generated by incubation with peroxynitrite or 3-morpholino sydnonimine (Sin-1) and subjected to total hydrolysis using pronase, a mixture of different proteases. The 3-NT was then separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quantified by electrochemical detection (ECD, CoulArray) and compared to classical methods, namely enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and dot blot analysis using specific 3-NT antibodies. Calibration curves for authentic 3-NT (detection limit 10 nM) and a concentration-response pattern for 3-NT obtained from digested nitrated bovine serum albumin (BSA) were highly linear over a wide 3-NT concentration range. Also, ex vivo nitration of protein from heart, isolated mitochondria, and serum/plasma could be quantified using the HPLC/ECD method and was confirmed by LC-MS/MS. Of note, nitro-oxidative damage of mitochondria results in increased superoxide (O2•-) formation rates (measured by dihydroethidium-based HPLC assay), pointing to a self-amplification mechanism of oxidative stress. Based on our ex vivo data, the CoulArray quantification method for 3-NT seems to have some advantages regarding sensitivity and selectivity. Establishing a reliable automated HPLC assay for the routine quantification of 3-NT in biological samples of cell culture, of animal and human origin seems to be more sophisticated than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Vujacic-Mirski
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1–Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.V.-M.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.K.-S.); (S.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Kai Bruns
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Sanela Kalinovic
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1–Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.V.-M.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.K.-S.); (S.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1–Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.V.-M.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.K.-S.); (S.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1–Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.V.-M.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.K.-S.); (S.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1–Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.V.-M.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.K.-S.); (S.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Milos Mojovic
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Bato Korac
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1–Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.V.-M.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.K.-S.); (S.S.); (T.M.)
- Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1–Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.V.-M.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.K.-S.); (S.S.); (T.M.)
- Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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24
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Steven S, Frenis K, Kalinovic S, Kvandova M, Oelze M, Helmstädter J, Hahad O, Filippou K, Kus K, Trevisan C, Schlüter KD, Boengler K, Chlopicki S, Frauenknecht K, Schulz R, Sorensen M, Daiber A, Kröller-Schön S, Münzel T. Exacerbation of adverse cardiovascular effects of aircraft noise in an animal model of arterial hypertension. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101515. [PMID: 32345536 PMCID: PMC7327989 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is the most important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Recently, aircraft noise has been shown to be associated with elevated blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the potential exacerbated cardiovascular effects of aircraft noise in combination with experimental arterial hypertension. C57BL/6J mice were infused with 0.5 mg/kg/d of angiotensin II for 7 days, exposed to aircraft noise for 7 days at a maximum sound pressure level of 85 dB(A) and a mean sound pressure level of 72 dB(A), or subjected to both stressors. Noise and angiotensin II increased blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation in aortic, cardiac and/or cerebral tissues in single exposure models. In mice subjected to both stressors, most of these risk factors showed potentiated adverse changes. We also found that mice exposed to both noise and ATII had increased phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX-2)-mediated superoxide formation, immune cell infiltration (monocytes, neutrophils and T cells) in the aortic wall, astrocyte activation in the brain, enhanced cytokine signaling, and subsequent vascular and cerebral oxidative stress. Exaggerated renal stress response was also observed. In summary, our results show an enhanced adverse cardiovascular effect between environmental noise exposure and arterial hypertension, which is mainly triggered by vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, noise potentiates neuroinflammation and cerebral oxidative stress, which may be a potential link between both risk factors. The results indicate that a combination of classical (arterial hypertension) and novel (noise exposure) risk factors may be deleterious for cardiovascular health. Noise exposure causes non-auditory cardiovascular/cerebral adverse health effects by oxidative stress and inflammation. Aircraft noise causes exacerbated adverse effects on blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive mice. Aircraft noise and hypertension potentiate inflammation, ROS formation and oxidative damage in the brain, vessels and heart. Aircraft noise and hypertension seem to have enhanced adverse effects on stress responses in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanela Kalinovic
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Miroslava Kvandova
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johanna Helmstädter
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstantina Filippou
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kamil Kus
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Chiara Trevisan
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kerstin Boengler
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Germany
