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Fayad FH, Sellke FW, Feng J. Pulmonary hypertension associated with cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac surgery. J Card Surg 2022; 37:5269-5287. [PMID: 36378925 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.17160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is frequently associated with cardiovascular surgery and is a common complication that has been observed after surgery utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The purpose of this review is to explain the characteristics of PH, the mechanisms of PH induced by cardiac surgery and CPB, treatments for postoperative PH, and future directions in treating PH induced by cardiac surgery and CPB using up-to-date findings. METHODS The PubMed database was utilized to find published articles. RESULTS There are many mechanisms that contribute to PH after cardiac surgery and CPB which involve pulmonary vasomotor dysfunction, cyclooxygenase, the thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin pathway, the nitric oxide pathway, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, there are several effective treatments for postoperative PH within different types of cardiac surgery. CONCLUSIONS By possessing a deep understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to PH after cardiac surgery and CPB, researchers can develop treatments for clinicians to use which target the mechanisms of PH and ultimately reduce and/or eliminate postoperative PH. Additionally, learning about the most up-to-date studies regarding treatments can allow clinicians to choose the best treatments for patients who are undergoing cardiac surgery and CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez H Fayad
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Program in Liberal Medical Education, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Frank W Sellke
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jun Feng
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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2
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Hu L, Guo Y, Song L, Wen H, Sun N, Wang Y, Qi B, Liang Q, Geng J, Liu X, Fu F, Li Y. Nicotinamide riboside promotes Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion in diabetic hearts through the SIRT1-PGC1α-PPARα pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 183:75-88. [PMID: 35318101 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial dysfunction is associated with an imbalance in mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics in patients with diabetes. However, effective strategies to regulate mitochondrial dynamics in the diabetic heart are still lacking. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in both cardiovascular and aging-related diseases. This study investigated whether NR protects against diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction by regulating mitochondrial fusion/fission and further explored the underlying mechanisms. Here, we showed an evident decrease in NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) levels and mitochondrial fragmentation in the hearts of leptin receptor-deficient diabetic (db/db) mouse models. NR supplementation significantly increased NAD+ content in the diabetic hearts and promoted mitochondrial fusion by elevating Mfn2 level. Furthermore, NR-induced mitochondrial fusion suppressed mitochondrial H2O2 and O2•- production and reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in both db/db mice hearts and neonatal primary cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assay analyses revealed that PGC1α and PPARα interdependently regulated Mfn2 transcription by binding to its promoter region. NR treatment elevated NAD+ levels and activated SIRT1, resulting in the deacetylation of PGC1α and promoting the transcription of Mfn2. These findings suggested the promotion of mitochondrial fusion via oral supplementation of NR as a potential strategy for delaying cardiac complications in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yanjie Guo
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Liqiang Song
- Department of Respirology, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - He Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Bingchao Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xuteng Liu
- First Cadet Regiment, School of Basic Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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Abstract
Redox proteomics is a field of proteomics that is concerned with the characterization of the oxidation state of proteins to gain information about their modulated structure, function, activity, and involvement in different physiological pathways. Oxidative modifications of proteins have been shown to be implicated in normal physiological processes of cells as well as in pathomechanisms leading to the development of cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and some rare hereditary metabolic diseases, like classic galactosemia. Reactive oxygen species generate a variety of reversible and irreversible modifications in amino acid residue side chains and within the protein backbone. These oxidative post-translational modifications (Ox-PTMs) can participate in the activation of signal transduction pathways and mediate the toxicity of harmful oxidants. Thus the application of advanced redox proteomics technologies is important for gaining insights into molecular mechanisms of diseases. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics is one of the most powerful methods that can be used to give detailed qualitative and quantitative information on protein modifications and allows us to characterize redox proteomes associated with diseases. This Review illustrates the role and biological consequences of Ox-PTMs under basal and oxidative stress conditions by focusing on protein carbonylation and S-glutathionylation, two abundant modifications with an impact on cellular pathways that have been intensively studied during the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef Mannaa
- Borg AlArab Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology , New Borg AlArab City , Alexandria , Egypt
| | - Franz-Georg Hanisch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty , University of Cologne , Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52 , 50931 Cologne , Germany
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Schlüter KD, Kutsche HS, Hirschhäuser C, Schreckenberg R, Schulz R. Review on Chamber-Specific Differences in Right and Left Heart Reactive Oxygen Species Handling. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1799. [PMID: 30618811 PMCID: PMC6304434 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert signaling character (redox signaling), or damaging character (oxidative stress) on cardiac tissue depending on their concentration and/or reactivity. The steady state of ROS concentration is determined by the interplay between its production (mitochondrial, cytosolic, and sarcolemmal enzymes) and ROS defense enzymes (mitochondria, cytosol). Recent studies suggest that ROS regulation is different in the left and right ventricle of the heart, specifically by a different activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Mitochondrial ROS defense seems to be lower in right ventricular tissue compared to left ventricular tissue. In this review we summarize the current evidence for heart chamber specific differences in ROS regulation that may play a major role in an observed inability of the right ventricle to compensate for cardiac stress such as pulmonary hypertension. Based on the current knowledge regimes to increase ROS defense in right ventricular tissue should be in the focus for the development of future therapies concerning right heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Sarah Kutsche
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Schreckenberg
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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5
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Shults NV, Melnyk O, Suzuki DI, Suzuki YJ. Redox Biology of Right-Sided Heart Failure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7080106. [PMID: 30096794 PMCID: PMC6115847 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7080106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Right-sided heart failure is the major cause of death among patients who suffer from various forms of pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart disease. The right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) originate from different progenitor cells and function against very different blood pressures. However, differences between the RV and LV formed after birth have not been well defined. Work from our laboratory and others has accumulated evidence that redox signaling, oxidative stress and antioxidant regulation are important components that define the RV/LV differences. The present article summarizes the progress in understanding the roles of redox biology in the RV chamber-specificity. Understanding the mechanisms of RV/LV differences should help develop selective therapeutic strategies to help patients who are susceptible to and suffering from right-sided heart failure. Modulations of redox biology may provide effective therapeutic avenues for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia V Shults
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Oleksiy Melnyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Dante I Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Yuichiro J Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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6
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Suzuki YJ, Shults NV. Redox Signaling in the Right Ventricle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 967:315-323. [PMID: 29047095 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a devastating disease without cure. The major cause of death among patients with pulmonary hypertension is right heart failure; however, biology of the right heart is not well understood. This lack of knowledge interferes with developing effective therapeutic strategies to treat these patients. In this chapter, we summarize studies performed in our laboratory that investigated the role of redox signaling in the regulation of the right ventricle (RV), using rat models of experimental pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure. Specifically, this chapter covers the topics of (a) redox regulation of serotonin signaling in the RV, (b) the carbonylation-degradation pathway of signal transduction in RV hypertrophy and (c) oxidative modifications in the RV of the SU5416/ovalbumin model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. These studies revealed that redox regulation in the RV is complex and simply giving lots of antioxidants to patients will unlikely benefit them. Deeper understanding of specific and selective redox mechanisms should shed light on how we can develop therapeutic strategies by modulating redox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro J Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Nataliia V Shults
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
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7
