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Zhou L. Homocysteine and Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14420. [PMID: 37641911 PMCID: PMC10848096 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an important metabolite in methionine metabolism. When the metabolic pathway of homocysteine is abnormal, it will accumulate in the body and eventually lead to hyperhomocysteinemia. In recent years, many studies have found that hyperhomocysteinemia is related to the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease. This study reviews the roles of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and illustrates the harmful effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zhou
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
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2
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Corona-Trejo A, Gonsebatt ME, Trejo-Solis C, Campos-Peña V, Quintas-Granados LI, Villegas-Vázquez EY, Daniel Reyes-Hernández O, Hernández-Abad VJ, Figueroa-González G, Silva-Adaya D. Transsulfuration pathway: a targeting neuromodulator in Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:915-932. [PMID: 37409540 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The transsulfuration pathway (TSP) is a metabolic pathway involving sulfur transfer from homocysteine to cysteine. Transsulfuration pathway leads to many sulfur metabolites, principally glutathione, H2S, taurine, and cysteine. Key enzymes of the TSP, such as cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase, are essential regulators at multiple levels in this pathway. TSP metabolites are implicated in many physiological processes in the central nervous system and other tissues. TSP is important in controlling sulfur balance and optimal cellular functions such as glutathione synthesis. Alterations in the TSP and related pathways (transmethylation and remethylation) are altered in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, suggesting their participation in the pathophysiology and progression of these diseases. In Parkinson's disease many cellular processes are comprised mainly those that regulate redox homeostasis, inflammation, reticulum endoplasmic stress, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and sulfur content metabolites of TSP are involved in these damage processes. Current research on the transsulfuration pathway in Parkinson's disease has primarily focused on the synthesis and function of certain metabolites, particularly glutathione. However, our understanding of the regulation of other metabolites of the transsulfuration pathway, as well as their relationships with other metabolites, and their synthesis regulation in Parkinson´s disease remain limited. Thus, this paper highlights the importance of studying the molecular dynamics in different metabolites and enzymes that affect the transsulfuration in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Corona-Trejo
- Carrera de Biología, Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental Zaragoza, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
| | - María E Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cristina Trejo-Solis
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico, 14269, Mexico
| | - Victoria Campos-Peña
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico, 14269, Mexico
| | | | - Edgar Yebrán Villegas-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental Zaragoza, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Octavio Daniel Reyes-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental Zaragoza, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico
| | - Vicente Jesús Hernández-Abad
- Laboratorio de Investigación Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Batalla de 5 de mayo s/n, Col, Ejército de Oriente, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Figueroa-González
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental Zaragoza, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniela Silva-Adaya
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico, 14269, Mexico
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3
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Shanmugam S, Patel D, Rodriguez AL, Walchale A, Liu X, Bergeson SE, Mahimainathan L, Narasimhan M, Henderson GI. Ethanol inhibition of undifferentiated rat neural progenitor cell replication can be prevented by chlorogenic acid via the NFATc4/CSE signaling pathway. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1530-1543. [PMID: 37364904 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal ethanol exposure hinders oxidative stress-mediated neuroblast/neural progenitor cell proliferation by inhibiting G1-S transition, a process vital to neocortical development. We previously showed that ethanol elicits this redox imbalance by repressing cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), the rate-limiting enzyme in the transsulfuration pathway in fetal brain and cultured cerebral cortical neurons. However, the mechanism by which ethanol impacts the CSE pathway in proliferating neuroblasts is not known. We conducted experiments to define the effects of ethanol on CSE regulation and the molecular signaling events that control this vital pathway. This enabled us to develop an intervention to prevent the ethanol-associated cytostasis. METHODS Spontaneously immortalized undifferentiated E18 rat neuroblasts from brain cerebral cortex were exposed to ethanol to mimic an acute consumption pattern in humans. We performed loss- and gain-of-function studies to evaluate whether NFATc4 is a transcriptional regulator of CSE. The neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) against the effects of ethanol were assessed using ROS and GSH/GSSG assays as measures of oxidative stress, transcriptional activation of NFATc4, and expression of NFATc4 and CSE by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. RESULTS Ethanol treatment of E18-neuroblast cells elicited oxidative stress and significantly reduced CSE expression with a concomitant decrease in NFATc4 transcriptional activation and expression. In parallel, inhibition of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway by FK506 exaggerated ethanol-induced CSE loss. In contrast, NFATc4 overexpression prevented loss of ethanol-induced CSE. CGA increased and activated NFATc4, amplified CSE expression, rescued ethanol-induced oxidative stress, and averted the cytostasis of neuroblasts by rescuing cyclin D1 expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that ethanol can perturb CSE-dependent redox homeostasis by impairing the NFATc4 signaling pathway in neuroblasts. Notably, ethanol-associated impairments were rescued by genetic or pharmacological activation of NFATc4. Furthermore, we found a potential role for CGA in mitigating the ethanol-related neuroblast toxicity with a compelling connection to the NFATc4/CSE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhyanesh Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, TTUHSC, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Aashlesha Walchale
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, TTUHSC, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, TTUHSC, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Susan E Bergeson
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, TTUHSC, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Lenin Mahimainathan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - George I Henderson
