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Fukui Y, Tadokoro K, Hamada M, Asada K, Lee LJ, Tachiki H, Morihara R, Abe K, Yamashita T. A Novel Peptidome Technology for the Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease by Selected Reaction Monitoring. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:219-228. [PMID: 38848173 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Background With the aging of populations worldwide, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a concern due to its high prevalence and the continued lack of established treatments. Early diagnosis is required as a preventive intervention to modify the disease's progression. In our previous study, we performed peptidomic analysis of serum samples obtained from AD patients and age-matched healthy subjects to seek peptide biomarker candidates for AD by using BLOTCHIP-MS analysis, and identified four peptides as AD biomarker candidates. Objective The objective was to validate the serum biomarker peptides to distinguish mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in comparison to cognitively healthy controls using a new peptidome technology, the Dementia Risk Test. Methods We enrolled 195 subjects with normal cognitive function (NC; n = 70), MCI (n = 55), and AD (n = 70), The concentrations of cognitive impairment marker peptides (Fibrinogen α chain (FAC), Fibrinogen β chain (FBC), Plasma protease C1 inhibitor (PPC1I), α2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG)) were quantified by using a selected reaction monitoring assay based on liquid chromatography-MS/MS. Results The present study confirmed that three peptides, FAC, FBC, and PPC1I, were significantly upregulated during the onset of AD. This three-peptide set was both highly sensitive in determining AD (sensitivity: 85.7%, specificity: 95.7%, AUC: 0.900) and useful in distinguishing MCI (sensitivity: 61.8%, specificity: 98.6%, AUC: 0.824) from NC. Conclusions In this validation study, we confirmed the high diagnostic potential of the three peptides identified in our previous study as candidate serum biomarkers for AD. The Dementia Risk Test may be a powerful tool for detecting AD-related pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fukui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koh Tadokoro
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Minaki Hamada
- Protosera, Inc., KENTO Innovation Park NK, Settsu, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Asada
- Protosera, Inc., KENTO Innovation Park NK, Settsu, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lyang-Ja Lee
- Protosera, Inc., KENTO Innovation Park NK, Settsu, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kitaku, Okayama, Japan
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Perluigi M, Di Domenico F, Butterfield DA. Oxidative damage in neurodegeneration: roles in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:103-197. [PMID: 37843394 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with multiple etiologies and pathological mechanisms, among which oxidative stress (OS) appears as a major determinant. Intriguingly, OS arises in various pathways regulating brain functions, and it seems to link different hypotheses and mechanisms of AD neuropathology with high fidelity. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, mainly because of its unique lipid composition, resulting in an amplified cascade of redox reactions that target several cellular components/functions ultimately leading to neurodegeneration. The present review highlights the "OS hypothesis of AD," including amyloid beta-peptide-associated mechanisms, the role of lipid and protein oxidation unraveled by redox proteomics, and the antioxidant strategies that have been investigated to modulate the progression of AD. Collected studies from our groups and others have contributed to unraveling the close relationships between perturbation of redox homeostasis in the brain and AD neuropathology by elucidating redox-regulated events potentially involved in both the pathogenesis and progression of AD. However, the complexity of AD pathological mechanisms requires an in-depth understanding of several major intracellular pathways affecting redox homeostasis and relevant for brain functions. This understanding is crucial to developing pharmacological strategies targeting OS-mediated toxicity that may potentially contribute to slow AD progression as well as improve the quality of life of persons with this severe dementing disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli," Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli," Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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Wilson MR, Satapathy S, Vendruscolo M. Extracellular protein homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:235-245. [PMID: 36828943 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The protein homeostasis (proteostasis) system encompasses the cellular processes that regulate protein synthesis, folding, concentration, trafficking and degradation. In the case of intracellular proteostasis, the identity and nature of these processes have been extensively studied and are relatively well known. By contrast, the mechanisms of extracellular proteostasis are yet to be fully elucidated, although evidence is accumulating that their age-related progressive impairment might contribute to neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. Constitutively secreted extracellular chaperones are emerging as key players in processes that operate to protect neurons and other brain cells by neutralizing the toxicity of extracellular protein aggregates and promoting their safe clearance and disposal. Growing evidence indicates that these extracellular chaperones exert multiple effects to promote cell viability and protect neurons against pathologies arising from the misfolding and aggregation of proteins in the synaptic space and interstitial fluid. In this Review, we outline the current knowledge of the mechanisms of extracellular proteostasis linked to neurodegenerative diseases, and we examine the latest understanding of key molecules and processes that protect the brain from the pathological consequences of extracellular protein aggregation and proteotoxicity. Finally, we contemplate possible therapeutic opportunities for neurodegenerative diseases on the basis of this emerging knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Wilson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Sandeep Satapathy
- Blavatnik Institute of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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4
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The Emerging Roles of Extracellular Chaperones in Complement Regulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233907. [PMID: 36497163 PMCID: PMC9738919 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is essential to protect organisms from internal and external threats. The rapidly acting, non-specific innate immune system includes complement, which initiates an inflammatory cascade and can form pores in the membranes of target cells to induce cell lysis. Regulation of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is essential for normal cellular and organismal function, and has been implicated in processes controlling immunity and infection. Chaperones are key players in maintaining proteostasis in both the intra- and extracellular environments. Whilst intracellular proteostasis is well-characterised, the role of constitutively secreted extracellular chaperones (ECs) is less well understood. ECs may interact with invading pathogens, and elements of the subsequent immune response, including the complement pathway. Both ECs and complement can influence the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as other diseases including kidney diseases and diabetes. This review will examine known and recently discovered ECs, and their roles in immunity, with a specific focus on the complement pathway.
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Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Mechanistic Biomarkers of Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Cognitive Decline. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116144. [PMID: 35682821 PMCID: PMC9181591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and other forms of dementia are recognized as common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, there are no disease-modifying therapies or definitive clinical diagnostic and prognostic tools for dementia, and the mechanisms underpinning the link between T2DM and cognitive dysfunction remain equivocal. Some of the suggested pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in diabetes patients include hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and altered insulin signaling, neuroinflammation, cerebral microvascular injury, and buildup of cerebral amyloid and tau proteins. Given the skyrocketing global rates of diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders, there is an urgent need to discover novel biomarkers relevant to the co-morbidity of both conditions to guide future diagnostic approaches. This review aims to provide a comprehensive background of the potential risk factors, the identified biomarkers of diabetes-related cognitive decrements, and the underlying processes of diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction. Aging, poor glycemic control, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemic episodes, depression, and vascular complications are associated with increased risk of dementia. Conclusive research studies that have attempted to find specific biomarkers are limited. However, the most frequent considerations in such investigations are related to C reactive protein, tau protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, advanced glycation end products, glycosylated hemoglobin, and adipokines.
