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Nogueira RC, Sanches-Lopes JM, Oliveira-Paula GH, Tanus-Santos JE. Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion increase oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity leading to vascular remodeling. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-023-04921-x. [PMID: 38302836 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The use of inhibitors of gastric acid secretion (IGAS), especially proton pump inhibitors (PPI), has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. While the mechanisms involved are not known, there is evidence supporting increased oxidative stress, a major activator of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), as an important player in such effect. However, there is no study showing whether other IGAS such as histamine H2-receptor blockers (H2RB) cause similar effects. This study aimed at examining whether treatment with the H2RB ranitidine promotes oxidative stress resulting in vascular MMP activation and corresponding functional and structural alterations in the vasculature, as compared with those found with the PPI omeprazole. Male Wistar rats were treated (4 weeks) with vehicle (2% tween 20), omeprazole (10 mg/Kg/day; i.p.) or ranitidine (100 mg/Kg/day; gavage). Then the aorta was collected to perform functional, biochemical, and morphometric analysis. Both ranitidine and omeprazole increased gastric pH and oxidative stress assessed in situ with the fluorescent dye dihydroethidium (DHE) and with lucigenin chemiluminescence assay. Both IGAS augmented vascular activated MMP-2. These findings were associated with aortic remodeling (increased media/lumen ratio and number of cells/μm2). Both IGAS also impaired the endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine (isolated aortic ring preparation). This study provides evidence that the H2RB ranitidine induces vascular dysfunction, redox alterations, and remodeling similar to those found with the PPI omeprazole. These findings strongly suggest that IGAS increase oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity leading to vascular remodeling, which helps to explain the increased cardiovascular risk associated with the use of those drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato C Nogueira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jéssica M Sanches-Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Sadowska-Bartosz I, Bartosz G. The Cellular and Organismal Effects of Nitroxides and Nitroxide-Containing Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1446. [PMID: 38338725 PMCID: PMC10855878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitroxides are stable free radicals that have antioxidant properties. They react with many types of radicals, including alkyl and peroxyl radicals. They act as mimics of superoxide dismutase and stimulate the catalase activity of hemoproteins. In some situations, they may exhibit pro-oxidant activity, mainly due to the formation of oxoammonium cations as products of their oxidation. In this review, the cellular effects of nitroxides and their effects in animal experiments and clinical trials are discussed, including the beneficial effects in various pathological situations involving oxidative stress, protective effects against UV and ionizing radiation, and prolongation of the life span of cancer-prone mice. Nitroxides were used as active components of various types of nanoparticles. The application of these nanoparticles in cellular and animal experiments is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza Street, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
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Trentini A, Manfrinato MC, Castellazzi M, Bellini T. Sex-Related Differences of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs): New Perspectives for These Biomarkers in Cardiovascular and Neurological Diseases. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081196. [PMID: 35893290 PMCID: PMC9331234 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now established that sex differences occur in clinical manifestation, disease progression, and prognosis for both cardiovascular (CVDs) and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. As such, a great deal of effort is now being put into understanding these differences and turning them into “advantages”: (a) for the discovery of new sex-specific biomarkers and (b) through a review of old biomarkers from the perspective of the “newly” discovered sex/gender medicine. This is also true for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, which play a role in both CVDs and CNS disorders. However, most of the studies conducted up to now relegated sex to a mere confounding variable used for statistical model correction rather than a determining factor that can influence MMP levels and, in turn, disease prognosis. Consistently, this approach causes a loss of information that might help clinicians in identifying novel patterns and improve the applicability of MMPs in clinical practice by providing sex-specific threshold values. In this scenario, the current review aims to gather the available knowledge on sex-related differences in MMPs levels in CVDs and CNS conditions, hoping to shed light on their use as sex-specific biomarkers of disease prognosis or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Manfrinato
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Massimiliano Castellazzi
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.M.); (T.B.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Tiziana Bellini
- University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.M.); (T.B.)
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Rodrigues KE, Azevedo A, Gonçalves PR, Pontes MHB, Alves GM, Oliveira RR, Amarante CB, Issa JPM, Gerlach RF, Prado AF. Doxycycline Decreases Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Aorta of ApoE-⁄- and Ovariectomized Mice with Correlation to Reduced MMP-2 Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052532. [PMID: 35269673 PMCID: PMC8910467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherogenic events promote changes in vessel walls, with alteration of the redox state, and increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Thus, this study aims to evaluate aortic remodeling, MMP activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels after treatment with doxycycline in ApoE-⁄- and ovariectomized mice (OVX). Female ApoE-⁄--knockout mice (5 weeks) were submitted to ovariectomy surgery to induce experimental menopause. They then received chow enriched with 1% cholesterol to induce hypercholesterolemia. The animals were divided into two experimental groups: ApoE-⁄-/OVX vehicle and ApoE-⁄-/OVX doxycycline (30 mg/kg) administered by gavage once a day for 28 days (15th to the 18th week of life). Blood samples were collected to measure total cholesterol and fractions. The aorta was used for morphometry and to measure the activity and expression of MMP-2 and ROS levels. The ApoE-⁄-/OVX doxycycline group showed no change in total and fraction cholesterol levels. However, there was a reduction in ROS levels, MMP-2 expression, and activity that correlated with a decrease in atherosclerotic lesions relative to the ApoE-⁄-/OVX vehicle (p > 0.05). Therefore, we conclude that doxycycline in ApoE-⁄-/OVX animals promotes a reduction in atherosclerotic lesions by reducing ROS and MMP-2 activity and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keuri E. Rodrigues
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
| | - Aline Azevedo
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Pricila R. Gonçalves
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
| | - Maria H. B. Pontes
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
| | - Gustavo M. Alves
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
| | - Ruan R. Oliveira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
| | - Cristine B. Amarante
- Coordination of Earth Sciences and Ecology, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belem 66077-830, PA, Brazil;
| | - João P. M. Issa
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (FORP/USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (J.P.M.I.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Raquel F. Gerlach
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (FORP/USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (J.P.M.I.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Alejandro F. Prado
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Cardiovascular System Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (K.E.R.); (P.R.G.); (M.H.B.P.); (G.M.A.); (R.R.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Cardiovascular protection effect of a Northeastern Brazilian lyophilized red wine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Ceron CS, Pereira DA, Sandrim VC, Luizon MR. Potential roles of visfatin/NAMPT on endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia and pathways underlying cardiac and vascular remodeling. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:10-12. [PMID: 34486731 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Ceron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniela A Pereira
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valéria C Sandrim
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Luizon
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Omeprazole induces vascular remodeling by mechanisms involving xanthine oxidoreductase and matrix metalloproteinase activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114633. [PMID: 34058185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are commonly used drugs that may increase the cardiovascular risk by mechanisms not entirely known. We examined whether the PPI omeprazole promotes vascular oxidative stress mediated by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) leading to activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and vascular remodeling. We studied Wistar rats treated with omeprazole (or vehicle) combined with the XOR inhibitor allopurinol (or vehicle) for four weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured by tail-cuff plethysmography was not affected by treatments. Omeprazole treatment increased the aortic cross-sectional area and media/lumen ratio by 25% (P < 0.05). Omeprazole treatment decreased gastric pH and induced vascular remodeling accompanied by impaired endothelium-dependent aortic responses (assessed with isolated aortic ring preparation) to acetylcholine (P < 0.05). Omeprazole increased vascular active MMP-2 expression and activity assessed by gel zymography and in situ zymography, respectively (P < 0.05). Moreover, omeprazole enhanced vascular oxidative stress assessed in situ with the fluorescent dye DHE and with the lucigenin chemiluminescence assay (both P < 0.05). All these biochemical changes caused by omeprazole were associated with increased vascular XOR activity (but not XOR expression assessed by Western blot) and treatment with allopurinol fully prevented them (all P < 0.05). Importantly, treatment with allopurinol prevented the vascular dysfunction and remodeling caused by omeprazole. Our results suggest that the long-term use of omeprazole induces vascular dysfunction and remodeling by promoting XOR-derived reactive oxygen species formation and MMP activation. These findings provide evidence of a new mechanism that may underlie the unfavorable cardiovascular outcomes observed with PPI therapy. Clinical studies are warranted to validate our findings.
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Toll-like receptor 7-driven lupus autoimmunity induces hypertension and vascular alterations in mice. J Hypertens 2021; 38:1322-1335. [PMID: 32004206 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) activation induces an increase in blood pressure and vascular damage in wild-type mice treated with the TLR7 agonist imiquimod (IMQ). METHODS Female BALB/c mice (7-9 week old) were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: an untreated control group and a group treated topically with IMQ (IMQ-treated) for 4 or 8 weeks. A group of IMQ-treated mice that take a combination of the antioxidants tempol and apocynin, and another treated IL-17-neutralizing antibody were also performed. RESULTS TLR7 activation gradually increased blood pressure, associated with elevated plasma levels of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and severe expansion of splenic immune cells with an imbalance between proinflammatory T cells and regulatory T cells. TLR7 activation induced a marked vascular remodeling in mesenteric arteries characterized by an increased media--lumen ratio (≈40%), and an impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in aortas from wild-type mice after 8 weeks of treatment. In addition, an increased ROS production, as a result of the upregulation of NADPH oxidase subunits, and an enhanced vascular inflammation were found in aortas from IMQ-treated mice. These functional and structural vascular alterations induced by IMQ were improved by antioxidant treatment. Anti-IL-17 treatment reduced blood pressure and improved endothelial dysfunction in IMQ-treated mice. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that TLR7 activation induces the development of hypertension and vascular damage in BALB/c mice, and further underscore the increased vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, mediated in part by IL-17, as key factors contributing to cardiovascular complications in this TLR7-driven lupus autoimmunity model.
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Prado AF, Batista RIM, Tanus-Santos JE, Gerlach RF. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Arterial Hypertension: Role of Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in Vascular Functional and Structural Alterations. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040585. [PMID: 33923477 PMCID: PMC8074048 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pathophysiological mechanisms have been implicated in hypertension, but those resulting in vascular dysfunction and remodeling are critical and may help to identify critical pharmacological targets. This mini-review article focuses on central mechanisms contributing to the vascular dysfunction and remodeling of hypertension, increased oxidative stress and impaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, which enhance vascular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. The relationship between NO, MMP and oxidative stress culminating in the vascular alterations of hypertension is examined. While the alterations of hypertension are not fully attributable to these pathophysiological mechanisms, there is strong evidence that such mechanisms play critical roles in increasing vascular MMP expression and activity, thus resulting in abnormal degradation of extracellular matrix components, receptors, peptides, and intracellular proteins involved in the regulation of vascular function and structure. Imbalanced vascular MMP activity promotes vasoconstriction and impairs vasodilation, stimulating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to switch from contractile to synthetic phenotypes, thus facilitating cell growth or migration, which is associated with the deposition of extracellular matrix components. Finally, the protective effects of MMP inhibitors, antioxidants and drugs that enhance vascular NO activity are briefly discussed. Newly emerging therapies that address these essential mechanisms may offer significant advantages to prevent vascular remodeling in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F. Prado
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Rose I. M. Batista
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil; (R.I.M.B.); (J.E.T.-S.)
| | - Jose E. Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil; (R.I.M.B.); (J.E.T.-S.)
| | - Raquel F. Gerlach
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-33154065
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Protective Effects of Curcumin on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1328:213-221. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Corrêa JWDN, Prado CM, Riul ME, Araújo AV, Rossi MA, Bendhack LM. Reversion of cardiovascular remodelling in renovascular hypertensive 2K-1C rats by renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1965-1977. [PMID: 32688435 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate whether the RAS dual blockade would induce additional beneficial effects on cardiovascular remodelling when compared to monotherapy in renal hypertensive two kidneys-one clip (2K-1C) rats. METHODS Hypertensive 2K-1C and normotensive (2K) rats were treated for 14 days with submaximal doses of losartan (LOS), enalapril (ENA), losartan plus enalapril (LOS + ENA) or vehicle (water). Blood pressure and some parameters of cardiovascular remodelling were evaluated. RESULTS Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher in 2K-1C (209 ± 3 mm Hg, P < .05) than in 2K (113 ± 1 mm Hg) rats. There was an additional effect in 2K-1C treated with LOS + ENA (153 ± 9 mm Hg) on lowering SBP when compared to LOS (184 ± 12 mm Hg) or ENA (177 ± 9 mm Hg). None of the treatments had effect on SBP in 2K rats. In 2K-1C, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was reduced by all treatments, although the cardiac hypertrophy indexes remained unchanged. 2K-1C aortas presented medial thickening that was partially reduced by the treatments. Intimal hyperplasia observed in 2K-1C (15.56 ± 0.89 µm vs 8.24 ± 0.80 µm) was reversed by ENA (9.52 ± 0.45 µm) or LOS + ENA (8.17 ± 0.53 µm). Collagen deposition was increased in 2K-1C hearts (1.77 ± 0.16 vs 1.28 ± 0.09) and aortas (8.1 ± 0.6 vs 5.2 ± 0.2). Treatment with LOS reduced (1.12 ± 0.14%) and ENA (0.81 ± 0.11%) or LOS + ENA (0.86 ± 0.11%) additionally diminished collagen only in 2K-1C hearts. CONCLUSIONS Submaximal doses of ACEi and/or ARB have inhibitory actions on cardiac remodelling and vascular hypertrophy not entirely dependent on their effects on blood pressure normalization in renovascular hypertensive rats. Combined therapy produced additional reduction in blood pressure than monotherapy despite a similar inhibition on cardiovascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cibele Maria Prado
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Riul
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alice Valença Araújo
- Nucleus of Public Health, Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Rossi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lusiane Maria Bendhack
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Effects of moderate aerobic exercise on thoracic aortic remodeling of female LDL-receptor knockout ovariectomized mice. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151575. [PMID: 32622433 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is a major factor involved in dyslipidemia increasing the risk of atherosclerosis which may be reversed by a routine of aerobic physical activity. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of aerobic training on the thoracic aorta of female LDL-receptor knockout mice submitted to estrogen deprivation. Fifteen genetically modified female mice, knockout for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-Knockout group) were used as experimental groups and fifteen wild female mice (C57BL/6 J) were used as control groups. Animals were divided as (n = 5/per group): sedentary control (SC); sedentary control ovariectomized (SCO); trained control ovariectomized (TCO); LDL-Knockout sedentary (KS); LDL-Knockout sedentary ovariectomized (KOS); and LDL-Knockout trained ovariectomized (KOT). Immunohistochemical techniques for TIMP-1 and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 were used to evaluate thoracic aorta remodeling. Picrosirius stain was used to highlight the collagen fibers. Verhoff-Van Gienson was used for the quantitative analyses of elastic lamellae. Our results demonstrate a positive remodeling promoted by physical exercise in ovariectomized and dyslipidemic animals. However, further studies are needed including the evaluation of inflammatory markers present in dyslipidemia.
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TNF-α inhibition decreases MMP-2 activity, reactive oxygen species formation and improves hypertensive vascular hypertrophy independent of its effects on blood pressure. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114121. [PMID: 32592722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension is a public health problem associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are endopeptidases that participate in hypertension-induced cardiovascular remodeling, which may be activated by oxidative stress. Angiotensin II (Ang II), a potent hypertrophic and vasoconstrictor peptide, increases oxidative stress, MMP-2 activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) expression. In vitro studies have shown that TNF-α is essential for Ang II-induced MMP-2 expression. Thus, this study evaluated whetherTNF-α inhibition decreases the development of hypertension-induced vascular remodeling via reduction of MMP-2 activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Two distinct pharmacological approaches were used in the present study: Pentoxifylline (PTX), a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases that exerts anti- inflammatory effects via inhibition of TNF-α, and Etanercept (ETN), a selective TNF-α inhibitor. 2-kidney and 1-Clip (2K1C). 2-kidney and 1-Clip (2K1C) and Sham rats were treated with Vehicle, PTX (50 mg/Kg and 100 mg/kg daily) or ETN (0.3 mg/Kg and 1 mg/kg; three times per week). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured weekly by tail cuff plethysmography. Plasma TNF-α and IL-1β levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The vascular hypertrophy was examined in the aorta sections stained with hematoxylin/eosin. ROS in aortas was evaluated by dihydroethidium and chemiluminescence lucigenin assay. Aortic MMP-2 levels and activity were evaluated by gel zymography and in situ zymography, respectively. The 2K1C animals showed a progressive increase in SBP levels and was accompanied by significant vascular hypertrophy (p < 0.05 vs Sham). Treatment with PTX at higher doses decreased SBP and vascular remodeling in 2K1C animals (p < 0.05 vs 2K1C vehicle). Although the highest dose of ETN treatment did not reduce blood pressure, the vascular hypertrophy was significantly attenuated in 2K1C animals treated with ETN1 (p < 0.05). The increased cytokine levels and ROS formation were reversed by the highest doses of both PTX and ETN. The increase in MMP-2 levels and activity in 2K1C animals were reduced by PTX100 and ETN1 treatments (p < 0.05 vs vehicle 2K1C). Lower doses of PTX and ETN did not affect any of the evaluated parameters in this study, except for a small reduction in TNF-α levels. The findings of the present study suggest that PTX and ETN treatment exerts immunomodulatory effects, blunted excessive ROS formation, and decreased renovascular hypertension-induced MMP-2 up-regulation, leading to improvement ofvascular remodeling typically found in 2K1C hypertension. Therefore, strategies using anti-hypertensive drugs in combination with TNF alpha inhibitors could be an attractive therapeutic approach to tackle hypertension and its associated vascular remodeling.
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do Prado AF, Bannwart CM, Shinkai VMT, de Souza Lima IM, Meschiari CA. Phyto-derived Products as Matrix Metalloproteinases Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Hypertens Rev 2020; 17:47-58. [PMID: 32386496 DOI: 10.2174/1573402116666200510011356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that present a metallic element in their structure. These enzymes are ubiquitously distributed and function as extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelers. MMPs play a broad role in cardiovascular biology regulating processes such as cell adhesion and function, cellular communication and differentiation, integration of mechanical force and force transmission, tissue remodeling, modulation of damaged-tissue structural integrity, cellular survival or apoptosis and regulation of inflammation-related cytokines and growth factors. MMPs inhibition and downregulation are correlated with minimization of cardiac damage, i.e., Chinese herbal medicine has shown to stabilize abdominal aorta aneurysm due to its antiinflammatory, antioxidant and MMP-2 and 9 inhibitory properties. Thus phyto-derived products rise as promising sources for novel therapies focusing on MMPs inhibition and downregulation to treat or prevent cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F do Prado
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Cahy M Bannwart
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Victoria M T Shinkai
- Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | | | - César A Meschiari
- Health and Sports Science Center, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
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Madabhushi V, Tharappel J, Alluri S, Totten C, Roth JS. Hernia Repair Strength Enhanced With Antioxidants. J Surg Res 2020; 247:144-149. [PMID: 31761443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incisional hernia is one of the most common complications of abdominal surgery, and repairs are associated with significant recurrence rates. Mesh repairs are associated with the best outcomes, but failures are not uncommon. Doxycycline has been demonstrated to enhance mesh hernia repair outcomes with associated increases in collagen deposition and improved tensiometric strength. This study compares the outcomes of incisional hernia repair with doxycycline administration and the antioxidant tempol. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats underwent a midline hernia creation and an intraabdominal polypropylene mesh repair. The animals were administered saline, doxycycline, tempol, or both, daily for 8 wk. The abdominal wall was harvested at 8 wk and tensiometric strength and biochemical analysis was performed. RESULTS The tensiometric strength of the repair was increased in all experimental groups. Collagen type 1 deposition was increased, and collagen type 3 deposition was decreased in each of the experimental groups relative to control. There was no difference in MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels between control and experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS The hernia repair strength is equally enhanced with the administration of doxycycline or tempol. Dual therapy provided no benefit over treatment with either single agent. All treatment groups had an increase in collagen type 1:3 ratios, but the mechanism is not well understood. The benefits of antioxidant treatment following hernia repair are similar to treatment with doxycycline. Given the high frequency of incisional hernia repair failures, this study has implications for improving outcomes following ventral hernia repair through the use of either doxycycline or antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Job Tharappel
- Division of General Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Satya Alluri
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Crystal Totten
- Division of General Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - John Scott Roth
- Division of General Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
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Mendes AS, Blascke de Mello MM, Parente JM, Omoto ACM, Neto-Neves EM, Fazan R, Tanus-Santos JE, Castro MM. Verapamil decreases calpain-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activities and improves hypertension-induced hypertrophic cardiac remodeling in rats. Life Sci 2020; 244:117153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Guarner-Lans V, Ramírez-Higuera A, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Castrejón-Téllez V, Soto ME, Pérez-Torres I. Early Programming of Adult Systemic Essential Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1203. [PMID: 32054074 PMCID: PMC7072742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are being included in the study of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) and essential systemic hypertension has also been added to this field. Epigenetic modifications are one of the main mechanisms leading to early programming of disease. Different environmental factors occurring during critical windows in the early stages of life may leave epigenetic cues, which may be involved in the programming of hypertension when individuals reach adulthood. Such environmental factors include pre-term birth, low weight at birth, altered programming of different organs such as the blood vessels and the kidney, and living in disadvantageous conditions in the programming of hypertension. Mechanisms behind these factors that impact on the programming include undernutrition, oxidative stress, inflammation, emotional stress, and changes in the microbiota. These factors and their underlying causes acting at the vascular level will be discussed in this paper. We also explore the establishment of epigenetic cues that may lead to hypertension at the vascular level such as DNA methylation, histone modifications (methylation and acetylation), and the role of microRNAs in the endothelial cells and blood vessel smooth muscle which participate in hypertension. Since epigenetic changes are reversible, the knowledge of this type of markers could be useful in the field of prevention, diagnosis or epigenetic drugs as a therapeutic approach to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.E.R.-R.); (V.C.-T.)
| | - Abril Ramírez-Higuera
- Nutrition Biochemistry Laboratory, Research and Food Development Unit. Veracruz Technological Institute, National Technological of Mexico, Veracruz 91897, Mexico;
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.E.R.-R.); (V.C.-T.)
| | - Vicente Castrejón-Téllez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.E.R.-R.); (V.C.-T.)
| | - María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico 14080, Mexico;
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico 14080, Mexico;
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Tobore TO. Towards a comprehensive etiopathogenetic and pathophysiological theory of multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:279-300. [PMID: 31588832 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1677648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by dysfunction of the immune system that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by demyelination, chronic inflammation, neuronal and oligodendrocyte loss and reactive astrogliosis. It can result in physical disability and acute neurological and cognitive problems. Despite the gains in knowledge of immunology, cell biology, and genetics in the last five decades, the ultimate etiology or specific elements that trigger MS remain unknown. The objective of this review is to propose a theoretical basis for MS etiopathogenesis.Methods: Search was done by accessing PubMed/Medline, EBSCO, and PsycINFO databases. The search string used was "(multiple sclerosis* OR EAE) AND (pathophysiology* OR etiopathogenesis)". The electronic databases were searched for titles or abstracts containing these terms in all published articles between January 1, 1960, and June 30, 2019. The search was filtered down to 362 articles which were included in this review.Results: A framework to better understand the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of MS can be derived from four essential factors; mitochondria dysfunction (MtD) & oxidative stress (OS), vitamin D (VD), sex hormones and thyroid hormones. These factors play a direct role in MS etiopathogenesis and have a modulatory effect on many other factors involved in the disease.Conclusions: For better MS prevention and treatment outcomes, efforts should be geared towards treating thyroid problems, sex hormone alterations, VD deficiency, sleep problems and melatonin alterations. MS patients should be encouraged to engage in activities that boost total antioxidant capacity (TAC) including diet and regular exercise and discouraged from activities that promote OS including smoking and alcohol consumption.
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Tobore TO. On elucidation of the role of mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ncn3.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Blascke de Mello MM, Parente JM, Schulz R, Castro MM. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activation by oxidative stress decreases aortic calponin-1 levels during hypertrophic remodeling in early hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 116:36-44. [PMID: 30339939 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is characterized by maladaptive vascular remodeling and enhanced oxidative stress in the vascular wall. Peroxynitrite may directly activate latent matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by its S-glutathiolation. MMP-2 may then proteolyze calponin-1 in aortas from hypertensive animals, which stimulates VSMC proliferation and medial hypertrophy. Calponin-1 is an intracellular protein which helps to maintain VSMC in their differentiated (contractile) phenotype. The present study therefore investigated whether aortic MMP-2 activity is increased by oxidative stress in early hypertension and then contributes to hypertrophic arterial remodeling by reducing the levels of calponin-1. Male Wistar rats were submitted to the two kidney, one clip (2 K-1C) model of hypertension or sham surgery and were treated daily with tempol (18 mg/kg/day) or its vehicle (water) by gavage from the third to seventh day post-surgery. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was daily assessed by tail-cuff plethysmography. After one week, aortas were removed to perform morphological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin staining and to analyze reactive oxygen‑nitrogen species levels by dihydroethidium and immunohistochemistry for nitrotyrosine. MMP-2 activity was analyzed by in situ and gelatin zymography and its S-glutathiolation was analyzed by Western blot for MMP-2 of anti-glutathione immunoprecipitates. Calponin-1 levels were identified in aortas by immunofluorescence. SBP increased by approximately 50 mmHg at the first week in 2 K-1C rats which was unaffected by tempol. However, tempol ameliorated the hypertension-induced increase in arterial media-to-lumen ratio and hypertrophic remodeling. Tempol also decreased hypertension-induced aortic oxidative stress and the enhanced MMP-2 activity. S-glutathiolation may be a potential mechanism by which oxidative stress activates MMP-2 in aortas of 2 K-1C rats. Furthermore, calponin-1 was decreased in aortas from 2 K-1C rats and tempol prevented this. In conclusion, oxidative stress may contribute to the increase in aortic MMP-2 activity, possibly by S-glutathiolation, and this may result in calponin-1 loss and maladaptive vascular remodeling in early hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela M Blascke de Mello
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Parente
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Richard Schulz
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, 462 Heritage Medical Research Center, T6G 2S2 Edmonton, Canada
| | - Michele M Castro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Massaro M, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA, De Caterina R. Oxidative stress and vascular stiffness in hypertension: A renewed interest for antioxidant therapies? Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 116:45-50. [PMID: 30946986 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the first successful launch of the Veterans Administration(VA) cooperative studies in the late 1960s, the increasing access to blood pressure lowering medications has significantly contributed to improving longevity and quality of life in hypertensive patients. Since then, insights into the pathogenesis of hypertension have shown a mechanistic role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in all phases of disease progression, suggesting the potential utility of antioxidant therapies to counteract symptoms and, at the same time, treat a fundamental mechanism of the disease. Despite these progresses, hypertension still remains the main contributor to the global incidence of cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We here briefly review and update the role of ROS and ROS-dependent metalloproteinase activation in the maladaptive remodeling of the vascular wall in hypertension. Such understanding should provide new Potential sites of action for antioxidant therapies as an integrated therapeutic approach to hypertension and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
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Liu J, Zhu H, Premnauth G, Earnest KG, Hahn P, Gray G, Queenan JA, Prevette LE, AbdulSalam SF, Kadekaro AL, Merino EJ. UV cell stress induces oxidative cyclization of a protective reagent for DNA damage reduction in skin explants. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:133-138. [PMID: 30605714 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UV irradiation is a major driver of DNA damage and ultimately skin cancer. UV exposure leads to persistent radicals that generate ROS over prolonged periods of time. Toward the goal of developing long-lasting antioxidants that can penetrate skin, we have designed a ROS-initiated protective (RIP) reagent that, upon reaction with ROS (antioxidant activity), self-cyclizes and then releases the natural product apocynin. Apocynin is a known antioxidant and inhibitor of NOX oxidase enzymes. A key phenol on the compound 1 controls ROS-initiated cyclization and makes 1 responsive to ROS with a EC50 comparable to common antioxidants in an ABTS assay. In an in vitro DNA nicking assay, the RIP reagent prevented DNA strand breaks. In cell-based assays, the reagent was not cytotoxic, apocynin was released only in cells treated with UVR, reduced UVR-induced cell death, and lowered DNA lesion formation. Finally, topical treatment of human skin explants with the RIP reagent reduced UV-induced DNA damage as monitored by quantification of cyclobutane dimer formation and DNA repair signaling via TP53. The reagent was more effective than administration of a catalase antioxidant on skin explants. This chemistry platform will expand the types of ROS-activated motifs and enable inhibitor release for potential use as a long-acting sunscreen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Haizhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gurdat Premnauth
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN, USA; Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kaylin G Earnest
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Patricia Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - George Gray
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jack A Queenan
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Lisa E Prevette
- Department of Chemistry, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Safnas F AbdulSalam
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ana Luisa Kadekaro
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Edward J Merino
- Department of Chemistry, McMicken College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Sharifi S, Mohseni R, Amiri I, Tavilani H. Sperm matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity increased in pregnant couples treated with intrauterine insemination: a prospective case control study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2019; 39:675-680. [PMID: 30917742 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2018.1558189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) have an important role in the reproductive system and in the fertilisation process. The aim of this study was to investigate the MMP2 and MMP9 activity in semen and their association with the pregnancy rate, semen parameters and seminal plasma oxidative stress parameters in couples who were treated with intrauterine insemination (IUI). The semen specimens were obtained from 60 men who attended with their spouse for the IUI in the infertility unit. A controlled ovarian stimulation was performed with clomiphene citrate in IUI cycles. Women with positive pregnancies were recorded (n = 29). The results showed the activity of sperm MMP2 and seminal plasma MMP9 was significantly higher in the pregnant group, compared to the non-pregnant group (p < .05). There was a correlation between the sperm MMP2 activity and the total thiol group (TTG) (r = 0.276, p < .05) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of seminal plasma (r = 0.304, p < .05). The sperm MMP9 showed a positive correlation with the seminal plasma TAC (r = 0.330, p < .05) and an inverse correlation with the lipid peroxidation (LP) of seminal plasma (r = -304, p< 0.05). In addition, the seminal plasma MMP2 activity was correlated to sperm viability (r = 0.266, p< .05) and the TTG of seminal plasma (r = 0.298, p < .05). The MMP2 activity in the sperm may be an important factor for determining the pregnancy rate after IUI. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Previous studies have reported that the fusion between the sperm and zona pellucida required the activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), whereas the inhibition of MMP2 can significantly decrease the in vitro fertilisation (IVF) rate. What do the results of this study add? This study has identified that the sperm MMP2 activity was significantly higher in the pregnant couples in comparison with the non-pregnant couples, who treated with intrauterine insemination (IUI). The findings showed there was a correlation between sperm MMP2 activity and the total thiol group (TTG) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the seminal plasma. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? MMP2 activity in the sperm could influence the IUI outcome and it is an important factor for IUI success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Sharifi
- a Department of Biology, Basic Sciences Faculty , Islamic Azad University of Hamedan , Hamedan , Iran
| | - Roohollah Mohseni
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Science , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Iraj Amiri
- c Research Center for Endometrium and Endometriosis , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Heidar Tavilani
- d Urology and Nephrology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
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Farrokhi E, Ghatreh-Samani K, Salehi-Vanani N, Mahmoodi A. The effect of resveratrol on expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and its tissue inhibitors in vascular smooth muscle cells. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2019; 14:157-162. [PMID: 30627191 PMCID: PMC6312567 DOI: 10.22122/arya.v14i4.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is involved in extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling. An increase in MMP-9 expression by vascular component cells plays an important role in atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic substance, was suggested to play a role in preventing the progress of atherosclerotic disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) after treatment with H2O2. METHODS Cultured VSMCs were pre-treated with 0.2 mM of H2O2 before stimulation with different concentration of resveratrol. Expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-3 genes were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and MMP-9 protein level was detected using western blot analysis. RESULTS Resveratrol at 120 μmol/l concentration reduced the elevated level of MMP-9 induced by H2O2 in VSMCs as 1.85 ± 0.35 folds (P < 0.050) and 8.70 ± 1.20 folds (P < 0.050) after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Resveratrol increased the diminished level of TIMP-1 induced by H2O2 as 2.5 ± 0.48 folds following the treatment with 120 μmol/l after 48 hours (P < 0.050). CONCLUSION Resveratrol as an antioxidant can decrease MMP-9 production, not only by suppressing MMP-9 expression, but also by augmenting TIMP-1 production. Altogether, resveratrol as an antioxidant can regulate the MMP-9/TIMP-1 balance, and may be considered as a preservative agent in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effat Farrokhi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Keihan Ghatreh-Samani
- Associate Professor, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Najmeh Salehi-Vanani
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amin Mahmoodi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Rizzi E, Amaral JH, Guimarães DA, Conde-Tella SO, Pinheiro LC, Gerlach RF, Castro MM, Tanus-Santos JE. Nitrite treatment downregulates vascular MMP-2 activity and inhibits vascular remodeling in hypertension independently of its antihypertensive effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:234-243. [PMID: 30399409 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with cardiovascular remodeling. Given that impaired redox state activates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)- 2 and promotes vascular remodeling, we hypothesized that nitrite treatment at a non-antihypertensive dose exerts antioxidant effects and attenuates both MMP-2 activation and vascular remodeling of hypertension. We examined the effects of oral sodium nitrite at antihypertensive (15 mg/kg) or non-antihypertensive (1 mg/kg) daily dose in hypertensive rats (two kidney, one clip; 2K1C model). Sham-operated and 2K1C hypertensive rats received vehicle or nitrite by gavage for four weeks. Systolic blood pressure decreased only in hypertensive rats treated with nitrite 15 mg/Kg/day. Both low and high nitrite doses decreased 2K1C-induced vascular remodeling assessed by measuring aortic cross-sectional area, media/lumen ratio, and number of vascular smooth muscle cells/aortic length. Both low and high nitrite doses decreased 2K1C-induced vascular oxidative stress assessed in situ with the fluorescent dye DHE and with the lucigenin chemiluminescence assay. Vascular MMP-2 expression and activity were assessed by gel zymography, Western blot, and in situ zymography increased with hypertension. While MMP-2 levels did not change in response to both doses of nitrite, both doses completely prevented hypertension-induced increases in vascular MMP activity. Moreover, incubation of aortas from hypertensive rats with nitrite at 1-20 μmol/L reduced gelatinolytic activity by 20-30%. This effect was fully inhibited by the xanthine oxidase (XOR) inhibitor febuxostat, suggesting XOR-mediated generation of nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite as a mechanism explaining the responses to nitrite. In vitro incubation of aortic extracts with nitrite 20 μmol/L did not affect MMP-2 activity. These results show that nitrite reverses the vascular structural alterations of hypertension, independently of anti-hypertensive effects. This response is mediated, at least in part, by XOR and is attributable to antioxidant effects of nitrite blunting vascular MMP-2 activation. Our findings suggest nitrite therapy to reverse structural alterations of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elen Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil; Biotechnology Unit, Ribeirao Preto University, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jefferson H Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Danielle A Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Sandra O Conde-Tella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Gerlach
- Department of Morphology, Estomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Michele M Castro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
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Soni H, Kaminski D, Gangaraju R, Adebiyi A. Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress stimulates renal Fas ligand shedding. Ren Fail 2018; 40:314-322. [PMID: 29619879 PMCID: PMC6014303 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2018.1456938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), a significant complication of cisplatin chemotherapy is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent renal cell death, but the cellular targets of ROS in cisplatin nephrotoxicity are not fully resolved. Here, we investigated cisplatin-induced oxidative renal damage and tested the hypothesis that ROS-dependent shedding of death activator Fas ligand (FasL) occurs in cisplatin nephropathy. We show that intraperitoneal injection of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (Captisol™)-solubilized cisplatin elevated the level of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde in mouse kidneys and urinary concentration of oxidative DNA damage biomarker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Cisplatin increased mouse kidney-to-body weight ratio and the plasma or urinary levels of predictive biomarkers of AKI, including creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, microalbumin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and cystatin C. Histological analysis and dUTP nick end labeling of kidney sections indicated tubular injury and renal apoptosis, respectively in cisplatin-treated mice. Whereas the plasma concentration of soluble FasL (sFasL) was unaltered, urinary sFasL was increased ∼4-fold in cisplatin-treated mice. Real-time quantitative live-cell imaging and lactate dehydrogenase assay showed that cisplatin stimulated caspase 3/7 activation and cytotoxicity in a human proximal tubule epithelial cell line which were attenuated by inhibitors of the FasL/Fas system and poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase-1. Moreover, TEMPOL, an intracellular free radical scavenger mitigated cisplatin-induced renal oxidative stress and injury, AKI biomarker and urinary sFasL elevation, and proximal tubule cell death. Our findings indicate that cisplatin-induced oxidative stress triggers the shedding of membrane-bound FasL to sFasL in the kidney. We demonstrate that cisplatin elicits nephrotoxicity by promoting FasL/Fas-dependent oxidative renal tubular cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Soni
- a Department of Physiology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Damian Kaminski
- b Department of Ophthalmology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Rajashekhar Gangaraju
- b Department of Ophthalmology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA.,c Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Adebowale Adebiyi
- a Department of Physiology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
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Baghaiee B, Karimi P, Ebrahimi K, Dabagh Nikoo Kheslat S, Sadeghi Zali MH, Daneshian Moghaddam AM, Sadaghian M. Effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise on markers of hypertension in men. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2018; 10:162-168. [PMID: 30386537 PMCID: PMC6203869 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2018.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study was aimed at determining the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise
program on markers of hypertension in men.
Methods: The study was of a semi-experimental design featuring repeated measurements. A total
of 40 men (age range=37.9 ± 2.68) with primary hypertension were divided into two groups,
namely, the exercise group (n=20) and the control group (n=20) (systolic blood pressure [SBP]:
140.531 ± 0.23, diastolic blood pressure [DBP]: 90.71 ± 0.05). The exercise group participated in
a 12-week aerobic exercise program (55% to 70% of HRmax). Blood samples were taken from
both groups at the baseline and at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks of the training program for the
assessment of adiponectin, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and hydrogen peroxide (H2
O2
) levels as the
markers for investigation. A linear mixed model was also used to evaluate the association among
the markers.
Results: In the exercise group, exercise reduced the SBP and DBP at week 12 (P=0.031 and 0.023, respectively), and adiponectin increased at weeks 8 and 12 (P=0.014 and 0.001, respectively). The plasma PON-1 level showed a significant increase in all the three stages of measurement (P=0.007, 0.004, and 0.002 at weeks 4, 8, and 12, respectively), whereas the H2 O2 levels showed a significant decrease at weeks 8 and 12 (P=0.013 and 0.011, respectively). The control group exhibited significantly decreased PON-1 (P=0.003) and adiponectin (P=0.025) levels but significantly increased SBP at week 12 (P=0.032).
Conclusion: The exercise-induced reduction of oxidative stress exerts a considerable effect on the reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive patients. According to our results increase in oxidative stress has the great impact on the of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Baghaiee
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Jolfa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jolfa, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khadije Ebrahimi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran
| | - Saeed Dabagh Nikoo Kheslat
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Sadaghian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
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Prado AF, Pernomian L, Azevedo A, Costa RAP, Rizzi E, Ramos J, Paes Leme AF, Bendhack LM, Tanus-Santos JE, Gerlach RF. Matrix metalloproteinase-2-induced epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation impairs redox balance in vascular smooth muscle cells and facilitates vascular contraction. Redox Biol 2018; 18:181-190. [PMID: 30029165 PMCID: PMC6052251 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation may enhance matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity and promote cardiovascular dysfunction. We show for the first time that MMP-2 is upstream of increased ROS formation and activates signaling mechanisms impairing redox balance. Incubation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with recombinant MMP-2 increased ROS formation assessed with dihydroethidium (DHE) by flow cytometry. This effect was blocked by the antioxidant apocynin or by polyethylene glycol-catalase (PEG-catalase), and by MMP inhibitors (doxycycline or GM6001). Next, we showed in HEK293 cells that MMP-2 transactivates heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) leading to EGF receptor (EGFR) activation and increased ROS concentrations. This effect was prevented by the EGFR kinase inhibitor Ag1478, and by phospholipase C (PLC) or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors (A778 or chelerythrine, respectively), confirming the involvement of EGFR pathway in MMP-2-induce responses. Next, we showed that intraluminal exposure of aortas to MMP-2 increased vascular MMP-2 levels detected by immunofluorescence and gelatinolytic activity (by in situ zimography) in association with increased ROS formation. This effect was inhibited by MMP inhibitors (phenanthroline or doxycycline) and by apocynin or PEG-catalase. MMP-2 also increased aortic contractility to phenylephrine and this effect was prevented by MMP inhibitor GM6001 and by apocynin or PEG-catalase, showing again that increased ROS formation mediates functional effects of MMP-2. These results show that MMP-2 activates the EGFR and triggers downstream signaling pathways increasing ROS formation and promoting vasoconstriction. These findings may have various implications for cardiovascular diseases. MMP-2 is activated by reactive oxygen species and promotes cardiovascular diseases. We show here that MMP-2 is upstream of reactive oxygen species formation. This effect involves epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. MMP-2 impairs redox balance and contributes to vascular contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro F Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Laena Pernomian
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Azevedo
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rute A P Costa
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Elen Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Junia Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Café, S/N - Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Paes Leme
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lusiane M Bendhack
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Gerlach
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Café, S/N - Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil.
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Bunbupha S, Wunpathe C, Maneesai P, Berkban T, Kukongviriyapan U, Kukongviriyapan V, Prachaney P, Pakdeechote P. Carthamus tinctorius L. extract improves hemodynamic and vascular alterations in a rat model of renovascular hypertension through Ang II-AT 1 R-NADPH oxidase pathway. Ann Anat 2018; 216:82-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Martins-Oliveira A, Guimaraes DA, Ceron CS, Rizzi E, Oliveira DM, Tirapelli CR, Casarini DE, Fernandes FB, Pinheiro LC, Tanus-Santos JE. Direct renin inhibition is not enough to prevent reactive oxygen species generation and vascular dysfunction in renovascular hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 821:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pereira SC, Parente JM, Belo VA, Mendes AS, Gonzaga NA, do Vale GT, Ceron CS, Tanus-Santos JE, Tirapelli CR, Castro MM. Quercetin decreases the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and ameliorates vascular remodeling in renovascular hypertension. Atherosclerosis 2018; 270:146-153. [PMID: 29425960 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 is observed in aortas of different models of hypertension, and its activation is directly mediated by oxidative stress. As quercetin is an important flavonoid with significant antioxidant effects, the hypothesis here is that quercetin will reduce increased MMP-2 activity by decreasing oxidative stress in aortas of hypertensive rats and then ameliorate hypertension-induced vascular remodeling. METHODS Male two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive Wistar rats and controls were treated with quercetin (10 mg/kg/day) or its vehicle for three weeks by gavage. Rats were then analyzed at five weeks of hypertension. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was determined by tail-cuff plethysmography. Aortas were used to determine MMP activity by in situ zymography and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by dihydroethidium. Western blot was performed to detect focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphorylated-FAK levels. RESULTS SBP was increased in 2K1C rats and only a borderline reduction in SBP was observed after treating 2K1C rats with quercetin. Cross-sectional area and the number of vascular smooth muscle cells were significantly increased in aortas of hypertensive rats, and quercetin reduced them. Quercetin reduced ROS levels in aortas of 2K1C rats and the increased activity of gelatinases in situ. However, quercetin did not affect the levels of tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-2 and did not interfere with FAK and p-FAK levels in aortas of hypertensive rats. Furthermore, different concentrations of quercetin did not directly reduce the activity of human recombinant MMP-2 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin reduces hypertension-induced vascular remodeling, oxidative stress and MMP-2 activity in aortas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherliane C Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Parente
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Belo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Atlante S Mendes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália A Gonzaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology, DEPCH, College of Nursing of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriel T do Vale
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology, DEPCH, College of Nursing of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Carla S Ceron
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, 37130001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Tirapelli
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology, DEPCH, College of Nursing of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Michele M Castro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao, Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Radical Scavenger Capacity of Jabuticaba Fruit ( Myrciaria cauliflora) and Its Biological Effects in Hypertensive Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2383157. [PMID: 29422986 PMCID: PMC5750504 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2383157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Jabuticaba is an exotic fruit native to Brazil that has been arousing medicinal interest. Using chemical (HPLC-PDA, resonance mass spectra, and NMR), electroanalytical (differential pulse voltammetry, radical scavenging assay), and pharmacological (in vivo and in vitro) approaches, we have identified its bioactive compounds and hypotensive effects on hypertensive rats. The hydroalcoholic extract of jabuticaba (HEJ) presents a great quantity of phenolic compounds, and several molecules with hydroxyl groups present high efficiency as an antioxidant. The treatment with HEJ (100 and 300 mg/kg/day, for four weeks) presented hypotensive effects on L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats, possibly improving the nitric oxide bioavailability because of its high antioxidant potential. Furthermore, renal and cardiac hypertrophies were also attenuated after the HEJ treatment. Moreover, the vascular responses to contractile and dilating agonists were improved with the HEJ treatment, which is also able to induce nitric oxide production in endothelial cells.
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Lacolley P, Regnault V, Segers P, Laurent S. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Arterial Stiffening: Relevance in Development, Aging, and Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1555-1617. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cushioning function of large arteries encompasses distension during systole and recoil during diastole which transforms pulsatile flow into a steady flow in the microcirculation. Arterial stiffness, the inverse of distensibility, has been implicated in various etiologies of chronic common and monogenic cardiovascular diseases and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The first components that contribute to arterial stiffening are extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that support the mechanical load, while the second important components are vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which not only regulate actomyosin interactions for contraction but mediate also mechanotransduction in cell-ECM homeostasis. Eventually, VSMC plasticity and signaling in both conductance and resistance arteries are highly relevant to the physiology of normal and early vascular aging. This review summarizes current concepts of central pressure and tensile pulsatile circumferential stress as key mechanical determinants of arterial wall remodeling, cell-ECM interactions depending mainly on the architecture of cytoskeletal proteins and focal adhesion, the large/small arteries cross-talk that gives rise to target organ damage, and inflammatory pathways leading to calcification or atherosclerosis. We further speculate on the contribution of cellular stiffness along the arterial tree to vascular wall stiffness. In addition, this review provides the latest advances in the identification of gene variants affecting arterial stiffening. Now that important hemodynamic and molecular mechanisms of arterial stiffness have been elucidated, and the complex interplay between ECM, cells, and sensors identified, further research should study their potential to halt or to reverse the development of arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lacolley
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Regnault
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Segers
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Laurent
- INSERM, U1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; IBiTech-bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Department of Pharmacology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France; PARCC INSERM, UMR 970, Paris, France; and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Shang P, Liu T, Liu W, Li Y, Dou F, Zhang Y, Sun L, Zhang T, Zhu Z, Mu F, Ding Y, Wen A. Telmisartan improves vascular remodeling through ameliorating prooxidant and profibrotic mechanisms in hypertension via the involvement of transforming growth factor-β1. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4537-4544. [PMID: 28791353 PMCID: PMC5646990 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a common complication and pathological basis of hypertension. Transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1)/small mothers against decapentaplegic 3 (Smad3) is considered a potential therapeutic target for vascular remodeling in hypertension. The present study aimed to demonstrate the antifibrotic effects of telmisartan and examined the potential mechanisms associated with its prevention of vascular remodeling. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were treated with telmisartan (20 mg/kg), and vascular contractility, reactivity and oxidative stress were preliminarily evaluated. Vascular pathological alterations and collagen deposition were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson staining, respectively. The profibrotic factors, TGF‑β1 and Smad3 were evaluated using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. The protein levels of TGF‑β1/Smad3, phosphorylated (p‑)Smad3, collagen‑1 and α-smooth muscle actin in the aorta were assessed using western blot analysis. It was found that telmisartan attenuated chronic vasoconstriction and oxidative stress in the SHRs, and improved vascular reactivity. Telmisartan also restored vascular pathological alterations and decreased collagen deposition. In the vascular wall of the SHRs, telmisartan effectively decreased the protein levels of TGF‑β1/Smad3 and p‑Smad3. Taken together, these findings indicated that telmisartan, with its antioxidant effect, prevented vascular remodeling in hypertension through preventing the TGF‑β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijin Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fang Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yikai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA Shenyang General Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Zhai Z, Wang Z, Wang L, Chen S, Ren H, Wang D. Relationship between inducible NOS single-nucleotide polymorphisms and hypertension in Han Chinese. Herz 2017; 43:461-465. [PMID: 28685250 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-017-4591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been reported to confer susceptibility to hypertension, but no consensus has been reached. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between iNOS and hypertension in a Chinese population. METHODS This was a case-control study including 1172 hypertensive and 1172 control subjects to investigate the association between iNOS and hypertension. RESULTS There were significant differences in the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of rs2779249 and rs2297518 between hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Logistic regression analyses were performed with different genetic models (additive, dominant, recessive) adjusting for confounding risk covariates, including age, sex, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, drinking, and family history of hypertension. The odds ratio (OR) was 1.27 (1.12, 1.44) in the additive model, 1.31 (1.09, 1.59) in the dominant, and 1.68 (1.28, 2.19) in the recessive model of rs2779249; the OR was 1.26 (1.06, 1.50) in the additive model and 1.46 (1.13, 1.89) in the dominant model of rs2297518. CONCLUSION The current study provides evidence that iNOS is strongly associated with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi Medical College, Shihezi University, 832000, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi Medical College, Shihezi University, 832000, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - L Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi Medical College, Shihezi University, 832000, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - S Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi Medical College, Shihezi University, 832000, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - H Ren
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi Medical College, Shihezi University, 832000, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - D Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Wang Y, Zhang F, Liu Y, Yin S, Pang X, Li Z, Wei Z. Nebivolol alleviates aortic remodeling through eNOS upregulation and inhibition of oxidative stress in l-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1306539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, ShanXi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, ShanXi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, ShanXi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sha Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, ShanXi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefen Pang
- Department of Physiology, ShanXi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhidong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, ShanXi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zehui Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, ShanXi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
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Dai H, Zhang X, Yang Z, Li J, Zheng J. Effects of Baicalin on Blood Pressure and Left Ventricular Remodeling in Rats with Renovascular Hypertension. Med Sci Monit 2017. [PMID: 28622281 PMCID: PMC5484556 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the effect of baicalin, which is a kind of bioactive flavonoid, on blood pressure and left ventricular remodeling in rats with renovascular hypertension. Material/Methods A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into sham-operation (n=10) and renal hypertension model groups (2-kidney-1 clip; 2K-1C, n=30). The rats in the renal hypertension model group were randomly subdivided into 2K-1C (n=13) and 2K-1C/Baicalin groups (n=14). The cardiac function indexes were determined after 4 weeks. The morphological changes in the myocardial tissue were observed using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining. The myocardial apoptosis was detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling method, and the expression of C/EBP homologous protein and caspase-3 was monitored by Western blot. The expression of GRP78 and GRP94 in myocardial cells of rats was detected by qPCR and Western blot technology. Results No significant change in blood pressure was observed in the 2K-1C/Baicalin group compared with the 2K-1C group, but the indexes of left ventricular remodeling significantly improved. Pathological myocardial fibrosis and expression of fibrosis-related factors significantly decreased in the 2K-1C/Baicalin group compared with the 2K-1C group. The expression of glucose-regulated protein (GRP)78, GRP94, CHOP, and caspase-3, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes also decreased in the 2K-1C/Baicalin group. Conclusions Baicalin has no significant antihypertensive effect, but reduced pathological changes in the myocardium, alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress, and reduced myocardial apoptosis, reverting left ventricular remodeling in rats with renovascular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualei Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Xinjin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jianmei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jialin Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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Erdemli ME, Ekhteiari Salmas R, Durdagi S, Akgul H, Demirkol M, Aksungur Z, Selamoglu Z. Biochemical changes induced by grape seed extract and low level laser therapy administration during intraoral wound healing in rat liver: an experimental and in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:993-1008. [PMID: 28279122 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1305297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the changes that occur in rat liver tissue as a result of the use of grape seed extract (GSE) and low level laser therapy (LLLT) in intraoral wound (IW) healing are analyzed using biochemical parameters. Diode laser application groups received 8 J/cm2 dose LLLT once a day for 4 days (810 nm wavelength, continuous mode, 0.25 W, 9 s). As a result of the biological parameter analysis, it was determined that the oxidative damage caused by the IWs and recovery period on 7th and 14th days could be substantially removed with GSE applications that have antioxidant capacity especially in rat liver tissue. In addition, the active compound of grape seed, catechin is studied in the active site of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) target using molecular modeling approaches. Post-processing molecular dynamics (MD) results for catechin is compared with a standard GSK3 inhibitor. MD simulations assisted for better understanding of inhibition mechanism and the crucial amino acids contributing in the ligand binding. These results along with a through free energy analysis of ligands using sophisticated simulations methods are quite striking and it suggests a greater future role for simulation in deciphering complex patterns of molecular mechanism in combination with methods for understanding drug-receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erman Erdemli
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry , Omer Halisdemir University , Nigde , Turkey
| | - Ramin Ekhteiari Salmas
- b Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics , School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- b Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics , School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Hasan Akgul
- c Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology , Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demirkol
- d Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Gaziantep University , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | - Zeynep Aksungur
- e Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- f Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biotechnology , Omer Halisdemir University , Nigde , Turkey
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Pinheiro LC, Ferreira GC, Amaral JH, Portella RL, Tella SDOC, Passos MA, Tanus-Santos JE. Oral nitrite circumvents antiseptic mouthwash-induced disruption of enterosalivary circuit of nitrate and promotes nitrosation and blood pressure lowering effect. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:226-235. [PMID: 27769921 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO•) metabolites nitrite and nitrate exert antihypertensive effects by mechanisms that involve gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols. However, while the use of antiseptic mouthwash (AM) is known to attenuate the responses to nitrate by disrupting its enterosalivary cycle, there is little information about whether AM attenuates the effects of orally administered nitrite. We hypothesized that the antihypertensive effects of orally administered nitrite would not be prevented by AM because, in contrast to oral nitrate, oral nitrite could promote S-nitrosothiols formation in the stomach without intereference by AM. Chronic effects of oral nitrite or nitrate were studied in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats (and normotensive controls) treated with AM (or vehicle) once/day. We found that orally administered nitrite exerts antihypertensive effects that were not affected by AM. This finding contrasts with lack of antihypertensive responses to oral nitrate in 2K1C hypertensive rats treated with AM. Nitrite and nitrate treatments increased plasma nitrites, nitrates, and S-nitrosothiols concentrations. However, while treatment with AM attenuated the increases in plasma nitrite concentrations after both nitrite and nitrate treatments, AM attenuated the increases in S-nitrosothiols in nitrate-treated rats, but not in nitrite-treated rats. Moreover, AM attenuated vascular S-nitrosylation (detected by the SNO-RAC method) after nitrate, but not after nitrite treatment. Significant correlations were found between the hypotensive responses and S-nitrosothiols, and vascular S-nitrosylation levels. These results show for the first time that oral nitrite exerts antihypertensive effects notwithstanding the fact that antiseptic mouthwash disrupts the enterosalivary circulation of nitrate. Our results support a major role for S-nitrosothiols formation resulting in vascular S-nitrosylation as a key mechanism for the antihypertensive effects of both oral nitrite and nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziele C Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jefferson H Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Portella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra de O C Tella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Madla A Passos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Machado DE, Rodrigues-Baptista KC, Alessandra-Perini J, Soares de Moura R, dos Santos TA, Pereira KG, Marinho da Silva Y, Souza PJC, Nasciutti LE, Perini JA. Euterpe oleracea Extract (Açaí) Is a Promising Novel Pharmacological Therapeutic Treatment for Experimental Endometriosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166059. [PMID: 27851787 PMCID: PMC5113045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the therapeutic potential of Euterpe oleracea extract (açaí) on the growth and survival of endometriotic lesions using an experimental model. Twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups after the implantation and establishment of autologous endometrium onto the peritoneum abdominal wall and treated with 200 mg/kg hydroalcoholic solution extract from açaí stone or vehicle via gastric tube for 30 consecutive days. Body weight, lesion surface areas, histological and immunohistochemistry analyses of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and F4-80 were performed. Levels of VEGF, VEGFR-2, MMP-9 and COX-2 mRNA were measured. Flow cytometry of F4-80 was performed, and ELISA immunoassays measured prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), VEGF and nitric oxide (NO) and concentrations. Macrophage cell line J774.G8 was treated with 10, 20, and 40 μg/mL of açaí for 24, 48 and 72 h, and cell viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Açaí treatment significantly decreased the implant size, and histological examination indicated atrophy and regression. A reduction in immunostaining and mRNA expression of VEGF, MMP-9 and COX-2 was observed, and F4-80 was lower in the treated group than the control group. The treated group also exhibited lower concentrations of PGE2, VEGF and NO compared to the control group. Macrophages cells treated with 20 and 40 μg/ml of açaí reduced cell viability in about 50% after 24, 48 and 72 h. Our results suggest that açaí effectively suppressed the establishment and growth of endometriotic lesions, and this agent is a promising novel pharmacological therapeutic treatment for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Escorsim Machado
- Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Karina Cristina Rodrigues-Baptista
- Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jessica Alessandra-Perini
- Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Psicobiologia, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Thiago Alves dos Santos
- Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - Kariny Gomes Pereira
- Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Yasmin Marinho da Silva
- Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jamila Alessandra Perini
- Unidade de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Senaphan K, Sangartit W, Pakdeechote P, Kukongviriyapan V, Pannangpetch P, Thawornchinsombut S, Greenwald SE, Kukongviriyapan U. Rice bran protein hydrolysates reduce arterial stiffening, vascular remodeling and oxidative stress in rats fed a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet. Eur J Nutr 2016; 57:219-230. [PMID: 27660232 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rice bran protein hydrolysates (RBPH) contain highly nutritional proteins and antioxidant compounds which show benefits against metabolic syndrome (MetS). Increased arterial stiffness and the components of MetS have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate whether RBPH could alleviate the metabolic disorders, arterial stiffening, vascular remodeling, and oxidative stress in rats fed a high-carbohydrate and high-fat (HCHF) diet. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a standard chow and tap water or a HCHF diet and 15 % fructose solution for 16 weeks. HCHF rats were treated orally with RBPH (250 or 500 mg/kg/day) for the final 6 weeks of the experimental period. RESULTS Rats fed with HCHF diet had hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, increased aortic pulse wave velocity, aortic wall hypertrophy and vascular remodeling with increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. RBPH supplementation significantly alleviated these alterations (P < 0.05). Moreover, RBPH reduced the levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in plasma. Oxidative stress was also alleviated after RBPH treatment by decreasing plasma malondialdehyde, reducing superoxide production and suppressing p47phox NADPH oxidase expression in the vascular tissues of HCHF rats. RBPH increased plasma nitrate/nitrite level and up-regulated eNOS expression in the aortas of HCHF-diet-fed rats, indicating that RBPH increased NO production. CONCLUSION RBPH mitigate the deleterious effects of HCHF through potential mechanisms involving enhanced NO bioavailability, anti-ACE, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. RBPH could be used as dietary supplements to minimize oxidative stress and vascular alterations triggered by MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketmanee Senaphan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Weerapon Sangartit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Supawan Thawornchinsombut
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Stephen E Greenwald
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2ES, UK
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Garcia VP, Rocha HN, Silva GM, Amaral TA, Secher NH, Nóbrega AC, Vianna LC, Rocha NG. Exogenous l-arginine reduces matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activities and oxidative stress in patients with hypertension. Life Sci 2016; 157:125-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Romero M, Jiménez R, Toral M, León-Gómez E, Gómez-Gúzman M, Sánchez M, Zarzuelo MJ, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Rath G, Tamargo J, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Dessy C, Duarte J. Vascular and Central Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-β Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension: Role of RGS-5. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:151-63. [PMID: 27189971 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.233106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ) lowers blood pressure in genetic and mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension. Regulator of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling 5 (RGS5) protein, which interferes in angiotensin II (AngII) signaling, is a target gene to PPARβ The aim of the present study was to examine whether PPARβ activation in resistance arteries and brain tissues prevents the elevated blood pressure in AngII-induced hypertension and evaluate the role of RGS5 in this effect. C57BL/6J male mice were divided into five groups (control mice, PPARβ agonist [4-[[[2-[3-Fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-5-thiazolyl]methyl]thio]-2-methylphenoxy]acetic acid (GW0742)-treated mice AngII-infused mice, GW0742-treated AngII-infused mice, and AngII-infused mice treated with GW0742 plus PPARβ antagonist 3-[[[2-Methoxy-4-(phenylamino)phenyl]amino]sulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester (GSK0660)) and were followed for 3 weeks. GW0742 prevented the increase in both arterial blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline levels and the higher reduction of blood pressure after ganglionic blockade, whereas it reduced the mesenteric arterial remodeling and the hyper-responsiveness to vasoconstrictors (AngII and endothelin-1) in AngII-infused mice. These effects were accompanied by an inhibition of NADPH oxidase expression and activity in the brain. Gene expression profiling revealed a marked loss of brainstem and vascular RGS5 in AngII-infused mice, which was restored by GW0742. GW0742-induced effects were abolished by GSK0660. Small interfering RNA targeting RGS5 caused augmented contractile response to AngII in resistance mesenteric arteries and blunted the inhibitory effect of GW0742 on this response. In conclusion, GW0742 exerted antihypertensive effects, restoring sympathetic tone and vascular structure and function in AngII-infused mice by PPARβ activation in brain and vessels inhibiting AngII signaling as a result of RGS5 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Rosario Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Marta Toral
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Elvira León-Gómez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Manuel Gómez-Gúzman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - María José Zarzuelo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Isabel Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Geraldine Rath
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Chantal Dessy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Pinheiro LC, Guimaraes DA, Tella SOC, Blanco ALF, Angelis CD, Schechter AN, Tanus-Santos JE. Tempol improves xanthine oxidoreductase-mediated vascular responses to nitrite in experimental renovascular hypertension. Redox Biol 2016; 8:398-406. [PMID: 27078869 PMCID: PMC5022046 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) increases vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and contributes to nitroso-redox imbalance. However, XOR can generate nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite, and increased superoxide could inactivate NO formed from nitrite. This study tested the hypothesis that XOR contributes to the cardiovascular effects of nitrite in renovascular hypertension, and that treatment with the antioxidant tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) improves XOR-mediated effects of nitrite. Blood pressure was assessed weekly in two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) and control rats. After six weeks of hypertension, the relaxing responses to nitrite were assessed in aortic rings in the presence of the XOR inhibitor oxypurinol (or vehicle), either in the absence or in the presence of tempol. Moreover, in vivo hypotensive responses to nitrite were also examined in the presence of oxypurinol (or vehicle) and tempol (or vehicle). Aortic XOR activity and expression were evaluated by fluorescence and Western blot, respectively. Vascular ROS production was assessed by the dihydroethidium assay. 2K1C hypertensive rats showed increased aortic XOR activity and vascular ROS production compared with control rats. Oxypurinol shifted the nitrite concentration–response curve to the right in aortic rings from 2K1C rats (but not in controls). Oxypurinol also attenuated the hypotensive responses to nitrite in 2K1C rats (but not in controls). These functional findings agree with increased aortic and plasma XOR activity found in 2K1C rats. Tempol treatment enhanced oxypurinol-induced shift of the nitrite concentration–response curve to the right. However, antioxidant treatment did not affect XOR-mediated hypotensive effects of nitrite. Our results show that XOR is important to the cardiovascular responses to nitrite in 2K1C hypertension, and XOR inhibitors commonly used by patients may cancel this effect. This finding suggests that nitrite treatment may not be effective in patients being treated with XOR inhibitors. Moreover, while tempol may improve the vascular responses to nitrite, antihypertensive responses are not affected. Upregulation of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is usually found in hypertension. While XOR produces superoxide, it can also produce NO from nitrite. This study shows that XOR mediates vasorelaxing effects of nitrite in renovascular hypertension. XOR inhibition prevents against the antihypertensive effects of nitrite. Antioxidant treatment improves XOR-mediated vasorelaxing effects of nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle A Guimaraes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra O Conde Tella
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana L Furlan Blanco
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Celio D Angelis
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan N Schechter
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Resveratrol improves vasoprotective effects of captopril on aortic remodeling and fibrosis triggered by renovascular hypertension. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 25:116-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Zeng FC, Cen S, Tang ZY, Kang XL. Elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2213-2222. [PMID: 26998151 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential association between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. The present study reviewed previous studies published in Chinese and English using predefined selection criteria, which identified high-quality studies concerning MMP-9 and bladder cancer. Statistical analyses of the data were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2.0. In total, 23 case-control studies were selected, which consisted of 1,040 bladder cancer patients and 244 healthy controls. The expression rates and protein levels of MMP-9 were significantly increased in bladder cancer patients compared with the healthy controls, which was demonstrated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based methods. Furthermore, the expression rate of MMP-9 in histological G1/G2 grade bladder cancer tumors was significantly decreased compared with G3 tumors. Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity demonstrated that the rate of MMP-9 protein expression between bladder cancer patients and healthy controls was significantly different in African, Asian and Caucasian patients, which was identified using IHC. The MMP-9 protein levels in bladder cancer patients and healthy controls were significantly different between Asian and Caucasian patients, but not African patients. The differences between MMP-9 expression in ethnic groups were also evident in the expression rate of MMP-9 identified in histological G1/G2 grade tumors in Asian and Caucasian patients compared with G3 grade tumors, which was not evident in African patients. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis results markedly indicate that MMP-9 expression is associated with clinicopathological features of bladder cancer, suggesting that MMP-9 may be a useful biomarker in the diagnosis and clinical management of bladder cancer, and may be a valuable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Chang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China; Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Song Cen
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Yan Tang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Li Kang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
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Belo VA, Guimarães DA, Castro MM. Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 as a Potential Mediator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Chronic Vascular Remodeling in Hypertension. J Vasc Res 2016; 52:221-31. [PMID: 26731549 DOI: 10.1159/000441621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For vascular remodeling in hypertension, it is essential that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) reshape in order to proliferate and migrate. The extracellular matrix (ECM) needs to be degraded to favor VSMC migration. Many proteases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), contribute to ECM proteolysis and VSMC migration. Bioactive peptides, hemodynamic forces and reactive oxygen-nitrogen species regulate MMP-2 expression and activity. Increased MMP-2 activity contributes to hypertension-induced maladaptive arterial changes and sustained hypertension. New ECM is synthesized to supply VSMCs with bioactive mediators, which stimulate hypertrophy. MMP-2 stimulates the interaction of VSMCs with newly formed ECM, which triggers intracellular signaling via integrins to induce a phenotypic switch and persistent migration. VSMCs switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype in order to migrate and contribute to vascular remodeling in hypertension. MMPs also disrupt growth factors bound to ECM, thus contributing to their capacity to regulate VSMC migration. This review sheds light on the proteolytic effects of MMP-2 on ECM and non-ECM substrates in the vasculature and how these effects contribute to VSMC migration in hypertension. The inhibition of MMP activity as a therapeutic target may make it possible to reduce arterial maladaptation caused by hypertension and prevent the resulting fatal cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Belo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sx00E3;o Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Sodium nitrite attenuates MMP-9 production by endothelial cells and may explain similar effects of atorvastatin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 389:223-31. [PMID: 26614570 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Imbalanced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity promotes cardiovascular alterations that are attenuated by statins. These drugs exert pleiotropic effects independent of cholesterol concentrations, including upregulation of nitric oxide (NO) formation and MMP downregulation. However, statins also increase tissue concentrations of nitrites, which activate new signaling pathways independent of NO. We examined whether atorvastatin attenuates MMP-9 production by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) by mechanisms possibly involving increased nitrite, and whether this effect results of NO formation. We also examined whether such an effect is improved by sildenafil, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5 which potentiates NO-induced increases in cyclic GMP. MMP activity and nitrite concentrations were measured by gelatin zymography and ozone-based reductive chemiluminescence, respectively, in the conditioned medium of HUVECs incubated for 24 h with these drugs. Phospho-NFκB p65 concentrations were measured in cell lysate to assess NFκB activation. Atorvastatin attenuated PMA-induced MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity by mechanisms not involving NO, although it increased nitrite concentrations, whereas sildenafil had no effects. Combining both drugs showed no improved responses compared to atorvastatin alone. While sodium nitrite attenuated MMP-9 production by HUVECs, adding hemoglobin (NO scavenger) did not affect the responses to nitrite. Neither atorvastatin nor nitrite inhibited PMA-induced increases in phospho-NFκB p65 concentrations. These findings show that sodium nitrite attenuates MMP-9 production by endothelial cells and may explain similar effects exerted by atorvastatin. With both drugs, the inhibitory effects on MMP-9 production are not dependent on NO formation or on inhibition of NFκB activation. Our findings may help to elucidate important new nitrite-mediated mechanisms by which statins affect imbalanced MMP activity in a variety of cardiovascular disease.
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Guimarães DA, Rizzi E, Ceron CS, Martins-Oliveira A, Gerlach RF, Shiva S, Tanus-Santos JE. Atorvastatin and sildenafil decrease vascular TGF-β levels and MMP-2 activity and ameliorate arterial remodeling in a model of renovascular hypertension. Redox Biol 2015; 6:386-395. [PMID: 26343345 PMCID: PMC4564390 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalanced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity and transforming growth factor expression (TGF-β) are involved in vascular remodeling of hypertension. Atorvastatin and sildenafil exert antioxidant and pleiotropic effects that may result in cardiovascular protection. We hypothesized that atorvastatin and sildenafil alone or in association exert antiproliferative effects by down-regulating MMP-2 and TGF-β, thus reducing the vascular hypertrophy induced by two kidney, one clip (2K1C) hypertension. Sham and 2K1C rats were treated with oral atorvastatin 50 mg/kg, sildenafil 45 mg/kg, or both, daily for 8 weeks. Blood pressure was monitored weekly. Morphologic changes in the aortas were studied. TGF-β levels were determined by immunofluorescence. MMP-2 activity and expression were determined by in situ zymography, gel zymography, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The effects of both drugs on proliferative responses of aortic smooth muscle cells to PDGF and on on MMP-2 activity in vitro were determined. Atorvastatin, sildenafil, or both drugs exerted antiproliferative effects in vitro. All treatments attenuated 2K1C-induced hypertension and prevented the increases in the aortic cross-sectional area and media/lumen ratio in 2K1C rats. Aortas from 2K1C rats showed higher collagen deposition, TGF-β levels and MMP-2 activity and expression when compared with Sham-operated animals. Treatment with atorvastatin and/or sildenafil was associated with attenuation of 2K1C hypertension-induced increases in these pro-fibrotic factors. However, these drugs had no in vitro effects on hr-MMP-2 activity. Atorvastatin and sildenafil was associated with decreased vascular TGF-β levels and MMP-2 activity in renovascular hypertensive rats, thus ameliorating the vascular remodeling. These novel pleiotropic effects of both drugs may translate into protective effects in patients. Atorvastatin and sildenafil exert antioxidant and other pleotropic effects. Imbalanced MMP-2 activity and TGF-β expression promote vascular remodeling in hypertension. Atorvastatin and sildenafil exerted antiproliferative effects in vitro. Both drugs prevented hypertension-induced increases pro-fibrotic factors. These additional pleiotropic effects may translate into protective effects in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elen Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla S Ceron
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel F Gerlach
- Department of Morphology, Estomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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50
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Consistent antioxidant and antihypertensive effects of oral sodium nitrite in DOCA-salt hypertension. Redox Biol 2015; 5:340-346. [PMID: 26119848 PMCID: PMC4491646 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a common disease that includes oxidative stress as a major feature, and oxidative stress impairs physiological nitric oxide (NO) activity promoting cardiovascular pathophysiological mechanisms. While inorganic nitrite and nitrate are now recognized as relevant sources of NO after their bioactivation by enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways, thus lowering blood pressure, mounting evidence suggests that sodium nitrite also exerts antioxidant effects. Here we show for the first time that sodium nitrite exerts consistent systemic and vascular antioxidant and antihypertensive effects in the deoxycorticosterone-salt (DOCA-salt) hypertension model. This is particularly important because increased oxidative stress plays a major role in the DOCA-salt hypertension model, which is less dependent on activation of the renin-angiotensin system than other hypertension models. Indeed, antihypertensive effects of oral nitrite were associated with increased plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations, and completely blunted hypertension-induced increases in plasma 8-isoprostane and lipid peroxide levels, in vascular reactive oxygen species, in vascular NADPH oxidase activity, and in vascular xanthine oxidoreductase activity. Together, these findings provide evidence that the oral administration of sodium nitrite consistently decreases the blood pressure in association with major antioxidant effects in experimental hypertension. Nitrite is known to recycle back to NO under specific conditions. Antihypertensive effects have been shown for sodium nitrite in some animal models. The DOCA-salt hypertension model includes oxidative stress as a major pathogenetic mechanism. This study shows antihypertensive effects of nitrite in the DOCA-salt hypertension model. Reduction in arterial blood pressure was associated with important antioxidant effects of sodium nitrite.
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