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Van Campenhout R, Sanz-Serrano J, Cooreman A, De Vlaeminck Y, Breckpot K, Kadam P, Tabernilla A, Vinken M. Assessment of Connexin43 Hemichannel Functionality Based on Cytosolic Uptake of Yo-Pro1. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2801:75-85. [PMID: 38578414 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3842-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Connexin proteins are the building blocks of gap junctions and connexin hemichannels. Both provide a pathway for cellular communication. Gap junctions support intercellular communication mechanisms and regulate homeostasis. In contrast, open connexin hemichannels connect the intracellular compartment and the extracellular environment, and their activation fuels inflammation and cell death. The development of clinically applicable connexin hemichannel blockers for therapeutic purposes is therefore gaining momentum. This chapter describes a well-established protocol optimized for assessing connexin hemichannel activity by using the reporter dye Yo-Pro1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raf Van Campenhout
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Cooreman
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yannick De Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Prashant Kadam
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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2
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Lamouroux A, Tournier M, Iaculli D, Caufriez A, Rusiecka OM, Martin C, Bes V, Carpio LE, Girardin Y, Loris R, Tabernilla A, Molica F, Gozalbes R, Mayán MD, Vinken M, Kwak BR, Ballet S. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of Stapled 10Panx1 Analogues for Use in Cardiovascular Inflammatory Diseases. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13086-13102. [PMID: 37703077 PMCID: PMC10544015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Following a rational design, a series of macrocyclic ("stapled") peptidomimetics of 10Panx1, the most established peptide inhibitor of Pannexin1 (Panx1) channels, were developed and synthesized. Two macrocyclic analogues SBL-PX1-42 and SBL-PX1-44 outperformed the linear native peptide. During in vitro adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and Yo-Pro-1 uptake assays in a Panx1-expressing tumor cell line, both compounds were revealed to be promising bidirectional inhibitors of Panx1 channel function, able to induce a two-fold inhibition, as compared to the native 10Panx1 sequence. The introduction of triazole-based cross-links within the peptide backbones increased helical content and enhanced in vitro proteolytic stability in human plasma (>30-fold longer half-lives, compared to 10Panx1). In adhesion assays, a "double-stapled" peptide, SBL-PX1-206 inhibited ATP release from endothelial cells, thereby efficiently reducing THP-1 monocyte adhesion to a TNF-α-activated endothelial monolayer and making it a promising candidate for future in vivo investigations in animal models of cardiovascular inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Lamouroux
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Malaury Tournier
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology and Geneva Center for Inflammation Research,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Debora Iaculli
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Caufriez
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Research
Unit of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Laarbeeklaan
103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olga M. Rusiecka
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology and Geneva Center for Inflammation Research,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viviane Bes
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology and Geneva Center for Inflammation Research,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laureano E. Carpio
- ProtoQSAR
SL, Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Avda. Benjamin Franklin 12, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Yana Girardin
- Structural
Biology Brussels, Department of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Centre for
Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Remy Loris
- Structural
Biology Brussels, Department of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Centre for
Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Research
Unit of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Laarbeeklaan
103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filippo Molica
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology and Geneva Center for Inflammation Research,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Gozalbes
- ProtoQSAR
SL, Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Avda. Benjamin Franklin 12, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- MolDrug
AI Systems SL, c/Olimpia
Arozena 45, 46018 Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Mayán
- CellCOM
Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica
de A Coruña, Servizo Galego de Saúde, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Research
Unit of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Laarbeeklaan
103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brenda R. Kwak
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology and Geneva Center for Inflammation Research,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Caufriez A, Lamouroux A, Martin C, Iaculli D, Ince Ergüç E, Gozalbes R, Mayan MD, Kwak BR, Tabernilla A, Vinken M, Ballet S. Determination of structural features that underpin the pannexin1 channel inhibitory activity of the peptide 10Panx1. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106612. [PMID: 37210827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pannexin1 channels facilitate paracrine communication and are involved in a broad spectrum of diseases. Attempts to find appropriate pannexin1 channel inhibitors that showcase target-selective properties and in vivo applicability remain nonetheless scarce. However, a promising lead candidate, the ten amino acid long peptide mimetic 10Panx1 (H-Trp1-Arg2-Gln3-Ala4-Ala5-Phe6-Val7-Asp8-Ser9-Tyr10-OH), has shown potential as a pannexin1 channel inhibitor in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Nonetheless, structural optimization is critical for clinical use. One of the main hurdles to overcome along the optimization process consists of subduing the low biological stability (10Panx1 t1/2 = 2.27 ± 0.11 min). To tackle this issue, identification of important structural features within the decapeptide structure is warranted. For this reason, a structure-activity relationship study was performed to proteolytically stabilize the sequence. Through an Alanine scan, this study demonstrated that the side chains of Gln3 and Asp8 are crucial for 10Panx1's channel inhibitory capacity. Guided by plasma stability experiments, scissile amide bonds were identified and stabilized, while extracellular adenosine triphosphate release experiments, indicative of pannexin1 channel functionality, allowed to enhance the in vitro inhibitory capacity of 10Panx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Caufriez
