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Noreen A, Anwar Z, Ahsan Ejaz M, Usmani M, Khan T, Ali Sheraz M, Ahmed S, Mirza T, Khurshid A, Ahmad I. Riboflavin (vitamin B 2) sensitized photooxidation of ascorbic acid (vitamin C): A kinetic study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123813. [PMID: 38198998 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AH2) photoxidation sensitized by riboflavin (RF) has been studied between pH 2.0 and 12.0 in ambient air and anaerobic environment using UV and visible irradiation sources. The kinetics of AH2 degradation in aqueous medium along with RF is found to be first-order for its photodegradation. AH2 photolysis rate constants in aerobic and anaerobic conditions with RF (1.0-5.0 × 10-5 M) are 0.14-3.89 × 10-2 and 0.026-0.740 × 10-2 min-1, respectively. The rate constants (k2) of second-order kinetics for AH2 and RF photochemical interaction in aerobic and anaerobic conditions are in the range of 0.24-3.70 to 0.05-0.70 × 10-3 M-1 min-1, respectively, which manifests that increasing the RF concentration also increases the rate of photodegradation (photooxidation) of AH2. The k2 versus pH graph is bell-shaped which indicates that increasing the pH increases photolytic degradation rate of AH2 with RF. Increasing the pH results in the increased ionization of AH2 (ascorbyl anion, AH-) and redox potential which leads to the higher rates of photodegradation of AH2. Two-component spectrophotometric (243 and 266 nm, AH2 and RF, respectively) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods have been used to determine the concentration of AH2 and RF in pure and degraded solutions. The results obtained from these two methods are compared using a student t-test which showed no noteworthy difference between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Noreen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Muneeba Usmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Tooba Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Allama I.I., Kazi Campus, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Sheraz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Sofia Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Tania Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Adeela Khurshid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Gadap Road, Super Highway, Karachi 75340, Pakistan
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Pouriayevali F, Tavalaee M, Taktaz-Hafshejani T, Dattilio M, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Overlapping sperm damages from vitamin B or D deficiency in mice: Insights into the role of clinical supplementations. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14592. [PMID: 36123798 DOI: 10.1111/and.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of 14 weeks of standard diet (controls) or folate and vitamin B12-free diet (VBD group) or vitamin D-free diet (VDD group) were assessed on mice testicular function, and sperm function. Vitamin D deprivation caused increased body weight with no effect from VBD confirming the calcium-independent role of vitamin D on body weight homeostasis. The two deprivations caused convergent damages including decreased testosterone, worsened Johnson scores, tubular differentiation index and spermatogenesis index, and serious worsening of sperm parameters and of sperm functional tests (DNA methylation, protamination, DNA damage and lipid peroxidation). From a metabolic point of view, the damage from both models converged on the one carbon cycle (methylations) and the transsulfuration pathway (GSH and antioxidant defences) and increased circulating homocysteine, although with different mechanisms: VBD appeared to hamper methylations due to lower ability to regenerate homocysteine to methionine whereas VDD appeared to interfere with homocysteine transsulfuration to cysteine and, thereafter, GSH. VDD also caused a huge paradox increase of vitamin B12, which was likely in a non-functional form and warrants further investigation. These findings strongly endorse the potential benefit of combined folate/B12 and vitamin D supplementation in infertile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Pouriayevali
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Taghi Taktaz-Hafshejani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad H Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran
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3
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Lucock MD, Jones PR, Veysey M, Thota R, Garg M, Furst J, Martin C, Yates Z, Scarlett CJ, Jablonski NG, Chaplin G, Beckett EL. Biophysical evidence to support and extend the vitamin D-folate hypothesis as a paradigm for the evolution of human skin pigmentation. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23667. [PMID: 34418235 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the "vitamin D-folate hypothesis for the evolution of human skin pigmentation." METHODS Total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) satellite data were used to examine surface UV-irradiance in a large (n = 649) Australian cross-sectional study population. Genetic analysis was used to score vitamin D- and folate-related gene polymorphisms (n = 22), along with two pigmentation gene variants (IRF4-rs12203592/HERC2-rs12913832). Red cell folate and vitamin D3 were measured by immunoassay and HPLC, respectively. RESULTS Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and pigmentation genes interact to modify blood vitamin levels; Light skin IRF4-TT genotype has greatest folate loss while light skin HERC2-GG genotype has greatest vitamin D3 synthesis (reflected in both TOMS and seasonal data). UV-wavelength exhibits a dose-response relationship in folate loss within light skin IRF4-TT