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Rainer Schulz
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Germany
| | - Mette Sorensen
- Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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Rios N, Radi R, Kalyanaraman B, Zielonka J. Tracking isotopically labeled oxidants using boronate-based redox probes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6665-6676. [PMID: 32217693 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been implicated in many biological processes and diseases, including immune responses, cardiovascular dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and cancer. These chemical species are short-lived in biological settings, and detecting them in these conditions and diseases requires the use of molecular probes that form stable, easily detectable, products. The chemical mechanisms and limitations of many of the currently used probes are not well-understood, hampering their effective applications. Boronates have emerged as a class of probes for the detection of nucleophilic two-electron oxidants. Here, we report the results of an oxygen-18-labeling MS study to identify the origin of oxygen atoms in the oxidation products of phenylboronate targeted to mitochondria. We demonstrate that boronate oxidation by hydrogen peroxide, peroxymonocarbonate, hypochlorite, or peroxynitrite involves the incorporation of oxygen atoms from these oxidants. We therefore conclude that boronates can be used as probes to track isotopically labeled oxidants. This suggests that the detection of specific products formed from these redox probes could enable precise identification of oxidants formed in biological systems. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding the mechanism of conversion of the boronate-based redox probes to oxidant-specific products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rios
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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Li DF, Feng ZQ, Du J, Zhao WH, Huang N, Jia JC, Wu ZY, Wang YY, Ji XL, Yu L. Mechanism of Placenta Damage in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by Investigating TXNIP of Patient Samples and Gene Functional Research in Cell Line. Diabetes Ther 2019; 10:2265-2288. [PMID: 31654346 PMCID: PMC6848504 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-019-00713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a gestational complication that affects maternal and child health. The placenta provides the fetus with the necessary nutrition and oxygen and takes away the metabolic waste. Patients with GDM are diagnosed and treated merely on the basis of the blood glucose level; this approach does nothing to help evaluate the status of the placenta, which is worth noting in GDM. The purpose of this research was to clarify the relation between thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the placenta of patients with GDM, which has thus far remained unclear. METHODS The expression of TXNIP in the placentas of 10 patients with GDM and 10 healthy puerperae (control group) was investigated via immunofluorescence. The relation among TXNIP, ROS, and the function of mitochondria was explored in HTR-8/SVneo cells stimulated by high glucose (HG). RESULTS The results showed the expression of TXNIP in the placentas of patients with GDM was higher than that in the control group, and the expression of TXNIP in HTR-8/SVneo cells treated with HG was higher than that in the control group, causing the accumulation of ROS and changes of mitochondria, promoting apoptosis and inhibition of migration. CONCLUSIONS High expression of TXNIP caused by HG mediates the increasing ROS and the mitochondria dysfunction in GDM; this impairs the function of the placenta and is the basis for the prediction of perinatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fang Li
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Zong Qi Feng
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Wen Hua Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Na Huang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Jian Chao Jia
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Zhou Ying Wu
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Yong Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Xiao Li Ji
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010010, China.
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Kalinovic S, Oelze M, Kröller-Schön S, Steven S, Vujacic-Mirski K, Kvandová M, Schmal I, Al Zuabi A, Münzel T, Daiber A. Comparison of Mitochondrial Superoxide Detection Ex Vivo/In Vivo by mitoSOX HPLC Method with Classical Assays in Three Different Animal Models of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E514. [PMID: 31661873 PMCID: PMC6912540 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS such as H2O2, nitric oxide) are generated within the organism. Whereas physiological formation rates confer redox regulation of essential cellular functions and provide the basis for adaptive stress responses, their excessive formation contributes to impaired cellular function or even cell death, organ dysfunction and severe disease phenotypes of the entire organism. Therefore, quantification of RONS formation and knowledge of their tissue/cell/compartment-specific distribution is of great biological and clinical importance. METHODS Here, we used a high-performance/pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay to quantify the superoxide-specific oxidation product of the mitochondria-targeted fluorescence dye triphenylphosphonium-linked hydroethidium (mitoSOX) in biochemical systems and three animal models with established oxidative stress. Type 1 diabetes (single injection of streptozotocin), hypertension (infusion of angiotensin-II for 7 days) and nitrate tolerance (infusion of nitroglycerin for 4 days) was induced in male Wistar rats. RESULTS The usefulness of mitoSOX/HPLC for quantification of mitochondrial superoxide was confirmed by xanthine oxidase activity as well as isolated stimulated rat heart mitochondria in the presence or absence of superoxide scavengers. Vascular function was assessed by isometric tension methodology and was impaired in the rat models of oxidative stress. Vascular dysfunction correlated with increased mitoSOX oxidation but also classical RONS detection assays as well as typical markers of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION mitoSOX/HPLC represents a valid method for detection of mitochondrial superoxide formation in tissues of different animal disease models and correlates well with functional parameters and other markers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanela Kalinovic