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Research Group of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arthur Lamouroux
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Debora Iaculli
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elif Ince Ergüç
- Research Group of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rafael Gozalbes
- ProtoQSAR SL, Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Avda. Benjamin Franklin 12, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Maria D Mayan
- CellCOM Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, Servizo Galego de Saúde, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Research Group of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Research Group of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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4
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Van Campenhout R, Caufriez A, Tabernilla A, Maerten A, De Boever S, Sanz-Serrano J, Kadam P, Vinken M. Pannexin1 channels in the liver: an open enemy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1220405. [PMID: 37492223 PMCID: PMC10363690 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1220405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin1 proteins form communication channels at the cell plasma membrane surface, which allow the transfer of small molecules and ions between the intracellular compartment and extracellular environment. In this way, pannexin1 channels play an important role in various cellular processes and diseases. Indeed, a plethora of human pathologies is associated with the activation of pannexin1 channels. The present paper reviews and summarizes the structure, life cycle, regulation and (patho)physiological roles of pannexin1 channels, with a particular focus on the relevance of pannexin1 channels in liver diseases.
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5
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Van Campenhout R, Leroy K, Cooreman A, Tabernilla A, Cogliati B, Kadam P, Vinken M. Connexin-Based Channels in the Liver. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4147-4163. [PMID: 35950654 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Connexin proteins oligomerize in hexameric structures called connexin hemichannels, which then dock to form gap junctions. Gap junctions direct cell-cell communication by allowing the exchange of small molecules and ions between neighboring cells. In this way, hepatic gap junctions support liver homeostasis. Besides serving as building blocks for gap junctions, connexin hemichannels provide a pathway between the intracellular and the extracellular environment. The activation of connexin hemichannels is associated with acute and chronic liver pathologies. This article discusses the role of gap junctions and connexin hemichannels in the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:1-17, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raf Van Campenhout
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kaat Leroy
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Cooreman
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Prashant Kadam
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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6
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Caufriez A, Tabernilla A, Van Campenhout R, Cooreman A, Leroy K, Sanz Serrano J, Kadam P, dos Santos Rodrigues B, Lamouroux A, Ballet S, Vinken M. Effects of Drugs Formerly Suggested for COVID-19 Repurposing on Pannexin1 Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105664. [PMID: 35628472 PMCID: PMC9146942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many efforts have been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of COVID-19, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully uncovered. However, it is known that a dysfunctional immune response and the accompanying uncontrollable inflammation lead to troublesome outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Pannexin1 channels are put forward as interesting drug targets for the treatment of COVID-19 due to their key role in inflammation and their link to other viral infections. In the present study, we selected a panel of drugs previously tested in clinical trials as potential candidates for the treatment of COVID-19 early on in the pandemic, including hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, dexamethasone, ribavirin, remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir, and ritonavir. The effect of the drugs on pannexin1 channels was assessed at a functional level by means of measurement of extracellular ATP release. Immunoblot analysis and real-time quantitative reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to study the potential of the drugs to alter pannexin1 protein and mRNA expression levels, respectively. Favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and the combination of lopinavir with ritonavir were found to inhibit pannexin1 channel activity without affecting pannexin1 protein or mRNA levels. Thusthree new inhibitors of pannexin1 channels were identified that, though currently not being used anymore for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, could be potential drug candidates for other pannexin1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Caufriez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
- Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Raf Van Campenhout
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Axelle Cooreman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Kaat Leroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Julen Sanz Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Prashant Kadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Bruna dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Arthur Lamouroux
- Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Steven Ballet
- Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2477-4587
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Cooreman A, Caufriez A, Tabernilla A, Van Campenhout R, Leroy K, Kadam P, Sanz Serrano J, dos Santos Rodrigues B, Annaert P, Vinken M. Effects of Drugs Formerly Proposed for COVID-19 Treatment on Connexin43 Hemichannels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095018. [PMID: 35563409 PMCID: PMC9103705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin43 (Cx43) hemichannels form a pathway for cellular communication between the cell and its extracellular environment. Under pathological conditions, Cx43 hemichannels release adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which triggers inflammation. Over the past two years, azithromycin, chloroquine, dexamethasone, favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, remdesivir, ribavirin, and ritonavir have been proposed as drugs for the treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with prominent systemic inflammation. The current study aimed to investigate if Cx43 hemichannels, being key players in inflammation, could be affected by these drugs which were formerly designated as COVID-19 drugs. For this purpose, Cx43-transduced cells were exposed to these drugs. The effects on Cx43 hemichannel activity were assessed by measuring extracellular ATP release, while the effects at the transcriptional and translational levels were monitored by means of real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunoblot analysis, respectively. Exposure to lopinavir and ritonavir combined (4:1 ratio), as well as to remdesivir, reduced Cx43 mRNA levels. None of the tested drugs affected Cx43 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Cooreman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Anne Caufriez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Raf Van Campenhout
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Kaat Leroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Prashant Kadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Julen Sanz Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Bruna dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (K.L.); (P.K.); (J.S.S.); (B.d.S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2477-4587
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8
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Leroy K, Silva Costa CJ, Pieters A, dos Santos Rodrigues B, Van Campenhout R, Cooreman A, Tabernilla A, Cogliati B, Vinken M. Expression and Functionality of Connexin-Based Channels in Human Liver Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12187. [PMID: 34830068 PMCID: PMC8623148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer cell lines are frequently used in vitro tools to test candidate anti-cancer agents as well as to elucidate mechanisms of liver carcinogenesis. Among such mechanisms is cellular communication mediated by connexin-based gap junctions. The present study investigated changes in connexin expression and gap junction functionality in liver cancer in vitro. For this purpose, seven human liver cancer cell lines, as well as primary human hepatocytes, were subjected to connexin and gap junction analysis at the transcriptional, translational and activity level. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed enhanced expression of connexin43 in the majority of liver cancer cell lines at the expense of connexin32 and connexin26. Some of these changes were paralleled at the protein level, as evidenced by immunoblot analysis and in situ immunocytochemistry. Gap junctional intercellular communication, assessed by the scrape loading/dye transfer assay, was generally low in all liver cancer cell lines. Collectively, these results provide a full scenario of modifications in hepatocyte connexin production and gap junction activity in cultured liver cancer cell lines. The findings may be valuable for the selection of neoplastic hepatocytes for future mechanistic investigation and testing of anti-cancer drugs that target connexins and their channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Leroy
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (A.P.); (B.d.S.R.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Cícero Júlio Silva Costa
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (C.J.S.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Alanah Pieters
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (A.P.); (B.d.S.R.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Bruna dos Santos Rodrigues
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (A.P.); (B.d.S.R.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Raf Van Campenhout
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (A.P.); (B.d.S.R.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Axelle Cooreman
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (A.P.); (B.d.S.R.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (A.P.); (B.d.S.R.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (C.J.S.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (A.P.); (B.d.S.R.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (A.T.)
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Tabernilla A, dos Santos Rodrigues B, Pieters A, Caufriez A, Leroy K, Van Campenhout R, Cooreman A, Gomes AR, Arnesdotter E, Gijbels E, Vinken M. In Vitro Liver Toxicity Testing of Chemicals: A Pragmatic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5038. [PMID: 34068678 PMCID: PMC8126138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is among the most frequently targeted organs by noxious chemicals of diverse nature. Liver toxicity testing using laboratory animals not only raises serious ethical questions, but is also rather poorly predictive of human safety towards chemicals. Increasing attention is, therefore, being paid to the development of non-animal and human-based testing schemes, which rely to a great extent on in vitro methodology. The present paper proposes a rationalized tiered in vitro testing strategy to detect liver toxicity triggered by chemicals, in which the first tier is focused on assessing general cytotoxicity, while the second tier is aimed at identifying liver-specific toxicity as such. A state-of-the-art overview is provided of the most commonly used in vitro assays that can be used in both tiers. Advantages and disadvantages of each assay as well as overall practical considerations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.T.); (B.d.S.R.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (A.R.G.); (E.A.); (E.G.)