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Rehiman SH, Lim SM, Lim FT, Chin AV, Tan MP, Kamaruzzaman SB, Ramasamy K, Abdul Majeed AB. Fibrinogen isoforms as potential blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease using a proteomics approach. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:1014-1025. [PMID: 33280461 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1860038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the commonest form of dementia which is characterized by progressive decline in cognitive function, can only be definitively diagnosed after death. Although biomarkers may aid diagnosis, currently available AD biomarkers, which are predominantly based on cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging facilities, are either invasive or costly. Blood-based biomarkers for AD diagnosis are highly sought after due to its practicality at the clinic. This study was undertaken to determine the differential protein expression in plasma amongst Malaysian AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and non-AD individuals. Methods: A proteomic approach which utilized two-dimensional differential in gel electrophoresis (2 D DIGE) was performed for blood samples from 15 AD, 14 MCI and 15 non-AD individuals. Results: Mass spectrometry (MS)-based protein identification via MALDI ToF/ToF showed that fibrinogen-β-chain (spot 64) and fibrinogen-γ-chain (spot 91) with differential expression ratio >1.5 were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in AD patients when compared to non-AD individuals. Further data analysis using Pearson correlation found that the upregulated fibrinogen-γ-chain was weakly but significantly (p < 0.05) and inversely correlated with cognitive decline. Conclusion: Fibrinogen isoforms may play important roles in the vascular pathology of AD as well as neuroinflammation. As such, fibrinogen appears to be a promising blood-based biomarker for AD. Further validation of the present findings in larger population is now warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hajar Rehiman
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fei Tieng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ai-Vyrn Chin
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Bahyah Kamaruzzaman
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Diniz Pereira J, Gomes Fraga V, Morais Santos AL, Carvalho MDG, Caramelli P, Braga Gomes K. Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of proteomic studies. J Neurochem 2020; 156:753-776. [PMID: 32909269 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Similar to dementia, the risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases with age, and T2DM also increases the risk for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although T2DM is primarily a peripheral disorder and AD is a central nervous system disease, both share some common features as they are chronic and complex diseases, and both show involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in their progression. These characteristics suggest that T2DM may be associated with AD, which gave rise to a new term, type 3 diabetes (T3DM). In this study, we searched for matching peripheral proteomic biomarkers of AD and T2DM based in a systematic review of the available literature. We identified 17 common biomarkers that were differentially expressed in both patients with AD or T2DM when compared with healthy controls. These biomarkers could provide a useful workflow for screening T2DM patients at risk to develop AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Diniz Pereira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Gomes Fraga
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anna Luiza Morais Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Carvalho
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Finelli MJ. Redox Post-translational Modifications of Protein Thiols in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Conditions-Focus on S-Nitrosation. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:254. [PMID: 33088270 PMCID: PMC7497228 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RONS) are by-products of aerobic metabolism. RONS trigger a signaling cascade that can be transduced through oxidation-reduction (redox)-based post-translational modifications (redox PTMs) of protein thiols. This redox signaling is essential for normal cellular physiology and coordinately regulates the function of redox-sensitive proteins. It plays a particularly important role in the brain, which is a major producer of RONS. Aberrant redox PTMs of protein thiols can impair protein function and are associated with several diseases. This mini review article aims to evaluate the role of redox PTMs of protein thiols, in particular S-nitrosation, in brain aging, and in neurodegenerative diseases. It also discusses the potential of using redox-based therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattéa J Finelli
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Rehiman SH, Lim SM, Neoh CF, Majeed ABA, Chin AV, Tan MP, Kamaruzzaman SB, Ramasamy K. Proteomics as a reliable approach for discovery of blood-based Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101066. [PMID: 32294542 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to gauge the impact of proteomics in discovery of Alzheimer's disease (AD) blood-based biomarkers, this study had systematically reviewed articles published between 1984-2019. Articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were assessed for risk of bias. A meta-analysis was performed for replicable candidate biomarkers (CB). Of the 1651 articles that were identified, 17 case-control and two cohort studies, as well as three combined case-control and longitudinal designs were shortlisted. A total of 207 AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) CB were discovered, with 48 reported in >2 studies. This review highlights six CB, namely alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M)ps, pancreatic polypeptide (PP)ps, apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1)ps, afaminp, insulin growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2)ps and fibrinogen-γ-chainp, all of which exhibited consistent pattern of regulation in >three independent cohorts. They are involved in AD pathogenesis via amyloid-beta (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Meta-analysis indicated that ApoA-1ps was significantly downregulated in AD (SMD = -1.52, 95% CI: -1.89, -1.16, p < 0.00001), with low inter-study heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p = 0.59). α2Mps was significantly upregulated in AD (SMD = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.62, p = 0.04), with moderate inter-study heterogeneity (I2 = 41%, p = 0.19). Both CB are involved in Aβ formation. These findings provide important insights into blood-based AD biomarkers discovery via proteomics.
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Plasma transferrin and hemopexin are associated with altered Aβ uptake and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease pathology. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:72. [PMID: 32517787 PMCID: PMC7285604 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Heme and iron homeostasis is perturbed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the levels and association of heme with iron-binding plasma proteins in cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD individuals from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL) and Kerr Anglican Retirement Village Initiative in Ageing Health (KARVIAH) cohorts. Methods Non-targeted proteomic analysis by high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed to quantify relative protein abundances in plasma samples from 144 CN individuals from the AIBL and 94 CN from KARVIAH cohorts and 21 MCI and 25 AD from AIBL cohort. ANCOVA models were utilized to assess the differences in plasma proteins implicated in heme/iron metabolism, while multiple regression modeling (and partial correlation) was performed to examine the association between heme and iron proteins, structural neuroimaging, and cognitive measures. Results Of the plasma proteins implicated in iron and heme metabolism, hemoglobin subunit β (p = 0.001) was significantly increased in AD compared to CN individuals. Multiple regression modeling adjusted for age, sex, APOEε4 genotype, and disease status in the AIBL cohort revealed lower levels of transferrin but higher levels of hemopexin associated with augmented brain amyloid deposition. Meanwhile, transferrin was positively associated with hippocampal volume and MMSE performance, and hemopexin was negatively associated with CDR scores. Partial correlation analysis revealed lack of significant associations between heme/iron proteins in the CN individuals progressing to cognitive impairment. Conclusions In conclusion, heme and iron dyshomeostasis appears to be a feature of AD. The causal relationship between heme/iron metabolism and AD warrants further investigation.
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Rahman MA, Hossain S, Abdullah N, Aminudin N. Brain proteomics links oxidative stress with metabolic and cellular stress response proteins in behavioural alteration of Alzheimer's disease model rats. AIMS Neurosci 2020; 6:299-315. [PMID: 32341985 PMCID: PMC7179348 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2019.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs memory and learning related behavioural performances of the affected person. Compared with the controls, memory and learning related behavioural performances of the AD model rats followed by hippocampal proteomics had been observed in the present study. In the eight armed radial maze, altered performance of the AD rats had been observed. Using liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 822 proteins had been identified with protein threshold at 95.0%, minimum peptide of 2 and peptide threshold at 0.1% FDR. Among them, 329 proteins were differentially expressed with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Among the significantly regulated (P < 0.05) 329 proteins, 289 met the criteria of fold change (LogFC of 1.5) cut off value. Number of proteins linked with AD, oxidative stress (OS) and hypercholesterolemia was 59, 20 and 12, respectively. Number of commonly expressed proteins was 361. The highest amount of proteins differentially expressed in the AD rats were those involved in metabolic processes followed by those linked with OS. Most notable was the perturbed state of the cholesterol metabolizing proteins in the AD group. Current findings suggest that proteins associated with oxidative stress, glucose and cholesterol metabolism and cellular stress response are among the mostly affected proteins in AD subjects. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches targeting these proteins could be strategized to withstand the ever increasing global AD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azizur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Noorlidah Abdullah
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhaniza Aminudin
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Chen P, Wang LX, Sui XJ, Li SM, Wang Y, Liu Q, Ni JZ. Comparative Serum Proteomic Analysis of the Effects of Sodium Selenate on a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 192:263-276. [PMID: 30790121 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), as a nutritionally essential trace element, has been shown to decrease with age and is closely related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). To probe the effects of Se on AD pathology, two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis was applied to the serum samples collected from the wild-type (WT) mice and the triple transgenic (PS1M146V/AβPPSwe/TauP301L) AD mice (3xTg-AD), treated with or without sodium selenate in drinking water for 4 months beginning at 2 months of age. Proteomics results revealed 17 differentially expressed proteins between WT and 3xTg-AD mice. It was found that the administration of selenate reversed the alterations of the differentially expressed serum proteins by up-regulating 13 proteins and down-regulating 2 proteins which were reported to be involved in the key pathogenesis of AD, including regulation of Aβ production, lipid metabolism regulation, and anti-inflammation. These results suggested that a dietary supplement with selenate is effective for prevention and treatment of AD, and the mechanism was maybe related to its role in Aβ regulation, lipid metabolism, and anti-inflammation. Moreover, we also presented that α-2 macroglobulin, transthyretin, haptoglobin, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, and alpha-1-antitrypsin in the serum can be used to evaluate the effect of selenate on AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbial Resources and Fermentation Technology, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China.
| | - Li-Xiang Wang
- Department of Marine Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Sui
- Department of Marine Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shui-Ming Li
- Department of Marine Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Marine Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Marine Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Jia-Zuan Ni
- Department of Marine Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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13
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Babele P, Verma S, Kumar RB, Bhagyawant SS, Kamboj DV, Alam SI. Elucidation of protein biomarkers in plasma and urine for epsilon toxin exposure in mouse model. Anaerobe 2019; 59:76-91. [PMID: 31145997 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epsilon toxin (ETX) is the major virulence determinant of C. perfringens type B or type D strains, causing diseases in animals, besides being a listed biological and toxin warfare (BTW) agent. Keeping in mind the high lethality and the rapid onset of clinical manifestations, early diagnosis of epsilon toxin exposure is of paramount importance for implementation of appropriate medical countermeasures. Using a 2DE-MS approach, the present study is the first comprehensive proteomic elucidation of ETX-induced protein markers in the mouse model, providing putative targets for early diagnosis of ETX exposure. A total of 52 unique proteins showing ETX-induced modulations were identified in plasma and urine samples. Fibrinogen, apolipoprotein, serum amyloid protein, plasminogen, serum albumin, glutathione peroxidase, transferrin, major urinary protein 2, haptoglobin, transthyretin, and vitamin D-binding protein were among the proteins observed in more than one dataset with altered abundance after the ETX-intoxication. The predicted localization, function, and interaction of the ETX-modulated proteins in the plasma and urine indicated involvement of multiple pathways; extracellular proteins, followed by macromolecular complexes associated with blood coagulation and plasminogen activating cascade, being the most prominent among others. The putative markers elucidated here warrants further validation and can be of immense value for the early diagnosis of ETX exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Babele
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Smarti Verma
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Ravi Bhushan Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | | | - Dev Vrat Kamboj
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Syed Imteyaz Alam
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, 474002, India.