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ksenija Vujacic-Mirski
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Miroslava Kvandová
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Isabella Schmal
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ahmad Al Zuabi
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Pennell EN, Wagner KH, Mosawy S, Bulmer AC. Acute bilirubin ditaurate exposure attenuates ex vivo platelet reactive oxygen species production, granule exocytosis and activation. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101250. [PMID: 31226648 PMCID: PMC6586953 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bilirubin, a by-product of haem catabolism, possesses potent endogenous antioxidant and platelet inhibitory properties. These properties may be useful in inhibiting inappropriate platelet activation and ROS production; for example, during storage for transfusion. Given the hydrophobicity of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), we investigated the acute platelet inhibitory and ROS scavenging ability of a water-soluble bilirubin analogue, bilirubin ditaurate (BRT) on ex vivo platelet function to ascertain its potential suitability for inclusion during platelet storage. Methods The inhibitory potential of BRT (10–100 μM) was assessed using agonist induced platelet aggregation, dense granule exocytosis and flow cytometric analysis of P-selectin and GPIIb/IIIa expression. ROS production was investigated by analysis of H2DCFDA fluorescence following agonist simulation while mitochondrial ROS production investigated using MitoSOX™ Red. Platelet mitochondrial membrane potential and viability was assessed using TMRE and Zombie Green™ respectively. Results Our data shows ≤35 μM BRT significantly inhibits both dense and alpha granule exocytosis as measured by ATP release and P-selectin surface expression, respectively. Significant inhibition of GPIIb/IIIa expression was also reported upon ≤35 μM BRT exposure. Furthermore, platelet exposure to ≤10 μM BRT significantly reduces platelet mitochondrial ROS production. Despite the inhibitory effect of BRT, platelet viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and agonist induced aggregation were not perturbed. Conclusions These data indicate, for the first time, that BRT, a water-soluble bilirubin analogue, inhibits platelet activation and reduces platelet ROS production ex vivo and may, therefore, may be of use in preserving platelet function during storage. The impact of conjugated bilirubin on platelet function has not been investigated to date. Bilirubin ditaurate (BDT) is a water-soluble analogue of conjugated bilirubin. BDT attenuates ex vivo platelet activation and ROS generation. Conjugated forms of bilirubin might inhibit platelet activation during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Noel Pennell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Research Platform Active Aging, Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sapha Mosawy
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; Endeavour College of Natural Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Multiorgan Development of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in LPS-Induced Endotoxemia in C57Bl/6 Mice: DHE-Based In Vivo Approach. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7838406. [PMID: 31249650 PMCID: PMC6556324 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7838406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Detection of free radicals in tissues is challenging. Most approaches rely on incubating excised sections or homogenates with reagents, typically at supraphysiologic oxygen tensions, to finally detect surrogate, nonspecific end products. In the present work, we explored the potential of using intravenously (i.v.) injected dihydroethidine (DHE) to detect superoxide radical (O2 ∙-) abundance in vivo by quantification of the superoxide-specific DHE oxidation product, 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E+), as well as ethidium (E+) and DHE in multiple tissues in a murine model of endotoxemia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.), while DHE was delivered via the tail vein one hour before sacrifice. Tissues (kidney, lung, liver, and brain) were harvested and subjected to HPLC/fluorescent analysis of DHE and its monomeric oxidation products. In parallel, electron spin resonance (EPR) spin trapping was used to measure nitric oxide (∙NO) production in the aorta, lung, and liver isolated from the same mice. Endotoxemic inflammation was validated by analysis of plasma biomarkers. The concentration of 2-OH-E+ varied in the liver, lung, and kidney; however, the ratios of 2-OH-E+/E+ and 2-OH-E+/DHE were increased in the liver and kidney but not in the lung or the brain. An LPS-induced robust level of ∙NO burst was observed in the liver, whereas the lung demonstrated a moderate yet progressive increase in the rate of ∙NO production. Interestingly, endothelial dysfunction was observed in the aorta, as evidenced by decreased ∙NO production 6 hours post-LPS injection that coincided with the inflammatory burden of endotoxemia (e.g. elevated serum amyloid A and prostaglandin E2). Combined, these data demonstrate that systemic delivery of DHE affords the capacity to specifically detect O2 ∙- production in vivo. Furthermore, the ratio of 2-OH-E+/E+ oxidation products in tissues provides a tool for comparative insight into the oxidative environments in various organs. Based on our findings, we demonstrate that the endotoxemic liver is susceptible to both O2 ∙--mediated and nonspecific oxidant stress as well as nitrosative stress. Oxidant stress in the lung was detected to a lesser extent, thus underscoring a differential response of liver and lung to endotoxemic injury induced by intraperitoneal LPS injection.
