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Roa-Tort K, Saavedra Y, Villanueva-Martínez A, Ganem-Rondero A, Pérez-Carranza LA, de la Rosa-Vázquez JM, Ugalde-Femat G, Molina-Alejandre O, Becerril-Osnaya AA, Rivera-Fernández JD. In Vitro Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Inhibition Using a Green Light Source. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:518. [PMID: 38675180 PMCID: PMC11053950 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been based on using photosensitizers (PS) and applying light of a specific wavelength. When this technique is used for treating infections, it is known as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Currently, the use of lighting sources for in vitro studies using aPDT is generally applied in multiwell cell culture plates; however, depending on the lighting arrangement, there are usually errors in the application of the technique because the light from a well can affect the neighboring wells or it may be that not all the wells are used in the same experiment. In addition, one must be awarded high irradiance values, which can cause unwanted photothermal problems in the studies. Thus, this manuscript presents an in vitro antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inhibition study using an arrangement of thermally isolated and independently illuminated green light source systems for eight tubes in vitro aPDT, determining the effect of the following factors: (i) irradiance level, (ii) exposure time, and (iii) Rose Bengal (RB) concentration (used as a PS), registering the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inhibition rates. The results show that in the dark, RB had a poor antimicrobial rate for P. aeruginosa, finding the maximum inhibition (2.7%) at 30 min with an RB concentration of 3 µg/mL. However, by applying light in a correct dosage (time × irradiance) and the adequate RB concentration, the inhibition rate increased by over 37%. In the case of MRSA, there was no significant inhibition with RB in complete darkness and, in contrast, the rate was 100% for those experiments that were irradiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Roa-Tort
- Laboratorio de Optomecatrónica, UPIIH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Distrito de Educación, Salud, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42162, Mexico;
| | - Yael Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Biofotónica, ESIME ZAC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (Y.S.); (J.M.d.l.R.-V.); (G.U.-F.)
| | - Angélica Villanueva-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica (L-322), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico; (A.V.-M.); (A.G.-R.); (O.M.-A.)
| | - Adriana Ganem-Rondero
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica (L-322), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico; (A.V.-M.); (A.G.-R.); (O.M.-A.)
| | - Laura Abril Pérez-Carranza
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Diagnóstica de la Sección de Ciencias de la Salud Humana (anexo al L-513, Campo1), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico;
| | - José M. de la Rosa-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biofotónica, ESIME ZAC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (Y.S.); (J.M.d.l.R.-V.); (G.U.-F.)
| | - Gabriel Ugalde-Femat
- Laboratorio de Biofotónica, ESIME ZAC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (Y.S.); (J.M.d.l.R.-V.); (G.U.-F.)
| | - Omar Molina-Alejandre
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica (L-322), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico; (A.V.-M.); (A.G.-R.); (O.M.-A.)
| | - Andrea Angela Becerril-Osnaya
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Diagnóstica de la Sección de Ciencias de la Salud Humana (anexo al L-513, Campo1), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54740, Mexico;
| | - Josué D. Rivera-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Optomecatrónica, UPIIH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Distrito de Educación, Salud, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42162, Mexico;
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Hu C, He G, Yang Y, Wang N, Zhang Y, Su Y, Zhao F, Wu J, Wang L, Lin Y, Shao L. Nanomaterials Regulate Bacterial Quorum Sensing: Applications, Mechanisms, and Optimization Strategies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306070. [PMID: 38350718 PMCID: PMC11022734 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Anti-virulence therapy that interferes with bacterial communication, known as "quorum sensing (QS)", is a promising strategy for circumventing bacterial resistance. Using nanomaterials to regulate bacterial QS in anti-virulence therapy has attracted much attention, which is mainly attributed to unique physicochemical properties and excellent designability of nanomaterials. However, bacterial QS is a dynamic and multistep process, and there are significant differences in the specific regulatory mechanisms and related influencing factors of nanomaterials in different steps of the QS process. An in-depth understanding of the specific regulatory mechanisms and related influencing factors of nanomaterials in each step can significantly optimize QS regulatory activity and enhance the development of novel nanomaterials with better comprehensive performance. Therefore, this review focuses on the mechanisms by which nanomaterials regulate bacterial QS in the signal supply (including signal synthesis, secretion, and accumulation) and signal transduction cascade (including signal perception and response) processes. Moreover, based on the two key influencing factors (i.e., the nanomaterial itself and the environment), optimization strategies to enhance the QS regulatory activity are comprehensively summarized. Collectively, applying nanomaterials to regulate bacterial QS is a promising strategy for anti-virulence therapy. This review provides reference and inspiration for further research on the anti-virulence application of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Guixin He
- Stomatological Hospital, School of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Yujun Yang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Ning Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Yuan Su
- Stomatological Hospital, School of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
- Stomatology CenterShunde HospitalSouthern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde)Foshan528399China
| | - Fujian Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Junrong Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Hainan General Hospital·Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan medical UniversityHaikou570311China
| | - Yuqing Lin
- Shenzhen Luohu People's HospitalShenzhen518000China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of StomatologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
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AlFawaz YF. Antibacterial efficacy of NanoCare, Fullerene (C60) activated by UV light, and Morinda Oleifera against S.Mutans and bond integrity of composite resin to caries affected dentin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103926. [PMID: 38065228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Assessment of the impact of contemporary disinfection techniques Moringa Oleifera (M. Oleifera), NanoCare Plus Silver Gold® (Nanocare), and Fullerene (C60) on survival rates of S.Mutans and shear bond strength (SBS) of composite to the carious affected dentin (CAD) MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty mandibular molars having caries progression till the middle 1/3rd of the dentin were disinfected. The CAD surface of twenty samples was inoculated with S.mutans. Based on different disinfection regimens samples were arbitrarily assigned to four groups (n:15) Group 1: 2 % CHX, Group 2:NanoCare, Group 3:Fullerene (C60), and Group 4 (M. Oleifera. This was followed by calculating the survival rate of S.mutans. Ten samples from each group were then restored with composite restoration and thermocycled. Assessment of SBS and failure mode was performed using a universal testing machine and stereomicroscope at 40X magnification. Statistical significance among groups was assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at a significance level of p = 0.05 RESULTS: Group 2 samples treated with NanoCare exhibited the lowest survival rate (0.39 ± 0.02 CFU/ml) of S.Mutans. However, Group 1 (CHX) samples exhibited the highest survival count (0.51±0.10 CFU/ml). Furthermore, the highest composite to CAD bond was observed in Group 3 Fullerene(C60) (18.44±0.25 MPa) samples and the lowest SBS was observed in Group 1 (CHX) (12.48±1.69 MPa) CONCLUSION: Fullerene(C60) and Moringa Oleifera extract hold promise as potential substitutes for chlorhexidine (CHX) in clinical applications, offering the potential for improved S.Mutans elimination and enhanced bond strength to CAD surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser F AlFawaz
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
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Nie M, Yang J, Rastelli ANDS, Shen Y, Deng D. Oxygen Availability on the Application of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Multi-Species Biofilms. Pathogens 2023; 12:904. [PMID: 37513751 PMCID: PMC10384119 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB)- or Curcumin (Cur)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used as an adjunctive treatment for periodontitis. Its actual clinical efficacy is still in question because the lack of oxygen in a deep periodontal pocket might reduce the PDT efficacy. We aim to investigate the effect of oxygen on PDT efficacy and to examine if the addition of hydrogen peroxide (HP) could improve PDT performance anaerobically. To this end, we cultured 48 h saliva-derived multi-species biofilms and treated the biofilms with 25 µM MB or 40 µM Cur, HP (0.001%, 0.01% and 0.1%), light (L-450 nm or L-660 nm), or combinations thereof under ambient air or strictly anaerobic conditions. MB- and Cur-PDTs significantly reduced biofilm viability in air but not under anaerobic conditions. HP at 0.1% significantly enhanced the killing efficacies of both MB- and Cur-PDTs anaerobically. The killing efficacy of Cur-PDT combined with 0.1% HP was higher anaerobically than in air. However, this was not the case for MB-PDT combined with 0.1% HP. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the biofilm killing efficacies of MB- and Cur-PDTs diminished when there was no oxygen. HP at 0.1% can enhance the efficacy of PDT performed anaerobically, but the level of enhancement is photosensitizer-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Nie
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jingmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yuqin Shen