genotype (305 > 310 > 324 > 380 nm). Significant vitamin D3 photosynthesis only occurs within light skin HERC2-GG genotype, and is maximal at 305 nm. Three dietary antioxidants (vitamins C, E, and β-carotene) interact with UVR and pigmentation genes preventing oxidative loss of labile reduced folate vitamers, with greatest benefit in light skin IRF4-TT subjects. The putative photosensitiser, riboflavin, did not sensitize red cell folate to UVR and actually afforded protection. Four genes (5xSNPs) influenced blood vitamin levels when stratified by pigmentation genotype; MTHFR-rs1801133/rs1801131, TS-rs34489327, CYP24A-rs17216707, and VDR-ApaI-rs7975232. Lightest IRF4-TT/darkest HERC2-AA genotype combination (greatest folate loss/lowest vitamin D3 synthesis) has 0% occurrence. The opposing, commonest (39%) compound genotype (darkest IRF4-CC/lightest HERC2-GG) permits least folate loss and greatest synthesis of vitamin D3 . CONCLUSION New biophysical evidence supports the vitamin D-folate hypothesis for evolution of skin pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Lucock
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrice R Jones
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Rohith Thota
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Metabolism and Nutrition, Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Manohar Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Furst
- Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charlotte Martin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoe Yates
- Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher J Scarlett
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nina G Jablonski
- Anthropology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George Chaplin
- Anthropology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma L Beckett
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
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Deberle LM, Benešová M, Becker AE, Ratz M, Guzik P, Schibli R, Müller C. Novel Synthetic Strategies Enable the Efficient Development of Folate Conjugates for Cancer Radiotheranostics. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1617-1628. [PMID: 34251183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The folate receptor (FR) is an interesting target for radiotheranostics due to its overexpression in several tumor types. The progress in developing novel folate radioconjugates is, however, slow due to the synthetic challenges that folate chemistry presents. The goal of this study was, thus, to establish versatile solid-phase synthetic strategies for a convenient preparation of novel folate conjugates. Two approaches were established based on an orthogonal fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protection strategy to enable a modular buildup of an albumin-binding DOTA conjugate (known as OxFol-1) using folic acid (oxidized folate version) as a targeting agent. The main difference between the two approaches was the sequence of conjugating the single structural units. The approach that introduced the folate entity as the last unit appeared particularly useful for the preparation of conjugates based on 6R- or 6S-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-MTHF; a reduced folate version) as targeting entity. Three types of folate conjugates were synthesized either with a p-iodophenyl-based albumin binder (OxFol-1, 6R-RedFol-1, and 6S-RedFol-1) or without an albumin-binding entity (OxFol-14, 6R-RedFol-14, and 6S-RedFol-14). All six conjugates were obtained with high chemical purity (>98%) after 9-13 synthesis steps and a single final HPLC purification. Radiolabeling with lutetium-177 was feasible at high molar activity, and the resulting radioconjugates were stable over at least 24 h. Biodistribution and SPECT/CT imaging studies confirmed the favorable effect of an albumin-binding entity to increase the tumor uptake and reduce kidney retention of folate radioconjugates. The increased tumor-to-kidney ratios obtained with [177Lu]Lu-6R-RedFol-1 and [177Lu]Lu-6S-RedFol-1 as compared to [177Lu]Lu-OxFol-1 indicated that 5-MTHF is the preferred FR-targeting agent for albumin-binding radioconjugates. This was, however, not the case for folate radioconjugates without an albumin binder. Thanks to the established synthesis strategy, the preparation of further folate radioconjugates will be facilitated, potentially enabling the optimization of the tissue distribution characteristics even more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Deberle
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Martina Benešová
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna E Becker
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Ratz
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Patrycja Guzik
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Jablonski NG. The evolution of human skin pigmentation involved the interactions of genetic, environmental, and cultural variables. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:707-729. [PMID: 33825328 PMCID: PMC8359960 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The primary biological role of human skin pigmentation is as a mediator of penetration of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) into the deep layers of skin and the cutaneous circulation. Since the origin of Homo sapiens, dark, protective constitutive pigmentation and strong tanning abilities have been favored under conditions of high UVR and represent the baseline condition for modern humans. The evolution of partly depigmented skin and variable tanning abilities has occurred multiple times in prehistory, as populations have dispersed into environments with lower and more seasonal UVR regimes, with unique complements of genes and cultural practices. The evolution of extremes of dark pigmentation and depigmentation has been rare and occurred only under conditions of extremely high or low environmental UVR, promoted by positive selection on variant pigmentation genes followed by limited gene flow. Over time, the evolution of human skin pigmentation has been influenced by the nature and course of human dispersals and modifications of cultural practices, which have modified the nature and actions of skin pigmentation genes. Throughout most of prehistory and history, the evolution of human skin pigmentation has been a contingent and non-deterministic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina G. Jablonski