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Zielonka J, Kalyanaraman B. Small-molecule luminescent probes for the detection of cellular oxidizing and nitrating species. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 128:3-22. [PMID: 29567392 PMCID: PMC6146080 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in both pathogenic cellular damage events and physiological cellular redox signaling and regulation. To unravel the biological role of ROS, it is very important to be able to detect and identify the species involved. In this review, we introduce the reader to the methods of detection of ROS using luminescent (fluorescent, chemiluminescent, and bioluminescent) probes and discuss typical limitations of those probes. We review the most widely used probes, state-of-the-art assays, and the new, promising approaches for rigorous detection and identification of superoxide radical anion, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite. The combination of real-time monitoring of the dynamics of ROS in cells and the identification of the specific products formed from the probes will reveal the role of specific types of ROS in cellular function and dysfunction. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involving ROS may help with the development of new therapeutics for several diseases involving dysregulated cellular redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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31
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Martinez‐Herrera M, López‐Domènech S, Silvestre FJ, Silvestre‐Rangil J, Bañuls C, Victor VM, Rocha M. Chronic periodontitis impairs polymorphonuclear leucocyte–endothelium cell interactions and oxidative stress in humans. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:1429-1439. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Martinez‐Herrera
- Service of StomatologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset‐FISABIO Valencia Spain
- Department of StomatologyUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - Sandra López‐Domènech
- Service of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset‐FISABIO Valencia Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Silvestre
- Service of StomatologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset‐FISABIO Valencia Spain
- Department of StomatologyUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | | | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset‐FISABIO Valencia Spain
| | - Victor M. Victor
- Service of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset‐FISABIO Valencia Spain
- CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research GroupCIBER Hepatic and Digestive DiseasesUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset‐FISABIO Valencia Spain
- CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research GroupCIBER Hepatic and Digestive DiseasesUniversity of Valencia Valencia Spain
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32
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Kalyanaraman B, Cheng G, Zielonka J, Bennett B. Low-Temperature EPR Spectroscopy as a Probe-Free Technique for Monitoring Oxidants Formed in Tumor Cells and Tissues: Implications in Drug Resistance and OXPHOS-Targeted Therapies. Cell Biochem Biophys 2018; 77:89-98. [PMID: 30259334 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-018-0858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidants formed from oxidative and nitrative metabolism include reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide/lipid hydroperoxides and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) (e.g., peroxynitrite [ONOO-] and nitrogen dioxide), and reactive halogenated species (e.g., hypochlorous acid [HOCl]). Increasingly, ROS and RNS are implicated in tumorigenesis as well as tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Recently, ROS were implicated in drug resistance, metabolic reprogramming, and T-cell metabolism in immunotherapy. Mostly, fluorescent probes have been used in cell culture systems. The identity of species is obtained by LC-MS analyses of diagnostic marker products. However, extrapolation of these assays to cancer xenografts is difficult if not impossible. Thus, development of a probe-free assay for monitoring and assessing oxidant formation in tumor cells and tumor xenografts is critical and timely. Here, we describe the use of ex vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures as a uniquely useful probe-free technique for assessing intracellular oxidation and oxidants via EPR signals from redox centers, particularly iron-sulfur clusters, in mitochondrial and cytosolic redox proteins. Examples of cancer cells subjected to inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are presented. This ex vivo methodology can be readily extended to monitor oxidant formation in tumor tissues isolated from mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. .,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Brian Bennett
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, 540 N. 15th St., Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
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Yun SP, Han YS, Lee JH, Kim SM, Lee SH. Melatonin Rescues Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Senescence Induced by the Uremic Toxin p-Cresol via Inhibiting mTOR-Dependent Autophagy. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:389-398. [PMID: 28655071 PMCID: PMC6029684 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
p-Cresol, found at high concentrations in the serum of chronic kidney failure patients, is known to cause cell senescence and other complications in different parts of the body. p-Cresol is thought to mediate cytotoxic effects through the induction of autophagy response. However, toxic effects of p-cresol on mesenchymal stem cells have not been elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether p-cresol induces senescence of mesenchymal stem cells, and whether melatonin can ameliorate abnormal autophagy response caused by p-cresol. We found that p-cresol concentration-dependently reduced proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. Pretreatment with melatonin prevented pro-senescence effects of p-cresol on mesenchymal stem cells. We found that by inducing phosphorylation of Akt and activating the Akt signaling pathway, melatonin enhanced catalase activity and thereby inhibited the accumulation of reactive oxygen species induced by p-cresol in mesenchymal stem cells, ultimately preventing abnormal activation of autophagy. Furthermore, preincubation with melatonin counteracted other pro-senescence changes caused by p-cresol, such as the increase in total 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase expression and decrease in the level of phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin. Ultimately, we discovered that melatonin restored the expression of senescence marker protein 30, which is normally suppressed because of the induction of the autophagy pathway in chronic kidney failure patients by p-cresol. Our findings suggest that stem cell senescence in patients with chronic kidney failure could be potentially rescued by the administration of melatonin, which grants this hormone a novel therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Pil Yun
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yong-Seok Han
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