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, TTUHSC, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Gonzalez Porras MA, Gransee HM, Denton TT, Shen D, Webb KL, Brinker CJ, Noureddine A, Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. CTB-targeted protocells enhance ability of lanthionine ketenamine analogs to induce autophagy in motor neuron-like cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2581. [PMID: 36781993 PMCID: PMC9925763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired autophagy, a cellular digestion process that eliminates proteins and damaged organelles, has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including motor neuron disorders. Motor neuron targeted upregulation of autophagy may serve as a promising therapeutic approach. Lanthionine ketenamine (LK), an amino acid metabolite found in mammalian brain tissue, activates autophagy in neuronal cell lines. We hypothesized that analogs of LK can be targeted to motor neurons using nanoparticles to improve autophagy flux. Using a mouse motor neuron-like hybrid cell line (NSC-34), we tested the effect of three different LK analogs on autophagy modulation, either alone or loaded in nanoparticles. For fluorescence visualization of autophagy flux, we used a mCherry-GFP-LC3 plasmid reporter. We also evaluated protein expression changes in LC3-II/LC3-I ratio obtained by western blot, as well as presence of autophagic vacuoles per cell obtained by electron microscopy. Delivering LK analogs with targeted nanoparticles significantly enhanced autophagy flux in differentiated motor neuron-like cells compared to LK analogs alone, suggesting the need of a delivery vehicle to enhance their efficacy. In conclusion, LK analogs loaded in nanoparticles targeting motor neurons constitute a promising treatment option to induce autophagy flux, which may serve to mitigate motor neuron degeneration/loss and preserve motor function in motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Heather M Gransee
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Travis T Denton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd, College of Medicine, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Dunxin Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Kevin L Webb
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Achraf Noureddine
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- MB2-758, St Mary's Hospital, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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5
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Chen SM, Tang XQ. Homocysteinylation and Sulfhydration in Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1726-1735. [PMID: 34951391 PMCID: PMC9881069 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666211223125448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an important intermediate in methionine metabolism and generation of one-carbon units, and its dysfunction is associated with many pathological states. Although Hcy is a non-protein amino acid, many studies have demonstrated protein-related homocysteine metabolism and possible mechanisms underlying homocysteinylation. Homocysteinylated proteins lose their original biological function and have a negative effect on the various disease phenotypes. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as an important gaseous signaling molecule with mounting physiological properties. H2S modifies small molecules and proteins via sulfhydration, which is supposed to be essential in the regulation of biological functions and signal transduction in human health and disorders. This review briefly introduces Hcy and H2S, further discusses pathophysiological consequences of homocysteine modification and sulfhydryl modification, and ultimately makes a prediction that H2S might exert a protective effect on the toxicity of homocysteinylation of target protein via sulfhydration. The highlighted information here yields new insights into the role of protein modification by Hcy and H2S in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Chen
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Department of Emergency, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, Hunan, P.R. China; ,The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China; ,Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China; ,Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China,Address correspondence to this author at the The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, P.R. China; E-mails: ;
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6
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Dupree JL, Paez PM, Tiwari-Woodruff SK, Denton TT, Hensley K, Angeliu CG, Boullerne AI, Kalinin S, Egge S, Cheli VT, Denaroso G, Atkinson KC, Feri M, Feinstein DL. Lanthionine Ketimine Ethyl Ester Accelerates Remyelination in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221112352. [PMID: 35791633 PMCID: PMC9272172 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although over 20 disease modifying therapies are approved to treat Multiple Sclerosis (MS), these do not increase remyelination of demyelinated axons or mitigate axon damage. Previous studies showed that lanthionine ketenamine ethyl ester (LKE) reduces clinical signs in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS and increased maturation of oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitor cells (OPCs) in vitro. In the current study, we used the cuprizone (CPZ) demyelination model of MS to test if LKE could increase remyelination. The corpus callosum (CC) and somatosensory cortex was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), electron microscopy and for mRNA expression changes in mice provided 5 weeks of CPZ diet followed by 2 weeks of normal diet in the presence of LKE or vehicle. A significant increase in the number of myelinated axons, and increased myelin thickness was observed in the CC of LKE-treated groups compared to vehicle-treated groups. LKE also increased myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein expression in the CC and cortex, and increased the number of mature OLs in the cortex. In contrast, LKE did not increase the percentage of proliferating OPCs suggesting effects on OPC survival and differentiation but not proliferation. The effects of LKE on OL maturation and remyelination were supported by similar changes in their relative mRNA levels. Interestingly, LKE did not have significant effects on GFAP or Iba1 immunostaining or mRNA levels. These findings suggest that remyelinating actions of LKE can potentially be formulated to induce remyelination in neurological diseases associated with demyelination including MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L. Dupree
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,Research Service, HH McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pablo M. Paez
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Seema K. Tiwari-Woodruff
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine at the University of California
Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Travis T. Denton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy &
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA,
USA,Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College
of Medicine, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA,Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Washington State University Health Sciences
Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic
Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Christina G. Angeliu
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Sergey Kalinin
- Department Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sophia Egge
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Veronica T. Cheli
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Giancarlo Denaroso
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kelley C. Atkinson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine at the University of California
Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Micah Feri
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine at the University of California
Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Douglas L. Feinstein
- Department Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Douglas L. Feinstein, Department of Anesthesiology,
University of Illinois, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, MC 513, Chicago IL, 60612, USA.