- Department of AnthropologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
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6
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Jones P, Lucock M, Martin C, Thota R, Garg M, Yates Z, Scarlett CJ, Veysey M, Beckett E. Independent and Interactive Influences of Environmental UVR, Vitamin D Levels, and Folate Variant MTHFD1-rs2236225 on Homocysteine Levels. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1455. [PMID: 32443475 PMCID: PMC7284830 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels are a risk factor for vascular diseases. Recently, increases in ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have been linked to decreased Hcy levels. This relationship may be mediated by the status of UVR-responsive vitamins, vitamin D and folate, and/or genetic variants influencing their levels; however, this has yet to be examined. Therefore, the independent and interactive influences of environmental UVR, vitamin D and folate levels and related genetic variants on Hcy levels were examined in an elderly Australian cohort (n = 619). Red blood cell folate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and plasma Hcy levels were determined, and genotyping for 21 folate and vitamin D-related variants was performed. Erythemal dose rate accumulated over six-weeks (6W-EDR) and four-months (4M-EDR) prior to clinics were calculated as a measure of environmental UVR. Multivariate analyses found interactions between 6W-EDR and 25(OH)D levels (pinteraction = 0.002), and 4M-EDR and MTHFD1-rs2236225 (pinteraction = 0.006) in predicting Hcy levels. The association between 6W-EDR and Hcy levels was found only in subjects within lower 25(OH)D quartiles (<33.26 ng/mL), with the association between 4M-EDR and Hcy occurring only in subjects carrying the MTHFD1-rs2236225 variant. 4M-EDR, 6W-EDR, and MTHFD1-rs2236225 were also independent predictors of Hcy. Findings highlight nutrient-environment and gene-environment interactions that could influence the risk of Hcy-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Jones
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; (M.L.); (C.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.B.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Mark Lucock
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; (M.L.); (C.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Charlotte Martin
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; (M.L.); (C.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Rohith Thota
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.T.); (M.G.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Manohar Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.T.); (M.G.)
| | - Zoe Yates
- Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Christopher J. Scarlett
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; (M.L.); (C.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Martin Veysey
- Hull-York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Emma Beckett
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; (M.L.); (C.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.B.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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7
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Environmental UVR Levels and Skin Pigmentation Gene Variants Associated with Folate and Homocysteine Levels in an Elderly Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051545. [PMID: 32121219 PMCID: PMC7084217 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a ubiquitous exposure which may contribute to decreased folate levels. Skin pigmentation mediates the biological effect of UVR exposure, but its relationship to folate levels is unexamined. Interactions may exist between UVR and pigmentation genes in determining folate status, which may, in turn, impact homocysteine levels, a potential risk factor for multiple chronic diseases. Therefore, independent and interactive influences of environmental UVR and genetic variants related to skin pigmentation (MC1R-rs1805007, IRF4-rs12203592 and HERC2-rs12913832) on folate (red blood cell (RBC) and serum) and homocysteine levels were examined in an elderly Australian cohort (n = 599). Genotypes were assessed by RT/RFLP-PCR, and UVR exposures were assessed as the accumulated erythemal dose rate accumulated over 4 months (4M-EDR). Multivariate analysis found significant negative associations between 4M-EDR and RBC folate (p < 0.001, β = −0.19), serum folate (p = 0.045, β = −0.08) and homocysteine levels (p < 0.001, β = −0.28). Significant associations between MC1R-rs1805007 and serum folate levels (p = 0.020), and IRF4-rs12203592 and homocysteine levels (p = 0.026) occurred but did not remain significant following corrections with confounders. No interactions between 4M-EDR and pigmentation variants in predicting folate/homocysteine levels were found. UVR levels and skin pigmentation-related variants are potential determinants of folate and homocysteine status, although, associations are mixed and complex, with further studies warranted.
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8
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Lin T, Man M, Abuabara K, Wakefield JS, Sheu H, Tsai J, Lee C, Elias PM. By protecting against cutaneous inflammation, epidermal pigmentation provided an additional advantage for ancestral humans. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1960-1970. [PMID: 31700538 PMCID: PMC6824065 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigmentation evolved in ancestral humans to protect against toxic, ultraviolet B irradiation, but the question remains: "what is being protected?" Because humans with dark pigmentation display a suite of superior epidermal functions in comparison with their more lightly pigmented counterparts, we hypothesized and provided evidence that dark pigmentation evolved in Africa to support cutaneous function. Because our prior clinical studies also showed that a restoration of a competent barrier dampens cutaneous inflammation, we hypothesized that resistance to inflammation could have provided pigmented hominins with yet another, important evolutionary benefit. We addressed this issue here in two closely related strains of hairless mice, endowed with either moderate (Skh2/J) or absent (Skh1) pigmentation. In these models, we showed that (a) pigmented mice display a markedly reduced propensity to develop inflammation after challenges with either a topical irritant or allergen in comparison with their nonpigmented counterparts; (b) visible and histologic evidence of inflammation was paralleled by reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1α and INFα); (c) because depigmentation of Skh2/J mouse skin enhanced both visible inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels after comparable pro-inflammatory challenges, the reduced propensity to develop inflammation was directly linked to the presence of pigmentation; and (d) furthermore, in accordance with our prior work showing that pigment production endows benefits by reducing the surface pH of skin, acidification of albino (Skh1) mouse skin also protected against inflammation, and equalized cytokine levels to those found in pigmented skin. In summary, pigmentation yields a reduced propensity to develop inflammation, consistent with our hypothesis that dark pigmentation evolved in ancestral humans to provide a suite of barrier-linked benefits that now include resistance to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu‐Kai Lin
- Department of DermatologyHualien Tzu Chi HospitalBuddhist Tzu Chi Medical FoundationHualienTaiwan
- School of MedicineTzu Chi UniversityHualienTaiwan
| | - Mao‐Qiang Man
- Department of DermatologyVA Med Ctr/UCSFSan FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Katrina Abuabara
- Program for Clinical ResearchDepartment of DermatologyUC San Francisco School of MedicineSan FranciscoCalifornia
| | | | - Hamm‐ming Sheu
- Department of DermatologyNational Cheng Kung University College of MedicineTainanTaiwan
| | - Jui‐chen Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutical SciencesCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Hung Lee
- Department of DermatologyKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Department of DermatologyVA Med Ctr/UCSFSan FranciscoCalifornia
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9
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Elias PM, Williams ML. Comment on: The Vitamin D⁻Folate Hypothesis as an Evolutionary Model for Skin Pigmentation: An Update and Integration of Current Ideas, Nutrients 2018, 10, 554. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1753. [PMID: 30441753 PMCID: PMC6265719 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to a recent article by Jones et al. (Nutrients 10: 554⁻568, 2018) [1], we agree that three distinctive features evolved in Homo erectus prior to the emergence of modern humans.[...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
| | - Mary L Williams
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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10
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Davis GE, Lowell WE. Solar energy at birth and human lifespan. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 186:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Lawrence KP, Douki T, Sarkany RPE, Acker S, Herzog B, Young AR. The UV/Visible Radiation Boundary Region (385-405 nm) Damages Skin Cells and Induces "dark" Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers in Human Skin in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12722. [PMID: 30143684 PMCID: PMC6109054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse effects of terrestrial solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (~295–400 nm) on the skin are well documented, especially in the UVB region (~295–320 nm). The effects of very long-wave UVA (>380 nm) and visible radiation (≥400 nm) are much less known. Sunscreens have been beneficial in inhibiting a wide range of photodamage, however most formulations provide very little protection in the long wave UVA region (380–400 nm) and almost none from shortwave visible wavelengths (400–420 nm). We demonstrate photodamage in this region for a number of different endpoints including cell viability, DNA damage (delayed cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers), differential gene expression (for genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and photoageing) and induction of oxidizing species in vitro in HaCaT keratinocytes and in vivo in human volunteers. This work has implications for phototherapy and photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl P Lawrence
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Thierry Douki
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES/CIBEST, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Robert P E Sarkany
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Bernd Herzog
- BASF Grenzach GmbH, Grenzach-Whylen, 79639, Germany
| | - Antony R Young
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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12
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Boss SD, Müller C, Siwowska K, Schmid RM, Groehn V, Schibli R, Ametamey SM. Diastereomerically Pure 6 R- and 6 S-3'-Aza-2'- 18F-Fluoro-5-Methyltetrahydrofolates Show Unprecedentedly High Uptake in Folate Receptor-Positive KB Tumors. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:135-141. [PMID: 30042162 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.213314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop the radiosyntheses of diastereomerically pure 6R- and 6S-3'-aza-2'-18F-fluoro-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) (6R-18F-1 and 6S-18F-1) using the integrated approach and to compare the in vitro and in vivo performance characteristics of both radioligands with the previously reported 3'-aza-2'-18F-fluorofolic acid tracer (18F-2), the oxidized form. Methods: 6R-18F-1, 6S-18F-1, and 18F-2 were radiolabeled with 18F using aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction. In vitro cell uptake studies and binding affinity assays were performed using folate receptor (FR)-α-expressing KB cells. PET/CT imaging and biodistribution experiments were performed with KB tumor-bearing mice. Results: Reference compounds 6R-1 and 6S-1 were obtained after acidic hydrolysis of the corresponding protected intermediates 6R-3 and 6S-3 in high chemical yields (81%-87%) and chemical purities of more than 95%. 6R-18F-1, 6S-18F-1, and 18F-2 were obtained after a 2-step radiosynthetic procedure in a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of up to 5% and molar radioactivities ranging from 20 to 250 GBq/μmol. In vitro binding affinity studies using FR-α-positive KB cells gave half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 27.1 ± 3.7 and 23.8 ± 4.0 nM for 6R-1 and 6S-1, respectively, which were higher than for the previously reported 3'-aza-2'-fluorofolic acid 2 (1.4 ± 0.5 nM). Comparably high cell uptake values in FR-α-expressing KB cells were found for all 3 radiofolates. In biodistribution studies, exceptionally high KB tumor uptake value of over 32% injected activity per gram of tissue for both 6R-18F-1 and 6S-18F-1 was observed at 180 min after injection, whereas for 18F-2 only 15% injected activity per gram was found in the KB tumors. Radioactivity uptake in the kidneys, liver, salivary glands, and spleen was substantially different for the 6R- and 6S-diastereoisomers and 18F-2 Excellent KB tumor visualization was found in PET/CT images with 6R-18F-1 and 6S-18F-1, both of which outperformed the corresponding oxidized 18F-2. Conclusion: We have successfully radiolabeled 6R- and 6S-3'-aza-2'-18F-fluoro-5-MTHF with 18F using the integrated approach. Our results suggest that both 6R- and 6S-3'-aza-2'-18F-fluoro-5-MTHF are promising reduced radiofolates for imaging FR-α-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvan D Boss
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; and
| | - Klaudia Siwowska
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; and
| | - Raffaella M Schmid
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; and
| | | | - Roger Schibli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; and
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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The Vitamin D⁻Folate Hypothesis as an Evolutionary Model for Skin Pigmentation: An Update and Integration of Current Ideas. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050554. [PMID: 29710859 PMCID: PMC5986434 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is unique in being generated in our skin following ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Ongoing research into vitamin D must therefore always consider the influence of UVR on vitamin D processes. The close relationship between vitamin D and UVR forms the basis of the “vitamin D–folate hypothesis”, a popular theory for why human skin colour has evolved as an apparent adaption to UVR environments. Vitamin D and folate have disparate sensitivities to UVR; whilst vitamin D may be synthesised following UVR exposure, folate may be degraded. The vitamin D–folate hypothesis proposes that skin pigmentation has evolved as a balancing mechanism, maintaining levels of these vitamins. There are several alternative theories that counter the vitamin D–folate hypothesis. However, there is significant overlap between these theories and the now known actions of vitamin D and folate in the skin. The focus of this review is to present an update on the vitamin D–folate hypothesis by integrating these current theories and discussing new evidence that supports associations between vitamin D and folate genetics, UVR, and skin pigmentation. In light of recent human migrations and seasonality in disease, the need for ongoing research into potential UVR-responsive processes within the body is also discussed.
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14
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Boss SD, Müller C, Siwowska K, Büchel JI, Schmid RM, Groehn V, Schibli R, Ametamey SM. Reduced 18F-Folate Conjugates as a New Class of PET Tracers for Folate Receptor Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1119-1130. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvan D. Boss
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Klaudia Siwowska
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Josephine I. Büchel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella M. Schmid
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Schibli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Simon M. Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Jones P, Lucock M, Veysey M, Jablonski N, Chaplin G, Beckett E. Frequency of folate-related polymorphisms varies by skin pigmentation. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 30. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Jones
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle; Ourimbah NSW Australia
| | - Mark Lucock
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle; Ourimbah NSW Australia
| | - Martin Veysey
- Hull-York Medical School; University of York; Heslington York UK
| | - Nina Jablonski
- Anthropology Department; The Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania
| | - George Chaplin
- Anthropology Department; The Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania
| | - Emma Beckett
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle; Ourimbah NSW Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health; University of Newcastle; Ourimbah NSW Australia
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16
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Liu G, Bin P, Wang T, Ren W, Zhong J, Liang J, Hu CAA, Zeng Z, Yin Y. DNA Methylation and the Potential Role of Methyl-Containing Nutrients in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1670815. [PMID: 29348786 PMCID: PMC5733941 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1670815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) experience a low quality of life and increase pressure on healthcare systems both nationally and globally. DNA methylation, which refers to the pathway by which DNA methyltransferase facilitates the addition of a methyl group to DNA, is of critical importance in this respect primarily because the epigenetic modification is implicated in a range of serious conditions including atherosclerosis, CVDs, and cancer. Research findings indicate that the number of epigenetic alterations can be elicited (both in utero and in adults) through the administration of certain nutritional supplements, including folic acid and methionine; this is partly attributable to the effect employed by methyl-containing nutrients in DNA methylation. Thus, for the purpose of illuminating viable therapeutic measures and preventive strategies for CVDs, research should continue to explore the intricate associations that exist between epigenetic regulation and CVD pathogenesis. This review centers on an exposition of the mechanism by which DNA methylation takes place, the impact it has on a range of conditions, and the potential clinical value of nutrition, driven mainly by the observation that nutritional supplements such as folic acid can affect DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Peng Bin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianwei Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Liang