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Hardy M, Zielonka J, Karoui H, Sikora A, Michalski R, Podsiadły R, Lopez M, Vasquez-Vivar J, Kalyanaraman B, Ouari O. Detection and Characterization of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Biological Systems by Monitoring Species-Specific Products. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1416-1432. [PMID: 29037049 PMCID: PMC5910052 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Since the discovery of the superoxide dismutase enzyme, the generation and fate of short-lived oxidizing, nitrosating, nitrating, and halogenating species in biological systems has been of great interest. Despite the significance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in numerous diseases and intracellular signaling, the rigorous detection of ROS and RNS has remained a challenge. Recent Advances: Chemical characterization of the reactions of selected ROS and RNS with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin traps and fluorescent probes led to the establishment of species-specific products, which can be used for specific detection of several forms of ROS and RNS in cell-free systems and in cultured cells in vitro and in animals in vivo. Profiling oxidation products from the ROS and RNS probes provides a rigorous method for detection of those species in biological systems. CRITICAL ISSUES Formation and detection of species-specific products from the probes enables accurate characterization of the oxidative environment in cells. Measurement of the total signal (fluorescence, chemiluminescence, etc.) intensity does not allow for identification of the ROS/RNS formed. It is critical to identify the products formed by using chromatographic or other rigorous techniques. Product analyses should be accompanied by monitoring of the intracellular probe level, another factor controlling the yield of the product(s) formed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS More work is required to characterize the chemical reactivity of the ROS/RNS probes, and to develop new probes/detection approaches enabling real-time, selective monitoring of the specific products formed from the probes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1416-1432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Hakim Karoui
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Michalski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcos Lopez
- Translational Biomedical Research Group, Biotechnology Laboratories, Cardiovascular Foundation of Colombia, Santander, Colombia
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Cheng G, Zielonka M, Dranka B, Kumar SN, Myers CR, Bennett B, Garces AM, Dias Duarte Machado LG, Thiebaut D, Ouari O, Hardy M, Zielonka J, Kalyanaraman B. Detection of mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species in cells using multiple probes and methods: Potentials, pitfalls, and the future. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10363-10380. [PMID: 29739855 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) such as superoxide (O2̇̄), hydrogen peroxide, lipid hydroperoxides, peroxynitrite, and hypochlorous and hypobromous acids play a key role in many pathophysiological processes. Recent studies have focused on mitochondrial ROS as redox signaling species responsible for promoting cell division, modulating and regulating kinases and phosphatases, and activating transcription factors. Many ROS also stimulate cell death and senescence. The extent to which these processes occur is attributed to ROS levels (low or high) in cells. However, the exact nature of ROS remains unknown. Investigators have used redox-active probes that, upon oxidation by ROS, yield products exhibiting fluorescence, chemiluminescence, or bioluminescence. Mitochondria-targeted probes can be used to detect ROS generated in mitochondria. However, because most of these redox-active probes (untargeted and mitochondria-targeted) are oxidized by several ROS species, attributing redox probe oxidation to specific ROS species is difficult. It is conceivable that redox-active probes are oxidized in common one-electron oxidation pathways, resulting in a radical intermediate that either reacts with another oxidant (including oxygen to produce O2̇̄) and forms a stable fluorescent product or reacts with O2̇̄ to form a fluorescent marker product. Here, we propose the use of multiple probes and complementary techniques (HPLC, LC-MS, redox blotting, and EPR) and the measurement of intracellular probe uptake and specific marker products to identify specific ROS generated in cells. The low-temperature EPR technique developed to investigate cellular/mitochondrial oxidants can easily be extended to animal and human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- From the Department of Biophysics.,Free Radical Research Center
| | - Monika Zielonka
- From the Department of Biophysics.,Free Radical Research Center
| | - Brian Dranka
- the Cell Analysis Division, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California 95051
| | | | - Charles R Myers
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, and.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Brian Bennett
- the Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, and
| | - Alexander M Garces
- the Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, and
| | | | - David Thiebaut
- the Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Marseille 13013, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- the Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Marseille 13013, France
| | - Micael Hardy
- the Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Marseille 13013, France
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- From the Department of Biophysics.,Free Radical Research Center.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- From the Department of Biophysics, .,Free Radical Research Center.,Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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36
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Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Mitochondrial ROS in AMPK Knockout Mice Blood Vessels. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1732:507-517. [PMID: 29480496 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7598-3_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of unstable and highly reactive molecules or free radicals typically generated as by-products of cellular processes involving molecular oxygen. In vascular cells, the excessive ROS generation results in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Therefore, a dynamic, robust, and accurate ROS detection method in the blood vessels is essential for pathophysiological research studies of the cardiovascular system.In this chapter, we describe a fluorescence dye-based detection method for assaying superoxide and mitochondrial superoxide in mouse aorta using dihydroethidium (DHE) and MitoSOX. The protocol includes preparation of frozen aortic tissue sections, monitoring DHE oxidation-derived fluorescence by fluorescence microscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatograph-based analysis of MitoSOX and its oxidation products. For studying the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the redox regulation, we employed AMPKα2 knockout mice and observed increased superoxide and mitochondrial superoxide levels in the aorta of AMPK knockout mice relative to the wild-type group. This novel ROS detection method will be valuable for investigating the roles of cellular and/or mitochondrial ROS in the pathogenesis of CVDs.
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Kalyanaraman B, Cheng G, Hardy M, Ouari O, Bennett B, Zielonka J. Teaching the basics of reactive oxygen species and their relevance to cancer biology: Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species detection, redox signaling, and targeted therapies. Redox Biol 2017; 15:347-362. [PMID: 29306792 PMCID: PMC5756055 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in tumorigenesis (tumor initiation, tumor progression, and metastasis). Of the many cellular sources of ROS generation, the mitochondria and the NADPH oxidase family of enzymes are possibly the most prevalent intracellular sources. In this article, we discuss the methodologies to detect mitochondria-derived superoxide and hydrogen peroxide using conventional probes as well as newly developed assays and probes, and the necessity of characterizing the diagnostic marker products with HPLC and LC-MS in order to rigorously identify the oxidizing species. The redox signaling roles of mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial thiol peroxidases, and transcription factors in response to mitochondria-targeted drugs are highlighted. ROS generation and ROS detoxification in drug-resistant cancer cells and the relationship to metabolic reprogramming are discussed. Understanding the subtle role of ROS in redox signaling and in tumor proliferation, progression, and metastasis as well as the molecular and cellular mechanisms (e.g., autophagy) could help in the development of combination therapies. The paradoxical aspects of antioxidants in cancer treatment are highlighted in relation to the ROS mechanisms in normal and cancer cells. Finally, the potential uses of newly synthesized exomarker probes for in vivo superoxide and hydrogen peroxide detection and the low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance technique for monitoring oxidant production in tumor tissues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS ICR UMR 7273, Marseille 13013, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS ICR UMR 7273, Marseille 13013, France
| | - Brian Bennett
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, 540 North 15th Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233, United States
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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Zielonka J, Hardy M, Michalski R, Sikora A, Zielonka M, Cheng G, Ouari O, Podsiadły R, Kalyanaraman B. Recent Developments in the Probes and Assays for Measurement of the Activity of NADPH Oxidases. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 75:335-349. [PMID: 28660426 PMCID: PMC5693611 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases are a family of enzymes capable of transferring electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen. A major function of NADPH oxidases is the activation of molecular oxygen into reactive oxygen species. Increased activity of NADPH oxidases has been implicated in various pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, neurological dysfunction, and cancer. Thus, NADPH oxidases have been identified as a viable target for the development of novel therapeutics exhibiting inhibitory effects on NADPH oxidases. Here, we describe the development of new assays for measuring the activity of NADPH oxidases enabling the high-throughput screening for NADPH oxidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Radosław Michalski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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Zielonka J, Sikora A, Hardy M, Ouari O, Vasquez-Vivar J, Cheng G, Lopez M, Kalyanaraman B. Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium-Based Compounds: Syntheses, Mechanisms of Action, and Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10043-10120. [PMID: 28654243 PMCID: PMC5611849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 921] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for new drug design in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Currently, the most effective way to deliver drugs specifically to mitochondria is by covalent linking a lipophilic cation such as an alkyltriphenylphosphonium moiety to a pharmacophore of interest. Other delocalized lipophilic cations, such as rhodamine, natural and synthetic mitochondria-targeting peptides, and nanoparticle vehicles, have also been used for mitochondrial delivery of small molecules. Depending on the approach used, and the cell and mitochondrial membrane potentials, more than 1000-fold higher mitochondrial concentration can be achieved. Mitochondrial targeting has been developed to study mitochondrial physiology and dysfunction and the interaction between mitochondria and other subcellular organelles and for treatment of a variety of diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. In this Review, we discuss efforts to target small-molecule compounds to mitochondria for probing mitochondria function, as diagnostic tools and potential therapeutics. We describe the physicochemical basis for mitochondrial accumulation of lipophilic cations, synthetic chemistry strategies to target compounds to mitochondria, mitochondrial probes, and sensors, and examples of mitochondrial targeting of bioactive compounds. Finally, we review published attempts to apply mitochondria-targeted agents for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Marcos Lopez
- Translational Biomedical Research Group, Biotechnology Laboratories, Cardiovascular Foundation of Colombia, Carrera 5a No. 6-33, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia, 681003
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B No. 36-00, Cali, Colombia, 760032
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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40
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Mishra A. Commentary: Superoxide Generation and Its Involvement in the Growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1114. [PMID: 28659909 PMCID: PMC5468414 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kalyanaraman B, Cheng G, Hardy M, Ouari O, Sikora A, Zielonka J, Dwinell MB. Modified Metformin as a More Potent Anticancer Drug: Mitochondrial Inhibition, Redox Signaling, Antiproliferative Effects and Future EPR Studies. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 75:311-317. [PMID: 28429253 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, one of the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drugs in the world, is being repurposed as a potential drug in cancer treatment. Epidemiological studies suggest that metformin exerts anticancer effects in diabetic patients with pancreatic cancer. However, at typical antidiabetic doses the bioavailability of metformin is presumably too low to exert antitumor effects. Thus, more potent analogs of metformin are needed in order to increase its anticancer efficacy. To this end, a new class of mitochondria-targeted metformin analogs (or mito-metformins) containing a positively-charged lipophilic triphenylphosphonium group was synthesized and tested for their antitumor efficacy in pancreatic cancer cells. Results indicate that the lead compound, mito-metformin10, was nearly 1000-fold more potent than metformin in inhibiting mitochondrial complex I activity, inducing reactive oxygen species (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) that stimulate redox signaling mechanisms, including the activation of adenosinemonophosphate kinase and inhibition of proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. The potential use of the low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance technique in assessing the role of mitochondrial complexes including complex I in tumor regression in response to metformin and mito-metformins in the in vivo setting is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Micael Hardy
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), Aix-Marseille Univ, UMR 7273, Marseille, 13013, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), Aix-Marseille Univ, UMR 7273, Marseille, 13013, France
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Michael B Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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Abstract