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Cooreman A, Van Campenhout R, Crespo Yanguas S, Gijbels E, Leroy K, Pieters A, Tabernilla A, Van Brantegem P, Annaert P, Cogliati B, Vinken M. Cholestasis Differentially Affects Liver Connexins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6534. [PMID: 32906817 PMCID: PMC7116118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins are goal keepers of tissue homeostasis, including in the liver. As a result, they are frequently involved in disease. The current study was set up to investigate the effects of cholestatic disease on the production of connexin26, connexin32 and connexin43 in the liver. For this purpose, bile duct ligation, a well-known trigger of cholestatic liver injury, was applied to mice. In parallel, human hepatoma HepaRG cell cultures were exposed to cholestatic drugs and bile acids. Samples from both the in vivo and in vitro settings were subsequently subjected to assessment of mRNA and protein quantities as well as to in situ immunostaining. While the outcome of cholestasis on connexin26 and connexin43 varied among experimental settings, a more generalized repressing effect was seen for connexin32. This has also been observed in many other liver pathologies and could suggest a role for connexin32 as a robust biomarker of liver disease and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Cooreman
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (R.V.C.); (S.C.Y.); (E.G.); (K.L.); (A.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Raf Van Campenhout
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (R.V.C.); (S.C.Y.); (E.G.); (K.L.); (A.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Sara Crespo Yanguas
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (R.V.C.); (S.C.Y.); (E.G.); (K.L.); (A.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Eva Gijbels
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (R.V.C.); (S.C.Y.); (E.G.); (K.L.); (A.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Kaat Leroy
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (R.V.C.); (S.C.Y.); (E.G.); (K.L.); (A.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alanah Pieters
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (R.V.C.); (S.C.Y.); (E.G.); (K.L.); (A.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (R.V.C.); (S.C.Y.); (E.G.); (K.L.); (A.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Pieter Van Brantegem
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.V.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (P.V.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil;
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (R.V.C.); (S.C.Y.); (E.G.); (K.L.); (A.P.); (A.T.)
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Leroy K, Pieters A, Tabernilla A, Cooreman A, Van Campenhout R, Cogliati B, Vinken M. Targeting gap junctional intercellular communication by hepatocarcinogenic compounds. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2020; 23:255-275. [PMID: 32568623 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2020.1781010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gap junctions in liver, as in other organs, play a critical role in tissue homeostasis. Inherently, these cellular constituents are major targets for systemic toxicity and diseases, including cancer. This review provides an overview of chemicals that compromise liver gap junctions, in particular biological toxins, organic solvents, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, peroxides, metals and phthalates. The focus in this review is placed upon the mechanistic scenarios that underlie these adverse effects. Further, the potential use of gap junctional activity as an in vitro biomarker to identify non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogenic chemicals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Leroy
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alanah Pieters
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Cooreman
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raf Van Campenhout
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Cidade Universitária , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium
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Yendewa GA, Sahr F, Lakoh S, Ruiz M, Patiño L, Tabernilla A, Deen GF, Sesay M, Salata RA, Poveda E. Prevalence of drug resistance mutations among ART-naive and -experienced HIV-infected patients in Sierra Leone. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:2024-2029. [PMID: 30989237 PMCID: PMC6587425 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in HIV-infected ART-naive and -experienced patients in Sierra Leone. Patients and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of HIV-positive adults aged ≥18 years at Connaught Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone in November 2017. Sequencing was performed in the reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase regions, and interpreted using the Stanford HIVDR database and WHO 2009 mutation list. Results Two hundred and fifteen HIV-infected patients were included (64 ART naive and 151 ART experienced). The majority (66%) were female, the median age was 36 years and the median ART exposure was 48 months. The majority (83%) were infected with HIV-1 subtype CRF02_AG. In the ART-naive group, the pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) prevalence was 36.7% (14.2% to NRTIs and 22.4% to NNRTIs). The most prevalent PDR mutations were K103N (14.3%), M184V (8.2%) and Y181C (4.1%). In the ART-experienced group, 64.4% harboured resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) and the overall prevalence of RAMs to NRTIs and NNRTIs was 85.2% (52/61) and 96.7% (59/61), respectively. The most prevalent RAMs were K103N (40.7%), M184V (28.8%), D67N (15.3%) and T215I/F/Y (15.3%). Based on the genotypic susceptibility score estimates, 22.4% of ART-naive patients and 56% of ART-experienced patients were not susceptible to first-line ART used in Sierra Leone. Conclusions A high prevalence of circulating NRTI- and NNRTI-resistant variants was observed in ART-naive and -experienced HIV-1-infected patients in Sierra Leone. This necessitates the implementation of HIVDR surveillance programmes to inform national ART guidelines for the treatment and monitoring of HIV-infected patients in Sierra Leone.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Yendewa
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Foday Sahr
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Sulaiman Lakoh
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Marta Ruiz
- Group of Virology and Pathogenesis, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, SERGAS-UVigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucia Patiño
- Group of Virology and Pathogenesis, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, SERGAS-UVigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Group of Virology and Pathogenesis, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, SERGAS-UVigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Gibrilla F Deen
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Momodu Sesay
- National HIV/AIDS Secretariat, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Robert A Salata
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eva Poveda
- Group of Virology and Pathogenesis, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, SERGAS-UVigo, Vigo, Spain
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Poveda E, Tabernilla A, Fitzgerald W, Salgado-Barreira Á, Grandal M, Pérez A, Mariño A, Álvarez H, Valcarce N, González-García J, Bernardino JI, Gutierrez F, Fujioka H, Crespo M, Ruiz-Mateos E, Margolis L, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. Massive release of CD9+ microvesicles in HIV infection, regardless of virologic control. J Infect Dis 2020; 225:1040-1049. [PMID: 32603406 PMCID: PMC8922002 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis is unknown. We examine the cellular origin of plasma microvesicles (MVs), a type of ectocytosis-derived EV, the presence of mitochondria in MVs, and their relationship to circulating cell-free mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (ccf-mtDNA) in HIV-infected patients and controls. Methods Five participant groups were defined: 30 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive; 30 ART-treated with nondetectable viremia; 30 elite controllers; 30 viremic controllers; and 30 HIV-uninfected controls. Microvesicles were quantified and characterized from plasma samples by flow cytometry. MitoTrackerDeepRed identified MVs containing mitochondria and ccf-mtDNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Microvesicle numbers were expanded at least 10-fold in all HIV-infected groups compared with controls. More than 79% were platelet-derived MVs. Proportions of MVs containing mitochondria (22.3% vs 41.6%) and MV mitochondrial density (706 vs 1346) were significantly lower among HIV-infected subjects than controls, lowest levels for those on ART. Microvesicle numbers correlated with ccf-mtDNA levels that were higher among HIV-infected patients. Conclusions A massive release of platelet-derived MVs occurs during HIV infection. Some MVs contain mitochondria, but their proportion and mitochondrial densities were lower in HIV infection than in controls. Platelet-derived MVs may be biomarkers of platelet activation, possibly reflecting pathogenesis even in absence of HIV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Poveda
- Group of Virology and Pathogenesis, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, SERGAS-UVigo, Spain
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Group of Virology and Pathogenesis, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, SERGAS-UVigo, Spain
| | - Wendy Fitzgerald
- Section of Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ángel Salgado-Barreira
- Methodology and Statistics Unit, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, SERGAS-UVigo, Spain
| | - Marta Grandal
- Group of Virology and Pathogenesis, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, SERGAS-UVigo, Spain
| | - Alexandre Pérez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, IIS Galicia Sur, SERGAS-UVigo, Spain
| | - Ana Mariño
- Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital Ferrol, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Félix Gutierrez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General de Elche and Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Hisashi Fujioka
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Core, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Manuel Crespo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, IIS Galicia Sur, SERGAS-UVigo, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section of Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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14
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Pernas B, Rego-Pérez I, Tabernilla A, Balboa V, Relaño S, Grandal M, Crespo M, Mena Á, Castro-Iglesias Á, Blanco FJ, Poveda E. Plasma mitochondrial DNA levels are inversely associated with HIV-RNA levels and directly with CD4 counts: potential role as a biomarker of HIV replication. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:3159-3162. [PMID: 28961892 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate plasma mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels among HIV-infected patients and its potential role as a biomarker of residual viral replication. Methods HIV-infected patients on follow-up at a reference hospital in north-west Spain were selected. DNA was isolated from plasma samples and mtDNA levels were assessed using a quantitative real-time PCR assay. HIV-RNA levels and CD4+ cell counts were evaluated in the same blood samples used for plasma mtDNA quantification. Epidemiological and clinical variables were included for the analysis. Results A total of 235 HIV-infected patients were included. Mean plasma mtDNA levels were 217 ± 656 copies/μL for naive (31.9%) and 364 ± 939 copies/μL for HIV-infected patients receiving ART and with suppressed viraemia (P = 0.043). Among the latter, mean plasma mtDNA levels were 149 ± 440 copies/μL for those with low-level viraemia (LLV; HIV-RNA 20-200 copies/mL), 265 ± 723 copies/μL for those with detected-not-quantified (DNQ) viraemia (HIV-RNA <20 copies/mL) and 644 ± 1310 copies/μL for those with not-detected (ND) viraemia. Of note, a linear trend (P = 0.006) was observed among virologically suppressed (LLV, DNQ and ND) patients. ND patients had higher mtDNA levels compared with LLV patients (P = 0.057). Moreover, mtDNA levels were inversely associated with HIV-RNA levels (Spearman's rho -0.191, P = 0.003) and directly associated with CD4+ counts (Spearman's rho 0.131, P = 0.046). Conclusions Increased plasma mtDNA levels are associated with lower HIV-RNA levels and higher CD4+ cell counts. Among ART-suppressed patients, mtDNA levels were significantly higher in those with complete virological suppression (ND) than in those with LLV. These data suggest that plasma mtDNA levels might serve as a biomarker of residual HIV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Pernas
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rego-Pérez
- Grupo de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Vanesa Balboa
- Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sara Relaño
- Plataforma de Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marta Grandal
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel Crespo
- Internal Medicine Department, IIS Galicia Sur, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Álvaro Mena
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángeles Castro-Iglesias
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Grupo de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eva Poveda
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
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Grandal M, Pernas B, Tabernilla A, Mariño A, Álvarez H, Valcarce N, Mena A, Castro-Iglesias A, Pérez AB, Delgado M, Poveda E. Prevalence of NS5A resistance associated substitutions in patients with hepatitis C virus genotypes 1a and 3: Impact on current therapeutic strategies. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1094-1098. [PMID: 29427437 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The presence of resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) at NS5A region might compromise the efficacy of Direct Acting Antiviral agents (DAAs). HCV resistance at NS5A region is mainly focused on patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1a (G1a) and 3 (G3) with other factors of poor treatment response (ie cirrhosis, prior treatment-exposure, or HCV-RNA >800 000 IU/mL). Herein, we evaluated in a cohort of HCV G1a and G3 infected patients the prevalence of RASs at domain I NS5A using population-based sequencing and the impact of RASs on the optimization of current therapeutic strategies. The RASs considered as clinically relevant were: M28A/G/T, Q30D/E/H/G/K/L/R, L31M/V/F, H58D, and Y93C/H/N/S for G1a and Y93H for G3. A total of 232 patients naïve to NS5A inhibitors were included (166 G1a, 66 G3). The overall prevalence of NS5A RASs for G1a and G3 patients was low (5.5%) or null, respectively. A high proportion of patients harbored, at least, one factor of poor response (78.9% for G1a, and 75.8% for G3). Overall, the rates of patients harboring NS5A RASs in combination with any of the other factors were low and the vast majority of patients (G1a> 94% and G3 100%) could be treated with standard treatments of 12 weeks without ribavirin. In conclusion, testing NS5A RASs in specific HCV-infected populations (ie G1a & G3, cirrhosis, prior treatment experienced, HCV-RNA >800 000 IU/mL) might be useful to optimize current NS5A-based therapies avoiding ribavirin-related toxicities, and shortening treatment duration in the majority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grandal
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Berta Pernas
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Mariño
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Sergas, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Hortensia Álvarez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Sergas, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Nieves Valcarce
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Sergas, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Alvaro Mena
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Angeles Castro-Iglesias
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana B Pérez
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación IBS, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Delgado
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eva Poveda
