1
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Khatun H, Yamanaka KI, Sugimura S. Antioxidant sericin averts the disruption of oocyte-follicular cell communication triggered by oxidative stress. Mol Hum Reprod 2024; 30:gaae001. [PMID: 38244573 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are free radical scavengers that increase oocyte quality and improve female fertility by suppressing oxidative stress. However, the related mechanisms remain unclear. The present study was designed to examine whether a reduction of oxidative stress from using the antioxidant sericin led to expanded cumulus cell (CC)-oocyte communication and oocyte developmental acquisition in a bovine model. We found that cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) matured in the presence of sericin showed a significantly increased oocyte meiotic maturation rate (P < 0.01) and accelerated subsequent blastocyst formation, as more blastocysts were found at the hatched stage (P < 0.05) compared to that in the control group. In contrast to the control group, sericin suppressed H2O2 levels in COCs, resulting in a markedly enhanced CC-oocyte gap junction communication index and number of transzonal projections, which were preserved until 18 h of oocyte maturation. These findings indicate that sericin reduces disruption of oocyte-follicular cell communication induced by oxidative stress. Sericin consistently increased intra-oocyte glutathione (GSH) levels and reduced oocyte H2O2 levels (P < 0.05), both of which were ablated when GSH synthesis was inhibited by buthionine sulfoximide (an inhibitor of GSH synthesis). Furthermore, the inhibition of GSH synthesis counteracted the positive effects of sericin on subsequent embryo developmental competence (P < 0.01). Intra-oocyte GSH levels were positively associated with blastocyst development and quality. These outcomes demonstrate new perspectives for the improvement of oocyte quality in assisted reproductive technology and may contribute to developing treatment strategies for infertility and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Khatun
- Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sugimura
- Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Wang X, Wang L, Xiang W. Mechanisms of ovarian aging in women: a review. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:67. [PMID: 37024976 PMCID: PMC10080932 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian aging is a natural and physiological aging process characterized by loss of quantity and quality of oocyte or follicular pool. As it is generally accepted that women are born with a finite follicle pool that will go through constant decline without renewing, which, together with decreased oocyte quality, makes a severe situation for women who is of advanced age but desperate for a healthy baby. The aim of our review was to investigate mechanisms leading to ovarian aging by discussing both extra- and intra- ovarian factors and to identify genetic characteristics of ovarian aging. The mechanisms were identified as both extra-ovarian alternation of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and intra-ovarian alternation of ovary itself, including telomere, mitochondria, oxidative stress, DNA damage, protein homeostasis, aneuploidy, apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, here we reviewed related Genome-wide association studies (GWAS studies) from 2009 to 2021 and next generation sequencing (NGS) studies of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in order to describe genetic characteristics of ovarian aging. It is reasonable to wish more reliable anti-aging interventions for ovarian aging as the exploration of mechanisms and genetics being progressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Wang
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lingjuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenpei Xiang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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3
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Treatment of Inactive Ovaries of Holstein Dairy Cows by Epidural Injection of GnRH Analogue (Receptal) and Its Impact on the Reproductive Hormones, Oxidant/Antioxidant Profile and Micro and Macro-Elements Profile. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040653. [PMID: 36830440 PMCID: PMC9951676 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate a new therapeutic approach for inactive ovaries based on the epidural administration of a GnRH agonist (Receptal) and an investigation of the impact of this treatment on the hormonal, oxidant/antioxidant and micro- and macro-element profiles. Sixty cows with postpartum anestrus were divided into two groups: the first group (group Repid, n = 30) was administered an epidural injection of Receptal, while the second group (group Cepid, n = 30) received saline and was considered the control group. Evaluation of hormonal (progesterone, FSH, LH, testosterone, and cortisol), oxidant/antioxidant (MDA, SOD, GPx and TAC) as well as micro- and macroelement (calcium, phosphorus, manganese and magnesium) profiles was done in serum. The results showed that the epidural injection of Receptal has the potential to induce estrus response and conception incidence in treated cows. Compared to the control group, progesterone, FSH, and LH concentrations were significantly increased in the treated group, whereas testosterone and cortisol decreased (p < 0.05) following treatment. In addition, the treated group had greater TAC and GPx concentrations than the control group. Serum concentrations of magnesium increased (p < 0.05) following receptal treatment, but differences in other minerals were not detected. This research suggests a novel, effective method of treating inactive ovaries with epidural infusion of a GnRH agonist.
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Tomaiuolo G, Fellico F, Preziosi V, Guido S. Semen rheology and its relation to male infertility. Interface Focus 2022; 12:20220048. [PMID: 36330323 PMCID: PMC9560795 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2022.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects 15% of couples of reproductive age worldwide. In spite of many advances in understanding and treating male infertility, there is still a number of issues that need further investigation and translation to the clinic. Here, we review the current knowledge and practice concerning semen rheology and its relation with pathological states affecting male infertility. Although it is well recognized that altered rheological properties of semen can impair normal sperm movement in the female reproductive tract, routine semen analysis is mostly focused on number, motility and morphology of spermatozoa, and includes only an approximate, operator-dependent measure of semen viscosity. The latter is based on the possible formation of a liquid thread from a pipette where a semen sample has been aspirated, a method that is sensitive not only to viscosity but also to elongational properties and surface tension of semen. The formation of a liquid thread is usually associated with a gel-like consistency of the sample and changes in spermatozoa motility in such a complex medium are still to be fully elucidated. The aim of this review is to point out that a more quantitative and reliable characterization of semen rheology is in order to improve the current methods of semen analysis and to develop additional tools for the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Tomaiuolo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Fellico
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valentina Preziosi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Guido
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
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5
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Taylor E, Kim Y, Zhang K, Chau L, Nguyen BC, Rayalam S, Wang X. Antiaging Mechanism of Natural Compounds: Effects on Autophagy and Oxidative Stress. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144396. [PMID: 35889266 PMCID: PMC9322024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological process that manifests as the progressive loss of function in cells, tissues, and organs. Because mechanisms that are meant to promote cellular longevity tend to decrease in effectiveness with age, it is no surprise that aging presents as a major risk factor for many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and diabetes. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between the intracellular antioxidant and overproduction of reactive oxygen species, is known to promote the aging process. Autophagy, a major pathway for protein turnover, is considered as one of the hallmarks of aging. Given the progressive physiologic degeneration and increased risk for disease that accompanies aging, many studies have attempted to discover new compounds that may aid in the reversal of the aging process. Here, we summarize the antiaging mechanism of natural or naturally derived synthetic compounds involving oxidative stress and autophagy. These compounds include: 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) derivatives (synthetic triterpenoids derived from naturally occurring oleanolic acid), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, the active ingredient in honey bee propolis), xanthohumol (a prenylated flavonoid identified in the hops plant), guggulsterone (a plant steroid found in the resin of the guggul plant), resveratrol (a natural phenol abundantly found in grape), and sulforaphane (a sulfur-containing compound found in cruciferous vegetables).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Taylor
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA;
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA; (Y.K.); (K.Z.); (L.C.); (B.C.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Kaleb Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA; (Y.K.); (K.Z.); (L.C.); (B.C.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Lenne Chau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA; (Y.K.); (K.Z.); (L.C.); (B.C.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Bao Chieu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA; (Y.K.); (K.Z.); (L.C.); (B.C.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Srujana Rayalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA; (Y.K.); (K.Z.); (L.C.); (B.C.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA; (Y.K.); (K.Z.); (L.C.); (B.C.N.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology and Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030552. [PMID: 35159361 PMCID: PMC8833991 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous and exogenous processes; however, they are neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. An imbalance between the generation and neutralization of oxidants results in the progression to oxidative stress (OS), which in turn gives rise to various diseases, disorders and aging. The characteristics of aging include the progressive loss of function in tissues and organs. The theory of aging explains that age-related functional losses are due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their subsequent damages and tissue deformities. Moreover, the diseases and disorders caused by OS include cardiovascular diseases [CVDs], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. OS, induced by ROS, is neutralized by different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and prevents cells, tissues and organs from damage. However, prolonged OS decreases the content of antioxidant status of cells by reducing the activities of reductants and antioxidative enzymes and gives rise to different pathological conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to discuss the mechanism of ROS-induced OS signaling and their age-associated complications mediated through their toxic manifestations in order to devise effective preventive and curative natural therapeutic remedies.
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7
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Matsunaga T, Iske J, Schroeter A, Azuma H, Zhou H, Tullius SG. The potential of Senolytics in transplantation. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111582. [PMID: 34606875 PMCID: PMC10655132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Older organs provide a substantial unrealized potential with the capacity to close the gap between demand and supply in organ transplantation. The potential of senolytics in improving age-related conditions has been shown in various experimental studies and early clinical trials. Those encouraging data may also be of relevance for transplantation. As age-differences between donor and recipients are not uncommon, aging may be accelerated in recipients when transplanting older organs; young organs may, at least in theory, have the potential to 'rejuvenate' old recipients. Here, we review the relevance of senescent cells and the effects of senolytics on organ quality, alloimmune responses and outcomes in solid organ transplantation. This article is part of the Special Issue - Senolytics - Edited by Joao Passos and Diana Jurk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Matsunaga
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jasper Iske
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Andreas Schroeter
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hao Zhou
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Yong W, Ma H, Na M, Gao T, Zhang Y, Hao L, Yu H, Yang H, Deng X. Roles of melatonin in the field of reproductive medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112001. [PMID: 34624677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, mostly released by the pineal gland, is a circadian rhythm-regulated and multifunctional hormone. Great advances in melatonin research have been made, including its role in rhythms of the sleep-wake cycle, retardation of ageing processes, as well as antioxidant or anti-inflammatory functions. Melatonin can scavenge free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), a key factor in reproductive functions. Melatonin plays an important role in oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryonic development as well. The concurrent use of melatonin increases the number of mature oocytes, the fertilization rate, and number of high-quality embryos, which improves the clinical outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART). This review discusses the relationship between melatonin and human reproductive function, and potential clinical applications of melatonin in the field of reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yong
- Center Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, 110032, China; Department of Pharmacology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, CMU, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Haiying Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, CMU, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Man Na
- Center Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, 110032, China; Department of Pharmacology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, CMU, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Teng Gao
- Center Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, 110032, China; Department of Pharmacology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, CMU, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Center Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, 110032, China; Department of Pharmacology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, CMU, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Liying Hao
- Institute of Medical Toxicology, College of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Biophysics, CMU, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Huazhe Yang
- Department of Biophysics, CMU, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Center Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, 110032, China.
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9
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Abstract
Aging has provided fruitful challenges for evolutionary theory, and evolutionary theory has deepened our understanding of aging. A great deal of genetic and molecular data now exists concerning mortality regulation and there is a growing body of knowledge concerning the life histories of diverse species. Assimilating all relevant data into a framework for the evolution of aging promises to significantly advance the field. We propose extensions of some key concepts to provide greater precision when applying these concepts to age-structured contexts. Secondary or byproduct effects of mutations are proposed as an important factor affecting survival patterns, including effects that may operate in small populations subject to genetic drift, widening the possibilities for mutation accumulation and pleiotropy. Molecular and genetic studies have indicated a diverse array of mechanisms that can modify aging and mortality rates, while transcriptome data indicate a high level of tissue and species specificity for genes affected by aging. The diversity of mechanisms and gene effects that can contribute to the pattern of aging in different organisms may mirror the complex evolutionary processes behind aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Frankel
- Biology Department, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Blanka Rogina
- Genetics and Genome Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
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10
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Lu Z, Xu Y, Song Y, Bíró I, Gu Y. A Mixed Comparisons of Different Intensities and Types of Physical Exercise in Patients With Diseases Related to Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:700055. [PMID: 34421637 PMCID: PMC8375596 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.700055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance of oxidative and antioxidant systems is of great importance to the human body. Physical exercise, as one of the ways to improve physical health, seems to modulate this balance. However, different intensities and types of physical exercise have other effects on the treatment of unhealthy people. To understand the impact of exercise training on the oxidative and antioxidant systems of adults with oxidative stress-related disorders, a network meta-analysis was used to compare the mixed effects of different intensities and types of exercise training. This systematic review included all eligible RCTs from PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Eleven of the studies met the inclusion criteria (at study completion, n = 666 participants). Seven studies reported that the level of MDA decreased significantly after exercise (p < 0.05), and 3 studies reported that the level of SOD increased significantly after exercise (p < 0.05). In conclusion, long-term high-intensity aerobic training and Tai Chi or Yoga can effectively improve oxidative stress in unhealthy people. In addition, different types of diseases on the effect of exercise intervention seems to be other, diabetes and chronic kidney patients using moderate-intensity aerobic training or Tai chi and Yoga effect are better; Moderate-intensity aerobic training had a better impact on OS improvement in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and severe depression. However, more research is needed to determine the effects of different levels and types of physical activity on oxidative stress in unhealthy populations. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO identifier: CRD42021242025. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Lu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yining Xu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Song
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Doctoral School on Safety and Security Sciences, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Bíró
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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11
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Wishart TFL, Flokis M, Shu DY, Das SJ, Lovicu FJ. Hallmarks of lens aging and cataractogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108709. [PMID: 34339681 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lens homeostasis and transparency are dependent on the function and intercellular communication of its epithelia. While the lens epithelium is uniquely equipped with functional repair systems to withstand reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative insult, ROS are not necessarily detrimental to lens cells. Lens aging, and the onset of pathogenesis leading to cataract share an underlying theme; a progressive breakdown of oxidative stress repair systems driving a pro-oxidant shift in the intracellular environment, with cumulative ROS-induced damage to lens cell biomolecules leading to cellular dysfunction and pathology. Here we provide an overview of our current understanding of the sources and essential functions of lens ROS, antioxidative defenses, and changes in the major regulatory systems that serve to maintain the finely tuned balance of oxidative signaling vs. oxidative stress in lens cells. Age-related breakdown of these redox homeostasis systems in the lens leads to the onset of cataractogenesis. We propose eight candidate hallmarks that represent common denominators of aging and cataractogenesis in the mammalian lens: oxidative stress, altered cell signaling, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated ion homeostasis, cell senescence, genomic instability and intrinsic apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Flokis
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daisy Y Shu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shannon J Das
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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12
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Sahm A, Platzer M, Koch P, Henning Y, Bens M, Groth M, Burda H, Begall S, Ting S, Goetz M, Van Daele P, Staniszewska M, Klose JM, Costa PF, Hoffmann S, Szafranski K, Dammann P. Increased longevity due to sexual activity in mole-rats is associated with transcriptional changes in the HPA stress axis. eLife 2021; 10:57843. [PMID: 33724179 PMCID: PMC8012063 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual activity and/or reproduction are associated with a doubling of life expectancy in the long-lived rodent genus Fukomys. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we analyzed 636 RNA-seq samples across 15 tissues. This analysis suggests that changes in the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal stress axis play a key role regarding the extended life expectancy of reproductive vs. non-reproductive mole-rats. This is substantiated by a corpus of independent evidence. In accordance with previous studies, the up-regulation of the proteasome and so-called ‘anti-aging molecules’, for example, dehydroepiandrosterone, is linked with enhanced lifespan. On the other hand, several of our results are not consistent with knowledge about aging of short-lived model organisms. For example, we found the up-regulation of the insulin-like growth factor 1/growth hormone axis and several other anabolic processes to be compatible with a considerable lifespan prolongation. These contradictions question the extent to which findings from short-lived species can be transferred to longer-lived ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Sahm
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Platzer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- Core Facility Life Science Computing, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Yoshiyuki Henning
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Bens
- Core Facility Sequencing, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Core Facility Sequencing, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Hynek Burda
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Begall
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Moritz Goetz
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Paul Van Daele
- Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mona Klose
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pedro Fragoso Costa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Karol Szafranski
- Core Facility Life Science Computing, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Philip Dammann
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Central Animal Laboratory, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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13
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Yang L, Chen Y, Liu Y, Xing Y, Miao C, Zhao Y, Chang X, Zhang Q. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants in Ovarian Aging. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:617843. [PMID: 33569007 PMCID: PMC7869110 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.617843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovarian system comprises vital organs in females and is of great significance for the maintenance of reproductive potential and endocrine stability. Although complex pathogenesis undoubtedly contributes to ovarian aging, increasing attention is being paid to the extensive influence of oxidative stress. However, the role of oxidative stress in ovarian aging is yet to be fully elucidated. Exploring oxidative stress-related processes might be a promising strategy against ovarian aging. In this review, compelling evidence is shown that oxidative stress plays a role in the etiology of ovarian aging and promotes the development of other ovarian aging-related etiologies, including telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and inflammation. In addition, some natural antioxidants such as quercetin, resveratrol, and curcumin have a protective role in the ovaries through multiple mechanisms. These findings raise the prospect of oxidative stress modulator-natural antioxidants as therapeutic interventions for delaying ovarian aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Yang
- Guangxing Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Guangxing Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The 2nd Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyun Miao
- Guangxing Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Guangxing Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Guangxing Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress in moderation positively affects homeostasis through signaling, while in excess it is associated with adverse health outcomes. Both activities are generally attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS); hydrogen peroxide as the signal, and cysteines on regulatory proteins as the target. However, using antioxidants to affect signaling or benefit health has not consistently translated into expected outcomes, or when it does, the mechanism is often unclear. Recent Advances: Reactive sulfur species (RSS) were integral in the origin of life and throughout much of evolution. Sophisticated metabolic pathways that evolved to regulate RSS were easily "tweaked" to deal with ROS due to the remarkable similarities between the two. However, unlike ROS, RSS are stored, recycled, and chemically more versatile. Despite these observations, the relevance and regulatory functions of RSS in extant organisms are generally underappreciated. Critical Issues: A number of factors bias observations in favor of ROS over RSS. Research conducted in room air is hyperoxic to cells, and promotes ROS production and RSS oxidation. Metabolic rates of rodent models greatly exceed those of humans; does this favor ROS? Analytical methods designed to detect ROS also respond to RSS. Do these disguise the contributions of RSS? Future Directions: Resolving the ROS/RSS issue is vital to understand biology in general and human health in particular. Improvements in experimental design and analytical methods are crucial. Perhaps the most important is an appreciation of all the attributes of RSS and keeping an open mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Department of Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, Indiana, USA
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15
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Wati SM, Matsumaru D, Motohashi H. NRF2 pathway activation by KEAP1 inhibition attenuates the manifestation of aging phenotypes in salivary glands. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101603. [PMID: 32590331 PMCID: PMC7322188 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva plays an essential role in the maintenance of oral health. The oral cavity environment changes during aging mainly due to alterations in the secretion and composition of saliva. In particular, unstimulated basal salivary flow decreases with age. The functional decline of the salivary glands impairs chewing and swallowing abilities and often becomes one of the predispositions for aging-related disorders, including aspiration pneumonia. The KEAP1-NRF2 system plays a central role in the regulation of the oxidative stress response. NRF2 is a transcription factor that coordinately regulates cytoprotective genes, and KEAP1 is a negative regulator of NRF2. Although NRF2 activation has been suggested to be advantageous for the prevention of aging-related diseases, its role in the course of physiological aging is not well understood. To investigate the impact of NRF2 activation on salivary gland aging, we compared the submandibular glands of Keap1-knockdown (KD) (Keap1FA/FA) mice in which NRF2 is activated with those of wild-type mice. Young mice did not show any apparent differences between the two genotypes, whereas in old mice, clear differences were observed. Aged wild-type submandibular glands exhibited iron and collagen depositions, immune cell infiltration and increased DNA damage and apoptosis accompanied by elevated oxidative stress, which were all markedly attenuated in Keap1-KD mice, suggesting that NRF2 activation has antiaging effects on salivary glands. We propose that appropriate activation of NRF2 is effective for the maintenance of healthy salivary gland conditions and for the prevention of hyposalivation in the elderly. NRF2 pathway activities are similar in young and old submandibular glands. Keap1 knockdown increases NRF2 pathway activities in submandibular glands. NRF2 activation attenuates oxidative stress increase in old submandibular glands. NRF2 activation attenuates aging phenotypes in old submandibular glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisca Meida Wati
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsumaru
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan.
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16
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Olson KR. Reactive oxygen species or reactive sulfur species: why we should consider the latter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/4/jeb196352. [PMID: 32102833 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.196352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of oxidants, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS), include signaling functions (oxidative eustress), initiation of measures to reduce elevated ROS (oxidative stress), and a cascade of pathophysiological events that accompany excessive ROS (oxidative distress). Although these effects have long been studied in animal models with perturbed ROS, their actions under physiological conditions are less clear. I propose that some of the apparent uncertainty may be due to confusion of ROS with endogenously generated reactive sulfur species (RSS). ROS and RSS are chemically similar, but RSS are more reactive and versatile, and can be stored and reused. Both ROS and RSS signal via oxidation reactions with protein cysteine sulfur and they produce identical effector responses, but RSS appear to be more effective. RSS in the form of persulfidated cysteines (Cys-S-S) are produced endogenously and co-translationally introduced into proteins, and there is increasing evidence that many cellular proteins are persulfidated. A number of practical factors have contributed to confusion between ROS and RSS, and these are discussed herein. Furthermore, essentially all endogenous antioxidant enzymes appeared shortly after life began, some 3.8 billion years ago, when RSS metabolism dominated evolution. This was long before the rise in ROS, 600 million years ago, and I propose that these same enzymes, with only minor modifications, still effectively metabolize RSS in extant organisms. I am not suggesting that all ROS are RSS; however, I believe that the relative importance of ROS and RSS in biological systems needs further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, Raclin Carmichael Hall, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
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17
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Implications of Oxidative Stress and Cellular Senescence in Age-Related Thymus Involution. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7986071. [PMID: 32089780 PMCID: PMC7025075 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7986071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human thymus is a primary lymphoepithelial organ which supports the production of self-tolerant T cells with competent and regulatory functions. Paradoxically, despite the crucial role that it exerts in T cell-mediated immunity and prevention of systemic autoimmunity, the thymus is the first organ of the body that exhibits age-associated degeneration/regression, termed “thymic involution.” A hallmark of this early phenomenon is a progressive decline of thymic mass as well as a decreased output of naïve T cells, thus resulting in impaired immune response. Importantly, thymic involution has been recently linked with cellular senescence which is a stress response induced by various stimuli. Accumulation of senescent cells in tissues has been implicated in aging and a plethora of age-related diseases. In addition, several lines of evidence indicate that oxidative stress, a well-established trigger of senescence, is also involved in thymic involution, thus highlighting a possible interplay between oxidative stress, senescence, and thymic involution.
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18
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Bhattacharya A, Pulliam D, Liu Y, Salmon AB. Mitochondrial-targeted methionine sulfoxide reductase overexpression increases the production of oxidative stress in mitochondria from skeletal muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:45-51. [PMID: 33829213 PMCID: PMC8023689 DOI: 10.31491/apt.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Mitochondrial dysfunction comprises part of the etiology of myriad health issues, particularly those that occur with advancing age. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is a ubiquitous protein oxidation repair enzyme that specifically and catalytically reduces a specific epimer of oxidized methionine: methionine sulfoxide. In this study, we tested the ways in which mitochondrial bioenergetic functions are affected by increasing MsrA expression in different cellular compartments. Methods: In this study, we tested the function of isolated mitochondria, including free radical generation, ATP production, and respiration, from the skeletal muscle of two lines of transgenic mice with increased MsrA expression: mitochondria-targeted MsrA overexpression or cytosol-targeted MsrA overexpression. Results: Surprisingly, in the samples from mice with mitochondrial-targeted MsrA overexpression, we found dramatically increased free radical production though no specific defect in respiration, ATP production, or membrane potential. Among the electron transport chain complexes, we found the activity of complex I was specifically reduced in mitochondrial MsrA transgenic mice. In mice with cytosolic-targeted MsrA overexpression, we found no significant alteration made to any of these parameters of mitochondrial energetics. Conclusions: There is also a growing amount of evidence that MsrA is a functional requirement for sustaining optimal mitochondrial respiration and free radical generation. MsrA is also known to play a partial role in maintaining normal protein homeostasis by specifically repairing oxidized proteins. Our studies highlight a potential novel role for MsrA in regulating the activity of mitochondrial function through its interaction with the mitochondrial proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabh Bhattacharya
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA.,Department of Cellular & Structural Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA.,Department of Clinically Applied Science Education, University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Pulliam
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA
| | - Yuhong Liu
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio TX, USA
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19
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Guest PC. Of Mice, Whales, Jellyfish and Men: In Pursuit of Increased Longevity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1178:1-24. [PMID: 31493219 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The quest for increased human longevity has been a goal of mankind throughout recorded history. Recent molecular studies are now providing potentially useful insights into the aging process which may help to achieve at least some aspects of this quest. This chapter will summarize the main findings of these studies with a focus on long-lived mutant mice and worms, and the longest living natural species including Galapagos giant tortoises, bowhead whales, Greenland sharks, quahog clams and the immortal jellyfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
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20
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Conte M, Ostan R, Fabbri C, Santoro A, Guidarelli G, Vitale G, Mari D, Sevini F, Capri M, Sandri M, Monti D, Franceschi C, Salvioli S. Human Aging and Longevity Are Characterized by High Levels of Mitokines. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 74:600-607. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Cusano Milanino
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Cusano Milanino
| | - Rita Ostan
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Cusano Milanino
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Cusano Milanino
| | - Cristina Fabbri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Cusano Milanino
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Cusano Milanino
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Cusano Milanino
| | - Giulia Guidarelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Cusano Milanino
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Cusano Milanino
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino
| | - Daniela Mari
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione Ca’ Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan
| | - Federica Sevini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Cusano Milanino
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Cusano Milanino
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Cusano Milanino
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padova
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Cusano Milanino
- Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani” (CIG), University of Bologna, Cusano Milanino
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21
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Yew WW, Yoshiyama T, Leung CC, Chan DP. Epidemiological, clinical and mechanistic perspectives of tuberculosis in older people. Respirology 2018; 23:567-575. [PMID: 29607596 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the ageing population globally, tuberculosis (TB) in older people becomes a major clinical and public health challenge. In many Asian countries, especially those located in the eastern and southeastern parts of the continent, geriatric TB is a significant problem. TB in the older patients is more difficult to diagnose in the early course of disease, and has poorer treatment outcomes, largely as increased failure and death. More drug-induced adverse reactions are also experienced by this population during TB therapy. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are now well recognized to be associated with the ageing process, and it is likely that the cellular and molecular perturbations interact inextricably with the immunological dysfunction biophysiologically inherent to ageing. These underlying mechanistic bases putatively contribute to the development of TB in the geriatric population and worsen the disease outcomes, especially when the TB is compounded by co-morbid conditions such as smoking and diabetes mellitus. Unravelling these mechanisms further would yield knowledge that might potentially help to prevent reactivated TB in older people, and also to better manage the established disease with drug regimens and other new therapeutic strategies. In addition, addressing the social elements associated with geriatric TB is also imperative in the relief of individual patient suffering and improvement of overall disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing W Yew
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Takashi Yoshiyama
- Japan Anti Tuberculosis Association, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Fukujuji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi C Leung
- Department of Health, Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong
| | - Denise P Chan
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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22
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Sakellariou GK, Lightfoot AP, Earl KE, Stofanko M, McDonagh B. Redox homeostasis and age-related deficits in neuromuscular integrity and function. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:881-906. [PMID: 28744984 PMCID: PMC5700439 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major site of metabolic activity and is the most abundant tissue in the human body. Age-related muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) and weakness, characterized by progressive loss of lean muscle mass and function, is a major contributor to morbidity and has a profound effect on the quality of life of older people. With a continuously growing older population (estimated 2 billion of people aged >60 by 2050), demand for medical and social care due to functional deficits, associated with neuromuscular ageing, will inevitably increase. Despite the importance of this 'epidemic' problem, the primary biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related deficits in neuromuscular integrity and function have not been fully determined. Skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) from a variety of subcellular sources, and age-associated oxidative damage has been suggested to be a major factor contributing to the initiation and progression of muscle atrophy inherent with ageing. RONS can modulate a variety of intracellular signal transduction processes, and disruption of these events over time due to altered redox control has been proposed as an underlying mechanism of ageing. The role of oxidants in ageing has been extensively examined in different model organisms that have undergone genetic manipulations with inconsistent findings. Transgenic and knockout rodent studies have provided insight into the function of RONS regulatory systems in neuromuscular ageing. This review summarizes almost 30 years of research in the field of redox homeostasis and muscle ageing, providing a detailed discussion of the experimental approaches that have been undertaken in murine models to examine the role of redox regulation in age-related muscle atrophy and weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam P. Lightfoot
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Kate E. Earl
- MRC‐Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL7 8TXUK
| | - Martin Stofanko
- Microvisk Technologies LtdThe Quorum7600 Oxford Business ParkOxfordOX4 2JZUK
| | - Brian McDonagh
- MRC‐Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL7 8TXUK
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
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23
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Tucum-do-Cerrado (Bactris setosa Mart.) May Promote Anti-Aging Effect by Upregulating SIRT1-Nrf2 Pathway and Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111243. [PMID: 29135935 PMCID: PMC5707715 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging may be related to oxidative damage accumulation and a low-grade inflammation, both responses are modulated by iron and phytochemicals. This study investigated the effect of tucum-do-cerrado (Bactris setosa Mart.) consumption on the expression of sirtuins (SIRT 1 and 3) and senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30), and on the redox and inflammatory responses, in adult rats supplemented or not with dietary iron. Male Wistar rats were treated for 12 weeks with: control diet (CT); iron enriched-diet (+Fe); control diet + 15% tucum-do-cerrado (Tuc); or iron enriched-diet + 15% tucum-do-cerrado (Tuc + Fe). Iron supplementation (+Fe) increased liver, spleen and intestine iron levels, transferrin saturation, serum iron, serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, hepatic carbonyl content and and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, hepatic Nrf2 protein and Nqo1 mRNA levels and decreased the renal Sirt1 mRNA levels in relation to CT group. Tucum-do-cerrado consumption (Tuc) increased hepatic SOD activity, Nrf2 and SIRT1 mRNA and protein contents, and Nqo1 mRNA levels, while it decreased the renal SOD activity compared with the CT diet. The consumption of tucum-do-cerrado associated with the iron-enriched diet (Tuc + Fe) increased the iron levels in tissues and serum transferrin saturation, compared to the CT diet, while promoting a decrease in hepatic carbonyl and renal malondialdehyde levels, marginally reducing serum IL-6 levels, and increasing hepatic SIRT1 protein content, renal Sirt1 and hepatic Nrf2 mRNA levels, compared to the +Fe group. None of the treatments altered Smp30 mRNA levels. The results suggest that tucum-do-cerrado consumption might promote an anti-aging effect by increasing SIRT1 expression, which may enhance Nrf2 mRNA and protein levels and its downstream pathway, which in turn decrease oxidative damage to proteins and the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), induced by iron excess.
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24
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Yew WW, Leung CC, Zhang Y. Oxidative stress and TB outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus? J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:1552-1555. [PMID: 28204508 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with diabetes mellitus, TB treatment outcomes are poorer. Most parameters, when measured, reflect the slower bacteriological conversion from positivity to negativity and higher risks of disease relapse and mortality, as well as a greater propensity to develop drug-resistant TB. Aside from the well-known immunological dysfunction inherent to patients with diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress is likely a major underlying mechanism adversely impacting their TB treatment outcomes. Mycobacterium tuberculosis persisters, formed as a result of the core dormancy response to stress, possibly play a central role in this hypothesis. This hypothetical model also underscores the paramount importance of programmatic management of TB and diabetes mellitus, in collaboration, to improve the outcomes of patients with both diseases. The validity of these ideas could be further ascertained by laboratory and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Wai Yew
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Chiu Leung
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Idh2 deficiency accelerates renal dysfunction in aged mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:34-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Peregrim I. Why we age — a new evolutionary view. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Kreko-Pierce T, Azpurua J, Mahoney RE, Eaton BA. Extension of Health Span and Life Span in Drosophila by S107 Requires the calstabin Homologue FK506-BP2. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26045-26055. [PMID: 27803160 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.758839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of oxidative damage is strongly linked to age-dependent declines in cell function, but the contribution of oxidative damage to morbidity is still debated. Many organisms seem to tolerate oxidative damage, and the extension of health span and life span by augmenting antioxidant activity has been inconsistent. Here we use the Drosophila model system to investigate the relationship among oxidative stress, health span, and life span. The oxidation-dependent dissociation of the Calstabin protein from the ryanodine receptor has been shown to result in reduced muscle function in mammals. The S107 molecule is able to reestablish this binding resulting in improved muscle function. We find that S107 is able to restore motor function in aging Drosophila to young levels, and this effect of S107 is absent in calstabin (FK506-BP2) mutants. Interestingly, FK506-BP2 mutant flies have reduced sensitivity to the effects of age and oxidative stress on motor function between 7 and 35 days of age. Muscle expression of FK506-BP2 in FK506-BP2 mutants completely restores the sensitivity of motor function to both age and oxidative stress, supporting the idea that the age-dependent decline in motor function in Drosophila requires FK506-BP2 function within the muscle. Although FK506-BP2 mutant flies are found to have less sensitivity to oxidative stress, FK506-BP2 mutants do not live longer than wild type. These results demonstrate that the deleterious effects of oxidation on motor function early in life are the result of a singular event that does not compromise survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabita Kreko-Pierce
- From the Department of Integrative and Cellular Physiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Jorge Azpurua
- From the Department of Integrative and Cellular Physiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Rebekah E Mahoney
- From the Department of Integrative and Cellular Physiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Benjamin A Eaton
- From the Department of Integrative and Cellular Physiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
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28
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Salmon AB. Beyond Diabetes: Does Obesity-Induced Oxidative Stress Drive the Aging Process? Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:E24. [PMID: 27438860 PMCID: PMC5039573 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous correlative data, a causative role for oxidative stress in mammalian longevity has remained elusive. However, there is strong evidence that increased oxidative stress is associated with exacerbation of many diseases and pathologies that are also strongly related to advanced age. Obesity, or increased fat accumulation, is one of the most common chronic conditions worldwide and is associated with not only metabolic dysfunction but also increased levels of oxidative stress in vivo. Moreover, obesity is also associated with significantly increased risks of cardiovascular disease, neurological decline and cancer among many other diseases as well as a significantly increased risk of mortality. In this review, we investigate the possible interpretation that the increased incidence of these diseases in obesity may be due to chronic oxidative stress mediating segmental acceleration of the aging process. Understanding how obesity can alter cellular physiology beyond that directly related to metabolic function could open new therapeutic areas of approach to extend the period of healthy aging among people of all body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Salmon
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
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ROS, Cell Senescence, and Novel Molecular Mechanisms in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3565127. [PMID: 27247702 PMCID: PMC4877482 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3565127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aging process worsens the human body functions at multiple levels, thus causing its gradual decrease to resist stress, damage, and disease. Besides changes in gene expression and metabolic control, the aging rate has been associated with the production of high levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and/or Reactive Nitrosative Species (RNS). Specific increases of ROS level have been demonstrated as potentially critical for induction and maintenance of cell senescence process. Causal connection between ROS, aging, age-related pathologies, and cell senescence is studied intensely. Senescent cells have been proposed as a target for interventions to delay the aging and its related diseases or to improve the diseases treatment. Therapeutic interventions towards senescent cells might allow restoring the health and curing the diseases that share basal processes, rather than curing each disease in separate and symptomatic way. Here, we review observations on ROS ability of inducing cell senescence through novel mechanisms that underpin aging processes. Particular emphasis is addressed to the novel mechanisms of ROS involvement in epigenetic regulation of cell senescence and aging, with the aim to individuate specific pathways, which might promote healthy lifespan and improve aging.
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Sánchez-Hidalgo AC, Muñoz MF, Herrera AJ, Espinosa-Oliva AM, Stowell R, Ayala A, Machado A, Venero JL, de Pablos RM. Chronic stress alters the expression levels of longevity-related genes in the rat hippocampus. Neurochem Int 2016; 97:181-92. [PMID: 27120255 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the negative effects of psychological stress on cellular stress during aging and neurodegenerative diseases are poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to test the effect of chronic psychological stress, and the consequent increase of circulating glucocorticoids, on several hippocampal genes involved in longevity. Sirtuin-1, p53, thioredoxin-interacting protein, and heat shock protein 70 were studied at the mRNA and protein levels in stressed and non-stressed animals. Stress treatment for 10 days decreased sirtuin-1 and heat shock protein 70 levels, but increased levels of p53, thioredoxin-interacting protein and the NADPH oxidase enzyme. Examination of protein expression following two months of stress treatment indicated that sirtuin-1 remained depressed. In contrast, an increase was observed for thioredoxin-interacting protein, heat shock protein 70, p53 and the NADPH oxidase enzyme. The effect of stress was reversed by mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. These data suggest that chronic stress could contribute to aging in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Sánchez-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mario F Muñoz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Espinosa-Oliva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rianne Stowell
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Antonio Ayala
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alberto Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José L Venero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío M de Pablos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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31
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Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Skin Aging: The Role of DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Epidermal Stem Cell Damage Mediated Skin Aging. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7370642. [PMID: 27148370 PMCID: PMC4842382 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7370642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest human organ. Skin continually reconstructs itself to ensure its viability, integrity, and ability to provide protection for the body. Some areas of skin are continuously exposed to a variety of environmental stressors that can inflict direct and indirect damage to skin cell DNA. Skin homeostasis is maintained by mesenchymal stem cells in inner layer dermis and epidermal stem cells (ESCs) in the outer layer epidermis. Reduction of skin stem cell number and function has been linked to impaired skin homeostasis (e.g., skin premature aging and skin cancers). Skin stem cells, with self-renewal capability and multipotency, are frequently affected by environment. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), a major cause of stem cell DNA damage, can contribute to depletion of stem cells (ESCs and mesenchymal stem cells) and damage of stem cell niche, eventually leading to photoinduced skin aging. In this review, we discuss the role of UV-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in the skin stem cell aging in order to gain insights into the pathogenesis and develop a way to reduce photoaging of skin cells.
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Ito J, Nakagawa K, Kato S, Miyazawa T, Kimura F, Miyazawa T. The combination of maternal and offspring high-fat diets causes marked oxidative stress and development of metabolic syndrome in mouse offspring. Life Sci 2016; 151:70-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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McIsaac RS, Lewis KN, Gibney PA, Buffenstein R. From yeast to human: exploring the comparative biology of methionine restriction in extending eukaryotic life span. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1363:155-70. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Romeu M, Rubió L, Sánchez-Martos V, Castañer O, de la Torre R, Valls RM, Ras R, Pedret A, Catalán Ú, López de las Hazas MDC, Motilva MJ, Fitó M, Solà R, Giralt M. Virgin Olive Oil Enriched with Its Own Phenols or Complemented with Thyme Phenols Improves DNA Protection against Oxidation and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Hyperlipidemic Subjects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1879-1888. [PMID: 26889783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of virgin olive oil (VOO) enriched with its own phenolic compounds (PC) and/or thyme PC on the protection against oxidative DNA damage and antioxidant endogenous enzymatic system (AEES) were estimated in 33 hyperlipidemic subjects after the consumption of VOO, VOO enriched with its own PC (FVOO), or VOO complemented with thyme PC (FVOOT). Compared to pre-intervention, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (a marker for DNA damage) decreased in the FVOO intervention and to a greater extent in the FVOOT with a parallel significant increase in olive and thyme phenolic metabolites. Superoxide dismutase (AEES enzyme) significantly increased in the FVOO intervention and to a greater extent in the FVOOT with a parallel significant increase in thyme phenolic metabolites. When all three oils were compared, FVOOT appeared to have the greatest effect in protecting against oxidative DNA damage and improving AEES. The sustained intake of a FVOOT improves DNA protection against oxidation and AEES probably due to a greater bioavailability of thyme PC in hyperlipidemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Romeu
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, NFOC group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Food Technology Department, UTPV-XaRTA, Agrotecnio Research Center, Universitat de Lleida , C. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca en Lı́pids i Arteriosclerosis, CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital, CTNS, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, NFOC Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C. Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Vanessa Sánchez-Martos
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, NFOC group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques , C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques , C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Valls
- Unitat de Recerca en Lı́pids i Arteriosclerosis, CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital, CTNS, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, NFOC Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C. Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Ras
- Center for Omics Sciences , Avenida Universitat 1, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Unitat de Recerca en Lı́pids i Arteriosclerosis, CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital, CTNS, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, NFOC Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C. Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Unitat de Recerca en Lı́pids i Arteriosclerosis, CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital, CTNS, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, NFOC Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C. Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - María del Carmen López de las Hazas
- Food Technology Department, UTPV-XaRTA, Agrotecnio Research Center, Universitat de Lleida , C. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - María J Motilva
- Food Technology Department, UTPV-XaRTA, Agrotecnio Research Center, Universitat de Lleida , C. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques , C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Unitat de Recerca en Lı́pids i Arteriosclerosis, CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital, CTNS, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, NFOC Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C. Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Montserrat Giralt
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, NFOC group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Which Is the Most Significant Cause of Aging? Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:793-810. [PMID: 26783959 PMCID: PMC4712935 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It becomes clearer and clearer that aging is a result of a significant number of causes and it would seem that counteracting one or several of them should not make a significant difference. Taken at face value, this suggests, for example, that free radicals and reactive oxygen species do not play a significant role in aging and that the lifespan of organisms cannot be significantly extended. In this review, I point to the fact that the causes of aging synergize with each other and discuss the implications involved. One implication is that when two or more synergizing causes increase over time, the result of their action increases dramatically; I discuss a simple model demonstrating this. It is reasonable to conclude that this might explain the acceleration of aging and mortality with age. In this regard, the analysis of results and mortality patterns described in studies involving yeasts and Drosophila provides support for this view. Since the causes of aging are synergizing, it is also concluded that none of them is the major one but many including free radicals, etc. play significant roles. It follows that health/lifespan might be significantly extended if we eliminate or even attenuate the increase of a few or even just one of the causes of aging. While the synergism between the causes of aging is the main topic of this review, several related matters are briefly discussed as well.
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Stepanova M, Rodriguez E, Birerdinc A, Baranova A. Age-independent rise of inflammatory scores may contribute to accelerated aging in multi-morbidity. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1414-21. [PMID: 25638154 PMCID: PMC4359303 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increase in a chronic, low-grade inflammation. This phenomenon, termed “inflammaging” is also a risk factor for both morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Frequent co-occurrence of chronic diseases, known as multi-morbidity, may be explained by interconnected pathophysiology of these conditions, most of which depend on its inflammatory component. Here we present an analysis of the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data collected between 1999 and 2008, for the presence, and the number, of chronic diseases along with HDL-cholesterol, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, lymphocyte percent, monocyte percent, segmented neutrophils percent, eosinophils percent, basophils percent, and glycohemoglobin levels. Importantly, even after adjustment for age and BMI, many inflammatory markers continued to be associated to multi-morbidity. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) were most dramatically increased in parallel with an accumulation of chronic diseases, and may be utilized as multi-morbidity predictors. These observations point at background inflammation as direct, age-independent contributor to an accumulation of the disease burden. Our findings also suggest a possibility that systemic inflammation associated with chronic diseases may explain accelerated aging phenomenon previously observed among the patients with heavy disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stepanova
- Center for the Study of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health Systems, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Edgar Rodriguez
- Center for the Study of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Aybike Birerdinc
- Center for the Study of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health Systems, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Ancha Baranova
- Center for the Study of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health Systems, Falls Church, VA, USA.,Research Center for Medical Genetics RAMS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Atlas Biomed Group, Moscow, Russia
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Effects of Increased Flight on the Energetics and Life History of the Butterfly Speyeria mormonia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140104. [PMID: 26510164 PMCID: PMC4624906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Movement uses resources that may otherwise be allocated to somatic maintenance or reproduction. How does increased energy expenditure affect resource allocation? Using the butterfly Speyeria mormonia, we tested whether experimentally increased flight affects fecundity, lifespan or flight capacity. We measured body mass (storage), resting metabolic rate and lifespan (repair and maintenance), flight metabolic rate (flight capacity), egg number and composition (reproduction), and food intake across the adult lifespan. The flight treatment did not affect body mass or lifespan. Food intake increased sufficiently to offset the increased energy expenditure. Total egg number did not change, but flown females had higher early-life fecundity and higher egg dry mass than control females. Egg dry mass decreased with age in both treatments. Egg protein, triglyceride or glycogen content did not change with flight or age, but some components tracked egg dry mass. Flight elevated resting metabolic rate, indicating increased maintenance costs. Flight metabolism decreased with age, with a steeper slope for flown females. This may reflect accelerated metabolic senescence from detrimental effects of flight. These effects of a drawdown of nutrients via flight contrast with studies restricting adult nutrient input. There, fecundity was reduced, but flight capacity and lifespan were unchanged. The current study showed that when food resources were abundant, wing-monomorphic butterflies living in a continuous meadow landscape resisted flight-induced stress, exhibiting no evidence of a flight-fecundity or flight-longevity trade-off. Instead, flight changed the dynamics of energy use and reproduction as butterflies adopted a faster lifestyle in early life. High investment in early reproduction may have positive fitness effects in the wild, as long as food is available. Our results help to predict the effect of stressful conditions on the life history of insects living in a changing world.
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Yanar K, Atukeren P, Cebe T, Kunbaz A, Ozan T, Kansu AD, Durmaz S, Güleç V, Belce A, Aydın S, Çakatay U, Rizvi SI. Ameliorative Effects of Testosterone Administration on Renal Redox Homeostasis in Naturally Aged Rats. Rejuvenation Res 2015; 18:299-312. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Yanar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Atukeren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tamer Cebe
- Basic Sciences, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmad Kunbaz
- Basic Sciences, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuna Ozan
- Basic Sciences, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Doğukan Kansu
- Basic Sciences, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selahattin Durmaz
- Basic Sciences, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veysel Güleç
- Basic Sciences, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Belce
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Aydın
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Çakatay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
In the past century, considerable efforts were made to understand the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and of oxidative stress in aging. The classic mitochondrial free radical theory of aging, in which mtDNA mutations cause genotoxic oxidative stress, which in turn creates more mutations, has been a central hypothesis in the field for decades. In the past few years, however, new elements have discredited this original theory. The major sources of mitochondrial DNA mutations seem to be replication errors and failure of the repair mechanisms, and the accumulation of these mutations as observed in aged organisms seems to occur by clonal expansion and not to be caused by a reactive oxygen species-dependent vicious cycle. New hypotheses of how age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to aging are based on the role of reactive oxygen species as signaling molecules and on their role in mediating stress responses to age-dependent damage. Here, we review the changes that mtDNA undergoes during aging and the past and most recent hypotheses linking these changes to the tissue failure observed in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Pinto
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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40
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Cannon L, Bodmer R. Genetic manipulation of cardiac ageing. J Physiol 2015; 594:2075-83. [PMID: 26060055 DOI: 10.1113/jp270563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing in humans is associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. We still do not fully understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning this correlation. However, a number of insights into which genes control cardiac ageing have come from studying hearts of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. The fly's simple heart tube has similar molecular structure and basic physiology to the human heart. Also, both fly and human hearts experience significant age-related morphological and functional decline. Studies on the fly heart have highlighted the involvement of key nutrient sensing, ion channel and sarcomeric genes in cardiac ageing. Many of these genes have also been implicated in ageing of the mammalian heart. Genes that increase oxidative stress, or are linked to cardiac hypertrophy or neurodegenerative diseases in mammals also affect cardiac ageing in the fruit fly. Moreover, fly studies have demonstrated the potential of exercise and statins to treat age-related cardiac disease. These results show the value of Drosophila as a model to discover the genetic causes of human cardiac ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cannon
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Topcuoglu S, Karatekin G, Yavuz T, Arman D, Kaya A, Gursoy T, Ovalı F. The relationship between the oxidative stress and the cardiac hypertrophy in infants of diabetic mothers. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 109:104-9. [PMID: 25934526 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, oxidative stress was suggested to play a role in maternal and fetal complications of diabetic pregnancies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the global oxidant and antioxidant status in infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) via measurement of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) and to determine their association with the clinical and cardiac manifestations of gestational diabetes on infants. Forty five infants constituted the IDM group, 51 infants born to non diabetic mothers served as the control group. Umbilical cord blood was drawn from IDM and controls for TAC and TOS measurement. Echocardiographic measurements were performed in the first three days of life. Infants of diabetic mother had significantly higher TAC (p=0.024), TOS (p=0.03) and oxidative stress index (OSI, p=0.04) levels compared to controls. Hemoglobin values were correlated to TOS (r=0.310, p=0.03) and OSI (r=0.310, p=0.03). Maternal HbA1c values were also correlated to TOS (r=0.576, p=0.001) and OSI (r=0.606, p<0.001). Systolic and diastolic interventicular septum measurements, and left ventricular mass were also correlated with TOS (r=0.330, p=0.02; r=0.453, p=0.002; r=0.404, p=0.006, respectively) and OSI (r=0.330, p=0.02; r=0.300, p=0.04, r=0.300; p=0.04, respectively). Oxidant-antioxidant balance is disturbed in favor of oxidants in IDM despite compensatory increase in TAC. The degree of oxidative stress is related to the severity of myocardial and hematological involvement in IDM in the first days of life and maternal glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevilay Topcuoglu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Guner Karatekin
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taner Yavuz
- Pediatric Cardiology, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Arman
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşem Kaya
- Section of Biochemistry, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Gursoy
- Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fahri Ovalı
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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42
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Gender- and region-dependent changes of redox biomarkers in the brain of successfully aging LOU/C rats. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 149:19-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Thakur A, Alam MJ, Ajayakumar MR, Ghaskadbi S, Sharma M, Goswami SK. Norepinephrine-induced apoptotic and hypertrophic responses in H9c2 cardiac myoblasts are characterized by different repertoire of reactive oxygen species generation. Redox Biol 2015; 5:243-252. [PMID: 26070033 PMCID: PMC4477046 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances, the role of ROS in mediating hypertrophic and apoptotic responses in cardiac myocytes elicited by norepinephrine (NE) is rather poorly understood. We demonstrate through our experiments that H9c2 cardiac myoblasts treated with 2 µM NE (hypertrophic dose) generate DCFH-DA positive ROS only for 2 h; while those treated with 100 µM NE (apoptotic dose) sustains generation for 48 h, followed by apoptosis. Though the levels of DCFH fluorescence were comparable at early time points in the two treatment sets, its quenching by DPI, catalase and MnTmPyP suggested the existence of a different repertoire of ROS. Both doses of NE also induced moderate levels of H2O2 but with different kinetics. Sustained but intermittent generation of highly reactive species detectable by HPF was seen in both treatment sets but no peroxynitrite was generated in either conditions. Sustained generation of hydroxyl radicals with no appreciable differences were noticed in both treatment sets. Nevertheless, despite similar profile of ROS generation between the two conditions, extensive DNA damage as evident from the increase in 8-OH-dG content, formation of γ-H2AX and PARP cleavage was seen only in cells treated with the higher dose of NE. We therefore conclude that hypertrophic and apoptotic doses of NE generate distinct but comparable repertoire of ROS/RNS leading to two very distinct downstream responses. H9c2 myoblasts upon treatment with 2 and 100 µM NE induces hypertrophy and apoptosis. Both treatments show comparable levels of DCFH fluorescence with different kinetics. Both treatments show comparable levels of HPF fluorescence in an oscillating manner. More hydroxyl radical was generated in 100 µM NE treated set. DNA damage and apoptosis occurs only in 100 µM NE treated sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thakur
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - M R Ajayakumar
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Manish Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, New Delhi 110054, India
| | - Shyamal K Goswami
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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44
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de Cavanagh EMV, Inserra F, Ferder L. Angiotensin II blockade: how its molecular targets may signal to mitochondria and slow aging. Coincidences with calorie restriction and mTOR inhibition. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H15-44. [PMID: 25934099 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00459.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR), renin angiotensin system blockade (RAS-bl), and rapamycin-mediated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition increase survival and retard aging across species. Previously, we have summarized CR and RAS-bl's converging effects, and the mitochondrial function changes associated with their physiological benefits. mTOR inhibition and enhanced sirtuin and KLOTHO signaling contribute to the benefits of CR in aging. mTORC1/mTORC2 complexes contribute to cell growth and metabolic regulation. Prolonged mTORC1 activation may lead to age-related disease progression; thus, rapamycin-mediated mTOR inhibition and CR may extend lifespan and retard aging through mTORC1 interference. Sirtuins by deacetylating histone and transcription-related proteins modulate signaling and survival pathways and mitochondrial functioning. CR regulates several mammalian sirtuins favoring their role in aging regulation. KLOTHO/fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) contribute to control Ca(2+), phosphate, and vitamin D metabolism, and their dysregulation may participate in age-related disease. Here we review how mTOR inhibition extends lifespan, how KLOTHO functions as an aging suppressor, how sirtuins mediate longevity, how vitamin D loss may contribute to age-related disease, and how they relate to mitochondrial function. Also, we discuss how RAS-bl downregulates mTOR and upregulates KLOTHO, sirtuin, and vitamin D receptor expression, suggesting that at least some of RAS-bl benefits in aging are mediated through the modulation of mTOR, KLOTHO, and sirtuin expression and vitamin D signaling, paralleling CR actions in age retardation. Concluding, the available evidence endorses the idea that RAS-bl is among the interventions that may turn out to provide relief to the spreading issue of age-associated chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M V de Cavanagh
- Center of Hypertension, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Derqui, Argentina; School of Biomedical Sciences, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Felipe Inserra
- Center of Hypertension, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Derqui, Argentina; School of Biomedical Sciences, Austral University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - León Ferder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine, Ponce, Puerto Rico
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45
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Kermanizadeh A, Chauché C, Brown DM, Loft S, Møller P. The role of intracellular redox imbalance in nanomaterial induced cellular damage and genotoxicity: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:111-24. [PMID: 25427446 DOI: 10.1002/em.21926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The terms oxidative stress, free radical generation, and intracellular antioxidant protection have become part of everyday nanotoxicology terminology. In recent years, an ever increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies have implicated disruptions to the redox balance and oxidative stress as one of the main contributors to nanomaterial (NM) induced adverse effects. One of the most important and widely investigated of these effects is genotoxicity. In general, systems that defend an organism against oxidative damage to DNA are very complex and include prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, neutralizing ROS (scavengers), enzymatic nucleotide pool sanitation, and DNA repair. This review discusses the importance of the maintenance of the redox balance in this context before examining studies that have investigated engineered NM induced redox imbalance and genotoxicity. Furthermore, we identify data gaps, and highlight a number of issues that exist with the methodologies that are routinely utilized to investigate intracellular ROS production or anti-oxidant depletion. We conclude that for a large number of engineered NM types changes in the redox balance toward oxidative stress are normally associated with DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kermanizadeh
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1014, Denmark
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46
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Lucas ER, Keller L. Ageing and somatic maintenance in social insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2014; 5:31-36. [PMID: 32846739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Social insects offer exciting prospects for ageing research due to the striking differences in lifespan among castes, with queens living up to an order of magnitude longer than workers. A popular theory is that senescence is primarily the result of an accumulation of somatic damage with age, balanced by investment into processes of somatic maintenance. Investigation of these predictions in social insects has produced mixed results: neither damage accumulation nor investment into somatic maintenance is consistently different between castes with different lifespans. We discuss some limitations of the studies conducted thus far and consider an alternative proximate theory of ageing that has been recently proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Lucas
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Keller
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Mura F, Silva T, Castro C, Borges F, Zuñiga MC, Morales J, Olea-Azar C. New insights into the antioxidant activity of hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic systems: spectroscopic, electrochemistry, and cellular studies. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1473-84. [PMID: 25236566 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.965702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series hydroxycinnamic and gallic acids and their derivatives were studied with the aim of evaluating their in vitro antioxidant properties both in homogeneous and in cellular systems. It was concluded from the oxygen radical absorbance capacity-fluorescein (ORAC-FL), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and cyclic voltammetry data that some compounds exhibit remarkable antioxidant properties. In general, in homogeneous media (DPPH assay), galloyl-based cinnamic and benzoic systems (compounds 7-11) were the most active, exhibiting the lowest oxidation potentials in both dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and phosphate buffer. Yet, p-coumaric acid and its derivatives (compounds 1-3) disclosed the highest scavenging activity toward peroxyl radicals (ORAC-FL assay). Interesting structure-property- activity relationships between ORAC-FL, or DPPH radical, and redox potentials have been attained, showing that the latter parameter can be a valuable antioxidant measure. It was evidenced that redox potentials are related to the structural features of cinnamic and benzoic systems and that their activities are also dependent on the radical generated in the assay. Electron spin resonance data of the phenoxyl radicals generated both in DMSO and phosphate buffer support the assumption that radical stability is related to the type of phenolic system. Galloyl-based cinnamic and benzoic ester-type systems (compounds 9 and 11) were the most active and effective compounds in cell-based assays (51.13 ± 1.27% and 54.90 ± 3.65%, respectively). In cellular systems, hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic systems operate based on their intrinsic antioxidant outline and lipophilic properties, so the balance between these two properties is considered of the utmost importance to ensure their performance in the prevention or minimization of the effects due to free radical overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mura
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Laboratory of Free Radicals and Antioxidants, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile , Santiago de Chile , Chile
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