The balance of oxidants and antioxidants within the cell is crucial for maintaining health, and regulating physiological processes such as signalling. Consequently, imbalances between oxidants and antioxidants are now understood to lead to oxidative stress, a physiological feature that underlies many diseases. These processes have spurred the field of chemical biology to develop a plethora of sensors, both small-molecule and fluorescent protein-based, for the detection of specific oxidizing species and general redox balances within cells. The mitochondrion, in particular, is the site of many vital redox reactions. There is therefore a need to target redox sensors to this particular organelle. It has been well established that targeting mitochondria can be achieved by the use of a lipophilic cation-targeting group, or by utilizing natural peptidic mitochondrial localization sequences. Here, we review how these two approaches have been used by a number of researchers to develop mitochondrially localized fluorescent redox sensors that are already proving useful in providing insights into the roles of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth J. New
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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43
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Kalyanaraman B, Hardy M, Podsiadly R, Cheng G, Zielonka J. Recent developments in detection of superoxide radical anion and hydrogen peroxide: Opportunities, challenges, and implications in redox signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 617:38-47. [PMID: 27590268 PMCID: PMC5318280 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review, some of the recent developments in probes and assay techniques specific for superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are discussed. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in O2- and H2O2 detection due to syntheses of new redox probes, better understanding of their chemistry, and development of specific and sensitive assays. For superoxide detection, hydroethidine (HE) is the most suitable probe, as the product, 2-hydroxyethidium, is specific for O2-. In addition, HE-derived dimeric products are specific for one-electron oxidants. As red-fluorescent ethidium is always formed from HE intracellularly, chromatographic techniques are required for detecting 2-hydroxyethidium. HE analogs, Mito-SOX and hydropropidine, exhibit the same reaction chemistry with O2- and one-electron oxidants. Thus, mitochondrial superoxide can be unequivocally detected using HPLC-based methods and not by fluorescence microscopy. Aromatic boronate-based probes react quantitatively with H2O2, forming a phenolic product. However, peroxynitrite and hypochlorite react more rapidly with boronates, forming the same product. Using ROS-specific probes and HPLC assays, it is possible to screen chemical libraries to discover specific inhibitors of NADPH oxidases. We hope that rigorous detection of O2- and H2O2 in different cellular compartments will improve our understanding of their role in redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Radoslaw Podsiadly
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Use of spin traps to detect superoxide production in living cells by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Methods 2016; 109:31-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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45
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Panth N, Paudel KR, Parajuli K. Reactive Oxygen Species: A Key Hallmark of Cardiovascular Disease. Adv Med 2016; 2016:9152732. [PMID: 27774507 PMCID: PMC5059509 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9152732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the prime cause of mortality worldwide for decades. However, the underlying mechanism of their pathogenesis is not fully clear yet. It has been already established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in the progression of CVDs. ROS are chemically unstable reactive free radicals containing oxygen, normally produced by xanthine oxidase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, lipoxygenases, or mitochondria or due to the uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase in vascular cells. When the equilibrium between production of free radicals and antioxidant capacity of human physiology gets altered due to several pathophysiological conditions, oxidative stress is induced, which in turn leads to tissue injury. This review focuses on pathways behind the production of ROS, its involvement in various intracellular signaling cascades leading to several cardiovascular disorders (endothelial dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion, and atherosclerosis), methods for its detection, and therapeutic strategies for treatment of CVDs targeting the sources of ROS. The information generated by this review aims to provide updated insights into the understanding of the mechanisms behind cardiovascular complications mediated by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Panth
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Dhungepatan, Kaski 33701, Nepal
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Dhungepatan, Kaski 33701, Nepal
| | - Kalpana Parajuli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Dhungepatan, Kaski 33701, Nepal
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Talib J, Maghzal GJ, Cheng D, Stocker R. Detailed protocol to assess in vivo and ex vivo myeloperoxidase activity in mouse models of vascular inflammation and disease using hydroethidine. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:124-135. [PMID: 27184954 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity contributes to arterial inflammation, vascular dysfunction and disease, including atherosclerosis. Current assessment of MPO activity in biological systems in vivo utilizes 3-chlorotyrosine (3-Cl-Tyr) as a biomarker of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and other chlorinating species. However, 3-Cl-Tyr is formed in low yield and is subject to further metabolism. Recently, we reported a method to selectively assess MPO-activity in vivo by measuring the conversion of hydroethidine to 2-chloroethidium (2-Cl-E(+)) by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (J. Biol. Chem., 289, 2014, pp. 5580-5595). The hydroethidine-based method has greater sensitivity for MPO activity than measurement of 3-Cl-Tyr. The current methods paper provides a detailed protocol to determine in vivo and ex vivo MPO activity in arteries from mouse models of vascular inflammation and disease by utilizing the conversion of hydroethidine to 2-Cl-E(+). Procedures for the synthesis of standards, preparation of tissue homogenates and the generation of 2-Cl-E(+) are also provided in detail, as are the conditions for LC-MS/MS detection of 2-Cl-E(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Talib
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Ghassan J Maghzal
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - David Cheng
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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The hydroxypyridinone iron chelator CP94 increases methyl-aminolevulinate-based photodynamic cell killing by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species. Redox Biol 2016; 9:90-99. [PMID: 27454766 PMCID: PMC4961297 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl-aminolevulinate-based photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT) is utilised clinically for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers and pre-cancers and the hydroxypyridinone iron chelator, CP94, has successfully been demonstrated to increase MAL-PDT efficacy in an initial clinical pilot study. However, the biochemical and photochemical processes leading to CP94-enhanced photodynamic cell death, beyond the well-documented increases in accumulation of the photosensitiser protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), have not yet been fully elucidated. This investigation demonstrated that MAL-based photodynamic cell killing of cultured human squamous carcinoma cells (A431) occurred in a predominantly necrotic manner following the generation of singlet oxygen and ROS. Augmenting MAL-based photodynamic cell killing with CP94 co-treatment resulted in increased PpIX accumulation, MitoSOX-detectable ROS generation (probably of mitochondrial origin) and necrotic cell death, but did not affect singlet oxygen generation. We also report (to our knowledge, for the first time) the detection of intracellular PpIX-generated singlet oxygen in whole cells via electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in conjunction with a spin trap. Augmentation of MAL-based photodynamic cell killing with CP94 increases necrosis. CP94 augmentation increases generation of ROS, likely to be mitochondria-localised. PpIX-generated 1O2 was detected in whole cells by EPR spectroscopy. Photodynamic cell killing was dependent primarily on 1O2. Superoxide/other ROS also contributed to the efficacy of photodynamic cell killing.
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Kalyanaraman B, Hardy M, Zielonka J. A Critical Review of Methodologies to Detect Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Stimulated by NADPH Oxidase Enzymes: Implications in Pesticide Toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:193-201. [PMID: 27774407 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-016-0063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review, potential fluorescent probe applications for detecting reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generated from NADPH oxidases (e.g., Nox2) and nitric oxide synthase enzymes are discussed in the context of pesticide toxicology. Identification of the specific marker products derived from the interaction between ROS/RNS and the fluorescent probes (e.g., hydroethidine and coumarin boronate) is critical. Due to the complex nature of reactions between the probes and ROS/RNS, we suggest avoiding the use of fluorescence microscopy for detecting oxidizing/nitrating species. We also critically examined the viability of using radiolabeling or positron emission tomography (PET) for ROS/RNS detection. Although these techniques differ in sensitivity and detection modalities, the chemical mechanism governing the reaction between these probes and ROS/RNS should remain the same. To unequivocally detect superoxide with these probes (i.e., radiolabeled and PET-labeled hydroethidine analogs), the products should be isolated and characterized by LC-MS/MS or HPLC using an appropriate standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
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Tee JK, Ong CN, Bay BH, Ho HK, Leong DT. Oxidative stress by inorganic nanoparticles. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 8:414-38. [PMID: 26359790 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been increasingly used for various bio-applications owing to their unique physiochemical properties in terms of conductivity, optical sensitivity, and reactivity. With the extensive usage of NPs, increased human exposure may cause oxidative stress and lead to undesirable health consequences. To date, various endogenous and exogenous sources of oxidants contributing to oxidative stress have been widely reported. Oxidative stress is generally defined as an imbalance between the production of oxidants and the activity of antioxidants, but it is often misrepresented as a single type of cellular stress. At the biological level, NPs can initiate oxidative stress directly or indirectly through various mechanisms, leading to profound effects ranging from the molecular to the disease level. Such effects of oxidative stress have been implicated owing to their small size and high biopersistence. On the other hand, cellular antioxidants help to counteract oxidative stress and protect the cells from further damage. While oxidative stress is commonly known to exert negative biological effects, measured and intentional use of NPs to induce oxidative stress may provide desirable effects to either stimulate cell growth or promote cell death. Hence, NP-induced oxidative stress can be viewed from a wide paradigm. Because oxidative stress is comprised of a wide array of factors, it is also important to use appropriate assays and methods to detect different pro-oxidant and antioxidant species at molecular and disease levels. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:414-438. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1374 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kai Tee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
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Debowska K, Debski D, Hardy M, Jakubowska M, Kalyanaraman B, Marcinek A, Michalski R, Michalowski B, Ouari O, Sikora A, Smulik R, Zielonka J. Toward selective detection of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species with the use of fluorogenic probes--Limitations, progress, and perspectives. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:756-64. [PMID: 26321278 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 40 years, there has been tremendous progress in understanding the biological reactions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). It is widely accepted that the generation of ROS and RNS is involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes. To understand the role of ROS and RNS in a variety of pathologies, the specific detection of ROS and RNS is fundamental. Unfortunately, the intracellular detection and quantitation of ROS and RNS remains a challenge. In this short review, we have focused on the mechanistic and quantitative aspects of their detection with the use of selected fluorogenic probes. The challenges, limitations and perspectives of these methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Debowska
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Dawid Debski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, SREP, Centre de Saint Jérôme, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Malgorzata Jakubowska
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Andrzej Marcinek
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Radosław Michalski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Bartosz Michalowski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, SREP, Centre de Saint Jérôme, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Renata Smulik
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
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