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7
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Yazawa A, Hensley K, Ohshima T. Effects of Lanthionine Ketimine-5-Ethyl Ester on the α-Synucleinopathy Mouse Model. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2373-2382. [PMID: 35589915 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Potentially druggable mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits seen in Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are under intense interrogations. In addition to defective synaptic vesicle trafficking, cytoskeletal disruption, autophagic perturbation, and neuroinflammation, hyperphosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2, also known as DPYSL2) is newly determined to correlate with synaptic deficits in human DLB. The small molecule experimental therapeutic, lanthionine ketimine-5-ethyl ester (LKE), appears to interact with CRMP2 in a host of neurodegenerative mouse models, normalizing its phosphorylation level while promoting healthful autophagy in cell culture models and suppressing the proinflammatory phenotype of activated microglia. Accordingly, this study examined the effect of LKE on α-synuclein A53T transgenic (Tg) mice which were employed as a DLB model. We found that chronic administration of LKE to A53T mice suppressed (1) the accumulation of LBs, (2) neuroinflammatory activation of microglia, (3) impairment of contextual fear memory, and (4) CRMP2 phosphorylation at Thr509 in A53T Tg mice. These results suggest that CRMP2 phosphorylation by GSK3β in the hippocampus is related to pathology and memory impairment in DLB, and LKE may have clinical implications in the treatment of α-synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Yazawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Science, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine (ARCOM), Fort Smith, AR, 72916, USA
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan. .,Laboratory for Molecular Brain Science, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
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8
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Chemistry of Outlandish Natural Products Belonging to Sulfur Metabolism: Unrevealed Green Syntheses and Separation Strategies from the Cavallini’s Old School. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The last century has been very important from the point of view of research and investigation in the fields of the chemistry and biochemistry of sulfur-containing natural products. One of the most important contributions to the discovery and study of human sulfur-containing metabolites was performed by the research group of Professor Doriano Cavallini at Sapienza University of Rome, during the last 80 years. His research brought to light the discovery of unusual sulfur metabolites that were chemically synthesized and determined in different biological specimens. Most of his synthetical strategies were performed in aqueous conditions, which nowadays can be considered totally in line with the recent concepts of the green chemistry. The aim of this paper is to describe and summarize synthetic procedures, and purification and analytical methods from the Cavallini’s school, with the purpose to provide efficient and green methodologies for the preparation and obtainment of peculiar unique sulfur-containing metabolites.
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Hensley K, Danekas A, Farrell W, Garcia T, Mehboob W, White M. At the intersection of sulfur redox chemistry, cellular signal transduction and proteostasis: A useful perspective from which to understand and treat neurodegeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:161-173. [PMID: 34863876 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although we can thoroughly describe individual neurodegenerative diseases from the molecular level through cell biology to histology and clinical presentation, our understanding of them and hence treatment gains have been depressingly limited, partly due to difficulty conceptualizing different diseases as variations within the same overarching pathological rubric. This review endeavors to create such rubric by knitting together the seemingly disparate phenomena of oxidative stress, dysregulated proteostasis, and neuroinflammation into a cohesive triad that highlights mechanistic connectivities. We begin by considering that brain metabolic demands necessitate careful control of oxidative homeostasis, largely through sulfur redox chemistry and glutathione (GSH). GSH is essential for brain antioxidant defense, but also for redox signaling and thus neuroinflammation. Delicate regulation of neuroinflammatory pathways (NFκB, MAPK-p38, and NLRP3 particularly) occurs through S-glutathionylation of protein phosphatases but also through redox-sensing elements like ASK1; the 26S proteasome and cysteine deubiquitinases (DUBs). The relationship amongst triad elements is underscored by our discovery that LanCL1 (lanthionine synthetase-like protein-1) protects against oxidant toxicity; mediates GSH-dependent reactivation of oxidized DUBs; and antagonizes the pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). We highlight currently promising pharmacological efforts to modulate key triad elements and suggest nexus points that might be exploited to further clinical advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Hensley
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, 72916, USA.
| | - Alexis Danekas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, 72916, USA
| | - William Farrell
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, 72916, USA
| | - Tiera Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, 72916, USA
| | - Wafa Mehboob
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, 72916, USA
| | - Matthew White
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, 72916, USA
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10
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Shea TB. Improvement of cognitive performance by a nutraceutical formulation: Underlying mechanisms revealed by laboratory studies. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:281-304. [PMID: 34352370 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline, decrease in neuronal function and neuronal loss that accompany normal aging and dementia are the result of multiple mechanisms, many of which involve oxidative stress. Herein, we review these various mechanisms and identify pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, including modification of diet, that may reduce the risk and progression of cognitive decline. The optimal degree of neuronal protection is derived by combinations of, rather than individual, compounds. Compounds that provide antioxidant protection are particularly effective at delaying or improving cognitive performance in the early stages of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Laboratory studies confirm alleviation of oxidative damage in brain tissue. Lifestyle modifications show a degree of efficacy and may augment pharmacological approaches. Unfortunately, oxidative damage and resultant accumulation of biomarkers of neuronal damage can precede cognitive decline by years to decades. This underscores the importance of optimization of dietary enrichment, antioxidant supplementation and other lifestyle modifications during aging even for individuals who are cognitively intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Shea
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
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11
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Jakubowski H. Proteomic exploration of cystathionine β-synthase deficiency: implications for the clinic. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 17:751-765. [PMID: 33320032 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1865160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Homocystinuria due to cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) deficiency, the most frequent inborn error of sulfur amino acid metabolism, is characterized biochemically by severely elevated homocysteine (Hcy) and related metabolites, such as Hcy-thiolactone and N-Hcy-protein. CBS deficiency reduces life span and causes pathological abnormalities affecting most organ systems in the human body, including the cardiovascular (thrombosis, stroke), skeletal/connective tissue (osteoporosis, thin/non-elastic skin, thin hair), and central nervous systems (mental retardation, seizures), as well as the liver (fatty changes), and the eye (ectopia lentis, myopia). Molecular basis of these abnormalities were largely unknown and available treatments remain ineffective. Areas covered: Proteomic and transcriptomic studies over the past decade or so, have significantly contributed to our understanding of mechanisms by which the CBS enzyme deficiency leads to clinical manifestations associated with it. Expert opinion: Recent findings, discussed in this review, highlight the involvement of dysregulated proteostasis in pathologies associated with CBS deficiency, including thromboembolism, stroke, neurologic impairment, connective tissue/collagen abnormalities, hair defects, and hepatic toxicity. To ameliorate these pathologies, pharmacological, enzyme replacement, and gene transfer therapies are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań, Poland.,Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health , Newark, NJ USA
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12
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Downey A, Olcott M, Spector D, Bird K, Ter Doest A, Pierce Z, Quach E, Sparks S, Super C, Naifeh J, Powers A, White M, Hensley K. Stable knockout of lanthionine synthase C-like protein-1 (LanCL1) from HeLa cells indicates a role for LanCL1 in redox regulation of deubiquitinating enzymes. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 161:115-124. [PMID: 33049334 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lanthionine synthase C-like protein-1 (LanCL1) is a glutathione (GSH)-binding protein of uncertain function, widely expressed in mammalian cells. Recent data suggests that LanCL1 has glutathione S-transferase (GST)-like activity, while other reports claim that LanCL1 suppresses mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. In the present study, recombinant human LanCL1 had less than 10% the specific activity of GST. When CRISPR-Cas9 was used to stably ablate LanCL1 from HeLa cells, the resulting line was sensitized to H2O2 toxicity. [GSH], [GSSG], [GSH]/[GSSG] and GST activity were unaltered by LanCL1 knockout but glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly elevated. LanCL1-KO cells did not differ in basal or H2O2-induced p38-MAPK, ERK p42/p44 or JNK phosphorylation; however, MAPK-targeted transcription factor regulators c-Jun and IκBα were significantly decreased. Because c-Jun and IκBα levels are ubiquitin regulated, experiments addressed the hypothesis that LanCL1 affects ubiquitination dynamics. In the presence of the 26S proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, ubiquitinated proteins accumulated faster in LanCL1-KO cells, suggesting that LanCL1 positively regulates deubiquitination. The activity of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH), a major deubiquitinase (DUB) subclass, was significantly decreased in LanCL1-KO cells while protein levels of A20/TNFAIP3, USP9X and USP10 DUBs were significantly reduced. UCH activity in HeLa cell lysates was lost upon treatment with H2O2 and significantly recovered by addition of recombinant LanCL1 plus GSH. Taken together these data suggest that LanCL1 likely does not act as a GST-like enzyme in vivo, but rather modulates ubiquitin-dependent cell signaling pathways through positive regulation of redox-sensitive DUBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Downey
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Melissa Olcott
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Daniel Spector
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Kayla Bird
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | | | - Zachary Pierce
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Evan Quach
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Sawyer Sparks
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Christa Super
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Jefferey Naifeh
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Andrea Powers
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Matthew White
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA.
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13
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Francioso A, Baseggio Conrado A, Mosca L, Fontana M. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Sulfur Natural Compounds: Key Intermediates of Metabolism and Redox Biology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8294158. [PMID: 33062147 PMCID: PMC7545470 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8294158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur contributes significantly to nature chemical diversity and thanks to its particular features allows fundamental biological reactions that no other element allows. Sulfur natural compounds are utilized by all living beings and depending on the function are distributed in the different kingdoms. It is no coincidence that marine organisms are one of the most important sources of sulfur natural products since most of the inorganic sulfur is metabolized in ocean environments where this element is abundant. Terrestrial organisms such as plants and microorganisms are also able to incorporate sulfur in organic molecules to produce primary metabolites (e.g., methionine, cysteine) and more complex unique chemical structures with diverse biological roles. Animals are not able to fix inorganic sulfur into biomolecules and are completely dependent on preformed organic sulfurous compounds to satisfy their sulfur needs. However, some higher species such as humans are able to build new sulfur-containing chemical entities starting especially from plants' organosulfur precursors. Sulfur metabolism in humans is very complicated and plays a central role in redox biochemistry. The chemical properties, the large number of oxidation states, and the versatile reactivity of the oxygen family chalcogens make sulfur ideal for redox biological reactions and electron transfer processes. This review will explore sulfur metabolism related to redox biochemistry and will describe the various classes of sulfur-containing compounds spread all over the natural kingdoms. We will describe the chemistry and the biochemistry of well-known metabolites and also of the unknown and poorly studied sulfur natural products which are still in search for a biological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, 38296 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alessia Baseggio Conrado
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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14
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Shen D, Hensley K, Denton TT. An overview of sulfur-containing compounds originating from natural metabolites: Lanthionine ketimine and its analogues. Anal Biochem 2019; 591:113543. [PMID: 31862405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dunxin Shen
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 412 East Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA, 99202-2131, USA
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Sciences, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, 7000 Chad Colley Blvd, Fort Smith, AR, 72916, USA
| | - Travis T Denton
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 412 East Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA, 99202-2131, USA.
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15
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Liu N, Lin X, Huang C. Activation of the reverse transsulfuration pathway through NRF2/CBS confers erastin-induced ferroptosis resistance. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:279-292. [PMID: 31819185 PMCID: PMC7052275 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, lipid peroxide-mediated cell death that may be exploited to selective elimination of damaged and malignant cells. Recent studies have identified that small-molecule erastin specifically inhibits transmembrane cystine–glutamate antiporter system xc−, prevents extracellular cystine import and ultimately causes ferroptosis in certain cancer cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying erastin-induced ferroptosis resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Methods We treated ovarian cancer cells with erastin and examined cell viability, cellular ROS and metabolites of the transsulfuration pathway. We also depleted cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and NRF2 to investigate the CBS and NRF2 dependency in erastin-resistant cells. Results We found that prolonged erastin treatment induced ferroptosis resistance. Upon exposure to erastin, cells gradually adapted to cystine deprivation via sustained activation of the reverse transsulfuration pathway, allowing the cells to bypass erastin insult. CBS, the biosynthetic enzyme for cysteine, was constantly upregulated and was critical for the resistance. Knockdown of CBS by RNAi in erastin-resistant cells caused ferroptotic cell death, while CBS overexpression conferred ferroptosis resistance. We determined that the antioxidant transcriptional factor, NRF2 was constitutively activated in erastin-resistant cells and NRF2 transcriptionally upregulated CBS. Genetically repression of NRF2 enhanced ferroptosis susceptibility. Conclusions Based on these results, we concluded that constitutive activation of NRF2/CBS signalling confers erastin-induced ferroptosis resistance. This study demonstrates a new mechanism underlying ferroptosis resistance, and has implications for the therapeutic response to erastin-induced ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Xiaoli Lin
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chengying Huang
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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16
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Martinez AM, Mirkovic J, Stanisz ZA, Patwari FS, Yang WS. NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells are sensitized to ferroptosis upon differentiation. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:582-593. [PMID: 30984534 PMCID: PMC6443867 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is driven by lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides upon inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4). Deletion of the Gpx4 gene in mice revealed that neurons are sensitive to ferroptosis in vivo. However, few studies have been conducted on ferroptosis regulation in neurons. Here, we report that cells of a motor neuron‐like cell line, NSC‐34, became more sensitive to ferroptosis upon differentiation into a more motor neuron‐like condition. We identified three factors that influence ferroptosis sensitivity under differentiation conditions: low serum antioxidants, decreased GPx4 protein amount, and inhibition of the transsulfuration pathway. Our results support the hypothesis that neurons, especially motor neurons, are sensitive to ferroptosis, and suggest that ferroptosis in a neuronal context should be investigated further to develop strategies for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jovan Mirkovic
- Department of Biological Sciences St John's University Queens NY USA
| | - Zofia A Stanisz
- Department of Biological Sciences St John's University Queens NY USA
| | - Fahmida S Patwari
- Department of Biological Sciences St John's University Queens NY USA
| | - Wan Seok Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences St John's University Queens NY USA
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17
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Jakubowski H. Homocysteine Modification in Protein Structure/Function and Human Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:555-604. [PMID: 30427275 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies established that elevated homocysteine, an important intermediate in folate, vitamin B12, and one carbon metabolism, is associated with poor health, including heart and brain diseases. Earlier studies show that patients with severe hyperhomocysteinemia, first identified in the 1960s, exhibit neurological and cardiovascular abnormalities and premature death due to vascular complications. Although homocysteine is considered to be a nonprotein amino acid, studies over the past 2 decades have led to discoveries of protein-related homocysteine metabolism and mechanisms by which homocysteine can become a component of proteins. Homocysteine-containing proteins lose their biological function and acquire cytotoxic, proinflammatory, proatherothrombotic, and proneuropathic properties, which can account for the various disease phenotypes associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. This review describes mechanisms by which hyperhomocysteinemia affects cellular proteostasis, provides a comprehensive account of the biological chemistry of homocysteine-containing proteins, and discusses pathophysiological consequences and clinical implications of their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health , Newark, New Jersey ; and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
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18
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Gonzalez Porras MA, Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. Impaired Autophagy in Motor Neurons: A Final Common Mechanism of Injury and Death. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 33:211-224. [PMID: 29638184 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00008.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular digestion process that contributes to cellular homeostasis and adaptation by the elimination of proteins and damaged organelles. Evidence suggests that dysregulation of autophagy plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases, including motor neuron disorders. Herein, we review emerging evidence indicating the roles of autophagy in physiological motor neuron processes and its function in specific compartments. Moreover, we discuss the involvement of autophagy in the pathogenesis of motor neuron diseases, including spinal cord injury and aging, and recent developments that offer promising therapeutic approaches to mitigate effects of dysregulated autophagy in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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19
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Muchiri RN, Kowal KE, Hensley K, Feinstein DL, van Breemen RB. Analysis of lanthionine ketimine ethyl ester in mouse serum, whole blood and tissues using ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1941-1948. [PMID: 30117207 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Preclinical studies in the search for treatments for several neurodegenerative diseases have identified lanthionine ketimine (LK) and its monoethyl ester derivative (LKE) as potential candidates. An ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS) assay was developed to evaluate bioavailability by measuring these compounds in mouse serum, whole blood and brain tissue. METHODS Following administration of LKE to mice for 3 days in chow at 300 ppm, the animals were sacrificed, and LKE was extracted from serum, whole blood and brain tissues through protein precipitation using cold methanol. To enhance chromatographic separation and electrospray ionization, LK was methylated using diazomethane. Separations were carried out using C18 reversed-phase UHPLC, and quantitative measurements were obtained using on-line triple-quadruple mass spectrometry with positive ion electrospray ionization, collision-induced dissociation and selected reaction monitoring. Tolbutamide was used as internal standard. RESULTS LKE showed good recovery ranging from 77-90% in serum and 82-88% in brain tissue. An eight-point standard curve ranging from 0.005 to 4.6 μM was linear (R2 0.998). The average LKE detected in mouse serum was 277.42 nM, while the concentration in whole blood was 38 nM. Neither LK nor LKE was detected in brain tissues. CONCLUSIONS A rapid quantitative method to measure LKE in mouse serum, whole blood and brain tissues using UHPLC/MS/MS was developed and validated following FDA guidelines. This method is suitable for bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth N Muchiri
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Katarzyna E Kowal
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Douglas L Feinstein
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
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20
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Garg G, Yilmaz A, Kumar P, Turkoglu O, Mutch DG, Powell MA, Rosen B, Bahado-Singh RO, Graham SF. Targeted metabolomic profiling of low and high grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer tissues: a pilot study. Metabolomics 2018; 14:154. [PMID: 30830441 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies and has an alarming global fatality rate. Besides the differences in underlying pathogenesis, distinguishing between high grade (HG) and low grade (LG) EOC is imperative for the prediction of disease progression and responsiveness to chemotherapy. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate, the tissue metabolome associated with HG and LG serous epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS A combination of one dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1D H NMR) spectroscopy and targeted mass spectrometry (MS) was employed to profile the tissue metabolome of HG, LG serous EOCs, and controls. RESULTS Using partial least squares-discriminant analysis, we observed significant separation between all groups (p < 0.05) following cross validation. We identified which metabolites were significantly perturbed in each EOC grade as compared with controls and report the biochemical pathways which were perturbed due to the disease. Among these metabolic pathways, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism was identified, for the first time, as being significantly altered in both LG and HG serous cancers. Further, we have identified potential biomarkers of EOC and generated predictive algorithms with AUC (CI) = 0.940 and 0.929 for HG and LG, respectively. CONCLUSION These previously unreported biochemical changes provide a framework for future metabolomic studies for the development of EOC biomarkers. Finally, pharmacologic targeting of the key metabolic pathways identified herein could lead to novel and effective treatments of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjal Garg
- Karmanos Cancer Institute Mclaren Flint, 4100 Beecher Road, 48532, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Onur Turkoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - David G Mutch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. CB 8064, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew A Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. CB 8064, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Barry Rosen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Ray O Bahado-Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Stewart F Graham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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21
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Zhang M, Xu L, Yang H. Schisandra chinensis Fructus and Its Active Ingredients as Promising Resources for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071970. [PMID: 29986408 PMCID: PMC6073455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases (NDs) are a leading cause of death worldwide and tend to mainly affect people under the age of 50. High rates of premature death and disability caused by NDs undoubtedly constrain societal development. However, effective therapeutic drugs and methods are very limited. Schisandra chinensis Fructus (SCF) is the dry ripe fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Recent research has indicated that SCF and its active ingredients show a protective role in NDs, including cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, or depression. The key neuroprotective mechanisms of SCF and its active ingredients have been demonstrated to include antioxidation, suppression of apoptosis, anti-inflammation, regulation of neurotransmitters, and modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) related pathways. This paper summarizes studies of the role of SCF and its active ingredients in protecting against NDs, and highlights them as promising resources for future treatment. Furthermore, novel insights on the future challenges of SCF and its active ingredients are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Liping Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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22
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Patel D, Rathinam M, Jarvis C, Mahimainathan L, Henderson G, Narasimhan M. Role for Cystathionine γ Lyase (CSE) in an Ethanol (E)-Induced Lesion in Fetal Brain GSH Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051537. [PMID: 29786653 PMCID: PMC5983808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier, we reported that gestational ethanol (E) can dysregulate neuron glutathione (GSH) homeostasis partially via impairing the EAAC1-mediated inward transport of Cysteine (Cys) and this can affect fetal brain development. In this study, we investigated if there is a role for the transulfuration pathway (TSP), a critical bio-synthetic point to supply Cys in E-induced dysregulation of GSH homeostasis. These studies utilized an in utero E binge model where the pregnant Sprague⁻Dawley (SD) rat dams received five doses of E at 3.5 g/kg by gastric intubation beginning embryonic day (ED) 17 until ED19 separated by 12 h. The postnatal day 7 (PN7) alcohol model employed an oral dosing of 4 g/kg body weight split into 2 feedings at 2 h interval and an iso-caloric and iso-volumic equivalent maltose-dextrin milk solution served as controls. The in vitro model consisted of cerebral cortical neuron cultures from embryonic day (ED) 16⁻17 fetus from SD rats and differentiated neurons from ED18 rat cerebral cortical neuroblasts. E concentrations were 4 mg/mL. E induced an accumulation of cystathionine in primary cortical neurons (PCNs), 2nd trimester equivalent in utero binge, and 3rd trimester equivalent PN7 model suggesting that breakdown of cystathionine, a required process for Cys supply is impaired. This was associated with a significant reduction in cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) protein expression in PCN (p < 0.05) and in fetal cerebral cortex in utero (53%, p < 0.05) without a change in the expression of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS). Concomitantly, E decreased Cse mRNA expression in PCNs (by 32% within 6 h of exposure, p < 0.05) and in fetal brain (33%, p < 0.05). In parallel, knock down of CSE in differentiated rat cortical neuroblasts exaggerated the E-induced ROS, GSH loss with a pronounced caspase-3 activation and cell death. These studies illustrate the importance of TSP in CSE-related maintenance of GSH and the downstream events via Cys synthesis in neurons and fetal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhyanesh Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Marylatha Rathinam
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Courtney Jarvis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Lenin Mahimainathan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - George Henderson
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Madhusudhanan Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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23
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Rajpal S, Katikaneni P, Deshotels M, Pardue S, Glawe J, Shen X, Akkus N, Modi K, Bhandari R, Dominic P, Reddy P, Kolluru GK, Kevil CG. Total sulfane sulfur bioavailability reflects ethnic and gender disparities in cardiovascular disease. Redox Biol 2018; 15:480-489. [PMID: 29413960 PMCID: PMC5975076 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important physiological and pathophysiological signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system influencing vascular tone, cytoprotective responses, redox reactions, vascular adaptation, and mitochondrial respiration. However, bioavailable levels of H2S in its various biochemical metabolite forms during clinical cardiovascular disease remain poorly understood. We performed a case-controlled study to quantify and compare the bioavailability of various biochemical forms of H2S in patients with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD). In our study, we used the reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography monobromobimane assay to analytically measure bioavailable pools of H2S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also identified using DNA Pyrosequencing. We found that plasma acid labile sulfide levels were significantly reduced in Caucasian females with CVD compared with those without the disease. Conversely, plasma bound sulfane sulfur levels were significantly reduced in Caucasian males with CVD compared with those without the disease. Surprisingly, gender differences of H2S bioavailability were not observed in African Americans, although H2S bioavailability was significantly lower overall in this ethnic group compared to Caucasians. We also performed SNP analysis of H2S synthesizing enzymes and found a significant increase in cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH) 1364 G-T allele frequency in patients with CVD compared to controls. Lastly, plasma H2S bioavailability was found to be predictive for cardiovascular disease in Caucasian subjects as determined by receiver operator characteristic analysis. These findings reveal that plasma H2S bioavailability could be considered a biomarker for CVD in an ethnic and gender manner. Cystathionine gamma-lyase 1346 G-T SNP might also contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease development. Baseline plasma sulfide metabolite levels are significantly different in an ethnic dependent manner. Reductions in sulfide metabolites are predictive of cardiovascular disease in an ethnic dependent manner. Differences in acid labile versus bound sulfane sulfur metabolites during cardiovascular disease are gender dependent. Single nucleotide polymorphism of CTH 1364 G>T is significantly associated with increased cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Rajpal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Cardiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pavan Katikaneni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Matthew Deshotels
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Pathology, Division of Research, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sibile Pardue
- Department of Pathology, Division of Research, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - John Glawe
- Department of Pathology, Division of Research, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Xinggui Shen
- Department of Pathology, Division of Research, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Nuri Akkus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Kalgi Modi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Ruchi Bhandari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Paari Dominic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Pratap Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Gopi K Kolluru
- Department of Pathology, Division of Research, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology, Division of Research, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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Multiple-step, one-pot synthesis of 2-substituted-3-phosphono-1-thia-4-aza-2-cyclohexene-5-carboxylates and their corresponding ethyl esters. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:562-565. [PMID: 29398540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The multiple-step, one-pot procedure for a series of 2-substituted-3-phosphono-1-thia-4-aza-2-cyclohexene-5-carboxylates, analogues of the natural, sulfur amino acid metabolite lanthionine ketimine (LK), its 5-ethyl ester (LKE) and 2-substituted LKEs is described. Initiating the synthesis with the Michaelis-Arbuzov preparation of α-ketophosphonates allows for a wide range of functional variation at the 2-position of the products. Nine new compounds were synthesized with overall yields range from 40 to 62%. In addition, the newly prepared 2-isopropyl-LK-P, 2-n-hexyl-LKE-P and 2-ethyl-LKE were shown to stimulate autophagy in cultured cells better than that of the parent compound, LKE.
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25
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Majtan T, Krijt J, Sokolová J, Křížková M, Ralat MA, Kent J, Gregory JF, Kožich V, Kraus JP. Biogenesis of Hydrogen Sulfide and Thioethers by Cystathionine Beta-Synthase. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:311-323. [PMID: 28874062 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The transsulfuration pathway enzymes cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine gamma-lyase are thought to be the major source of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In this study, we assessed the role of CBS in H2S biogenesis. RESULTS We show that despite discouraging enzyme kinetics of alternative H2S-producing reactions utilizing cysteine compared with the canonical condensation of serine and homocysteine, our simulations of substrate competitions at biologically relevant conditions suggest that cysteine is able to partially compete with serine on CBS, thus leading to generation of appreciable amounts of H2S. The leading H2S-producing reaction is condensation of cysteine with homocysteine, while cysteine desulfuration plays a dominant role when cysteine is more abundant than serine and homocysteine is limited. We found that the serine-to-cysteine ratio is the main determinant of CBS H2S productivity. Abundance of cysteine over serine, for example, in plasma, allowed for up to 43% of CBS activity being responsible for H2S production, while excess of serine typical for intracellular levels effectively limited such activity to less than 1.5%. CBS also produced lanthionine from serine and cysteine and a third of lanthionine coming from condensation of two cysteines contributed to the H2S pool. INNOVATION Our study characterizes the H2S-producing potential of CBS under biologically relevant conditions and highlights the serine-to-cysteine ratio as the main determinant of H2S production by CBS in vivo. CONCLUSION Our data clarify the function of CBS in H2S biogenesis and the role of thioethers as surrogate H2S markers. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 311-323.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Majtan
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado , School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jakub Krijt
- 2 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Sokolová
- 2 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Křížková
- 2 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria A Ralat
- 3 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jana Kent
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado , School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jesse F Gregory
- 3 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Viktor Kožich
- 2 Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague , Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan P Kraus
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado , School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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McBean GJ, López MG, Wallner FK. Redox-based therapeutics in neurodegenerative disease. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1750-1770. [PMID: 27477685 PMCID: PMC5446580 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes recent developments in the search for effective therapeutic agents that target redox homeostasis in neurodegenerative disease. The disruption to thiol redox homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis is discussed, together with the experimental strategies that are aimed at preventing, or at least minimizing, oxidative damage in these diseases. Particular attention is given to the potential of increasing antioxidant capacity by targeting the Nrf2 pathway, the development of inhibitors of NADPH oxidases that are likely candidates for clinical use, together with strategies to reduce nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We describe the shortcomings of compounds that hinder their progression to the clinic and evaluate likely avenues for future research. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J McBean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - M G López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - F K Wallner
- Redoxis ABSweden and University of SkövdeSkövdeSweden
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27
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Hariharan VA, Denton TT, Paraszcszak S, McEvoy K, Jeitner TM, Krasnikov BF, Cooper AJL. The Enzymology of 2-Hydroxyglutarate, 2-Hydroxyglutaramate and 2-Hydroxysuccinamate and Their Relationship to Oncometabolites. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6020024. [PMID: 28358347 PMCID: PMC5485471 DOI: 10.3390/biology6020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many enzymes make "mistakes". Consequently, repair enzymes have evolved to correct these mistakes. For example, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH) slowly catalyze the reduction of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) to the oncometabolite l-2-hydroxyglutarate (l-2-HG). l-2-HG dehydrogenase corrects this error by converting l-2-HG to 2-OG. LDH also catalyzes the reduction of the oxo group of 2-oxoglutaramate (2-OGM; transamination product of l-glutamine). We show here that human glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes the amidation of the terminal carboxyl of both the l- and d- isomers of 2-HG. The reaction of 2-OGM with LDH and the reaction of l-2-HG with GS generate l-2-hydroxyglutaramate (l-2-HGM). We also show that l-2-HGM is a substrate of human ω-amidase. The product (l-2-HG) can then be converted to 2-OG by l-2-HG dehydrogenase. Previous work showed that 2-oxosuccinamate (2-OSM; transamination product of l-asparagine) is an excellent substrate of LDH. Finally, we also show that human ω-amidase converts the product of this reaction (i.e., l-2-hydroxysuccinamate; l-2-HSM) to l-malate. Thus, ω-amidase may act together with hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenases to repair certain "mistakes" of GS and LDH. The present findings suggest that non-productive pathways for nitrogen metabolism occur in mammalian tissues in vivo. Perturbations of these pathways may contribute to symptoms associated with hydroxyglutaric acidurias and to tumor progression. Finally, methods for the synthesis of l-2-HGM and l-2-HSM are described that should be useful in determining the roles of ω-amidase/4- and 5-C compounds in photorespiration in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek A Hariharan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10590, USA.
| | - Travis T Denton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA.
| | - Sarah Paraszcszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10590, USA.
| | - Kyle McEvoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10590, USA.
| | - Thomas M Jeitner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10590, USA.
| | - Boris F Krasnikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10590, USA.
| | - Arthur J L Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10590, USA.
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Hensley K, Kursula P. Collapsin Response Mediator Protein-2 (CRMP2) is a Plausible Etiological Factor and Potential Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's Disease: Comparison and Contrast with Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 53:1-14. [PMID: 27079722 PMCID: PMC4942723 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has long been viewed as a pathology that must be caused either by aberrant amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) processing, dysfunctional tau protein processing, or a combination of these two factors. This is a reasonable assumption because amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation are the defining histological features in AD, and because AβPP and tau mutations can cause AD in humans or AD-like features in animal models. Nonetheless, other protein players are emerging that one can argue are significant etiological players in subsets of AD and potentially novel, druggable targets. In particular, the microtubule-associated protein CRMP2 (collapsin response mediator protein-2) bears striking analogies to tau and is similarly relevant to AD. Like tau, CRMP2 dynamically regulates microtubule stability; it is acted upon by the same kinases; collects similarly in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs); and when sequestered in NFTs, complexes with critical synapse-stabilizing factors. Additionally, CRMP2 is becoming recognized as an important adaptor protein involved in vesicle trafficking, amyloidogenesis and autophagy, in ways that tau is not. This review systematically compares the biology of CRMP2 to that of tau in the context of AD and explores the hypothesis that CRMP2 is an etiologically significant protein in AD and participates in pathways that can be rationally engaged for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Hensley
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Petri Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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LanCL proteins are not Involved in Lanthionine Synthesis in Mammals. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40980. [PMID: 28106097 PMCID: PMC5247676 DOI: 10.1038/srep40980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
LanC-like (LanCL) proteins are mammalian homologs of bacterial LanC enzymes, which catalyze the addition of the thiol of Cys to dehydrated Ser residues during the biosynthesis of lanthipeptides, a class of natural products formed by post-translational modification of precursor peptides. The functions of LanCL proteins are currently unclear. A recent proposal suggested that LanCL1 catalyzes the addition of the Cys of glutathione to protein- or peptide-bound dehydroalanine (Dha) to form lanthionine, analogous to the reaction catalyzed by LanC in bacteria. Lanthionine has been detected in human brain as the downstream metabolite lanthionine ketimine (LK), which has been shown to have neuroprotective effects. In this study, we tested the proposal that LanCL1 is involved in lanthionine biosynthesis by constructing LanCL1 knock-out mice and measuring LK concentrations in their brains using a mass spectrometric detection method developed for this purpose. To investigate whether other LanCL proteins (LanCL2/3) may confer a compensatory effect, triple knock-out (TKO) mice were also generated and tested. Very similar concentrations of LK (0.5–2.5 nmol/g tissue) were found in LanCL1 knock-out, TKO and wild type (WT) mouse brains, suggesting that LanCL proteins are not involved in lanthionine biosynthesis.
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30
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Reciprocal Control of Thyroid Binding and the Pipecolate Pathway in the Brain. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:217-243. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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G-protein coupling and nuclear translocation of the human abscisic acid receptor LANCL2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26658. [PMID: 27222287 PMCID: PMC4879523 DOI: 10.1038/srep26658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA), a long known phytohormone, has been recently demonstrated to be present also in humans, where it targets cells of the innate immune response, mesenchymal and hemopoietic stem cells and cells involved in the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis. LANCL2, a peripheral membrane protein, is the mammalian ABA receptor. We show that N-terminal glycine myristoylation causes LANCL2 localization to the plasmamembrane and to cytoplasmic membrane vesicles, where it interacts with the α subunit of a Gi protein and starts the ABA signaling pathway via activation of adenylate cyclase. Demyristoylation of LANCL2 by chemical or genetic means triggers its nuclear translocation. