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Altuntas E, Cetın S, Usalp S. The relationship between gender and systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with new-onset essential hypertension. Cardiovasc J Afr 2022; 33:317-321. [PMID: 35900267 PMCID: PMC10031850 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2022-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has been reported to have a prognostic ability in various cardiovascular diseases and tumours. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there was an association between SII and gender and age in newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve, hypertensive patients. METHODS A total of 153 participants, of whom 93 were men and 60 were women, were included in this retrospective study. Retrospective evaluation of the patients was performed using electronic medical records. The SII was calculated according to the following formula at admission: SII = platelet × neutrophil/lymphocyte counts. RESULTS The SII was significantly higher in women compared to men (546.31 vs 385, respectively, p = 0.003) and was positively correlated with age. The receiver operating characteristic curve shows the SII cut-off value predicting new-onset essential hypertension with a sensitivity of 67.6% and a specificity of 67.2% in women. CONCLUSIONS According to these results, using the SII in cardiovascular diseases may be recommended to increase survival rate in hypertensive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Altuntas
- Department of Cardiology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof Dr Ilhan Varank Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sükrü Cetın
- Department of Cardiology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof Dr Ilhan Varank Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Songül Usalp
- Department of Cardiology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof Dr Ilhan Varank Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Abdel Ghafar MT. An overview of the classical and tissue-derived renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its genetic polymorphisms in essential hypertension. Steroids 2020; 163:108701. [PMID: 32717198 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a specific hormonal cascade implicated in the blood pressure control and sodium balance regulation. Several components of this pathway have been identified including renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensins with a wide range of distinct subtypes and receptors, and aldosterone. The RAAS is not only confined to the systemic circulation but also exists locally in specific tissues such as the heart, brain, and blood vessels with a particular paracrine action. Alteration of RAAS function can contribute to the development of hypertension and the emergence of its associated end-organ damage. Genotypic variations of the different genes of RAAS cascade have been linked to the susceptibility to essential hypertension. Accordingly, to understand the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and its related complications, deep insight into the physiological and genetic aspects of RAAS with its different components and pathways is necessary. In this review, we aimed to illustrate the physiological and genetic aspects of RAAS and the underlying mechanisms which link this system to the predisposition to essential hypertension.
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Kazmi I, Al-Maliki WH, Ali H, Al-Abbasi FA. Biochemical interaction of salt sensitivity: a key player for the development of essential hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:767-773. [PMID: 33070283 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, more than 1 billion people have elevated blood pressure, with up to 45% of adults affected by the disease. In 2016 the global health study report on patients from 67 countries was released in Lancet, which identified hypertension as the world's leading cause for death and disability-adjusted years since 1990. This paper aims to analyze the pathophysiological connection between hemodynamic inflammatory reactions through sodium balance, salt sensitivity, and potential pathophysiological reactions. Besides, we explore how sodium consumption enhances the expression of transient receptor potential channel 3 (TrpC3) mRNA and facilitates the release of calcium inside immune cell groups, together with elevated blood pressure in essential hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Waleed Hassan Al-Maliki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haider Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Ala-Too International University, 720048, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Cassano V, Crescibene D, Hribal ML, Pelaia C, Armentaro G, Magurno M, Toscani A, Miceli S, Andreozzi F, Maio R, Perticone M, Sesti G, Perticone F, Sciacqua A. Uric Acid and Vascular Damage in Essential Hypertension: Role of Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092509. [PMID: 32825165 PMCID: PMC7551393 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of uric acid (UA) have been shown to be correlated with many clinical conditions. Uric acid may adversely affect the insulin signalling pathway inducing insulin resistance (IR). Several studies report the association between arterial stiffness (AS), an early indicator of atherosclerosis, and UA. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between UA and AS, considering the potential role of IR. We enrolled 1114 newly diagnosed, never-treated hypertensive patients. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index. Arterial stiffness was evaluated as the measurement of the carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). The study cohort was divided into subgroups, according to increasing tertiles of UA. The mean values of UA were 5.2 ± 1.6 mg/dL in the overall population. Pulse wave velocity was linearly correlated with UA (p < 0.0001), HOMA (p < 0.0001), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (p < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.0001) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.005). Uric acid was the strongest predictor of PWV and was associated with the highest risk for increased AS. The interaction analysis showed that the joint effect of increased UA and HOMA was significantly higher than that expected in the absence of interaction under the additive model, indicating that the two biomarkers synergically interacted for promoting vascular damage. Our data showed that UA interacted with IR to increase AS in a large cohort of newly diagnosed, never-treated hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velia Cassano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.L.H.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.M.); (F.A.); (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Daniele Crescibene
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.L.H.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.M.); (F.A.); (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Marta Letizia Hribal
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.L.H.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.M.); (F.A.); (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.L.H.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.M.); (F.A.); (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Armentaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.L.H.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.M.); (F.A.); (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Marcello Magurno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.L.H.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.M.); (F.A.); (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Alfredo Toscani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.L.H.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.M.); (F.A.); (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Sofia Miceli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.L.H.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.M.); (F.A.); (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.L.H.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.M.); (F.A.); (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Raffaele Maio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.L.H.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.M.); (F.A.); (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Maria Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.L.H.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.M.); (F.A.); (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.L.H.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.M.); (F.A.); (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.C.); (D.C.); (M.L.H.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (M.M.); (A.T.); (S.M.); (F.A.); (R.M.); (M.P.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961-3647147
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Liu Y, Shen W, Chen Q, Cao Q, Di W, Lan R, Chen Z, Bai J, Han Z, Xu W. Inhibition of RAGE by FPS-ZM1 alleviates renal injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173228. [PMID: 32502492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to examine the protection of RAGE-specific inhibitor FPS-ZM1 against renal injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and investigate the underlying mechanism. The adult male SHR were treated with FPS-ZM1 via oral gavages for 12 weeks, and age-matched male Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as control. Treatment of SHR with FPS-ZM1 slightly reduced blood pressure, and significantly improved baroreflex sensitivity in SHR. Treatment of SHR with FPS-ZM1 improved renal function, evidenced by increased glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, and reduced plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and urine albumin excretion rate. Histology results revealed that treatment of SHR with FPS-ZM1 alleviated renal injury and reduced tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Treatment of SHR with FPS-ZM1 suppressed activation of NF-κB and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including Tnf, Il6, and Il1b. Treatment of SHR with FPS-ZM1 abated oxidative stress and downregulated mRNA levels of components of NADPH oxidase (Nox) including Cyba, Nox1, Nox2, Nox4 and Ncf1 in kidneys. In addition, treatment of SHR with FPS-ZM1 reduced renal AngII levels, downregulated mRNA expression of Ace and upregulated expression of Agtr2. In conclusion, treatment with FPS-ZM1 alleviated hypertension-related renal dysfunction, possibly by suppressing NF-κB-mediated inflammation, abating Nox-mediated oxidative stress, and improving local renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhi Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingxin Cao
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, China
| | - Wencheng Di
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongfang Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonglin Han
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China.
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6
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Geraci G, Maria Zammuto M, Vadalà M, Mattina A, Castellucci M, Guarrasi G, Nardi E, Maida C, Zanoli L, Cillino S, Cottone S, Mulè G. Choroidal thickness is associated with renal hemodynamics in essential hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:245-253. [PMID: 31945274 PMCID: PMC8030072 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The choroid is the most vascularized structure of the eye and plays a central role in the development of the retinal vascular changes that occur in arterial hypertension. Changes of choroidal thickness (ChT) assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology could reflect the vascular complications of hypertension. Also, intrarenal hemodynamic damage, associated with endothelial dysfunction, demonstrated to be a good indicator of systemic morphofunctional arterial impairment. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between ChT and renal hemodynamics in subjects with essential hypertension. Routine laboratory tests, clinical history, and physical examination, including blood pressure assessment, were performed in 90 subjects with essential hypertension. All patients underwent Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of intra-renal hemodynamics and OCT imaging to assess ChT. When subjects were divided in two groups based on renal resistive index (RRI), group I (RRI ≥ 75% percentile) showed significantly lower values of ChT than group II (RRI < 75% percentile) (P < .001). When divided in two groups based on the ChT median values, patients with lower ChT had significantly higher RRI values than those with ChT above the median values (P < .05). In multivariate model including age, eGFR, and other variables as confounding factors, RRI ≥ 75% was independently associated with ChT. ChT was significantly correlated with renal resistive index in subjects with essential hypertension, confirmed in multivariate analyses. This result could be referred to changes in vascular elastic properties that occur in retinal and intrarenal vascular system probably due to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction commonly found in early complications of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Geraci
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS)Unit of Nephrology and HypertensionEuropean Society of Hypertension Excellence CenterUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Marta Maria Zammuto
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS)Unit of Nephrology and HypertensionEuropean Society of Hypertension Excellence CenterUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Maria Vadalà
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze ClinicheSection of OphthalmologyUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Alessandro Mattina
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS)Unit of Internal MedicineUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonibo‐Pulejo"MessinaItaly
| | - Massimo Castellucci
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze ClinicheSection of OphthalmologyUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Giulia Guarrasi
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze ClinicheSection of OphthalmologyUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Emilio Nardi
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS)Unit of Internal MedicineUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Carlo Maida
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze ClinicheSection of OphthalmologyUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Luca Zanoli
- Clinical and Experimental MedicineSection of NephrologyUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Salvatore Cillino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze ClinicheSection of OphthalmologyUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Santina Cottone
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS)Unit of Nephrology and HypertensionEuropean Society of Hypertension Excellence CenterUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Giuseppe Mulè
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DIBIMIS)Unit of Nephrology and HypertensionEuropean Society of Hypertension Excellence CenterUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
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Meng Z, Dai Z, Huang K, Xu C, Zhang YG, Zheng H, Liu TZ. Long-Term Mortality for Patients of Primary Aldosteronism Compared With Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:121. [PMID: 32210920 PMCID: PMC7075813 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Consistent evidence have demonstrated that patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) have higher risk of cardiovascular events to patients with essential hypertension (EH). Whether the long-term risk of mortality for PA patients is higher than EH patients is unclear. We aim to compare the long-term mortality of patients with PA to patients with EH. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for eligible studies from inception to 14 Nov 2018. We combined the relative risks (RR) of each included study by random-effect model. The amount of between study heterogeneity was measured by the I2 statistic. Results: We totally included six studies with cohort design, including 3,039 PA and 45,495 EH patients. The pooled RRs for patients with PA were 1.97 (95%CI: 1.33, 2.91; P = 0.0007) for a follow-up of 3 years, 0.96 (95%CI: 0.75, 1.23; P = 0.76) for 5 years, 0.86 (95%CI: 0.51, 1.46) for 7.5 years, and 0.95 (95%CI: 0.61, 1.48; P = 0.58) for 10 years. For patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA), evidence of lower risk of long-term mortality was observed. Our sensitivity analysis suggested our results were stable. Conclusions: Current evidence supported a higher risk of mortality for patients with primary aldosteronism at 3 years compared to patients with essential hypertension, however this risk no longer sustains as the follow-up time increased to 5 or more years. Patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas may have lower long-term mortality rate than patients with essential hypertension due to the better recovery of adrenalectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Meng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhe Meng
| | - Zhe Dai
- Department of Endocrinology & Adrenal Hypertension Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Chinese Evidence Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin-Gao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Zheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong-Zu Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Tong-Zu Liu
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Lenzini L, Prisco S, Vanderriele PE, Lerco S, Torresan F, Maiolino G, Seccia TM, Iacobone M, Rossi GP. PTH Modulation by Aldosterone and Angiotensin II is Blunted in Hyperaldosteronism and Rescued by Adrenalectomy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3726-3734. [PMID: 30865228 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Accumulating evidence suggests a link between adrenocortical zona glomerulosa and parathyroid gland through mechanisms that remain unexplored. OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that in vivo angiotensin II blockade affects PTH secretion in patients with hypertension and that aldosterone and angiotensim II directly stimulate PTH secretion ex vivo. DESIGN AND SETTING We investigated the changes of serum PTH levels induced by oral captopril (50 mg) administration in patients with primary essential hypertension (EH) and with primary aldosteronism (PA) caused by bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) or aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), the latter before and after adrenalectomy. We also exposed primary cultures of human parathyroid cells from patients with primary hyperparathyroidism to angiotensin II (10-7 M) and/or aldosterone (10-7 M). RESULTS Captopril lowered PTH levels (in nanograms per liter) both in patients with EH (n = 63; 25.9 ± 8.3 baseline vs 24.4 ± 8.0 postcaptopril, P < 0.0001) and in patients with APA after adrenalectomy (n = 27; 26.3 ± 11.6 vs 24.0 ± 9.7 P = 0.021). However, it was ineffective in patients with full-blown PA caused by APA and BAH. In primary culture of human parathyroid cells, both aldosterone (P < 0.001) and angiotensin II (P = 0.002) markedly increased PTH secretion from baseline, by acting through mineralocorticoid receptor and angiotensin type 1 receptor, as these effects were abolished by canrenone and irbesartan, respectively. CONCLUSION These results collectively suggest an implication of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in PTH regulation in humans, at least in PTH-secreting cells obtained from parathyroid tumors. Moreover, they further support the concept that mild hyperparathyroidism is a feature of human PA that is correctable with adrenalectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Lenzini
- Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Medicine of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Selene Prisco
- Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Medicine of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Lerco
- Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Medicine of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Torresan
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterolgy, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maiolino
- Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Medicine of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Teresa Maria Seccia
- Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Medicine of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Iacobone
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterolgy, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Rossi
- Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Medicine of Padova, Padova, Italy
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9
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Amrani-Midoun A, Kiando SR, Treard C, Jeunemaitre X, Bouatia-Naji N. Genetic association study between T-786C NOS3 polymorphism and essential hypertension in an Algerian population of the Oran city. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1317-1320. [PMID: 31336484 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential hypertension is an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Important candidate genes such as NOS3 gene have been widely studied and reported to be associated with essential hypertension (HTN) in human populations. AIM We aim in this study to analyze the relationship between NOS3 -786T/C, a common genetic variant and HTN in a sample of the Algerian population of the Oran city. METHODS A case-control study has been performed in 154 subjects including 77 hypertensives and 77 normotensives. The recruitment of these subjects was done in local Health Centers of the city of Oran, West Algeria. HTN was defined as elevated systolic blood pressure SBD≥140 mmHg and or sustained diastolic blood pressure DBP≥90 mmHg, measured using an Omron® Automatic BP Monitor - M-3W machine. Consents were obtained from all participants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with restrictive fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to genotype the NOS -786T/C variant. RESULTS The distribution of the allelic frequencies did not differ between cases and controls (OR = 1.48; 95%CI [0.94-2.32], P = 0.09). However, after adjustment with the age, sex, and body mass index, we observed significant association between NOS -786C allele and HTN status (OR = 2.08; 95%CI [1.18-3.66], P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the C allele of the NOS3 gene is associated with increased risk of essential hypertension in this sample of the Algerian population of the Oran city. Further validation in larger samples is needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Amrani-Midoun
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, Oran, Algeria.
| | - Soto Romuald Kiando
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, F-75015, France; Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Cyrielle Treard
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, F-75015, France; Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, F-75015, France; Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France; AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, F-75015, France; Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
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Shi R, Li J, He J, Meng Q, Qian Z, Shi D, Liu Q, Cai Y, Li X, Chen X. Association of with-no-lysine kinase 1 and Serine/Threonine kinase 39 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with essential hypertension in Tibetans. Environ Mol Mutagen 2018; 59:151-160. [PMID: 28945285 DOI: 10.1002/em.22140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tibetans have a higher essential hypertension prevalence compared with other ethnics in China. The reason might be due to their unique environmental influence, as well as genetic factor. However, limited studies focus on Tibetan genetics and its association with hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between With-No-Lysine (K) Kinase 1 (WNK1), Serine/Threonine kinase 39(STK39) genes variants and hypertension in the Tibetan population. 204 Tibetan hypertensive patients and 305 normotensive controls were recruited in an epidemiological survey conducted at 2 sites in the Ganzi Tibetan autonomous region. Patients were genotyped for nineteen WNK1 candidate tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and three STK39 SNPs, and haplotype analysis was performed. Results showed that the allele A in rs1468326 was overrepresented in hypertensive patients versus control (53.4% vs 42.9%, P < 0.05). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for hypertension among CA + AA genotypes carriers was 1.60 (95% CI: 1.02-2.62, P < 0.05), and they also had a higher systolic blood pressure (136.5 ± 28.6 vs 131.7 ± 24.8 mmHg, P < 0.05). However, the TT genotype ratio in rs6749447 was lower in hypertensives (5.4% vs 10.8%, P < 0.05), and the hypertension risk for the TT genotype carriers in rs6749447 decreased after adjustment (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.19-0.95, P < 0.05). Subjects with haplotype AGACAGGAATCGT showed 1.57 times higher risk of hypertension (95% CI 1.02-2.41, P < 0.05). In conclusion, SNP rs1468326 of WNK1, rs6749447 of STK39, and WNK1 haplotype AGACAGGAATCGT were associated with hypertension in Tibetan individuals. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:151-160, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufeng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, PRC
| | - Jiangbo Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, PRC
| | - Jiyun He
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, PRC
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, PRC
| | - Zhiping Qian
- Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Kangding 626000, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, PRC
| | - Di Shi
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, PRC
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, PRC
| | - Yali Cai
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, PRC
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, PRC
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, PRC
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11
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Abstract
Essential hypertension is associated with structural alterations in the microvessels; in particular, an increase in the media thickness to internal lumen ratio of small resistance arteries (MLR) and a reduction in capillary density have been observed. The evaluation of the morphological characteristics of small resistance arteries in humans is challenging. The gold-standard method is generally considered to be the measurement by wire or pressure micromyography of MLR of subcutaneous small vessels obtained by local biopsies. However, noninvasive techniques for the evaluation of retinal arterioles were recently proposed; in particular, 2 approaches, scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF) and adaptive optics (AO), seem to provide useful information. Both of them provide an estimation of the wall to lumen ratio (WLR) of retinal arterioles. Moreover, a noninvasive measurement of basal and total capillary density may be obtained by videomicroscopy/capillaroscopy. It has been recently demonstrated that AO has a substantial advantage over SLDF in terms of evaluation of microvascular morphology, since WLR measured with AO is more closely correlated with the M/L of subcutaneous small arteries. The possibility to noninvasively assess in a reliable way, microvascular morphology in a clinical setting may represent a major advancement, since micromyography has substantial limitations in its application due to the local invasiveness of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Rizzoni
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Istituto Clinico Città di Brescia, Division of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Agabiti Rosei
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carolina De Ciuceis
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Semeraro
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Rizzoni
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Docchio
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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12
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Wu F, Li L, Wen Q, Yang J, Chen Z, Wu P, He M, Zhang X, Wu T, Cheng L. A functional variant in ST2 gene is associated with risk of hypertension via interfering MiR-202-3p. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1292-1299. [PMID: 28121058 PMCID: PMC5487927 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (ST2) plays a critical role in pathogenesis of several cardiovascular disease conditions. In this study, we examined association of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ST2 gene with essential hypertension (EH) risk in 1151 patients with EH and 1135 controls. Our study showed that variants rs11685424, rs12999364 and rs3821204 are highly associated with an increase in risk of EH, while rs6543116 is associated with a decrease risk of EH. Notably, in silico analyses suggested the G>C change of rs3821204, which located within the 3'UTR of soluble ST2 mRNA, disrupted a putative binding site for miR202-3p. Functional analyses suggested that miR-202-3p significantly decreased soluble ST2-G mRNA stability and inhibited its endogenous expression. Furthermore, we found increased plasma-soluble ST2 (sST2) level was highly associated with CC genotype of rs3821204 in vivo. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence that genetic variants in ST2 gene are associated with EH risk and variant rs3821204 may influence the development of EH by controlling sST2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
- Department of CardiologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Lu Li
- Second Affiliated HospitalShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and HealthSchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Qiang Wen
- Department of CardiologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Department of CardiologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Zhuyue Chen
- Department of CardiologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of CardiologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Meian He
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and HealthSchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and HealthSchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and HealthSchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Longxian Cheng
- Department of CardiologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
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13
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Guo Q, Lu X, Gao Y, Zhang J, Yan B, Su D, Song A, Zhao X, Wang G. Cluster analysis: a new approach for identification of underlying risk factors for coronary artery disease in essential hypertensive patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43965. [PMID: 28266630 PMCID: PMC5339815 DOI: 10.1038/srep43965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Grading of essential hypertension according to blood pressure (BP) level may not adequately reflect clinical heterogeneity of hypertensive patients. This study was carried out to explore clinical phenotypes in essential hypertensive patients using cluster analysis. This study recruited 513 hypertensive patients and evaluated BP variations with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Four distinct hypertension groups were identified using cluster analysis: (1) younger male smokers with relatively high BP had the most severe carotid plaque thickness but no coronary artery disease (CAD); (2) older women with relatively low diastolic BP had more diabetes; (3) non-smokers with a low systolic BP level had neither diabetes nor CAD; (4) hypertensive patients with BP reverse dipping were most likely to have CAD but had least severe carotid plaque thickness. In binary logistic analysis, reverse dipping was significantly associated with prevalence of CAD. Cluster analysis was shown to be a feasible approach for investigating the heterogeneity of essential hypertension in clinical studies. BP reverse dipping might be valuable for prediction of CAD in hypertensive patients when compared with carotid plaque thickness. However, large-scale prospective trials with more information of plaque morphology are necessary to further compare the predicative power between BP dipping pattern and carotid plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoni Lu
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Medical and Health BIGDATA, School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Anqi Song
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Medical and Health BIGDATA, School of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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