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Corbineau S, Breton M, Mialet-Perez J, Costemale-Lacoste JF. Major depression and heart failure: Interest of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Int J Cardiol 2017; 247:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Nezafati MH, Eshraghi A, Vojdanparast M, Abtahi S, Nezafati P. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cardiovascular events: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 21:66. [PMID: 27904611 PMCID: PMC5122239 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.189647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the importance of the role of depression in predicting the outcome of cardiovascular disorders, current medications for treating depression, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are taken into consideration. This study aimed to systematically review the published findings in the use of SSRIs and the risk for cardiac events. MATERIALS AND METHODS An independent review of the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, CINAHL, index Copernicus, and Google Scholar, up to 2014, was performed. We identified studies evaluating the effect of SSRIs, on cardiovascular events. Articles in English with full text availability, review articles, and experimental studies were included in the study. Among 150 studies reviewed based on the included keywords, 17 met the study criteria and were finally reviewed. RESULTS The use of some types of SSRIs may prevent platelet adhesion and aggregation; control the cardiovascular risk profile including hypertension, insulin resistance, and body weight; and also inhibit inflammatory processes. The appearance of adverse cardiac events, including cardiac arrhythmias (torsade de pointes and QT prolongation), syncope, increased systolic and diastolic right ventricular volume, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading atherosclerosis development, has also been expected with the chronic use of some types of SSRIs. CONCLUSION According to our systematic review, both beneficial and adverse cardiovascular events can be established following the chronic use of various types of SSRIs. Therefore, when taking SSRIs, the cardiovascular effect of each SSRI has to be carefully considered, based on patients' cardiovascular risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Nezafati
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Eshraghi
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vojdanparast
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Abtahi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouya Nezafati
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Zungu-Edmondson M, Suzuki YJ. Differential stress response mechanisms in right and left ventricles. JOURNAL OF RARE DISEASES RESEARCH & TREATMENT 2016; 1:39-45. [PMID: 27853755 PMCID: PMC5108583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) failure is the major cause of death among patients with pulmonary hypertension. However, differences between the RV and left ventricle (LV) of the adult heart have not been defined, despite myocytes from these two ventricles originate from different progenitor cells. The lack of such knowledge interferes with developing therapeutic strategies to protect the RV. The goal of this study was to identify possible differences between stress responses in the RV and LV free walls of adult rats. We found that levels of angiogenesis and autophagy/mitophagy proteins are higher in the LV than in the RV. Thus, the LV may be more resistant to stress-induced damage. To test this, isolated rat hearts were subjected to biventricular working heart perfusion and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, I/R was found to cause apoptosis in both LV and RV to a similar extent. One mechanism of cardiac apoptosis involves downregulation of GATA4 transcription factor that controls gene transcription of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL. Interestingly, only in the RV, I/R caused downregulation of GATA4 and Bcl-xL, suggesting that mechanisms of apoptosis may be different between the two ventricles. Levels of tropomyosin and troponin T were also found to be decreased in response to I/R only in the RV, but not in the LV. Downregulation of the GATA4/Bcl-xL axis and the reduction of tropomyosin and troponin T are RV-specific events that occur in response to stress. This information may be useful for designing RV-specific therapeutic strategies to treat RV failure in pulmonary hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuichiro J. Suzuki
- Correspondence: Dr. Yuichiro J. Suzuki, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA, Tel: (202) 687-8090; Fax: (202) 687-8825,
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10
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Apoptosis-based therapy to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. JOURNAL OF RARE DISEASES RESEARCH & TREATMENT 2016; 1:17-24. [PMID: 27819072 PMCID: PMC5094193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is rare, but patients who are diagnosed with this disease still suffer from a lack of satisfactory treatment strategies to prolong survival. While currently approved drugs for PAH have some benefits, these vasodilators only have limited efficacy for eliminating pulmonary vascular remodeling and reducing mortality. Thus, our laboratory has been exploring the use of aggressive drugs, which are capable of causing apoptotic cell death, to treat PAH. We have so far found that three classes of anti-tumor agents, including anthracyclines, taxanes, and proteasome inhibitors, are capable of reducing pulmonary vascular thickness in rats with PAH. These drugs kill cells in remodeled pulmonary vessels without affecting the normal, healthy pulmonary vasculature, revealing that proliferating vascular cells in PAH patients are more sensitive to drug-induced apoptosis compared to the differentiated phenotype that is physiologically important for smooth muscle contraction. Since many apoptosis-inducing drugs cause cardiotoxicity in cancer patients, and because PAH patients already have a weakened heart, we focus on finding biological mechanisms that may reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling without promoting cardiotoxicity. We found two agents, dexrazoxane and pifithrin-α, that selectively inhibit cardiac muscle apoptosis without affecting the drug-induced apoptosis of the proliferating pulmonary vascular cells. Thus, we propose that the addition of apoptosis-inducing drugs and cardioprotectants to PAH therapies may be effective in treating patients and preventing right heart failure.
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11
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Wong CM, Zhang Y, Huang Y. Bone morphogenic protein-4-induced oxidant signaling via protein carbonylation for endothelial dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 75:178-90. [PMID: 25091895 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The increased expression of bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP-4) under hyperglycemic and diabetic conditions mediates the overgeneration of reactive oxygen species to cause endothelial cell dysfunction and apoptosis. Protein carbonylation plays an important role in oxidant signaling through ligand-receptor interactions in vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiac cells, and bronchial smooth muscle cells to trigger different diseases. However, the role of oxidant signaling via protein carbonylation in endothelial dysfunction is unclear. The level of protein carbonylation was higher in renal arteries from diabetic patients than those from nondiabetic subjects. BMP-4 promoted protein carbonylation, which was followed by decarbonylation or degradation in primary rat aortic endothelial cells. Organ culture of normal C57BL/6J mouse aortas treated with either hydralazine or deferoxamine inhibited the effect of BMP-4 on impairment of acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR). In isolated diabetic db/db mouse aortas, treatment with hydralazine improved the impaired EDR while deferoxamine had no effect. BMP-4-induced carbonylated proteins in aortic endothelial cells were successfully identified by a proteomic approach. These proteins have important cellular functions and include glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase, alpha-enolase, protein disulfide-isomerase A3, annexin II, 26S protease regulatory subunit, integrin-linked protein kinase, and vimentin. Protein carbonylation induced by BMP-4 was inhibited by BMP-4 antagonist while protein decarbonylation induced by BMP-4 was thiol dependent. The carbonyl signals did not involve 4-hydrononenal and malondialdehyde. The present results suggest that BMP-4- or diabetes-mediated endothelial dysfunction is partly triggered through protein carbonylation and blockade of this metal-catalyzed protein oxidation can be considered as an alternative therapeutic strategy to alleviate diabetic vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ming Wong
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Kato Y, Ono S, Kitamoto N, Kettle AJ. Covalent modification of cytoskeletal proteins in neuronal cells by tryptamine-4,5-dione. Redox Biol 2014; 2:983-90. [PMID: 25460734 PMCID: PMC4215393 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, is a systemic bioactive amine that acts in the gut and brain. As a substrate of myeloperoxidase in vitro, serotonin is oxidized to tryptamine-4,5-dione (TD), which is highly reactive with thiols. In this work, we successively prepared a monoclonal antibody to quinone-modified proteins and found that the antibody preferentially recognizes the TD–thiol adduct. Using the antibody, we observed that the chloride ion, the predominant physiological substrate for myeloperoxidase in vivo, is not competitive toward the enzyme catalyzed serotonin oxidation process, suggesting that serotonin is a plausible physiological substrate for the enzyme in vivo. Immunocytochemical analyses revealed that TD staining was observed in the cytosol of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells while blot analyses showed that some cellular proteins were preferentially modified. Pull-down analyses confirmed that the cytoskeletal proteins tubulins, vimentin, and neurofilament-L were modified. When pure tubulins were exposed to micromolar levels of synthetic TD, self-polymerization was initially enhanced and then suppressed. These results suggest that serotonin oxidation by myeloperoxidase or the action of other oxidants could cause functional alteration of cellular proteins, which may be related to neurodegeneration processes or irritable bowel syndrome. Antibody to quinone-modified protein was established and characterized. Modification of protein by quinone was dependent on myeloperoxidase but independent of chloride ion concentration. We immunochemically found that cellular proteins were preferentially modified. Quinone modulated polymerization of tubulins in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kato
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Ono
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan.
| | - Noritoshi Kitamoto
- School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan.
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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13
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Wong CM, Bansal G, Pavlickova L, Marcocci L, Suzuki YJ. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in pulmonary hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1789-96. [PMID: 22657091 PMCID: PMC3619148 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Pulmonary hypertension is a devastating disorder without any available treatment strategies that satisfactorily promote the survival of patients. The identification of new therapeutic strategies to treat patients with pulmonary hypertension is warranted. RECENT ADVANCES Human studies have provided evidence that there is increased oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNA oxidation, and the depletion of small-molecule antioxidants) in patients with pulmonary hypertension. A variety of compounds with antioxidant properties have been shown to have beneficial therapeutic effects in animal models of pulmonary hypertension, possibly supporting the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the progression of pulmonary hypertension. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms of ROS actions could contribute to the development of optimal, antioxidant-based therapy for human pulmonary hypertension. One such mechanism includes action as a second messenger during cell-signaling events, leading to the growth of pulmonary vascular cells and right ventricular cells. CRITICAL ISSUES The molecular mechanisms behind promotion of cell signaling for pulmonary vascular cell growth and right ventricular hypertrophy by ROS are not well understood. Evidence suggests that iron-catalyzed protein carbonylation may be involved. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding precise mechanisms of ROS actions should be useful for designing preclinical animal experiments and human clinical trials of the use of antioxidants and/or other redox compounds in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ming Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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14
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Bachi A, Dalle-Donne I, Scaloni A. Redox Proteomics: Chemical Principles, Methodological Approaches and Biological/Biomedical Promises. Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300073p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bachi
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
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15
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Ventetuolo CE, Barr RG, Bluemke DA, Jain A, Delaney JAC, Hundley WG, Lima JAC, Kawut SM. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use is associated with right ventricular structure and function: the MESA-right ventricle study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30480. [PMID: 22363441 PMCID: PMC3281845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Serotonin and the serotonin transporter have been implicated in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may have a role in PH treatment, but the effects of SSRI use on right ventricular (RV) structure and function are unknown. We hypothesized that SSRI use would be associated with RV morphology in a large cohort without cardiovascular disease (N = 4114). METHODS SSRI use was determined by medication inventory during the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis baseline examination. RV measures were assessed via cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The cross-sectional relationship between SSRI use and each RV measure was assessed using multivariable linear regression; analyses for RV mass and end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) were stratified by sex. RESULTS After adjustment for multiple covariates including depression and left ventricular measures, SSRI use was associated with larger RV stroke volume (RVSV) (2.75 mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48-5.02 mL, p = 0.02). Among men only, SSRI use was associated with greater RV mass (1.08 g, 95% CI 0.19-1.97 g, p = 0.02) and larger RVEDV (7.71 mL, 95% 3.02-12.40 mL, p = 0.001). SSRI use may have been associated with larger RVEDV among women and larger RV end-systolic volume in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS SSRI use was associated with higher RVSV in cardiovascular disease-free individuals and, among men, greater RV mass and larger RVEDV. The effects of SSRI use in patients with (or at risk for) RV dysfunction and the role of sex in modifying this relationship warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey E. Ventetuolo
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - R. Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, and the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David A. Bluemke
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aditya Jain
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. C. Delaney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - W. Gregory Hundley
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joao A. C. Lima
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Kawut
- Department of Medicine, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, and the Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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16
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Nediani C, Raimondi L, Borchi E, Cerbai E. Nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species generation and nitroso/redox imbalance in heart failure: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:289-331. [PMID: 20624031 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of the heart to intrinsic and external stress involves complex modifications at the molecular and cellular levels that lead to tissue remodeling, functional and metabolic alterations, and finally to failure depending upon the nature, intensity, and chronicity of the stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been considered as merely harmful entities, but their role as second messengers has gradually emerged. At the same time, our comprehension of the multifaceted role of nitric oxide (NO) and the related reactive nitrogen species (RNS) has been upgraded. The tight interlay between ROS and RNS suggests that their imbalance may implicate the impairment in physiological NO/redox-based signaling that contributes to the failing of the cardiovascular system. This review initially provides basic concepts on the role of nitroso/oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of heart failure with a particular focus on sources of ROS/RNS, their downstream targets, and endogenous modulators. Then, the role of NO/redox regulation of cardiomyocyte function, including calcium homeostasis, electrogenesis, and insulin signaling pathways, is described. Finally, an overview of old and emerging therapeutic opportunities in heart failure is presented, focusing on modulation of NO/redox mechanisms and discussing benefits and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nediani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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17
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Park AM, Wong CM, Jelinkova L, Liu L, Nagase H, Suzuki YJ. Pulmonary hypertension-induced GATA4 activation in the right ventricle. Hypertension 2010; 56:1145-51. [PMID: 21059997 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.160515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The major cause of death among pulmonary hypertension patients is right heart failure, but the biology of right heart is not well understood. Previous studies showed that mechanisms of the activation of GATA4, a major regulator of cardiac hypertrophy, in response to pressure overload are different between left and right ventricles. In the left ventricle, aortic constriction triggers GATA4 activation via posttranslational modifications without influencing GATA4 expression, while pulmonary artery banding enhances GATA4 expression in the right ventricle. We found that GATA4 expression can also be increased in the right ventricle of rats treated with chronic hypoxia to induce pulmonary hypertension and investigated the mechanism of increased GATA4 expression. Examination of Gata4 promoter revealed that CCAAT box plays an important role in gene activation, and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension promoted the binding of CCAAT-binding factor/nuclear factor-Y (CBF/NF-Y) to CCAAT box in the right ventricle. We found that CBF/NF-Y forms a complex with annexin A1, which inhibits DNA binding activity. In response to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, annexin A1 gets degraded, resulting in CBF/NF-Y-dependent activation of Gata4 gene transcription. The right ventricle contains a higher level of CBF/NF-Y compared to the left ventricle, and this may allow for efficient activation in response to annexin A1 degradation. Signaling via iron-catalyzed protein oxidation mediates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension-induced annexin A1 degradation, Gata4 gene transcription, and right ventricular hypertrophy. These results establish a right heart-specific signaling mechanism in response to pressure overload, which involves metal-catalyzed carbonylation and degradation of annexin A1 that liberates CBF/NF-Y to activate Gata4 gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Mee Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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18
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Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by a persistent elevation of pulmonary artery pressure accompanied by right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). The current treatment for pulmonary hypertension is limited and only provides symptomatic relief due to unknown cause and pathogenesis of the disease. Both vasoconstriction and structural remodeling (enhanced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell) of the pulmonary arteries contribute to the progressive course of PAH, irrespective of different underlying causes. The exact molecular mechanism of PAH, however, is not fully understood. The purpose of this review is to provide recent advances in the mechanistic investigation of PAH. Specifically, this review focuses on nitric oxide, oxidative stress and inflammation and how these factors contribute to the development and progression of PAH. This review also discusses recent and potential therapeutic advancements for the treatment of PAH.
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Wong CM, Marcocci L, Liu L, Suzuki YJ. Cell signaling by protein carbonylation and decarbonylation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:393-404. [PMID: 19686045 PMCID: PMC2823370 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2009] [Revised: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as mediators of signal transduction. However, mechanisms of how ROS influence the target molecules to elicit signaling event have not been defined. Our laboratory recently accumulated evidence for the role of protein carbonylation in the mechanism of ROS signaling. This concept originated from experiments in which pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells were treated with endothelin-1 to understand the mechanism of cell growth. Endothelin-1 was found to promote protein carbonylation in an endothelin receptor- and Fenton reaction-dependent manner. Mass spectrometry identified proteins that are carbonylated in response to endothelin-1, including annexin A1. Our experiments generated a hypothesis that endothelin-1-mediated carbonylation and subsequent degradation of annexin A1 promote cell growth. This mechanism was found also to occur in response to other signaling activators such as serotonin and platelet-derived growth factor in smooth muscle cells of pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation, and the airway, as well as in cardiac muscle cells, suggesting the universal role of this pathway. We also discovered a process of decarbonylation that defines transient kinetics of carbonylation signals in certain conditions. We propose that protein carbonylation and decarbonylation serve as a mechanism of signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ming Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Lucia Marcocci
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Yuichiro J. Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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Enhanced ROS production by NADPH oxidase is correlated to changes in antioxidant enzyme activity in human heart failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2009; 1802:331-8. [PMID: 19892017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In pathological conditions, the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants may shift toward a relative increase of ROS, resulting in oxidative stress. Conflicting data are available on antioxidant defenses in human failing heart and they are limited to the left ventricle. Thus, we aimed to investigate and compare the source of oxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities in the right (RV) and left (LV) ventricles of human failing hearts. We found a significant increase in superoxide production only by NADPH oxidase in both failing ventricles, more marked in RV. Despite unchanged mRNA or protein expression, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were increased, and their increases reflected the levels of Tyr phosphorylation of the respective enzyme. Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity appeared unchanged. The increase in NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production positively correlated with the activation of both CAT and GPx. However, the slope of the linear correlation (m) was steeper in LV than in RV for GPx (LV: m=2.416; RV: m=1.485) and CAT (LV: m=1.007; RV: m=0.354). Accordingly, malondialdehyde levels, an indirect index of oxidative stress, were significantly higher in the RV than LV. We conclude that in human failing RV and LV, oxidative stress is associated with activation of antioxidant enzyme activity. This activation is likely due to post-translational modifications and more evident in LV. Overall, these findings suggest a reduced protection of RV against oxidative stress and its potential contribution to the progression toward overt heart failure.
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Rodríguez CE, Arranz JA, Colomé N, Bech-Serra JJ, Canals F, Del Toro M, Riudor E. Proteomic analysis in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with atypical nonketotic hyperglycinemia and pulmonary hypertension - A pilot study. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 3:1430-9. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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