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14
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Chiaradia E, Renzone G, Scaloni A, Caputo M, Costanzi E, Gambelunghe A, Muzi G, Avellini L, Emiliani C, Buratta S. Protein carbonylation in dopaminergic cells exposed to rotenone. Toxicol Lett 2019; 309:20-32. [PMID: 30951809 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rotenone is an environmental neurotoxin that induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the most common features of Parkinson's disease in animal models. It acts as a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that impairs cellular respiration, with consequent increase of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. This study evaluates the rotenone-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells, focusing particularly on protein oxidation. The identification of specific carbonylated proteins highlighted putative alterations of important cellular processes possibly associated with Parkinson's disease. Carbonylation of ATP synthase and of enzymes acting in pyruvate and glucose metabolism suggested a failure of mechanisms ensuring cellular energy supply. Concomitant oxidation of cytoskeletal proteins and of enzymes involved in the synthesis of neuroactive molecules indicated alterations of the neurotransmission system. Carbonylation of chaperon proteins as well as of proteins acting in the autophagy-lysosome pathway and the ubiquitin-proteasome system suggested the possible formation of cytosolic unfolded protein inclusions as result of defective processes assisting recovery/degradation of damaged molecules. In conclusion, this study originally evidences specific protein targets of rotenone-induced oxidative damage, suggesting some possible molecular mechanisms involved in rotenone toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Mara Caputo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Eva Costanzi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Muzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Avellini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; CEMIN-Center of Excellence for Innovative Nanostructured Material, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sandra Buratta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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15
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Chienwichai P, Reamtong O, Boonyuen U, Pisitkun T, Somparn P, Tharnpoophasiam P, Worakhunpiset S, Topanurak S. Hepatic protein Carbonylation profiles induced by lipid accumulation and oxidative stress for investigating cellular response to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in vitro. Proteome Sci 2019; 17:1. [PMID: 30962768 PMCID: PMC6438040 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-019-0149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by excessive accumulation of fat within the liver, leading to further severe conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Progression of healthy liver to steatosis and NASH is not yet fully understood in terms of process and response. Hepatic oxidative stress is believed to be one of the factors driving steatosis to NASH. Oxidative protein modification is the major cause of protein functional impairment in which alteration of key hepatic enzymes is likely to be a crucial factor for NAFLD biology. In the present study, we aimed to discover carbonylated protein profiles involving in NAFLD biology in vitro. METHODS Hepatocyte cell line was used to induce steatosis with fatty acids (FA) in the presence and absence of menadione (oxidative stress inducer). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics and dinitrophenyl hydrazine derivatization technique were used to identify carbonylated proteins. Sequentially, in order to view changes in protein carbonylation pathway, enrichment using Funrich algorithm was performed. The selected carbonylated proteins were validated with western blot and carbonylated sites were further identified by high-resolution LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Proteomic results and pathway analysis revealed that carbonylated proteins are involved in NASH pathogenesis pathways in which most of them play important roles in energy metabolisms. Particularly, carbonylation level of ATP synthase subunit α (ATP5A), a key protein in cellular respiration, was reduced after FA and FA with oxidative stress treatment, whereas its expression was not altered. Carbonylated sites on this protein were identified and it was revealed that these sites are located in nucleotide binding region. Modification of these sites may, therefore, disturb ATP5A activity. As a consequence, the lower carbonylation level on ATP5A after FA treatment solely or with oxidative stress can increase ATP production. CONCLUSIONS The reduction in carbonylated level of ATP5A might occur to generate more energy in response to pathological conditions, in our case, fat accumulation and oxidative stress in hepatocytes. This would imply the association between protein carbonylation and molecular response to development of steatosis and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peerut Chienwichai
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210 Thailand
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Poorichaya Somparn
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Prapin Tharnpoophasiam
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Suwalee Worakhunpiset
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Supachai Topanurak
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
- Center of Excellence of Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
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16
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Tramutola A, Abate G, Lanzillotta C, Triani F, Barone E, Iavarone F, Vincenzoni F, Castagnola M, Marziano M, Memo M, Garrafa E, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M, Di Domenico F, Uberti D. Protein nitration profile of CD3 + lymphocytes from Alzheimer disease patients: Novel hints on immunosenescence and biomarker detection. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:430-439. [PMID: 30321702 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive form of dementia characterized by increased production of amyloid-β plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated oxidative stress, reduced protein clearance, among other. Several studies showed systemic modifications of immune and inflammatory systems due, in part, to decreased levels of CD3+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood in AD. Considering that oxidative stress, both in the brain and in the periphery, can influence the activation and differentiation of T-cells, we investigated the 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) proteome of blood T-cells derived from AD patients compared to non-demented (ND) subjects by using a proteomic approach. 3-NT is a formal protein oxidation and index of nitrosative stress. We identified ten proteins showing increasing levels of 3-NT in CD3+ T-cells from AD patients compared with ND subjects. These proteins are involved in energy metabolism, cytoskeletal structure, intracellular signaling, protein folding and turnover, and antioxidant response and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism that impact reduced T-cell differentiation in AD. Our results highlight the role of peripheral oxidative stress in T-cells related to immune-senescence during AD pathology focusing on the specific targets of protein nitration that conceivably can be suitable to further therapies. Further, our data demonstrate common targets of protein nitration between the brain and the periphery, supporting their significance as disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Abate
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Triani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, and/or Dip. di Diagnostica di Laboratorio e Malattie Infettive, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, and/or Dip. di Diagnostica di Laboratorio e Malattie Infettive, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica, and/or Dip. di Diagnostica di Laboratorio e Malattie Infettive, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Marziano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emirena Garrafa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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17
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Butterfield DA, Boyd-Kimball D. Redox proteomics and amyloid β-peptide: insights into Alzheimer disease. J Neurochem 2018; 151:459-487. [PMID: 30216447 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging and characterized pathologically by the presence of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neurite and synapse loss. Amyloid beta-peptide (1-42) [Aβ(1-42)], a major component of senile plaques, is neurotoxic and induces oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Redox proteomics has been used to identify proteins oxidatively modified by Aβ(1-42) in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss these proteins in the context of those identified to be oxidatively modified in animal models of AD, and human studies including familial AD, pre-clinical AD (PCAD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early AD, late AD, Down syndrome (DS), and DS with AD (DS/AD). These redox proteomics studies indicate that Aβ(1-42)-mediated oxidative stress occurs early in AD pathogenesis and results in altered antioxidant and cellular detoxification defenses, decreased energy yielding metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, loss of synaptic plasticity and cell structure, neuroinflammation, impaired protein folding and degradation, and altered signal transduction. Improved access to biomarker imaging and the identification of lifestyle interventions or treatments to reduce Aβ production could be beneficial in preventing or delaying the progression of AD. This article is part of the special issue "Proteomics".
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Debra Boyd-Kimball
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, USA
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18
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Chaubey K, Alam SI, Waghmare CK, Singh L, Srivastava N, Bhattacharya BK. Differential proteome analysis of rat plasma after diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) intoxication, a surrogate of nerve agent sarin. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 298:66-71. [PMID: 30389396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), a surrogate of nerve agent sarin, is an organophosphorus (OP) compound which inhibits neuronal enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Exposure of this compound leads to a wide range of toxic symptoms and survivors may exhibit long term neurotoxicity related to cognitive and memory defects. Due to ease of availability and similar mechanism of action to other highly toxic nerve agent, DFP is widely used as model compound to trace changes associated with nerve agent exposures. Proximal fluids are widely used for the elucidation of biomarkers for exposure to toxic substances and to study the mechanism of toxicity. Using a rat model of OP intoxication, the present study was carried out to elucidate proteomic changes in plasma associated with DFP intoxication. Rats were exposed to a single dose (0.5 LD50) of DFP and their plasma proteome was studied, one day post exposure by two dimensional gel electrophoresis - mass spectrometry (2DE-MS). Some of the milestone changes were validated by Western blot analysis. A total 15 proteins showed significant fold changes in expression with respect to control after 1 day of DFP intoxication. Most of the proteins showing changes in expression at initial stages were related to immunogenic function, acute phase response, blood coagulation, and stress response. Experiments reported here demonstrate that 0.5 LD50 DFP intoxication leads to AChE inhibition, modulation of immunogenic function, and generation of stress at an early stage. Although, some proteins and their putative functional ramifications indicated similarity with those observed in our previous plasma proteome study, neurodegenerative changes were not observed in plasma of 0.5 LD50 DFP treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Chaubey
- Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior, MP, 474002, India
| | - Syed Imteyaz Alam
- Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior, MP, 474002, India.
| | - Chandra Kant Waghmare
- Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior, MP, 474002, India
| | - Lokendra Singh
- Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior, MP, 474002, India
| | - Nalini Srivastava
- School of Studies in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP, 474002, India
| | - Bijoy K Bhattacharya
- Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior, MP, 474002, India.