- College of Packaging and Printing Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4670, Fitz 258, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zhaoying Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan 410125, China
- Animal Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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17
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Ruiz-Rico M, Daubenschüz H, Pérez-Esteve É, Marcos MD, Amorós P, Martínez-Máñez R, Barat JM. Protective effect of mesoporous silica particles on encapsulated folates. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 105:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Arianayagam S, Ryan TJ. Human pigmentation: A side effect adapted from a primitive organism's survival. Part 2: The melanocyte as mentor of the keratinocye. Indian Dermatol Online J 2014; 5:328-33. [PMID: 25165658 PMCID: PMC4144226 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5178.137793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigmentation featured millions of years ago and perhaps began with an amoeba frightening off a predator with some agent such as dopamine to prevent its attachment for phagocytosis by an enemy. This paper suggests that the environmental forces of grip and stick, rather than pure chemical influences, deserve greater emphasis, and that the influence of the mechanical forces involved in grip and stick or release from attachment, all point to control of proteases as a function underlying pigmentation. How and why pigmentation varies with temperature and sunlight is discussed. The toxicity of melanin, pH, transepidermal water loss, and the influence of endocrine factors are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terence J Ryan
- Department of Dermatology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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19
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Juzeniene A, Thu Tam TT, Iani V, Moan J. The action spectrum for folic acid photodegradation in aqueous solutions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 126:11-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Hasoun LZ, Bailey SW, Outlaw KK, Ayling JE. Effect of serum folate status on total folate and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in human skin. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:42-8. [PMID: 23676422 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.057562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that human skin color adapts to balance the need for vitamin D synthesis in comparison with the protection of DNA and folate from photodegradation. However, the folate content of human skin is unknown and may affect the effectiveness of the antifolate methotrexate for the treatment of psoriasis. OBJECTIVES We examined whether total folate and 5-methyl-(6S)-tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) in human skin can be predicted by serum concentrations and whether there are differences in the proportion of 5-MTHF in dermis compared with epidermis. DESIGN Total folate (by using a microbiological assay) and 5-MTHF (by using high-pressure liquid chromatography) were measured in fasting serum and fresh skin obtained at surgery by using a recovery validated extraction method. RESULTS Total folate in human epidermis was shown to be low compared with in many other tissues, and dermal folate was an order-of-magnitude even lower. These concentrations were directly and linearly linked to serum folate status. Although the percentage of 5-MTHF of the total in the dermis was similar to that in other organs, it was especially high in the epidermis and increased to >65% as serum folate decreased. CONCLUSIONS The high proportion of 5-MTHF in the epidermis, which is further emphasized in subjects with a lower (10-20-nmol/L) serum folate status, points to a special role for this form of folate in skin, perhaps as a protectant from ultraviolet-induced photosensitization reactions. 5-MTHF may also maintain methylation reactions that influence the proliferative activity. These results may help to individualize the treatment of psoriasis patients with methotrexate and folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luai Z Hasoun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
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21
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Borradale DC, Kimlin MG. Folate degradation due to ultraviolet radiation: possible implications for human health and nutrition. Nutr Rev 2012; 70:414-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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22
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Moan J, Nielsen KP, Juzeniene A. Immediate pigment darkening: its evolutionary roles may include protection against folate photosensitization. FASEB J 2011; 26:971-5. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-195859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Moan
- Department of Radiation BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchNorwegian Radium HospitalOslo University HospitalMontebelloNorway
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | - Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchNorwegian Radium HospitalOslo University HospitalMontebelloNorway
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23
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Simon RR, Phillips KM, Horst RL, Munro IC. Vitamin D mushrooms: comparison of the composition of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) treated postharvest with UVB light or sunlight. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:8724-8732. [PMID: 21736377 DOI: 10.1021/jf201255b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the compositional changes in mushrooms exposed to sunlight with those occurring after commercial ultraviolet (UV) light processing. Button mushrooms (75 kg) were processed in the presence or absence of UVB light; a third group was exposed to direct sunlight. Mushroom composition was evaluated using chemical analyses. Vitamin D concentrations were 5, 410, and 374 μg/100 g (dw) in control, UVB, and sunlight groups, respectively. On a dry weight basis, no significant changes in vitamin C, folate, vitamins B(6), vitamin B(5), riboflavin, niacin, amino acids, fatty acids, ergosterol, or agaritine were observed following UVB processing. Sunlight exposure resulted in a 26% loss of riboflavin, evidence of folate oxidation, and unexplained increases in ergosterol (9.5%). It was concluded that compositional effects of UVB light are limited to changes in vitamin D and show no detrimental changes relative to natural sunlight exposure and, therefore, provide important information relevant to the suitability and safety of UVB light technology for vitamin D enhanced mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Simon
- Cantox Health Sciences International, an Intertek Company, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
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24
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Chuang SC, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Ueland PM, Vollset SE, Middtun Ø, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Morois S, Clavel-Chapelon F, Teucher B, Kaaks R, Weikert C, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Benetou V, Naska A, Jenab M, Slimani N, Romieu I, Michaud DS, Palli D, Sabina S, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Skeie G, Duell EJ, Rodriguez L, Molina-Montes E, Huerta JM, Larrañaga N, Gurrea AB, Johansen D, Manjer J, Ye W, Sund M, Peeters PHM, Jeumink S, Wareham N, Khaw KT, Crowe F, Riboli E, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Vineis P. A U-shaped relationship between plasma folate and pancreatic cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:1808-16. [PMID: 21411310 PMCID: PMC3500543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Folate intake has shown an inverse association with pancreatic cancer; nevertheless, results from plasma measurements were inconsistent. The aim of this study is to examine the association between plasma total homocysteine, methionine, folate, cobalamin, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide and pancreatic cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). We conducted a nested case-control study in the EPIC cohort, which has an average of 9.6 years of follow-up (1992-2006), using 463 incident pancreatic cancer cases. Controls were matched to each case by center, sex, age (± 1 year), date (± 1 year) and time (± 3 h) at blood collection and fasting status. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for education, smoking status, plasma cotinine concentration, alcohol drinking, body mass index and diabetes status. We observed a U-shaped association between plasma folate and pancreatic cancer risk. The ORs for plasma folate ≤ 5, 5-10, 10-15 (reference), 15-20, and > 20 nmol/L were 1.58 (95% CI=0.72-3.46), 1.39 (0.93-2.08), 1.0 (reference), 0.79 (0.52-1.21), and 1.34 (0.89-2.02), respectively. Methionine was associated with an increased risk in men (per quintile increment: OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.00-1.38) but not in women (OR=0.91, 95% CI=0.78-1.07; p for heterogeneity <0.01). Our results suggest a U-shaped association between plasma folate and pancreatic cancer risk in both men and women. The positive association that we observed between methionine and pancreatic cancer may be sex dependent and may differ by time of follow-up. However, the mechanisms behind the observed associations warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Chuang
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC/HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, MD, USA
| | - Per Magne Ueland
- Section of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stein Emil Vollset
- Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Anja Olsen
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, the Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, the Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, U1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Paris South University, UMRS1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Morois
- INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, U1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Paris South University, UMRS1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Franςoise Clavel-Chapelon
- INSERM, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, U1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Paris South University, UMRS1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Brigit Teucher
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Germany
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrüecke Arthur-Scheunert-Alle 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- WHO collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Benetou
- WHO collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Androniki Naska
- WHO collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Nadia Slimani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Dominique S. Michaud
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Sieri Sabina
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Universita di Napoli, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile M.P. Arzeeo” Hospital ASP 7, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Guri Skeie
- Institutt for Samfunnsmedisin, Universitetet I Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eric J. Duell
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Institut Catala d’Oncologia (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laudina Rodriguez
- Jefa de Seccion de Informacion Sanitaria, Servicio de Salud Sanitarios, Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Spain
| | - Esther Molina-Montes
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Granada, Spain
- Ciber Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - José Marí Huerta
- Ciber Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Murica, Spain
| | - Nerea Larrañaga
- Ciber Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea
- Ciber Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dorthe Johansen
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institut, Stockholm, Umea, Sweden
- The Medical Biobank at Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Malin Sund
- Departments of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Surgery and Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutrition Research, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Petra HM Peeters
- Julius Center for Health Science and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Jeumink
- The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Francesca Crowe
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Vineis
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC/HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- HuGeF Foundation, Torino, Italy
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Scurachio RS, Skibsted LH, Metzker G, Cardoso DR. Photodegradation of Folate Sensitized by Riboflavin. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:840-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina S. Scurachio
- Instituto de Quimica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leif H. Skibsted
- Food Chemistry, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Gustavo Metzker
- Instituto de Quimica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel R. Cardoso
- Instituto de Quimica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marzullo G, Boklage CE. Bimodal rhythms of general conceptions and the birth-month phenomenon in schizophrenia, neural tube defects, and laterality: A solstitial hypothesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 91:249-57. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Although micronuclei (MNi) have been extensively used to evaluate genotoxic effects and chromosome instability, the most basic issue regarding their formation was not completely addressed until recently, due to limitations of traditional experimental methods. The development of live-cell imaging, combined with genetically engineered chromosome labelling techniques makes it possible to investigate the origin of a micronucleus in a single cell in a real-time and high-throughput manner. Here, we review all the available studies on the origins of MNi in live cells and discuss novel findings based on this recently emerged methodology. Some unsolved questions on MNi formation and limitations of live-cell imaging in the investigation of MNi have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
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Abstract
Mandatory and discretionary fortification with folic acid is eliminating deficiency of this vitamin. Blood levels of the vitamin have never been higher, with hematologic folate values commonly exceeding the upper range of calibration. The synthetic analog (pteroylmonoglutamic acid) prevents neural tube defects and lowers homocysteine, both positive attributes, yet negative correlates of pteroylmonoglutamic acid are increasingly reported. These involve increased risk for common cancers (ie, colon, breast, prostate) and antimetabolite effects on natural killer cells and at dihydrofolate reductase, a critical gatekeeper enzyme. This review, however, takes a different, human ecological perspective, examining novel folate-related phenomena distinct from the classic metabolic role of the vitamin in maintaining health and well-being. An argument is developed that at molecular, cellular, and organism levels, folate is crucial to some important events that link light to life.
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Natera J, Massad WA, García NA. Vitamin B1 as a Scavenger of Reactive Oxygen Species Photogenerated by Vitamin B2. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 87:317-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Juzeniene A, Stokke KT, Thune P, Moan J. Pilot study of folate status in healthy volunteers and in patients with psoriasis before and after UV exposure. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 101:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Eussen SJPM, Vollset SE, Igland J, Meyer K, Fredriksen A, Ueland PM, Jenab M, Slimani N, Boffetta P, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Morois S, Weikert C, Pischon T, Linseisen J, Kaaks R, Trichopoulou A, Zilis D, Katsoulis M, Palli D, Berrino F, Vineis P, Tumino R, Panico S, Peeters PHM, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, van Duijnhoven FJB, Gram IT, Skeie G, Lund E, González CA, Martínez C, Dorronsoro M, Ardanaz E, Navarro C, Rodríguez L, Van Guelpen B, Palmqvist R, Manjer J, Ericson U, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Norat T, Riboli E. Plasma folate, related genetic variants, and colorectal cancer risk in EPIC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:1328-40. [PMID: 20447924 PMCID: PMC2880712 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A potential dual role of folate in colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently subject to debate. We investigate the associations between plasma folate, several relevant folate-related polymorphisms, and CRC risk within the large European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. METHODS In this nested case-control study, 1,367 incident CRC cases were matched to 2,325 controls for study center, age, and sex. Risk ratios (RR) were estimated with conditional logistic regression and adjusted for smoking, education, physical activity, and intake of alcohol and fiber. RESULTS Overall analyses did not reveal associations of plasma folate with CRC. The RR (95% confidence interval; Ptrend) for the fifth versus the first quintile of folate status was 0.94 (0.74-1.20; 0.44). The polymorphisms MTHFR677C-->T, MTHFR1298A-->C, MTR2756A-->G, MTRR66A-->G, and MTHFD11958G-->A were not associated with CRC risk. However, in individuals with the lowest plasma folate concentrations, the MTHFR 677TT genotype showed a statistically nonsignificant increased CRC risk [RR (95% CI; Ptrend) TT versus CC=1.39 (0.87-2.21); 0.12], whereas those with the highest folate concentrations showed a nonsignificant decreased CRC risk [RR TT versus CC=0.74 (0.39-1.37); 0.34]. The SLC19A180G-->A showed a positive association with CRC risk [RR AA versus GG 1.30 (1.06-1.59); <0.01]. CONCLUSIONS This large European prospective multicenter study did not show an association of CRC risk with plasma folate status nor with MTHFR polymorphisms. IMPACT Findings of the present study tend to weaken the evidence that folate plays an important role in CRC carcinogenesis. However, larger sample sizes are needed to adequately address potential gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone J P M Eussen
- LOCUS for homocysteine and related vitamins, Institute of Medicine, Section for Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Bergen, and Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Laboratory Building, 9th floor, Bergen, Norway.
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Ahmad I, Ahmed S, Sheraz MA, Vaid FH, Ansari IA. Effect of divalent anions on photodegradation kinetics and pathways of riboflavin in aqueous solution. Int J Pharm 2010; 390:174-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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