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Li Y, Sun G, Xie J, Xiao S, Lin C. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against oral biofilm: influencing factors, mechanisms, and combined actions with other strategies. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192955. [PMID: 37362926 PMCID: PMC10288113 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral biofilms are a prominent cause of a wide variety of oral infectious diseases which are still considered as growing public health problems worldwide. Oral biofilms harbor specific virulence factors that would aggravate the infectious process and present resistance to some traditional therapies. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as a potential approach to eliminate oral biofilms via in situ-generated reactive oxygen species. Although numerous types of research have investigated the effectiveness of aPDT, few review articles have listed the antimicrobial mechanisms of aPDT on oral biofilms and new methods to improve the efficiency of aPDT. The review aims to summarize the virulence factors of oral biofilms, the progress of aPDT in various oral biofilm elimination, the mechanism mediated by aPDT, and combinatorial approaches of aPDT with other traditional agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Guanwen Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingchan Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Suli Xiao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
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Piksa M, Lian C, Samuel IC, Pawlik KJ, Samuel IDW, Matczyszyn K. The role of the light source in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1697-1722. [PMID: 36779328 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01051k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising approach to fight the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance that threatens health care, food security and agriculture. APDT uses light to excite a light-activated chemical (photosensitiser), leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many APDT studies confirm its efficacy in vitro and in vivo against bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. However, the development of the field is focused on exploring potential targets and developing new photosensitisers. The role of light, a crucial element for ROS production, has been neglected. What are the main parameters essential for effective photosensitiser activation? Does an optimal light radiant exposure exist? And finally, which light source is best? Many reports have described the promising antibacterial effects of APDT in vitro, however, its application in vivo, especially in clinical settings remains very limited. The restricted availability may partially be due to a lack of standard conditions or protocols, arising from the diversity of selected photosensitising agents (PS), variable testing conditions including light sources used for PS activation and methods of measuring anti-bacterial activity and their effectiveness in treating bacterial infections. We thus sought to systematically review and examine the evidence from existing studies on APDT associated with the light source used. We show how the reduction of pathogens depends on the light source applied, radiant exposure and irradiance of light used, and type of pathogen, and so critically appraise the current state of development of APDT and areas to be addressed in future studies. We anticipate that further standardisation of the experimental conditions will help the field advance, and suggest key optical and biological parameters that should be reported in all APDT studies. More in vivo and clinical studies are needed and are expected to be facilitated by advances in light sources, leading to APDT becoming a sustainable, alternative therapeutic option for bacterial and other microbial infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Piksa
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cheng Lian
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK.
| | - Imogen C Samuel
- School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Krzysztof J Pawlik
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK.
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Kolarikova M, Hosikova B, Dilenko H, Barton-Tomankova K, Valkova L, Bajgar R, Malina L, Kolarova H. Photodynamic therapy: Innovative approaches for antibacterial and anticancer treatments. Med Res Rev 2023. [PMID: 36757198 DOI: 10.1002/med.21935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an alternative treatment mainly for cancer but also for bacterial infections. This treatment dates back to 1900 when a German medical school graduate Oscar Raab found a photodynamic effect while doing research for his doctoral dissertation with Professor Hermann von Tappeiner. Unexpectedly, Raab revealed that the toxicity of acridine on paramecium depends on the intensity of light in his laboratory. Photodynamic therapy is therefore based on the administration of a photosensitizer with subsequent light irradiation within the absorption maxima of this substance followed by reactive oxygen species formation and finally cell death. Although this treatment is not a novelty, there is an endeavor for various modifications to the therapy. For example, selectivity and efficiency of the photosensitizer, as well as irradiation with various types of light sources are still being modified to improve final results of the photodynamic therapy. The main aim of this review is to summarize anticancer and antibacterial modifications, namely various compounds, approaches, and techniques, to enhance the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Kolarikova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hosikova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hanna Dilenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Barton-Tomankova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Valkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Bajgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Malina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolarova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Lv Y, Li P, Su R, Cai J, Zhong H, Wen F, Su W. Methylene Blue/Carbon Dots Composite with Photothermal and Photodynamic Properties: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Application. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:92-100. [PMID: 35879646 DOI: 10.1111/php.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy provide new ways to combat antibiotic resistance. In this research, methylene blue (MB) as an effective photosensitizer was conjugated with carbon quantum dots (CQDs), the composite product not only possessed good antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) due to excellent singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) production rate and light heat transfer performance, but also showed good biocompatibility. Combined with 808 nm and 660 nm laser irradiation, the minimum bactericidal concentration of CQDs-MB towards S. aureus and E. coli was 5 μm. Therefore, this study provides a potential candidate material based on CQDs for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbin Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Zhuang and Yao Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Zhuang and Yao Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Rixiang Su
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Zhuang and Yao Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jinyun Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Zhuang and Yao Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Haiyi Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Zhuang and Yao Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Fangzhou Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Zhuang and Yao Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
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Tan Y, Ma Y, Zhao C, Huang Z, Zhang A. Hybrid Nanoparticles of Tetraamino Fullerene and Benzothiadiazole fluorophore as Efficient Photosensitizers against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Du T, Xu J, Zhu S, Yao X, Guo J, Lv W. Effects of spray drying, freeze drying, and vacuum drying on physicochemical and nutritional properties of protein peptide powder from salted duck egg white. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1026903. [PMID: 36337632 PMCID: PMC9626763 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1026903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salted duck egg white contains many kinds of high quality protein, but it is often discarded as food factory waste because of high salinity and other reasons. The discarded salted duck egg white not only causes a waste of resources, but also causes environmental pollution. Using salted duck egg white as raw material, this study was completed to investigate the effects of three drying methods including freeze drying, vacuum drying, and spray drying on physicochemical and nutritional properties of protein powder from salted duck egg white. The results showed that the solubility, foaming and foaming stability, emulsification and emulsification stability of the protein peptide of salted duck egg white decreased to different degrees after drying. The scavenging rates of freeze-dried samples for superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) reached 48.76, 85.03, and 80.17%, respectively. Freeze drying had higher scavenging rates than vacuum drying and spray drying. The results of electron microscopy showed that freeze-drying had the least effect on the structure of protein peptide powder of salted duck egg white. The purpose of this experiment was to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for industrial drying of salted duck egg white protein solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyin Du
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jicheng Xu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Shengnan Zhu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xinjun Yao
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jun Guo
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
| | - Weiqiao Lv
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Woźniak A, Burzyńska N, Zybała I, Empel J, Grinholc M. Priming effect with photoinactivation against extensively drug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 235:112554. [PMID: 36095975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present antimicrobial blue light (aBL) and antimicrobial photoinactivation with green light in the presence of Rose Bengal (aPDI) to modulate the susceptibility of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates to antimicrobials. This process can be considered a photodynamic priming tool that influences other therapeutic options, such as antibiotics. The current study evaluated the different environments to estimate the most effective priming conditions by testing a broad spectrum of antimicrobials (including antimicrobials with different targets and mechanisms of action). The susceptibility of the E. cloacae and K. pneumoniae clinical isolates to various antibiotics after aBL and green light (with rose bengal) as aPDI treatment was examined with multiple methods of synergy testing (e.g., diffusion methods, checkerboard assay, postantibiotic effect), and most effective photoinactivation conditions were implemented for each environment. When Enterobacteriaceae were exposed to aBL, the most efficient reduction in survival rate under TSB conditions was observed. Similar results were observed when rose bengal, as a photosensitizer, was present during the exposure to green light in PBS. aBL and aPDI led to an increased susceptibility of K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae isolates to chloramphenicol and colistin or fosfomycin and colistin antibiotics, respectively. However, among the 4 tested isolates, we observed synergies between different antimicrobial agents and photoinactivation conditions. Thus, it may suggest that the sensitization process may be considered a strain dependent priming tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Woźniak
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Burzyńska
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Izabela Zybała
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Empel
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Grinholc
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
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12
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Gricajeva A, Buchovec I, Kalėdienė L, Badokas K, Vitta P. Riboflavin- and chlorophyllin-based antimicrobial photoinactivation of Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1006723. [PMID: 36262183 PMCID: PMC9575555 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1006723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some Brevundimonas spp. are globally emerging opportunistic pathogens that can be dangerous to individuals with underlying medical conditions and for those who are immunocompromised. Gram-negative Brevundimonas spp. can form resilient sessile biofilms and are found not only in different confined terrestrial settings (e.g., hospitals) but are also frequently detected in spacecraft which is inhabited by astronauts that can have altered immunity. Therefore, Brevundimonas spp. pose a serious health hazard in different environments, especially in its biofilm form. Conventional antimicrobials applied to disrupt, inactivate, or prevent biofilm formation have limited efficiency and applicability in different closed-loop systems. Therefore, new, effective, and safe biofilm control technologies are in high demand. The present work aimed to investigate antimicrobial photoinactivation (API) of Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 monocultural biofilms mediated by non-toxic, natural photosensitizers such as riboflavin (RF) and chlorophyllin (Chl) with an emphasis of this technology as an example to be safely used in closed-loop systems such as spacecraft. The present study showed that Chl-based API had a bactericidal effect on Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 biofilms at twice the lower irradiation doses than was needed when applying RF-based API. Long-term API based on RF and Chl using 450 nm low irradiance plate has also been studied in this work as a more practically applicable API method. The ability of Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 biofilms to reduce alamarBlue™ and regrowth analysis have revealed that after the applied photoinactivation, bacteria can enter a viable but non-culturable state with no ability to resuscitate in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Gricajeva
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- *Correspondence: Alisa Gricajeva,
| | - Irina Buchovec
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lilija Kalėdienė
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kazimieras Badokas
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Pranciškus Vitta
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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13
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Tan Y, Ma Y, Fu S, Zhang A. Facile construction of fluorescent C 70-COOH nanoparticles with advanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm photodynamic activity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112507. [PMID: 35810597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic antibacterial therapy has been considered as one of the most promising treatments to alleviate the spread of multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens. Given the hypoxic environment of infectious tissues, photosensitizers with reduced oxygen-demand could exhibit superiority upon irradiation. Herein reported is a novel C70-based photosensitizers synthesized by the facile one-step thiol-ene reaction. Various characterization techniques were employed to confirm the structural, photoluminescent properties, photostability and biocompatibility of the as-synthesized C70-COOH nanoparticles. Furthermore, they were capable of efficiently producing reactive oxygen species following both the type I and II mechanistic pathways, thus still generating adequate free radicals under hypoxic condition. Therefore, they could approach and destroy the bacterial cell membrane in the presence of visible light, thereby causing cytoplasmic leakage and eventually achieving broad-spectrum inactivation of four representative bacterial strains. Especially, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were completely eliminated after merely 10 minutes irradiation, and the formation of its corresponding biofilm were also greatly inhibited by C70-COOH nanoparticles. These results provide new insights and opportunities for the development of hypoxia-tolerant fullerene-based photosensitizers to combat multidrug resistant bacterial and related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yihan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Sheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
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14
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Hou W, Shi G, Wu S, Mo J, Shen L, Zhang X, Zhu Y. Application of Fullerenes as Photosensitizers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation: A Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:957698. [PMID: 35910649 PMCID: PMC9329950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.957698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) is a newly emerged treatment approach that can effectively address the issue of multidrug resistance resulting from the overuse of antibiotics. Fullerenes can be used as promising photosensitizers (PSs) for aPDI due to the advantages of high triplet state yields, good photostability, wide antibacterial spectrum, and permissibility of versatile functionalization. This review introduces the photodynamic activities of fullerenes and the up-to-date understanding of the antibacterial mechanisms of fullerene-based aPDI. The most recent works on the functionalization of fullerenes and the application of fullerene derivatives as PSs for aPDI are also summarized. Finally, certain remaining challenges are emphasized to provide guidance on future research directions for achieving clinical application of fullerene-based aPDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Hou
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guorui Shi
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Songze Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiayi Mo
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiuqiang Zhang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Hearing and Balance Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yabin Zhu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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15
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Fullerene C60 derivatives as antimicrobial photodynamic agents. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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He Y, Pang J, Yang Z, Zheng M, Yu Y, Liu Z, Zhao B, Hu G, Yin R. Toluidine blue O-induced photoinactivation inhibit the biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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The evolution of clinical guidelines for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of skin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:385-395. [PMID: 35132604 PMCID: PMC8821777 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy has become an important component in the treatment of human infection. This review considers historical guidelines, and the scientific literature to envisage what future clinical guidelines for treating skin infection might include. Antibiotic resistance, vertical and horizontal infection control strategies and a range of technologies effective in eradicating microbes without building up new resistance are described. The mechanism of action of these treatments and examples of their clinical use are also included. The research recommendations of NICE Guidelines on the dermatological manifestations of microbial infection were also reviewed to identify potential applications for PDT. The resistance of some microbes to antibiotics can be halted, or even reversed through the use of supplementary drugs, and so they are likely to persist as a treatment of infection. Conventional PDT will undoubtedly continue to be used for a range of skin conditions given existing healthcare infrastructure and a large evidence base. Daylight PDT may find broader antimicrobial applications than just Acne and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, and Ambulatory PDT devices could become popular in regions where resources are limited or daylight exposure is not possible or inappropriate. Nanotheranostics were found to be highly relevant, and often include PDT, however, new treatments and novel applications and combinations of existing treatments will be subject to Clinical Trials.
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18
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Maldonado-Carmona N, Ouk TS, Leroy-Lhez S. Latest trends on photodynamic disinfection of Gram-negative bacteria: photosensitizer's structure and delivery systems. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 21:113-145. [PMID: 34784052 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is threatening to overshadow last century's medical advances. Etiological agents of previously eradicated infectious diseases are now resurgent as multidrug-resistant strains, especially for Gram-negative strains. Finding new therapeutic solutions is a real challenge for our society. In this framework, Photodynamic Antimicrobial ChemoTherapy relies on the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species in the presence of light, oxygen, and a photosensitizer molecule. The use of reactive oxygen species is common for disinfection processes, using chemical agents, such as chlorine and hydrogen peroxide, and as they do not have a specific molecular target, it decreases the potential of tolerance to the antimicrobial treatment. However, light-driven generated reactive species result in an interesting alternative, as reactive species generation can be easily tuned with light irradiation and several PSs are known for their low environmental impact. Over the past few years, this topic has been thoroughly studied, exploring strategies based on single-molecule PSs (tetrapyrrolic compounds, dipyrrinate derivatives, metal complexes, etc.) or on conjunction with delivery systems. The present work describes some of the most relevant advances of the last 6 years, focusing on photosensitizers design, formulation, and potentiation, aiming for the disinfection of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Maldonado-Carmona
- PEIRENE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Limoges, 87060, Limoges, France.,Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tan-Sothea Ouk
- PEIRENE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Limoges, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Stéphanie Leroy-Lhez
- PEIRENE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Limoges, 87060, Limoges, France.
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19
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Sun H, Zhang J, Kong J, Yuan H, Liang Y, Chen K, Bai X, Chang Y, Li J, Xing G. Increased Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Microbacteria Fermentation Treated by Fullerenols. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:5352-5362. [PMID: 33875129 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fullerenol nanoparticles were found to significantly modulate the gut microbiota and selectively enrich the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production by adjusting the gut microbacteria in mice models. In this research, we screened the C. butyricum from seven strains and investigated the interactions and mechanism between the C. butyricum and fullerenol NPs in vitro fermentation. The results shows that fullerenol NPs increased the amounts of acetate and butyrate of C. butyricum without significant bacteria growth in the complete medium. The activities of the butyryl-CoA: acetate CoA transferase (BUT), which are the main pathway to produce butyrate, were reduced while the activities of the butyrate kinase (BUK) were enhanced simultaneously. Surprisingly, fullerenol NPs promoted the growth of C. butyricum and L. lactis in low glucose medium, but they could not be direct carbon source in the culture. Moreover, when cocultured with C. butyricum and the bifidobacterial strains in fullerenols, the biomass and acetate production of C. butyricum were markedly increased while butyrate was decreased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianglong Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuelan Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gengmei Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Ramos‐Soriano J, Pérez‐Sánchez A, Ramírez‐Barroso S, Illescas BM, Azmani K, Rodríguez‐Fortea A, Poblet JM, Hally C, Nonell S, García‐Fresnadillo D, Rojo J, Martín N. An Ultra‐Long‐Lived Triplet Excited State in Water at Room Temperature: Insights on the Molecular Design of Tridecafullerenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramos‐Soriano
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University Complutense of Madrid Avenida Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Alfonso Pérez‐Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University Complutense of Madrid Avenida Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Sergio Ramírez‐Barroso
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University Complutense of Madrid Avenida Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Beatriz M. Illescas
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University Complutense of Madrid Avenida Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Khalid Azmani
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry Rovira i Virgili University Marcel lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez‐Fortea
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry Rovira i Virgili University Marcel lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry Rovira i Virgili University Marcel lí Domingo 1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Cormac Hally
- Institut Químic de Sarrià Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - David García‐Fresnadillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University Complutense of Madrid Avenida Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, — Chemical Research Institute (IIQ) CSIC—Seville University Avenida Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University Complutense of Madrid Avenida Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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21
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Ramos‐Soriano J, Pérez‐Sánchez A, Ramírez‐Barroso S, Illescas BM, Azmani K, Rodríguez‐Fortea A, Poblet JM, Hally C, Nonell S, García‐Fresnadillo D, Rojo J, Martín N. An Ultra-Long-Lived Triplet Excited State in Water at Room Temperature: Insights on the Molecular Design of Tridecafullerenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16109-16118. [PMID: 33984168 PMCID: PMC8361972 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Suitably engineered molecular systems exhibiting triplet excited states with very long lifetimes are important for high-end applications in nonlinear optics, photocatalysis, or biomedicine. We report the finding of an ultra-long-lived triplet state with a mean lifetime of 93 ms in an aqueous phase at room temperature, measured for a globular tridecafullerene with a highly compact glycodendrimeric structure. A series of three tridecafullerenes bearing different glycodendrons and spacers to the C60 units have been synthesized and characterized. UV/Vis spectra and DLS experiments confirm their aggregation in water. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence experiments suggest a different degree of inner solvation of the multifullerenes depending on their molecular design. Efficient quenching of the triplet states by O2 but not by waterborne azide anions has been observed. Molecular modelling reveals dissimilar access of the aqueous phase to the internal structure of the tridecafullerenes, differently shielded by the glycodendrimeric shell.
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Grants
- CTQ2017-84327-P Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- CTQ2017-83531-R Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- CTQ2017-87269-P Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- CTQ2017-86265-P Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- CTQ2015-71896-REDT Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- CTQ2016-78454-C2-1-R Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- FPU fellowship Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- SEV-2016-0686 Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- 2017SGR629 Generalitat de Catalunya
- 2017 FI_B 00617 and 2018 FI_B1 00174 Generalitat de Catalunya
- ICREA ACADEMIA Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
- Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- Generalitat de Catalunya
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramos‐Soriano
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity Complutense of MadridAvenida Complutense28040MadridSpain
| | - Alfonso Pérez‐Sánchez
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity Complutense of MadridAvenida Complutense28040MadridSpain
| | - Sergio Ramírez‐Barroso
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity Complutense of MadridAvenida Complutense28040MadridSpain
| | - Beatriz M. Illescas
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity Complutense of MadridAvenida Complutense28040MadridSpain
| | - Khalid Azmani
- Department of Physical and Inorganic ChemistryRovira i Virgili UniversityMarcel lí Domingo 143007TarragonaSpain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez‐Fortea
- Department of Physical and Inorganic ChemistryRovira i Virgili UniversityMarcel lí Domingo 143007TarragonaSpain
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Department of Physical and Inorganic ChemistryRovira i Virgili UniversityMarcel lí Domingo 143007TarragonaSpain
| | - Cormac Hally
- Institut Químic de SarriàUniversitat Ramon LlullVia Augusta 39008017BarcelonaSpain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de SarriàUniversitat Ramon LlullVia Augusta 39008017BarcelonaSpain
| | - David García‐Fresnadillo
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity Complutense of MadridAvenida Complutense28040MadridSpain
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, —Chemical Research Institute (IIQ) CSIC—Seville UniversityAvenida Américo Vespucio 4941092SevillaSpain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity Complutense of MadridAvenida Complutense28040MadridSpain
- IMDEA Nanoscience InstituteC/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
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22
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Espitia-Almeida F, Díaz-Uribe C, Vallejo W, Peña O, Gómez-Camargo D, Bohórquez ARR, Zarate X, Schott E. Photodynamic effect of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin and (Zn2+ and Sn4+) derivatives against Leishmania spp in the promastigote stage: experimental and DFT study. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Agazzi ML, Durantini JE, Quiroga ED, Alvarez MG, Durantini EN. A novel tricationic fullerene C 60 as broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizer: mechanisms of action and potentiation with potassium iodide. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:327-341. [PMID: 33721278 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel amphiphilic photosensitizing agent based on a tricationic fullerene C60 (DMC603+) was efficiently synthesized from its non-charged analogue MMC60. These fullerenes presented strong UV absorptions, with a broad range of less intense absorption up to 710 nm. Both compounds showed low fluorescence emission and were able to photosensitize the production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, photodecomposition of L-tryptophan sensitized by both fullerenes indicated an involvement of type II pathway. DMC603+ was an effective agent to produce the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Mechanistic insight indicated that the photodynamic action sensitized by DMC603+ was mainly mediated by both photoprocesses in bacteria, while a greater preponderance of the type II pathway was found in C. albicans. In presence of potassium iodide, a potentiation of PDI was observed due to the formation of reactive iodine species. Therefore, the amphiphilic DMC603+ can be used as an effective potential broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano L Agazzi
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier E Durantini
- IITEMA-CONICET Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel D Quiroga
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Gabriela Alvarez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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24
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Covalent and non-covalent systems based on s-, p-, and d-metal macroheterocyclic complexes and fullerenes. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy employs nontoxic dyes called photosensitizers (PS) that are excited by visible light of the correct wavelength to produce a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by an interaction between the long-lived PS triplet states with ambient oxygen. The most important type of ROS in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is singlet oxygen, which is produced by a Type II energy transfer process. On the other hand, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals can be produced by a Type I electron transfer process. This chapter describes a set of fluorescent probes that can be used to tease apart these different ROS produced when various PS are illuminated in solution. Singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) is used for singlet oxygen, 4-hydroxyphenyl-fluorescein (HPF) for hydroxyl radicals, Amplex Red for hydrogen peroxide, and nitroblue-tetrazolium or XTT for superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulbha K Sharma
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bekmukhametova A, Ruprai H, Hook JM, Mawad D, Houang J, Lauto A. Photodynamic therapy with nanoparticles to combat microbial infection and resistance. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:21034-21059. [PMID: 33078823 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04540c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens are rapidly increasing in incidence and pose an urgent global health concern. New treatments are needed to address this critical situation while preventing further resistance acquired by the pathogens. One promising approach is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT), a technique that selectively damages pathogenic cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have been deliberately produced by light-activated chemical reactions via a photosensitiser. There are currently some limitations to its wider deployment, including aggregation, hydrophobicity, and sub-optimal penetration capabilities of the photosensitiser, all of which decrease the production of ROS and lead to reduced therapeutic performance. In combination with nanoparticles, however, these challenges may be overcome. Their small size, functionalisable structure, and large contact surface allow a high degree of internalization by cellular membranes and tissue barriers. In this review, we first summarise the mechanism of PDT action and the interaction between nanoparticles and the cell membrane. We then introduce the categorisation of nanoparticles in PDT, acting as nanocarriers, photosensitising molecules, and transducers, in which we highlight their use against a range of bacterial and fungal pathogens. We also compare the antimicrobial efficiency of nanoparticles to unbound photosensitisers and examine the relevant safety considerations. Finally, we discuss the use of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems in clinical applications of antimicrobial PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herleen Ruprai
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia.
| | - James M Hook
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jessica Houang
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia and Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research Group, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia. and Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research Group, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
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Antimicrobial Photoinactivation Approach Based on Natural Agents for Control of Bacteria Biofilms in Spacecraft. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186932. [PMID: 32967302 PMCID: PMC7554952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A spacecraft is a confined system that is inhabited by a changing microbial consortium, mostly originating from life-supporting devices, equipment collected in pre-flight conditions, and crewmembers. Continuous monitoring of the spacecraft’s bioburden employing culture-based and molecular methods has shown the prevalence of various taxa, with human skin-associated microorganisms making a substantial contribution to the spacecraft microbiome. Microorganisms in spacecraft can prosper not only in planktonic growth mode but can also form more resilient biofilms that pose a higher risk to crewmembers’ health and the material integrity of the spacecraft’s equipment. Moreover, bacterial biofilms in space conditions are characterized by faster formation and acquisition of resistance to chemical and physical effects than under the same conditions on Earth, making most decontamination methods unsafe. There is currently no reported method available to combat biofilm formation in space effectively and safely. However, antibacterial photodynamic inactivation based on natural photosensitizers, which is reviewed in this work, seems to be a promising method.
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Balhaddad AA, Garcia IM, Ibrahim MS, Rolim JPML, Gomes EAB, Martinho FC, Collares FM, Xu H, Melo MAS. Prospects on Nano-Based Platforms for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Against Oral Biofilms. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 38:481-496. [PMID: 32716697 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This review clusters the growing field of nano-based platforms for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) targeting pathogenic oral biofilms and increase interactions between dental researchers and investigators in many related fields. Background data: Clinically relevant disinfection of dental tissues is difficult to achieve with aPDT alone. It has been found that limited penetrability into soft and hard dental tissues, diffusion of the photosensitizers, and the small light absorption coefficient are contributing factors. As a result, the effectiveness of aPDT is reduced in vivo applications. To overcome limitations, nanotechnology has been implied to enhance the penetration and delivery of photosensitizers to target microorganisms and increase the bactericidal effect. Materials and methods: The current literature was screened for the various platforms composed of photosensitizers functionalized with nanoparticles and their enhanced performance against oral pathogenic biofilms. Results: The evidence-based findings from the up-to-date literature were promising to control the onset and the progression of dental biofilm-triggered diseases such as dental caries, endodontic infections, and periodontal diseases. The antimicrobial effects of aPDT with nano-based platforms on oral bacterial disinfection will help to advance the design of combination strategies that increase the rate of complete and durable clinical response in oral infections. Conclusions: There is enthusiasm about the potential of nano-based platforms to treat currently out of the reach pathogenic oral biofilms. Much of the potential exists because these nano-based platforms use unique mechanisms of action that allow us to overcome the challenging of intra-oral and hard-tissue disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isadora M Garcia
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Salem Ibrahim
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juliana P M L Rolim
- Department of Dentistry, Christus University Center (Unichristus), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Edison A B Gomes
- Department of Dentistry, Christus University Center (Unichristus), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Frederico C Martinho
- Endodontic Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fabricio M Collares
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hockin Xu
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Anne S Melo
- PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Dharmaratne P, Sapugahawatte DN, Wang B, Chan CL, Lau KM, Lau CB, Fung KP, Ng DK, Ip M. Contemporary approaches and future perspectives of antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): A systematic review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112341. [PMID: 32505848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causing skin and soft tissue infections in both the community and healthcare settings challenges the limited options of effective antibiotics and motivates the search for alternative therapeutic solutions, such as antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). While many publications have described the promising anti-bacterial activities of PDT in vitro, its applications in vivo and in the clinic have been very limited. This limited availability may in part be due to variabilities in the selected photosensitizing agents (PS), the variable testing conditions used to examine anti-bacterial activities and their effectiveness in treating MRSA infections. We thus sought to systematically review and examine the evidence from existing studies on aPDT associated with MRSA and to critically appraise its current state of development and areas to be addressed in future studies. In 2018, we developed and registered a review protocol in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with registration No: CRD42018086736. Three bibliographical databases were consulted (PUBMED, MEDLINE, and EMBASE), and a total of 113 studies were included in this systematic review based on our eligibility criteria. Many variables, such as the use of a wide range of solvents, pre-irradiation times, irradiation times, light sources and light doses, have been used in the methods reported by researchers, which significantly affect the inter-study comparability and results. On another note, new approaches of linking immunoglobulin G (IgG), antibodies, efflux pump inhibitors, and bacteriophages with photosensitizers (PSs) and the incorporation of PSs into nano-scale delivery systems exert a direct effect on improving aPDT. Enhanced activities have also been achieved by optimizing the physicochemical properties of the PSs, such as the introduction of highly lipophilic, poly-cationic and site-specific modifications of the compounds. However, few in vivo studies (n = 17) have been conducted to translate aPDT into preclinical studies. We anticipate that further standardization of the experimental conditions and assessing the efficacy in vivo would allow this technology to be further applied in preclinical trials, so that aPDT would develop to become a sustainable, alternative therapeutic option against MRSA infection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanga Dharmaratne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China.
| | | | - Baiyan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China.
| | - Chung Lap Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kit-Man Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
| | - Clara Bs Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwok Pui Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China; CUHK-Zhejiang University Joint Laboratory on Natural Products and Toxicology Research, China.
| | - Dennis Kp Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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Nano-carbons in biosensor applications: an overview of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fullerenes (C60). SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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31
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Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Oxygen-Independent Antimicrobial Photoinactivation: Type III Photochemical Mechanism? Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9020053. [PMID: 32023978 PMCID: PMC7168166 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the early work of the 1900s it has been axiomatic that photodynamic action requires the presence of sufficient ambient oxygen. The Type I photochemical pathway involves electron transfer reactions leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals), while the Type II pathway involves energy transfer from the PS (photosensitizer) triplet state, leading to production of reactive singlet oxygen. The purpose of the present review is to highlight the possibility of oxygen-independent photoinactivation leading to the killing of pathogenic bacteria, which may be termed the "Type III photochemical pathway". Psoralens can be photoactivated by ultraviolet A (UVA) light to produce DNA monoadducts and inter-strand cross-links that kill bacteria and may actually be more effective in the absence of oxygen. Tetracyclines can function as light-activated antibiotics, working by a mixture of oxygen-dependent and oxygen independent pathways. Again, covalent adducts may be formed in bacterial ribosomes. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation can be potentiated by addition of several different inorganic salts, and in the case of potassium iodide and sodium azide, bacterial killing can be achieved in the absence of oxygen. The proposed mechanism involves photoinduced electron transfer that produces reactive inorganic radicals. These new approaches might be useful to treat anaerobic infections or infections in hypoxic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
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32
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Agazzi ML, Almodovar VAS, Gsponer NS, Bertolotti S, Tomé AC, Durantini EN. Diketopyrrolopyrrole–fullerene C60 architectures as highly efficient heavy atom-free photosensitizers: synthesis, photophysical properties and photodynamic activity. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1449-1461. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02487e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New diketopyrrolopyrrole–C60 architectures were synthesized as potential heavy atom-free photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano L. Agazzi
- IDAS-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
| | | | - Natalia S. Gsponer
- IDAS-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
| | - Sonia Bertolotti
- IDAS-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
| | - Augusto C. Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Edgardo N. Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
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33
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Yin H, Wang M, Tan LS, Chiang LY. Synthesis and Intramolecular Energy- and Electron-Transfer of 3D-Conformeric Tris(fluorenyl-[60]fullerenylfluorene) Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183337. [PMID: 31540264 PMCID: PMC6766839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New 3D conformers were synthesized to show a nanomolecular configuration with geometrically branched 2-diphenylaminofluorene (DPAF-C2M) chromophores using a symmetrical 1,3,5-triaminobenzene ring as the center core for the connection of three fused DPAF-C2M moieties. The design led to a class of cis-cup-tris[(DPAF-C2M)-C60(>DPAF-C9)] 3D conformers with three bisadduct-analogous <C60> cages per nanomolecule facing at the same side of the geometrical molecular cis-cup-shape structure. A sequential synthetic route was described to afford this 3D configurated conformer in a high yield with various spectroscopic characterizations. In principle, a nanostructure with a non-coplanar 3D configuration in design should minimize the direct contact or π-stacking of fluorene rings with each other during molecular packing to the formation of fullerosome array. It may also prevent the self-quenching effect of its photoexcited states in solids. Photophysical properties of this cis-cup-conformer were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Loon-Seng Tan
- Functional Materials Division, AFRL/RXA, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA.
| | - Long Y Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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34
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Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Tetracyclines: light-activated antibiotics? Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2427-2445. [PMID: 31544504 PMCID: PMC6785754 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracyclines are well established antibiotics but show phototoxicity as a side effect. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation uses nontoxic dyes combined with harmless light to destroy microbial cells by reactive oxygen species. Tetracyclines (demeclocycline and doxycycline) can act as light-activated antibiotics by binding to bacterial cells and killing them only upon illumination. The remaining tetracyclines can prevent bacterial regrowth after illumination has ceased. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation can be potentiated by potassium iodide. Azide quenched the formation of iodine, but not hydrogen peroxide. Demeclotetracycline (but not doxycycline) iodinated tyrosine after light activation in the presence of potassium iodide. Bacteria are killed by photoactivation of tetracyclines in the absence of oxygen. Since topical tetracyclines are already used clinically, blue light activation may increase the bactericidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard – MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Gauteng, South Africa
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Qi M, Chi M, Sun X, Xie X, Weir MD, Oates TW, Zhou Y, Wang L, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Novel nanomaterial-based antibacterial photodynamic therapies to combat oral bacterial biofilms and infectious diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6937-6956. [PMID: 31695368 PMCID: PMC6718167 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s212807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases such as tooth caries, periodontal diseases, endodontic infections, etc., are prevalent worldwide. The heavy burden of oral infectious diseases and their consequences on the patients' quality of life indicates a strong need for developing effective therapies. Advanced understandings of such oral diseases, e.g., inflammatory periodontal lesions, have raised the demand for antibacterial therapeutic strategies, because these diseases are caused by viruses and bacteria. The application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on oral infectious diseases has attracted tremendous interest in the past decade. However, aPDT had a minimal effect on the viability of organized biofilms due to the hydrophobic nature of the majority of the photosensitizers (PSs). Therefore, novel nanotechnologies were rapidly developed to target the delivery of hydrophobic PSs into microorganisms for the antimicrobial performance improvement of aPDT. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of nanomaterials applications in aPDT against oral infectious diseases. The first part of this article focuses on the cutting-edge research on the synthesis, toxicity, and therapeutic effects of various forms of nanomaterials serving as PS carriers for aPDT applications. The second part discusses nanomaterials applications for aPDT in treatments of oral diseases. These novel bioactive nanomaterials have demonstrated great potential to serve as carriers for PSs to substantially enhance the PDT therapeutic effects. Furthermore, the novel aPDT applications not only have exciting therapeutic potential to inhibit bacterial plaque-initiated oral diseases, but also have a wide applicability to other biomedical and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Qi
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minghan Chi
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun130021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hockin HK Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201, USA
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Jia Q, Song Q, Li P, Huang W. Rejuvenated Photodynamic Therapy for Bacterial Infections. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900608. [PMID: 31240867 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial strains has hastened the exploration of advanced microbicides and antibacterial techniques. Photodynamic antibacterial therapy (PDAT), an old-fashioned technique, has been rejuvenated to combat "superbugs" and biofilm-associated infections owing to its excellent characteristics of noninvasiveness and broad antibacterial spectrum. More importantly, bacteria are less likely to produce drug resistance to PDAT because it does not require specific targeting interaction between photosensitizers (PSs) and bacteria. This review mainly focuses on recent developments and future prospects of PDAT. The mechanisms of PDAT against bacteria and biofilms are briefly introduced. In addition to classical macrocyclic PSs, several innovative PSs, including non-self-quenching PSs, conjugated polymer-based PSs, and nano-PSs, are summarized in detail. Numerous multifunctional PDAT systems such as in situ light-activated PDAT, stimuli-responsive PDAT, oxygen self-enriching enhanced PDAT, and PDAT-based multimodal therapy are highlighted to overcome the inherent defects of PDAT in vivo (e.g., limited penetration depth of light and hypoxic environment of infectious sites).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Jia
- Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Qing Song
- Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Peng Li
- Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Wei Huang
- Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
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Zhang J, Xu J, Ma H, Bai H, Liu L, Shu C, Li H, Wang S, Wang C. Designing an Amino-Fullerene Derivative C 70-(EDA) 8 to Fight Superbacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14597-14607. [PMID: 30938506 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Along with the rapid appearance of superbacteria with multidrug resistance, it is a challenge to develop new antibacterial materials to address this big issue. Herein, we report a novel amine group-modified fullerene derivative (C70-(ethylenediamine)8 abrr. C70-(EDA)8), which reveals a high performance in killing superbacteria, and most importantly, it shows negligible toxicity to the mammalian cells. The strong antibacterial ability of this material was attributed to its unique molecular structure. On one hand, amino groups on the EDA part make it easy to affix onto the outer membrane of multidrug resistance Escherichia coli by electrostatic interactions. On the other hand, the hydrophobic surface on the C70 part makes it easy to form a strong hydrophobic interaction with the inner membrane of bacteria. Finally, C70-(EDA)8 leads to the cytoplast leakage of superbacteria. In contrast, the C70-(EDA)8 is nontoxic for mammalian cells due to different distributions of the negative charges in the cell membrane. In vivo studies indicated that C70-(EDA)8 mitigated bacterial infection and accelerated wound healing by regulating the immune response and secretion of growth factors. Our amine group-based fullerene derivatives are promising for clinical treatment of wound infection and offer a new way to fight against the superbacteria.
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Huang YY, Rajda PJ, Szewczyk G, Bhayana B, Chiang LY, Sarna T, Hamblin MR. Sodium nitrite potentiates antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation: possible involvement of peroxynitrate. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:505-515. [PMID: 30534721 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00452h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that a wide range of different inorganic salts can potentiate antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) and TiO2-mediated antimicrobial photocatalysis. Potentiation has been shown with azide, bromide, thiocyanate, selenocyanate, and most strongly, with iodide. Here we show that sodium nitrite can also potentiate broad-spectrum aPDI killing of Gram-positive MRSA and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. Literature reports have previously shown that two photosensitizers (PS), methylene blue (MB) and riboflavin, when excited by broad-band light in the presence of nitrite could lead to tyrosine nitration. Addition of up to 100 mM nitrite gave 6 logs of extra killing in the case of Rose Bengal excited by green light against E. coli, and 2 logs of extra killing against MRSA (eradication in both cases). Comparable results were obtained for other PS (TPPS4 + blue light and MB + red light). Some bacterial killing was obtained when bacteria were added after light using a functionalized fullerene (LC15) + nitrite + blue light, and tyrosine ester amide was nitrated using both "in" and "after" modes with all four PS. The mechanism could involve formation of peroxynitrate by a reaction between superoxide radicals and nitrogen dioxide radicals; formation of the latter species was demonstrated by spin trapping with nitromethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paweł J Rajda
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Brijesh Bhayana
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Long Y Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Vil’ VA, Gorlov ES, Bityukov OV, Krylov IB, Nikishin GI, Pivnitsky KK, Terent’ev AO. Oxidative C–O coupling as a new idea in the ‘click-like chemistry’: malonyl peroxides for the conjugation of two molecules. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Can light-based approaches overcome antimicrobial resistance? Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:48-67. [PMID: 30070718 PMCID: PMC6359990 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The relentless rise of antibiotic resistance is considered one of the most serious problems facing mankind. This mini-review will cover three cutting-edge approaches that use light-based techniques to kill antibiotic-resistant microbial species, and treat localized infections. First, we will discuss antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation using rationally designed photosensitizes combined with visible light, with the added possibility of strong potentiation by inorganic salts such as potassium iodide. Second, the use of blue and violet light alone that activates endogenous photoactive porphyrins within the microbial cells. Third, it is used for "safe UVC" at wavelengths between 200 nm and 230 nm that can kill microbial cells without damaging host mammalian cells. We have gained evidence that all these approaches can kill multidrug resistant bacteria in vitro, and they do not induce themselves any resistance, and moreover can treat animal models of localized infections caused by resistant species that can be monitored by noninvasive bioluminescence imaging. Light-based antimicrobial approaches are becoming a growing translational part of anti-infective treatments in the current age of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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Huang L, Xuan W, Sarna T, Hamblin MR. Comparison of thiocyanate and selenocyanate for potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800092. [PMID: 29885019 PMCID: PMC6286685 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by different photosensitizers (PS) can be potentiated by a variety of inorganic salts. Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) potentiated aPDT mediated by methylene blue (MB), while potassium selenocyanate (KSeCN) potentiated aPDT mediated by MB, Rose Bengal and the anionic porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin dihydrochloride. However, the mechanisms of action that were proposed were fundamentally different. In the present study, we compare these two salts (KSCN and KSeCN) with different light-activated PS and different oxidative reactions for killing gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Overall KSeCN was more powerful than KSCN, and worked with a wider range of PS, while KSCN only worked with phenothiazinium salts. KSeCN produced killing when cells were added after light suggesting production of a semistable species called selenocyanogen (SeCN)2 . We tested three different oxidative reactions that can all potentially kill bacteria: lead tetraacetate (Pb[OAc]4 ); Fenton reagent (hydrogen peroxide [H2 O2 ] and ferrous sulfate) H2 O2 and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In every case, KSeCN was substantially more effective (several logs) than KSCN in potentiating the bacterial killing. We conclude that (SeCN)2 is the mediator for aPDT using KSeCN, while sulfur trioxide radical anion is the mediator for KSCN using phenothiaziums. For H2 O2 /HRP with KSCN, hypothiocyanite is proposed to be the antibacterial agent in the literature, while hyposelenocyanite is said not to exist. Pb[OAc]4 is known to produce (SeCN)2 from KSeCN as well as the analogous (SCN)2 from KSCN. The mediators from Fenton reaction are unclear (pseudohalogen radical ions?) Both KSCN (which occurs naturally in the human body) and KSeCN may be clinically applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated
Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Weijun Xuan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery,
First Clinical Medical College and Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,
Nanning, China
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry,
Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology,
Cambridge, MA, USA
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Díaz-Uribe C, Rodriguez-Serrano A, López M, Schott E, Muñoz A, Zarate X. Singlet oxygen photogeneration by ethanolic extract of Syzygium cumini fruits: Theoretical elucidation through excited states computations. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Inorganic Salts and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Mechanistic Conundrums? Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123190. [PMID: 30514001 PMCID: PMC6321187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently discovered that the photodynamic action of many different photosensitizers (PSs) can be dramatically potentiated by addition of a solution containing a range of different inorganic salts. Most of these studies have centered around antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation that kills Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in suspension. Addition of non-toxic water-soluble salts during illumination can kill up to six additional logs of bacterial cells (one million-fold improvement). The PSs investigated range from those that undergo mainly Type I photochemical mechanisms (electron transfer to produce superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals), such as phenothiazinium dyes, fullerenes, and titanium dioxide, to those that are mainly Type II (energy transfer to produce singlet oxygen), such as porphyrins, and Rose Bengal. At one extreme of the salts is sodium azide, that quenches singlet oxygen but can produce azide radicals (presumed to be highly reactive) via electron transfer from photoexcited phenothiazinium dyes. Potassium iodide is oxidized to molecular iodine by both Type I and Type II PSs, but may also form reactive iodine species. Potassium bromide is oxidized to hypobromite, but only by titanium dioxide photocatalysis (Type I). Potassium thiocyanate appears to require a mixture of Type I and Type II photochemistry to first produce sulfite, that can then form the sulfur trioxide radical anion. Potassium selenocyanate can react with either Type I or Type II (or indeed with other oxidizing agents) to produce the semi-stable selenocyanogen (SCN)2. Finally, sodium nitrite may react with either Type I or Type II PSs to produce peroxynitrate (again, semi-stable) that can kill bacteria and nitrate tyrosine. Many of these salts (except azide) are non-toxic, and may be clinically applicable.
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Xuan W, He Y, Huang L, Huang YY, Bhayana B, Xi L, Gelfand JA, Hamblin MR. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Tetracyclines in Vitro and in Vivo: Photochemical Mechanisms and Potentiation by Potassium Iodide. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17130. [PMID: 30459451 PMCID: PMC6244358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracyclines (including demeclocycline, DMCT, or doxycycline, DOTC) represent a class of dual-action antibacterial compounds, which can act as antibiotics in the dark, and also as photosensitizers under illumination with blue or UVA light. It is known that tetracyclines are taken up inside bacterial cells where they bind to ribosomes. In the present study, we investigated the photochemical mechanism: Type 1 (hydroxyl radicals); Type 2 (singlet oxygen); or Type 3 (oxygen independent). Moreover, we asked whether addition of potassium iodide (KI) could potentiate the aPDI activity of tetracyclines. High concentrations of KI (200–400 mM) strongly potentiated (up to 5 logs of extra killing) light-mediated killing of Gram-negative Escherichia coli or Gram-positive MRSA (although the latter was somewhat less susceptible). KI potentiation was still apparent after a washing step showing that the iodide could penetrate the E. coli cells where the tetracycline had bound. When cells were added to the tetracycline + KI mixture after light, killing was observed in the case of E. coli showing formation of free molecular iodine. Addition of azide quenched the formation of iodine but not hydrogen peroxide. DMCT but not DOTC iodinated tyrosine. Both E. coli and MRSA could be killed by tetracyclines plus light in the absence of oxygen and this killing was not quenched by azide. A mouse model of a superficial wound infection caused by bioluminescent E. coli could be treated by topical application of DMCT and blue light and bacterial regrowth did not occur owing to the continued anti biotic activity of the tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Xuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, First Clinical Medical College and Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ya He
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyi Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brijesh Bhayana
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liyan Xi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jeffrey A Gelfand
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Hamblin MR. Fullerenes as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy: pros and cons. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1515-1533. [PMID: 30043032 PMCID: PMC6224300 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00195b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One class of carbon nanomaterials is the closed cages known as fullerenes. The first member to be discovered in 1985 was C60, called "buckminsterfullerene" as its cage structure resembled a geodesic dome. Due to their extended π-conjugation they absorb visible light, possess a high triplet yield and can generate reactive oxygen species upon illumination, suggesting a possible role of fullerenes in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Pristine C60 is highly hydrophobic and prone to aggregation, necessitating functionalization to provide aqueous solubility and biocompatibility. The most common functional groups attached are anionic (carboxylic or sulfonic acids) or cationic (various quaternary ammonium groups). Depending on the functionalization, these fullerenes can be designed to be taken up into cancer cells, or to bind to microbial cells (Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi). Fullerenes can be excited with a wide range of wavelengths, UVA, blue, green or white light. We have reported a series of functionalized fullerenes (C60, C70, C82) with attached polycationic chains and additional light-harvesting antennae that can be used in vitro and in animal models of localized infections. Advantages of fullerenes as photosensitizers are: (a) versatile functionalization; (b) light-harvesting antennae; (c) ability to undergo Type 1, 2, and 3 photochemistry; (d) electron transfer can lead to oxygen-independent photokilling; (e) antimicrobial activity can be potentiated by inorganic salts; (f) can self-assemble into supramolecular fullerosomes; (g) components of theranostic nanoparticles; (h) high resistance to photobleaching. Disadvantages include: (a) highly hydrophobic and prone to aggregation; (b) overall short wavelength absorption; (c) relatively high molecular weight; (d) paradoxically can be anti-oxidants; (e) lack of fluorescence emission for imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Huang L, Bhayana B, Xuan W, Sanchez RP, McCulloch BJ, Lalwani S, Hamblin MR. Comparison of two functionalized fullerenes for antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation: Potentiation by potassium iodide and photochemical mechanisms. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2018; 186:197-206. [PMID: 30075425 PMCID: PMC6118214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new fullerene (BB4-PPBA) functionalized with a tertiary amine and carboxylic acid was prepared and compared with BB4 (cationic quaternary group) for antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI). BB4 was highly active against Gram-positive methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and BB4-PPBA was moderately active when activated by blue light. Neither compound showed much activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli or fungus Candida albicans. Therefore, we examined potentiation by addition of potassium iodide. Both compounds were highly potentiated by KI (1-6 extra logs of killing). BB4-PPBA was potentiated more than BB4 against MRSA and E. coli, while for C. albicans the reverse was the case. Addition of azide potentiated aPDI mediated by BB4 against MRSA, but abolished the potentiation caused by KI with both compounds. The killing ability after light decayed after 24 h in the case of BB4, implying a contribution from hypoiodite as well as free iodine. Tyrosine was readily iodinated with BB4-PPBA plus KI, but less so with BB4. We conclude that the photochemical mechanisms of these two fullerenes are different. BB4-PPBA is more Type 2 (singlet oxygen) while BB4 is more Type 1 (electron transfer). There is also a possibility of direct bacterial killing by electron transfer, but this will require more study to prove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brijesh Bhayana
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weijun Xuan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, First Clinical Medical College and Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | | | | | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Huang L, Wang M, Huang YY, El-Hussein A, Wolf LM, Chiang LY, Hamblin MR. Progressive cationic functionalization of chlorin derivatives for antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation and related vancomycin conjugates. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:638-651. [PMID: 29701222 PMCID: PMC5955822 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00389g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
It is known that multiple cationic charges are required to produce broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizers (PS) for photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) or photodynamic therapy of bacteria and fungi. In the present study we describe the synthesis and aPDI testing of a set of derivatives prepared from the parent pheophytin molecule with different numbers of attached side arms (1-3) each consisting of five quaternized cationic groups (pentacationic), producing the corresponding [Zn2+]pheophorbide-a-N(C2N+C1C3)5 (Zn-Phe-N5+, 5 charges), [Zn2+]chlorin e6-[N(C2N+C1C3)5]2 (Zn-Chl-N10+, 10 charges) and [Zn2+]mesochlorin e6-[N(C2N+C1C3)5]3 (Zn-mChl-N15+, 15 charges). Moreover, a conjugate between Zn-Phe-N5+ and the antibiotic vancomycin called Van-[Zn2+]-m-pheophorbide-N(C2N+C1C3)5 (Van-Zn-mPhe-N5+) was also prepared. The aPDI activities of all compounds were based on Type-II photochemistry (1O2 generation). We tested these compounds against Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Gram-negative Escherichia coli, and the fungal yeast Candida albicans. All three compounds were highly active against MRSA, giving eradication (≥6 logs of killing) with <1.0 μM and 10 J cm-2 of 415 nm light. The order of activity was Zn-Phe-N5+ > Zn-Chl-N10+ > Zn-mChl-N15+. In the case of E coli the activity was much lower (eradication was only possible with 50 μM Zn-mChl-N15+ and 20 J cm-2). The order of activity was the reverse of that found with MRSA (Zn-mChl-N15+ > Zn-Chl-N10+ > Zn-Phe-N5+). Activity against C. albicans was similar to E. coli with Zn-mChl-N15+ giving eradication. The activity of Van-Zn-mPhe-N5+ was generally lower than that of Zn-Phe-N5+ (except for E. coli). Red (660 nm) light was also effective as might be expected from the absorption spectra. An initial finding that Van-Zn-mPhe-N5+ might have higher activity against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus fecium (VRE) strains (compared to vancomycin sensitive strains) was disproved when it was found that VRE strains were also more sensitive to aPDI with Zn-Phe-N5+. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Van-Zn-mPhe-N5+ were higher than those of Van alone, showing that the antibiotic properties of the Van moiety were lessened in the conjugate. In conclusion, Zn-Phe-N5+ is a highly active PS against Gram-positive species and deserves further testing. Increasing the number of cationic charges increased aPDI efficacy on C. albicans and Gram-negative E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ahmed El-Hussein
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA and The National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science (NILES), Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Lawrence M Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.
| | - Long Y Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Misba L, Khan AU. Enhanced photodynamic therapy using light fractionation against Streptococcus mutans biofilm: type I and type II mechanism. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:437-454. [PMID: 29469615 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of the study was to look the efficacy of fractionated light against Streptococcus mutans biofilm. MATERIALS & METHODS Antibiofilm assays (crystal violet, congo red), electron microscopic, confocal and spectroscopic studies were performed to check the effect of fractionated light. RESULTS 6-6.5 log10 reduction of planktonic and 3.6-4.2 log10 reduction in biofilm were observed after irradiation with fractionated as compared with continuous light. Increased permeability to propidium iodide and leakage of cellular constituent validate the greater antibiofilm effect of fractionated light. Spectroscopic studies confirmed the relative contribution of type I and type II photochemistry. CONCLUSION Phenothiazinium dyes have a potential against bacterial biofilm in combination with light fractionation and it offers new opportunities to explore its clinical implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Misba
- Medical Microbiology & Molecular Biology Lab., Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Asad U Khan
- Medical Microbiology & Molecular Biology Lab., Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Li J, Lei R, Li X, Xiong F, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Yang S, Chang Y, Chen K, Gu W, Wu C, Xing G. The antihyperlipidemic effects of fullerenol nanoparticles via adjusting the gut microbiota in vivo. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:5. [PMID: 29343276 PMCID: PMC5773151 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles (NPs) administered orally will meet the gut microbiota, but their impacts on microbiota homeostasis and the consequent physiological relevance remain largely unknown. Here, we describe the modulatory effects and the consequent pharmacological outputs of two orally administered fullerenols NPs (Fol1 C60(OH)7(O)8 and Fol113 C60(OH)11(O)6) on gut microbiota. RESULTS Administration of Fol1 and Fol113 NPs for 4 weeks largely shifted the overall structure of gut microbiota in mice. The bacteria belonging to putative short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing genera were markedly increased by both NPs, especially Fol1. Dynamic analysis showed that major SCFAs-producers and key butyrate-producing gene were significantly enriched after treatment for 7-28 days. The fecal contents of SCFAs were consequently increased, which was accompanied by significant decreases of triglycerides and total cholesterol levels in the blood and liver, with Fol1 superior to Fol113. Under cultivation in vitro, fullerenols NPs can be degraded by gut flora and exhibited a similar capacity of inulin to promote SCFA-producing genera. The differential effects of Fol1 and Fol113 NPs on the microbiome may be attributable to their subtly varied surface structures. CONCLUSIONS The two fullerenol NPs remarkably modulate the gut microbiota and selectively enrich SCFA-producing bacteria, which may be an important reason for their anti-hyperlipidemic effect in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Runhong Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Li
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengxia Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Quanyang Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shengmei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanan Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weihong Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chongming Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Gengmei Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
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Hally C, Rodríguez-Amigo B, Bresolí-Obach R, Planas O, Nos J, Boix-Garriga E, Ruiz-González R, Nonell S. Photodynamic Therapy. THERANOSTICS AND IMAGE GUIDED DRUG DELIVERY 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788010597-00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a clinical technique for the treatment of cancers, microbial infections and other medical conditions by means of light-induced generation of reactive oxygen species using photosensitising drugs. The intrinsic fluorescence of many such drugs make them potential theranostic agents for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy. This chapter reviews the basic chemical and biological aspects of photodynamic therapy with an emphasis on its applications in theranostics. The roles of nanotechnology is highlighted, as well as emerging trends such as photoimmunotherapy, image-guided surgery and light- and singlet-oxygen dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac Hally
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Roger Bresolí-Obach
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Oriol Planas
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Jaume Nos
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ester Boix-Garriga
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne Geneva Switzerland
| | - Rubén Ruiz-González
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
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