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19
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Mitochondrial Targeting in Neurodegeneration: A Heme Perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11030087. [PMID: 30231533 PMCID: PMC6161291 DOI: 10.3390/ph11030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has achieved an increasing interest in the field of neurodegeneration as a pathological hallmark for different disorders. The impact of mitochondria is related to a variety of mechanisms and several of them can co-exist in the same disease. The central role of mitochondria in neurodegenerative disorders has stimulated studies intended to implement therapeutic protocols based on the targeting of the distinct mitochondrial processes. The review summarizes the most relevant mechanisms by which mitochondria contribute to neurodegeneration, encompassing therapeutic approaches. Moreover, a new perspective is proposed based on the heme impact on neurodegeneration. The heme metabolism plays a central role in mitochondrial functions, and several evidences indicate that alterations of the heme metabolism are associated with neurodegenerative disorders. By reporting the body of knowledge on this topic, the review intends to stimulate future studies on the role of heme metabolism in neurodegeneration, envisioning innovative strategies in the struggle against neurodegenerative diseases.
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20
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Butterfield DA. Perspectives on Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease and Predictions of Future Research Emphases. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:S469-S479. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-179912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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21
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Shen L, Liao L, Chen C, Guo Y, Song D, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang K, Ying M, Li S, Liu Q, Ni J. Proteomics Analysis of Blood Serums from Alzheimer's Disease Patients Using iTRAQ Labeling Technology. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:361-378. [PMID: 27911324 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer' disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting up to 6% of the population over the age of 65. In order to discover differentially expressed proteins that might serve as potential biomarkers, the serums from AD patients and healthy controls were compared and analyzed using the proteomics approach of isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). For the first time, AD biomarkers in serums are investigated in the Han Chinese population using iTRAQ labeled proteomics strategy. Twenty-two differentially expressed proteins were identified and out of which nine proteins were further validated with more sample test. Another three proteins that have been reported in the literature to be potentially associated with AD were also investigated for alteration in expression level. Functions of those proteins were mainly related to the following processes: amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism, cholesterol transport, complement and coagulation cascades, immune response, inflammation, hemostasis, hyaluronan metabolism, and oxidative stress. These results support current views on the molecular mechanism of AD. For the first time, differential expression of zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (AZGP1), fibulin-1 (FBLN1), platelet basic protein (PPBP), thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8), and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) were detected in the serums of AD patients compared with healthy controls. These proteins might play a role in AD pathophysiology and serve as potential biomarkers for AD diagnosis. Specifically, our results strengthened the crucial role of Aβ metabolism and blood coagulation in AD pathogenesis and proteins related to these two processes may be used as peripheral blood biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Liping Liao
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, P.R. China
| | - Dalin Song
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Youjiao Chen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Kaoyuan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Ming Ying
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Shuiming Li
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Liu
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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22
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Zhu CJ, Jiang GX, Chen JM, Zhou ZM, Cheng Q. Serum haptoglobin in Chinese patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: A case-control study. Brain Res Bull 2018; 137:301-305. [PMID: 29325993 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum level of Haptoglobin (Hp) maybe associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between serum Hp and AD, as well as between Hp and MCI. METHODS Serum levels of Hp were measured and analyzed for 51 patients with AD, 139 patients with MCI and their healthy controls matched with sex and age. All study subjects were from a survey among residents aged 60 years and over in a community located in the southwest suburb of Shanghai. RESULTS Serum levels of Hp were observed significantly higher in AD and MCI cases than controls (both p < 0.0001). A significant positive correlation was found between Hp and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score (rs = 0.430, p = 0.007), as well as between Hp and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score (rs = 0.359, p = 0.027) in all AD patients. According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the optimal cut-off point for Hp was found to be 67.50 μg/ml (sensitivity, 0.902; specificity, 0.745) in AD patients, and 44.76 μg/ml (sensitivity, 0.986; specificity, 0.403) in MCI patients. CONCLUSION Elevated serum levels of Hp were observed in AD and MCI patients than controls. In addition, Hp may correlate with the severity of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen-Jing Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with the School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin No. 2 Road, Shanghai, 200025, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 Chong Qing Nan Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guo-Xin Jiang
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Jin-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 280 Mo He Road, Shanghai, 201999,China
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhou
- Sheshan Town Community Health Service Center in Shanghai, 11 Xi Lin Road, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with the School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin No. 2 Road, Shanghai, 200025, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 227 Chong Qing Nan Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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23
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Rosenfeld MA, Vasilyeva AD, Yurina LV, Bychkova AV. Oxidation of proteins: is it a programmed process? Free Radic Res 2017; 52:14-38. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1402305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Rosenfeld
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra D. Vasilyeva
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov V. Yurina
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Bychkova
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Zhao X, Han Q, Lv Y, Sun L, Gang X, Wang G. Biomarkers for cognitive decline in patients with diabetes mellitus: evidence from clinical studies. Oncotarget 2017; 9:7710-7726. [PMID: 29484146 PMCID: PMC5800938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is considered as an important factor for cognitive decline and dementia in recent years. However, cognitive impairment in diabetic patients is often underestimated and kept undiagnosed, leading to thousands of diabetic patients suffering from worsening memory. Available reviews in this field were limited and not comprehensive enough. Thus, the present review aimed to summarize all available clinical studies on diabetic patients with cognitive decline, and to find valuable biomarkers that might be applied as diagnostic and therapeutic targets of cognitive impairment in diabetes. The biomarkers or risk factors of cognitive decline in diabetic patients could be classified into the following three aspects: serum molecules or relevant complications, functional or metabolic changes by neuroimaging tools, and genetic variants. Specifically, factors related to poor glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, comorbid depression, micro-/macrovascular complications, adipokines, neurotrophic molecules and Tau protein presented significant changes in diabetic patients with cognitive decline. Besides, neuroimaging platform could provide more clues on the structural, functional and metabolic changes during the cognitive decline progression of diabetic patients. Genetic factors related to cognitive decline showed inconsistency based on the limited studies. Future studies might apply above biomarkers as diagnostic and treatment targets in a large population, and regulation of these parameters might shed light on a more valuable, sensitive and specific strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of cognitive decline in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing Han
- Hospital of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - You Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
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25
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Tindale LC, Leach S, Spinelli JJ, Brooks-Wilson AR. Lipid and Alzheimer's disease genes associated with healthy aging and longevity in healthy oldest-old. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20612-20621. [PMID: 28206976 PMCID: PMC5400530 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have found that long-lived individuals do not appear to carry lower numbers of common disease-associated variants than ordinary people; it has been hypothesized that they may instead carry protective variants. An intriguing type of protective variant is buffering variants that protect against variants that have deleterious effects. We genotyped 18 variants in 15 genes related to longevity or healthy aging that had been previously reported as having a gene-gene interaction or buffering effect. We compared a group of 446 healthy oldest-old ‘Super-Seniors’ (individuals 85 or older who have never been diagnosed with cancer, cardiovascular disease, dementia, diabetes or major pulmonary disease) to 421 random population-based midlife controls. Cases and controls were of European ancestry. Association tests of individual SNPs showed that Super-Seniors were less likely than controls to carry an APOEε4 allele or a haptoglobin HP2 allele. Interactions between APOE/FOXO3, APOE/CRYL1, and LPA/CRYL1 did not remain significant after multiple testing correction. In a network analysis of the candidate genes, lipid and cholesterol metabolism was a common theme. APOE, HP, and CRYL1 have all been associated with Alzheimer’s Disease, the pathology of which involves lipid and cholesterol pathways. Age-related changes in lipid and cholesterol maintenance, particularly in the brain, may be central to healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Tindale
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
| | - Stephen Leach
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - John J Spinelli
- Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Angela R Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
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26
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Zamanian-Azodi M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Nejadi N, Arefi Oskouie A, Zayeri F, Hamdieh M, Safaei A, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Ahmadzadeh A, Amouzandeh-Nobaveh A, Okhovatian F. Serum Proteomic Profiling of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Washing Subtype: A Preliminary Study. Basic Clin Neurosci 2017; 8:307-316. [PMID: 29158881 PMCID: PMC5683688 DOI: 10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.4.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disabling mental condition that its proteomic profiling is not yet investigated. Proteomics is a valuable tool to discover biomarker approaches. It can be helpful to detect protein expression changes in complex disorders such as OCD. Methods: Here, by the application of 2D gel electrophoresis (2DE), a pilot study of serum proteome profile of females with washing subtype of OCD was performed. Serum samples were obtained from females with washing subtype of OCD. Following the protein extraction from the serum with acetone perception, the samples were subjected to 2DE for separation based on pI and molecular weight (MW) with triple replications. Finally, the protein spots were visualized using Coomassie blue staining method and analyzed by Progenesis SameSpots software. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was handled by the application of Cytoscape software. Results: The results suggested that 41 matched spots demonstrated significant expression alterations among which 5 proteins including immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha-1 (IGHA1), apolipoprotein A-4 (APOA4), haptoglobin (HP), protein α-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1), and component 3 (C3) were identified by database query. Additionally, PPI network analysis indicated the central role of SERPINA1 and C3 in the network integrity. However, albumin (ALB), amyloid precursor protein (APP), and protein α-1-antitrypsin (APOA1) proteins were important in OCD PPI network as well. The identified proteins were related to 3 processes: acute-phase response, hydrogen peroxide catabolic process, and regulation of triglyceride metabolic process. Conclusion: It was concluded that these proteins may have a fundamental role in OCD pathogenesis. Moreover, the dysregulation of inflammatory and antioxidant systems in OCD risk was suggested by the current study. However, evaluation of bigger sample sizes and application of mass spectrometry are essential requirements to confirm this preliminary evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Zamanian-Azodi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Nejadi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Arefi Oskouie
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faird Zayeri
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hamdieh
- Taleghani Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Safaei
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Rezaei-Tavirani
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ahmadzadeh
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farshad Okhovatian
- Physiotherapy Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Liu Z, Feng D, Gu D, Zheng R, Esperat C, Gao W. Differentially expressed haptoglobin as a potential biomarker for type 2 diabetic mellitus in Hispanic population. Biofactors 2017; 43:424-433. [PMID: 28218436 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement is currently a primary tool for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially for the assessment of chronic hyperglycemia. However, many studies reported the limitation of using HbA1c for T2DM diagnosis/prognosis, such as poor sensitivities, difficult standardization, and variable cut points across ethnic groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discover novel biomarkers associated with elevated HbA1c levels as complementary T2DM diagnostic tools. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry were applied for protein profile analyses of two pooled serum samples collected from Hispanic T2DM subjects (n = 74) with HbA1c ≥7 and HbA1c< 7, respectively. Isoforms of haptoglobin (Hp) α1/α2 chains were significantly altered in pooled serum samples from T2DM subjects with HbA1c ≥7 compared to those with HbA1c< 7. Hp genotypes of 262 Hispanic subjects, including 109 T2DM and 153 nondiabetic controls, were further determined by PCRs and western blotting analysis. Meanwhile, a new droplet digital PCR method for Hp genotyping was also established. The distribution of Hp2 allele was higher in T2DM subjects compared to nondiabetic controls and the HbA1c levels of T2DM subjects carrying at least one Hp2 allele tended to be higher than T2DM subjects with Hp 1-1. In summary, our results indicate that differentially expressed serum Hp protein isoforms could be associated with HbA1c levels and subjects with Hp2 allele have a higher risk for the occurrence of T2DM in Hispanic population. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(3):424-433, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Du Feng
- School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Danshan Gu
- Huafang College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Richard Zheng
- Department of Biology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Christina Esperat
- School of Nursing, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Secreted proteins are important both as signaling molecules and potential biomarkers. Recent Advances: Protein can undergo different types of oxidation, both in physiological conditions or under oxidative stress. Several redox proteomics techniques have been successfully applied to the identification of glutathionylated proteins, an oxidative post-translational modification consisting in the formation of a mixed disulfide between a protein cysteine and glutathione. Redox proteomics has also been used to study other forms of protein oxidation. CRITICAL ISSUES Because of the highest proportion of free cysteines in the cytosol, redox proteomics of protein thiols has focused, so far, on intracellular proteins. However, plasma proteins, such as transthyretin and albumin, have been described as glutathionylated or cysteinylated. The present review discusses the redox state of protein cysteines in relation to their cellular distribution. We describe the various approaches used to detect secreted glutathionylated proteins, the only thiol modification studied so far in secreted proteins, and the specific problems presented in the study of the secretome. FUTURE DIRECTIONS This review focusses on glutathionylated proteins secreted under inflammatory conditions and that may act as soluble mediators (cytokines). Future studies on the redox secretome (including other forms of oxidation) might identify new soluble mediators and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 299-312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ghezzi
- 1 Brighton & Sussex Medical School , Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Chan
- 2 PISSARO Proteomic Platform, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen , Rouen, France
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29
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Pate KM, Murphy RM. Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins as Regulators of Beta-amyloid Aggregation and Toxicity. Isr J Chem 2017; 57:602-612. [PMID: 29129937 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid disorders, such as Alzheimer's, are almost invariably late-onset diseases. One defining diagnostic feature of Alzheimer's disease is the deposition of beta-amyloid as extracellular plaques, primarily in the hippocampus. This raises the question: are there natural protective agents that prevent beta-amyloid from depositing, and is it loss of this protection that leads to onset of disease? Proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been suggested to act as just such natural protective agents. Here, we describe some of the early evidence that led to this suggestion, and we discuss, in greater detail, two CSF proteins that have garnered the bulk of the attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Pate
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison WI 53706 (USA)
| | - Regina M Murphy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison WI 53706 (USA)
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30
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Feng C, Chen Y, Pan J, Yang A, Niu L, Min J, Meng X, Liao L, Zhang K, Shen L. Redox proteomic identification of carbonylated proteins in autism plasma: insight into oxidative stress and its related biomarkers in autism. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:2. [PMID: 28077936 PMCID: PMC5223466 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism is a severe childhood neurological disorder with poorly understood etiology and pathology. Currently, there is no authentic laboratory test to confirm the diagnosis of autism. Oxidative damage may play a central role in the pathogenesis of autism. Present study is an effort to search for possible biomarkers of autism and further clarify the molecular changes associated with oxidative stress that occurs in the plasma of autistic children. METHODS We performed redox proteomics analysis to compare carbonylated proteins in the plasma of autistic subjects and healthy controls. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis were used to validate carbonylated proteins identified by the redox proteomics. RESULTS Protein carbonylation levels in two proteins, complement component C8 alpha chain and Ig kappa chain C were found to be significantly increased in autistic patients compared with controls. These two proteins were successfully validated via immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS The results further highlight the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of autism and provide some information for the diagnosis and/or monitoring of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyun Feng
- Early Childhood Development Center, Populations and Family Planning Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen, 518101 People's Republic of China
| | - Youjiao Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Pan
- Early Childhood Development Center, Populations and Family Planning Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen, 518101 People's Republic of China
| | - Aochu Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Niu
- Early Childhood Development Center, Populations and Family Planning Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen, 518101 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Min
- Early Childhood Development Center, Populations and Family Planning Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen, 518101 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianling Meng
- Early Childhood Development Center, Populations and Family Planning Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen, 518101 People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Liao
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People's Republic of China
| | - Kaoyuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 People's Republic of China
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31
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Kurakin A, Bredesen DE. Dynamic self-guiding analysis of Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14092-122. [PMID: 26041885 PMCID: PMC4546454 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We applied a self-guiding evolutionary algorithm to initiate the synthesis of the Alzheimer's disease-related data and literature. A protein interaction network associated with amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and a seed model that treats Alzheimer's disease as progressive dysregulation of APP-associated signaling were used as dynamic “guides” and structural “filters” in the recursive search, analysis, and assimilation of data to drive the evolution of the seed model in size, detail, and complexity. Analysis of data and literature across sub-disciplines and system-scale discovery platforms suggests a key role of dynamic cytoskeletal connectivity in the stability, plasticity, and performance of multicellular networks and architectures. Chronic impairment and/or dysregulation of cell adhesions/synapses, cytoskeletal networks, and/or reversible epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transitions, which enable and mediate the stable and coherent yet dynamic and reconfigurable multicellular architectures, may lead to the emergence and persistence of the disordered, wound-like pockets/microenvironments of chronically disconnected cells. Such wound-like microenvironments support and are supported by pro-inflammatory, pro-secretion, de-differentiated cellular phenotypes with altered metabolism and signaling. The co-evolution of wound-like microenvironments and their inhabitants may lead to the selection and stabilization of degenerated cellular phenotypes, via acquisition of epigenetic modifications and mutations, which eventually result in degenerative disorders such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Kurakin
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dale E Bredesen
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
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32
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Di Domenico F, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. Redox Proteomics in Human Biofluids: Sample Preparation, Separation and Immunochemical Tagging for Analysis of Protein Oxidation. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1303:391-403. [PMID: 26235080 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2627-5_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics offers the simultaneous detection of a large number of proteins in a single experiment and can provide important information regarding crucial aspects of specific proteins, particularly post-translational modifications (PTMs). Investigations of oxidative PTMs are currently performed using focused redox proteomics techniques, which rely on gel electrophoresis separations of intact proteins with the final detection of oxidative PTMs being performed by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. The application of this technique to human biofluids is being subject of increasing investigation and is expected to provide new insights on the oxidative status of the peripheral proteome in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, towards purposes of early diagnosis and prognosis. This chapter describes all the experimental steps to perform redox proteomics analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma/serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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33
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Redox Proteomic Profiling of Specifically Carbonylated Proteins in the Serum of Triple Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:469. [PMID: 27077851 PMCID: PMC4848925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key event in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To investigate the role of oxidative stress in AD and to search for potential biomarkers in peripheral blood, serums were collected in this study from the 3-, 6-, and 12-month-old triple transgenic AD mice (3×Tg-AD mice) and the age- and sex-matched non-transgenic (non-Tg) littermates. The serum oxidized proteins were quantified by slot-blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate the total levels of serum protein carbonyl groups. Western blotting, in conjunction with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-Oxyblot), was employed to identify and quantify the specifically-carbonylated proteins in the serum of 3×Tg-AD mice. The results showed that the levels of serum protein carbonyls were increased in the three month old 3×Tg-AD mice compared with the non-Tg control mice, whereas no significant differences were observed in the six and 12 months old AD mice, suggesting that oxidative stress is an early event in AD progression. With the application of 2D-Oxyblot analysis, (immunoglobin) Ig gamma-2B chain C region (IGH-3), Ig lambda-2 chain C region (IGLC2), Ig kappa chain C region (IGKC), and Ig kappa chain V-V region HP R16.7 were identified as significantly oxidized proteins compared with the control. Among them IGH-3 and IGKC were validated via immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. Identification of oxidized proteins in the serums of 3×Tg-AD mice can not only reveal potential roles of those proteins in the pathogenesis of AD but also provide potential biomarkers of AD at the early stage.
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Minjarez B, Calderón-González KG, Rustarazo MLV, Herrera-Aguirre ME, Labra-Barrios ML, Rincon-Limas DE, Del Pino MMS, Mena R, Luna-Arias JP. Identification of proteins that are differentially expressed in brains with Alzheimer's disease using iTRAQ labeling and tandem mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 2016; 139:103-21. [PMID: 27012543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Alzheimer's disease is one of the leading causes of dementia in the elderly. It is considered the result of complex events involving both genetic and environmental factors. To gain further insights into this complexity, we quantitatively analyzed the proteome of cortex region of brains from patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, using a bottom-up proteomics approach. We identified 721 isobaric-tagged polypeptides. From this universe, 61 were found overexpressed and 69 subexpressed in three brains with Alzheimer's disease in comparison to a normal brain. We determined that the most affected processes involving the overexpressed polypeptides corresponded to ROS and stress responses. For the subexpressed polypeptides, the main processes affected were oxidative phosphorylation, organellar acidification and cytoskeleton. We used Drosophila to validate some of the hits, particularly those non-previously described as connected with the disease, such as Sideroflexin and Phosphoglucomutase-1. We manipulated their homolog genes in Drosophila models of Aβ- and Tau-induced pathology. We found proteins that can either modify Aβ toxicity, Tau toxicity or both, suggesting specific interactions with different pathways. This approach illustrates the potential of Drosophila to validate hits after MS studies and suggest that model organisms should be included in the pipeline to identify relevant targets for Alzheimer's disease. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE We report a set of differentially expressed proteins in three Alzheimer's disease brains in comparison to a normal brain. Our analyses allowed us to identify that the main affected pathways were ROS and stress responses, oxidative phosphorylation, organellar acidification and cytoskeleton. We validated some identified proteins using genetic models of Amyloid-β and Tau-induced pathology in Drosophila melanogaster. With this approach, Sideroflexin and Phosphoglucomutase-1 were identified as novel proteins connected with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Minjarez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Karla Grisel Calderón-González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Ma Luz Valero Rustarazo
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/Rambla del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, España.
| | - María Esther Herrera-Aguirre
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, México.
| | - María Luisa Labra-Barrios
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Diego E Rincon-Limas
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Manuel M Sánchez Del Pino
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, C/Rambla del Saler 16, 46012 Valencia, España.
| | - Raul Mena
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Pedro Luna-Arias
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, México.
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Chaubey K, Rao MK, Alam SI, Waghmare C, Bhattacharya BK. Increased expression of immune modulator proteins and decreased expression of apolipoprotein A-1 and haptoglobin in blood plasma of sarin exposed rats. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 246:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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36
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Spagnuolo MS, Mollica MP, Maresca B, Cavaliere G, Cefaliello C, Trinchese G, Scudiero R, Crispino M, Cigliano L. High Fat Diet and Inflammation - Modulation of Haptoglobin Level in Rat Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:479. [PMID: 26696835 PMCID: PMC4678199 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and dietary fats are well known risk factors for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The analysis of specific markers, whose brain level can be affected by diet, might contribute to unveil the intersection between inflammation/obesity and neurodegeneration. Haptoglobin (Hpt) is an acute phase protein, which acts as antioxidant by binding free haemoglobin (Hb), thus neutralizing its pro-oxidative action. We previously demonstrated that Hpt plays critical functions in brain, modulating cholesterol trafficking in neuroblastoma cell lines, beta-amyloid (Aβ) uptake by astrocyte, and limiting Aβ toxicity on these cells. A major aim of this study was to evaluate whether a long term (12 or 24 weeks) high-fat diet (HFD) influences Hpt and Hb expression in rat hippocampus. We also assessed the development of obesity-induced inflammation by measuring hippocampal level of TNF-alpha, and the extent of protein oxidation by titrating nitro-tyrosine (N-Tyr). Hpt concentration was lower (p < 0.001) in hippocampus of HFD rats than in control animals, both in the 12 and in the 24 weeks fed groups. HFD was also associated in hippocampus with the increase of Hb level (p < 0.01), inflammation and protein oxidative modification, as evidenced by the increase in the concentration of TNF-alpha and nitro-tyrosine. In fact, TNF-alpha concentration was higher in rats receiving HFD for 12 (p < 0.01) or 24 weeks (p < 0.001) compared to those receiving the control diet. N-Tyr concentration was more elevated in hippocampus of HFD than in control rats in both 12 weeks (p = 0.04) and 24 weeks groups (p = 0.01), and a positive correlation between Hb and N-Tyr concentration was found in each group. Finally, we found that the treatment of the human glioblastoma-astrocytoma cell line U-87 MG with cholesterol and fatty acids, such as palmitic and linoleic acid, significantly impairs (p < 0.001) Hpt secretion in the extracellular compartment. We hypothesize that the HFD-dependent decrease of Hpt in hippocampus, as associated with Hb increase, might enhance the oxidative stress induced by free Hb. Altogether our data, identifying Hpt as a molecule modulated in the brain by dietary fats, may represent one of the first steps in the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying the diet-related effects in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Spagnuolo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute for Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosaria Scudiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
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Di Domenico F, Pupo G, Mancuso C, Barone E, Paolini F, Arena A, Blarzino C, Schmitt FA, Head E, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M. Bach1 overexpression in Down syndrome correlates with the alteration of the HO-1/BVR-a system: insights for transition to Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 44:1107-20. [PMID: 25391381 DOI: 10.3233/jad-141254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bach1, among the genes encoded on chromosome 21, is a transcription repressor, which binds to antioxidant response elements of DNA thus inhibiting the transcription of specific genes involved in the cell stress response including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO-1 and its partner, biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A), are upregulated in response to oxidative stress in order to protect cells against further damage. Since oxidative stress is an early event in Down syndrome (DS) and might contribute to the development of multiple deleterious DS phenotypes, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, we investigated the status of the Bach1/HO-1/BVR-A axis in DS and its possible implications for the development of AD. In the present study, we showed increased total Bach1 protein levels in the brain of all DS cases coupled with reduced induction of brain HO-1. Furthermore, increased oxidative stress could, on one hand, overcome the inhibitory effects of Bach1 and, on the other hand, promote BVR-A impairment. Our data show that the development of AD in DS subjects is characterized by (i) increased Bach1 total and poly-ubiquitination; (ii) increased HO-1 protein levels; and (iii) increased nitration of BVR-A followed by reduced activity. To corroborate our findings, we analyzed Bach1, HO-1, and BVR-A status in the Ts65Dn mouse model at 3 (young) and 15 (old) months of age. The above data support the hypothesis that the dysregulation of HO-1/BVR-A system contributes to the early increase of oxidative stress in DS and provide potential mechanistic paths involved in the neurodegenerative process and AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Pupo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Mancuso
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Paolini
- Laboratory of Virology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Blarzino
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Centre of Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Centre of Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Sanders-Brown Centre of Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Cini C, Yip C, Attard C, Karlaftis V, Monagle P, Linden M, Ignjatovic V. Differences in the resting platelet proteome and platelet releasate between healthy children and adults. J Proteomics 2015; 123:78-88. [PMID: 25868662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Major age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in Australia and worldwide. In our recent study characterising differences in the plasma proteome between healthy children and adults, a large number of proteins differentially expressed with age were found to be of platelet origin. This study aimed to characterise differences in the resting platelet proteome and the platelet releasate of healthy children compared to healthy adults. This study represents the setup of a procedure for the proteomic analysis of platelets from children. Differentially expressed platelet proteins were identified using Two-dimensional Differential In-Gel Electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Significant differences in the expression of nine proteins (1.1%) in the resting platelet proteome were observed in children compared to adults. Serotransferrin, fibrinogen alpha chain, glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase, serum albumin, transgelin-2, calponin-2/LIM and SH3 domain protein 1 and human chorionic gonadotropin 2039797 were up-regulated, whereas thrombospondin-1 was down-regulated in children. Eleven proteins (1.5%) were differentially expressed in the platelet releasate of children compared to adults, where transferrin was also upregulated and TSP-1 was down regulated. Identified proteins are involved in processes including tissue and organ development, cell proliferation regulation and angiogenesis. Our results provide novel insights into platelet physiology as well as growth, development and ageing in healthy individuals. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The incidence of major diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer increase with increasing age and are the major causes of morbidity and mortality both in Australia and worldwide. As the aged population continues to increase dramatically, so too will the financial strains associated with the long term care of the elderly population. Compared to adults, children have a significantly lower incidence of major diseases such as thromboembolic disease. This suggests that children have a protective mechanism against the development of disease. Therefore, studies focussing on the molecular changes of proteins, the machinery of the cell, between children and adults are the key to determining the underlying mechanisms responsible for the onset of major diseases. A well-defined example of how protein expression can change with age is that of the plasma proteome. Significant differences in the expression of numerous plasma proteins between healthy children and adults have been recently demonstrated. Interestingly, a large number of differentially expressed proteins were found to be of platelet origin. This finding forms the basis for the current study, presenting as strong evidence for the age-specific differences of the platelet proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine Cini
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina Yip
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chantal Attard
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vasiliki Karlaftis
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Linden
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Guerrero-Berroa E, Ravona-Springer R, Heymann A, Schmeidler J, Levy A, Leroith D, Beeri MS. Haptoglobin genotype modulates the relationships of glycaemic control with cognitive function in elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2015; 58:736-44. [PMID: 25628235 PMCID: PMC4352385 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the association of glycaemic control with cognitive function is modulated by the haptoglobin 1-1 (Hp 1-1) genotype in cognitively normal elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we examined 793 participants who were genotyped for Hp (80 Hp 1-1 carriers and 713 Hp 1-1 non-carriers) enrolled in the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline (IDCD) study. Glycaemic control was operationally defined by HbA1c level. The outcome measures were performance in four cognitive domains (episodic memory, attention/working memory, language/semantic categorisation, executive function) and overall cognition, a composite of the domains. Effect sizes were obtained from hierarchical linear regression analyses for each outcome measure, controlling for demographics, type 2 diabetes-related characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and their interactions with Hp genotype. RESULTS Interaction analyses showed significantly stronger associations of HbA1c with poorer cognitive function among Hp 1-1 carriers than non-carriers; attention/working memory (p < 0.001) and overall cognition (p = 0.003). For these two cognitive domains, associations were significant for Hp 1-1 carriers despite the small sample size (p < 0.00001 and p = 0.001, respectively), but not for non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that patients with type 2 diabetes and poor glycaemic control carrying the Hp 1-1 genotype may be at increased risk of cognitive impairment, particularly in the attention/working memory domain. The association of glycaemic control with this domain may indicate cerebrovascular mechanisms.
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Jayasena T, Poljak A, Braidy N, Smythe G, Raftery M, Hill M, Brodaty H, Trollor J, Kochan N, Sachdev P. Upregulation of glycolytic enzymes, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased cytotoxicity in glial cells treated with Alzheimer's disease plasma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116092. [PMID: 25785936 PMCID: PMC4364672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Markers of increased protein, lipid and nucleic acid oxidation and reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes have been reported in AD plasma. Amyloid plaques in the AD brain elicit a range of reactive inflammatory responses including complement activation and acute phase reactions, which may also be reflected in plasma. Previous studies have shown that human AD plasma may be cytotoxic to cultured cells. We investigated the effect of pooled plasma (n = 20 each) from healthy controls, individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) on cultured microglial cells. AD plasma and was found to significantly decrease cell viability and increase glycolytic flux in microglia compared to plasma from healthy controls. This effect was prevented by the heat inactivation of complement. Proteomic methods and isobaric tags (iTRAQ) found the expression level of complement and other acute phase proteins to be altered in MCI and AD plasma and an upregulation of key enzymes involved in the glycolysis pathway in cells exposed to AD plasma. Altered expression levels of acute phase reactants in AD plasma may alter the energy metabolism of glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharusha Jayasena
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, MW Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, MW Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - George Smythe
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, MW Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Raftery
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, MW Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Hill
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, the Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicole Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, the Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, the Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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The Potential of Proteomics in Understanding Neurodegeneration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 121:25-58. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Haptoglobin (Hpg) is known to have several functional properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, it has been shown that the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), involves inflammation as well as oxidative stress. However, evidence suggesting an association between the serum Hpg level and AD is lacking. Therefore, we conducted this study in order to investigate whether serum Hpg is associated with AD. METHODS We compared the serum Hpg levels of 121 patients with newly diagnosed AD, 58 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 43 healthy controls. We also evaluated the relationship between the severity of cognitive impairment in patients with AD and the serum Hpg level. RESULTS The mean serum Hpg level of the patients with AD was significantly higher than that of the healthy controls (p=0.042), although it was not significant different from that observed in the PD group (p=0.613). We also found a significant positive association between the serum Hpg level and the severity of cognitive impairment, as measured using several neuropsychological tests, in the patients with AD. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of the patients with AD grouped according to the Hpg level was 2.417 (95% confidence interval=1.134-5.149). CONCLUSION We observed a significantly higher mean serum Hpg level among the patients with AD compared to the healthy controls. These results support the hypothesis that oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory reactions play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, South Korea
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Spagnuolo MS, Maresca B, La Marca V, Carrizzo A, Veronesi C, Cupidi C, Piccoli T, Maletta RG, Bruni AC, Abrescia P, Cigliano L. Haptoglobin interacts with apolipoprotein E and beta-amyloid and influences their crosstalk. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:837-47. [PMID: 25058565 DOI: 10.1021/cn500099f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-amyloid accumulation in brain is a driving force for Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) represents a critical player in beta-amyloid homeostasis, but its role in disease progression is controversial. We previously reported that the acute-phase protein haptoglobin binds ApoE and impairs its function in cholesterol homeostasis. The major aims of this study were to characterize the binding of haptoglobin to beta-amyloid, and to evaluate whether haptoglobin affects ApoE binding to beta-amyloid. Haptoglobin is here reported to form a complex with beta-amyloid as shown by immunoblotting experiments with purified proteins, or by its immunoprecipitation in brain tissues from patients with Alzheimer's disease. The interaction between ApoE and beta-amyloid was previously shown to be crucial for limiting beta-amyloid neurotoxicity and for promoting its clearance. We demonstrate that haptoglobin, rather than impairing ApoE binding to beta-amyloid, promotes to a different extent the formation of the complex between beta-amyloid and ApoE2 or ApoE3 or ApoE4. Our data suggest that haptoglobin and ApoE functions in brain should be evaluated taking into account their mutual interaction with beta-amyloid. Hence, the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease might not only be linked to the different ApoE isoforms, but also rely on the level of critical ligands, such as haptoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernardetta Maresca
- Dipartimento
di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone
8, 80134 Napoli, Italia
| | - Valeria La Marca
- Dipartimento
di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone
8, 80134 Napoli, Italia
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- I.R.C.C.S Neuromed,
Unità di Fisiopatologia Vascolare, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italia
| | - Carlo Veronesi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biomediche e Chirurgico Specialistiche, Sezione di Fisiologia
Umana, Università di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44100 Ferrara, Italia
| | - Chiara Cupidi
- Centro Regionale
di Neurogenetica, via Perugini, ASP
Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italia
| | - Tommaso Piccoli
- Dipartimento
di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNeC), Università di Palermo, via del Vespro, 90127 Palermo, Italia
| | | | - Amalia Cecilia Bruni
- Centro Regionale
di Neurogenetica, via Perugini, ASP
Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italia
| | - Paolo Abrescia
- Dipartimento
di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone
8, 80134 Napoli, Italia
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Dipartimento
di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone
8, 80134 Napoli, Italia
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Butterfield DA. The 2013 SFRBM discovery award: selected discoveries from the butterfield laboratory of oxidative stress and its sequela in brain in cognitive disorders exemplified by Alzheimer disease and chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:157-74. [PMID: 24996204 PMCID: PMC4146642 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective review on discoveries of the roles of oxidative stress in brain of subjects with Alzheimer disease (AD) and animal models thereof as well as brain from animal models of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) results from the author receiving the 2013 Discovery Award from the Society for Free Radical Biology and Medicine. The paper reviews our laboratory's discovery of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in AD brain regions rich in amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) but not in Aβ-poor cerebellum; redox proteomics as a means to identify oxidatively modified brain proteins in AD and its earlier forms that are consistent with the pathology, biochemistry, and clinical presentation of these disorders; how Aβ in in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies can lead to oxidative modification of key proteins that also are oxidatively modified in AD brain; the role of the single methionine residue of Aβ(1-42) in these processes; and some of the potential mechanisms in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. CICI affects a significant fraction of the 14 million American cancer survivors, and due to diminished cognitive function, reduced quality of life of the persons with CICI (called "chemobrain" by patients) often results. A proposed mechanism for CICI employed the prototypical ROS-generating and non-blood brain barrier (BBB)-penetrating chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox, also called adriamycin, ADR). Because of the quinone moiety within the structure of Dox, this agent undergoes redox cycling to produce superoxide free radical peripherally. This, in turn, leads to oxidative modification of the key plasma protein, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1). Oxidized ApoA1 leads to elevated peripheral TNFα, a proinflammatory cytokine that crosses the BBB to induce oxidative stress in brain parenchyma that affects negatively brain mitochondria. This subsequently leads to apoptotic cell death resulting in CICI. This review outlines aspects of CICI consistent with the clinical presentation, biochemistry, and pathology of this disorder. To the author's knowledge this is the only plausible and self-consistent mechanism to explain CICI. These two different disorders of the CNS affect millions of persons worldwide. Both AD and CICI share free radical-mediated oxidative stress in brain, but the source of oxidative stress is not the same. Continued research is necessary to better understand both AD and CICI. The discoveries about these disorders from the Butterfield Laboratory that led to the 2013 Discovery Award from the Society of Free Radical and Medicine provide a significant foundation from which this future research can be launched.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Free Radical Biology in Cancer, Shared Resource Facility of the Markey Cancer Center, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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Oxidative Stress and Proteostasis Network: Culprit and Casualty of Alzheimer’s-Like Neurodegeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/527518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Free radical-mediated damage to proteins is particularly important in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, because in the majority of cases it is a non-reversible phenomenon that requires clearance systems for removal. Major consequences of protein oxidation are loss of protein function and the formation of large protein aggregates, which are often toxic to cells if allowed to accumulate. Deposition of aggregated, misfolded, and oxidized proteins may also result from the impairment of protein quality control (PQC) system, including protein unfolded response, proteasome, and autophagy. Perturbations of such components of the proteostasis network that provides a critical protective role against stress conditions are emerging as relevant factor in triggering neuronal death. In this outlook paper, we discuss the role of protein oxidation as a major contributing factor for the impairment of the PQC regulating protein folding, surveillance, and degradation. Recent studies from our group and from others aim to better understand the link between Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology. We propose oxidative stress and alteration of proteostasis network as a possible unifying mechanism triggering neurodegeneration.
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Butterfield DA, Gu L, Di Domenico F, Robinson RAS. Mass spectrometry and redox proteomics: applications in disease. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:277-301. [PMID: 24930952 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics techniques are continuously being developed to further understanding of biology and disease. Many of the pathways that are relevant to disease mechanisms rely on the identification of post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and glycosylation. Much attention has also been focused on oxidative PTMs which include protein carbonyls, protein nitration, and the incorporation of fatty acids and advanced glycation products to amino acid side chains, amongst others. The introduction of these PTMs in the cell can occur due to the attack of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) on proteins. ROS and RNS can be present as a result of normal metabolic processes as well as external factors such as UV radiation, disease, and environmental toxins. The imbalance of ROS and RNS with antioxidant cellular defenses leads to a state of oxidative stress, which has been implicated in many diseases. Redox proteomics techniques have been used to characterize oxidative PTMs that result as a part of normal cell signaling processes as well as oxidative stress conditions. This review highlights many of the redox proteomics techniques which are currently available for several oxidative PTMs and brings to the reader's attention the application of redox proteomics for understanding disease pathogenesis in neurodegenerative disorders and others such as cancer, kidney, and heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40506
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Thambisetty M, Ferrucci L. Soluble interleukin-6 receptor levels and risk of dementia: one more signpost on a long road ahead. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:772-4. [PMID: 24731027 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Thambisetty
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Hwang JH, Lee KS, Joo JK, Wang T, Son JB, Park JH, Hwang DY, Choi MH, Lee HG. Identification of biomarkers for endometriosis in plasma from patients with endometriosis using a proteomics approach. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:725-30. [PMID: 24889313 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of endometriosis. A plasma-based proteomic approach, including 2-dimentional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, was used. Samples were obtained from patients with (n=15) and without (n=15) endometriosis, or from mice with surgically induced endometriosis. Seven spots corresponding to six differentially expressed proteins were identified in the human plasma samples. However, only haptoglobin (Hp) was identified to be significantly decreased in the plasma levels of patients with endometriosis (P<0.05) and in mice with surgically induced endometriosis (P<0.05). The results demonstrated that Hp was downregulated in females with endometriosis, and it therefore, may be a useful diagnostic tool as a biomarker of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Hwang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Sup Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-770, South Korea
| | - Jong-Kil Joo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-770, South Korea
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, South Korea
| | - Jung-Bin Son
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-770, South Korea
| | - Jong-Ha Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 626-770, South Korea
| | - Dae-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterial Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, South Korea
| | - Man-Ho Choi
- Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143‑701, South Korea
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Hypochlorite-induced structural modifications enhance the chaperone activity of human α2-macroglobulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E2081-90. [PMID: 24799681 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1403379111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypochlorite, an oxidant generated in vivo by the innate immune system, kills invading pathogens largely by inducing the misfolding of microbial proteins. Concomitantly, the nonspecific activity of hypochlorite also damages host proteins, and the accumulation of damaged (misfolded) proteins is implicated in the pathology of a variety of debilitating human disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and arthritis). It is well-known that cells respond to oxidative stress by up-regulating proteostasis machinery, but the direct activation of mammalian chaperones by hypochlorite has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported. In this study, we show that hypochlorite-induced modifications of human α2-macroglobulin (α2M) markedly increase its chaperone activity by generating species, particularly dimers formed by dissociation of the native tetramer, which have enhanced surface hydrophobicity. Moreover, dimeric α2M is generated in whole-blood plasma in the presence of physiologically relevant amounts of hypochlorite. The chaperone activity of hypochlorite-modified α2M involves the formation of stable soluble complexes with misfolded client proteins, including heat-denatured enzymes, oxidized fibrinogen, oxidized LDL, and native or oxidized amyloid β-peptide (Aβ1-42). Here, we show that hypochlorite-modified α2M delivers its misfolded cargo to lipoprotein receptors on macrophages and reduces Aβ1-42 neurotoxicity. Our results support the conclusion that α2M is a specialized chaperone that prevents the extracellular accumulation of misfolded and potentially pathogenic proteins, particularly during innate immune system activity.
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Fedorova M, Bollineni RC, Hoffmann R. Protein carbonylation as a major hallmark of oxidative damage: update of analytical strategies. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:79-97. [PMID: 23832618 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein carbonylation, one of the most harmful irreversible oxidative protein modifications, is considered as a major hallmark of oxidative stress-related disorders. Protein carbonyl measurements are often performed to assess the extent of oxidative stress in the context of cellular damage, aging and several age-related disorders. A wide variety of analytical techniques are available to detect and quantify protein-bound carbonyls generated by metal-catalyzed oxidation, lipid peroxidation or glycation/glycoxidation. Here we review current analytical approaches for protein carbonyl detection with a special focus on mass spectrometry-based techniques. The utility of several carbonyl-derivatization reagents, enrichment protocols and especially advanced mass spectrometry techniques are compared and discussed in detail. Furthermore, the mechanisms and biology of protein carbonylation are summarized based on recent high-throughput proteomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
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