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas. Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
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Grandal M, Pernas B, Mariño A, Álvarez H, Tabernilla A, Castro-Iglesias Á, Mena Á, Delgado M, Pértega S, Poveda E. Characterization of chronic HCV infection in Northwest Spain: Impact of the treatment strategic plan of the Spanish National Health Service on HCV cure. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1304-1308. [PMID: 28079256 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to characterize HCV infection in Northwest Spain and assess the impact of the Spanish Strategic Plan to cure HCV infection. Overall, 387 patients were included (60.9% HIV/HCV coinfected and 28.2% cirrhotic). Of these, 72.9% of patients that were recognized as priority for HCV treatment according to the Spanish Strategic Plan (≥F2, transplant or extrahepatic manifestations), initiated treatment during 2015. Globally, SVR12 was achieved in 96.5% of patients. The implementation of the Spanish Strategic Plan has been critical to advance in HCV cure, but 27.1% of priority patients still remain awaiting HCV treatment initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grandal
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña. A Coruña, Spain
| | - Berta Pernas
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña. A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Mariño
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), SERGAS. Ferrol, Spain
| | - Hortensia Álvarez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), SERGAS. Ferrol, Spain
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña. A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángeles Castro-Iglesias
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña. A Coruña, Spain
| | - Álvaro Mena
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña. A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel Delgado
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña. A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sonia Pértega
- Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIIBC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC). A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eva Poveda
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña. A Coruña, Spain
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17
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Rodríguez-Osorio I, Cid P, Morano L, Castro Á, Suárez M, Delgado M, Margusino L, Meijide H, Pernas B, Tabernilla A, Pedreira JD, Mena Á, Poveda E. Real life experience with direct-acting antivirals agents against hepatitis C infection in elderly patients. J Clin Virol 2017; 88:58-61. [PMID: 28183063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New direct-acting antivirals agents (DAAs) are very safe and well tolerated. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to analyse the efficacy and safety of DAAs in elderly patients, who have co-morbidities and are on chronic medications. STUDY DESIGN All HCV-infected patients over 65 years old in clinical follow-up at two Hospitals in Spain who initiated anti-HCV therapy were included (August 2012-October 2015). RESULTS A total of 120 HCV mono-infected patients were recorded. Mean age of patients was 72.6±7.4years. There were 53.3% women and GT1b was the most frequent (83.3%); 64.2% had cirrhosis and 42.5% were treatment experienced. Ombitasvir+Paritaprevir/r±Dasabuvir±Ribavirin (RBV) and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir±RBV were the most frequently used regimens. Weight-adjusted dosing of RBV was included in 61.7% and 43.6% of them required a dose reduction. Most of the patients (86.7%) had concomitant chronic medication and in 35.8% adjustment was necessary. Adverse events (AE) were seen in 65% of the patients; more frequent when a protease inhibitor (PI) was being used. The sustained virological response (SVR12) per ITT was 88.3%. Only 3 patients discontinued treatment and 2 patients died. CONCLUSIONS High rates of SVR12 (88.3%) were observed among elderly patients with DAAs-based regimens. The presence of AE was frequent (65%). The majority of these patients (86.7%) had concomitant medication that required adjustment in 1/3 of them. These findings highlight the high rates of response to DAAs in the elderly HCV-population. However, special caution must be taken when using RBV and a PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria Rodríguez-Osorio
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Spain
| | - Purificación Cid
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Spain
| | - Luis Morano
- Unidad de Patología Infecciosa, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Complejo Universitario de Vigo, Spain
| | - Ángeles Castro
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Spain
| | - Marta Suárez
- Unidad de Patología Infecciosa, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Complejo Universitario de Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel Delgado
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Spain
| | - Luis Margusino
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Spain
| | - Héctor Meijide
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Quirón, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Berta Pernas
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Spain
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Spain
| | - José D Pedreira
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Spain
| | - Álvaro Mena
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Spain.
| | - Eva Poveda
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), Spain
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Pernas B, Grandal M, Tabernilla A, Cid P, Pértega S, Castro-Iglesias Á, Mena Á, Margusino L, Pedreira JD, Poveda E. Long-term clinical experience with darunavir (2007-2015) in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients in Spain. J Med Virol 2016; 88:2125-2131. [PMID: 27218208 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The clinical experience with the protease inhibitor darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) was retrospectively evaluated in a cohort of 173 HIV+ patients who initiated antiretroviral treatment including DRV/r (period 2007-2015). The 43.2% had a CD4 nadir ≤100 cells/mm3 , 64.1% were treatment-experienced, and 36.5% had failed to >3 lines of antiretroviral therapy. Nonetheless, the rate of virological suppression (HIV-RNA <50 copies/ml) in naïve patients was 63%, 66.7%, and 63.6% at 48, 96, and 144 weeks, respectively. The rate of virological suppression in treatment-experienced patients was 62.7%, 78.7%, and 79.1% at 48, 96, and 144 weeks, respectively. No differences were observed according to the immunovirological status neither dosage of DRV/r. Most of them (82.6%) maintained DRV/r treatment. Causes for DRV/r discontinuation were mainly gastrointestinal and cutaneous adverse events (10.5%), switch to simplification treatment strategies (3.5%) and virological failure (1.7%). These findings demonstrate the prolonged efficacy and tolerability of DRV/r even in multi-treated HIV+ patients with an unfavorable immunovirological status. J. Med. Virol. 88:2125-2131, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Pernas
- Division of Clinical Virology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marta Grandal
- Division of Clinical Virology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Division of Clinical Virology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Purificación Cid
- Service of Pharmacy, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sonia Pértega
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángeles Castro-Iglesias
- Division of Clinical Virology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Álvaro Mena
- Division of Clinical Virology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luis Margusino
- Service of Pharmacy, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
| | - José D Pedreira
- Division of Clinical Virology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eva Poveda
- Division of Clinical Virology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
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Poveda E, Tabernilla A. New Insights into HIV-1 Persistence in Sanctuary Sites During Antiretroviral Therapy. AIDS Rev 2016; 18:55. [PMID: 27028272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Current combinations of antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV infection can successfully achieve and maintain long-term suppression of HIV-1 replication in plasma. Still, none of these therapies is capable of eradicating the virus from the long-lived cellular reservoir that represents the major barrier to HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Poveda
- Division of Clinical Virology, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Division of Clinical Virology, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, A Coruña, Spain
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Pernas B, Grandal M, Pertega S, Cañizares A, Castro-Iglesias Á, Mena Á, Rodriguez-Osorio I, Tabernilla A, Pedreira JD, Poveda E. Any impact of blips and low-level viraemia episodes among HIV-infected patients with sustained virological suppression on ART? J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 71:1051-5. [PMID: 26702924 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of blips and risk of virological failure (VF) among HIV-infected patients with sustained virological suppression (HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL) on ART. METHODS Newly diagnosed (2004-13) HIV-infected patients with sustained virological suppression on ART (minimum follow-up of 3 months) were identified. Risk of VF was evaluated according to different plasma HIV-RNA quantification values based on the limits of quantification/detection of current commercial assays (20 copies/mL). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the cumulative incidence of VF. RESULTS A total of 565 newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients were identified: 453 started ART and 354 achieved virological suppression. Prevalence of blips (isolated HIV-RNA ranging from 50 to 200 copies/mL) and VF (HIV-RNA ≥50 copies/mL) was 22.7% and 8.8%, respectively (mean follow-up of 42 months). Multivariate analysis identified differences between HIV-RNA values as an independent predictor of VF (P = 0.008); risk of VF was higher for patients with blips [HR 2.500 (95% CI 0.524-11.926)] and for those with at least three consecutive detected, but not quantified, HIV-RNA determinations (HIV-RNA <20 copies/mL) [HR 3.813 (95% CI 0.675-21.535)]. Moreover, only HIV-infected patients with at least three consecutive detected, but not quantified, HIV-RNA determinations showed a higher probability of virological rebound with >200 copies/mL [33.7% at 24 and 60 months versus <5% for other HIV-RNA values; HR 6.943 (0.728-66.261), P = 0.092]. CONCLUSIONS Blips are frequent (22.7%) among HIV-infected patients with sustained virological suppression on ART. HIV patients with blips and at least three consecutive detected, but not quantified, HIV-RNA determinations (<20 copies/mL) had a higher risk of VF. These findings highlight the relevance of maintaining HIV-RNA levels below the limits of quantification of current assays (<20 copies/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Pernas
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marta Grandal
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sonia Pertega
- Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Angelina Cañizares
- Servicio de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángeles Castro-Iglesias
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Álvaro Mena
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Iria Rodriguez-Osorio
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - José D Pedreira
- Servicio de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eva Poveda
- Grupo de Virología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Tabernilla A, Poveda E. The START Trial: Definitive Evidence to Treat All HIV-Positive Persons Regardless of CD4 Counts. AIDS Rev 2015; 17:187. [PMID: 26450809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Tabernilla
- Division of Clinical Virology, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eva Poveda
- Division of Clinical Virology, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, A Coruña, Spain
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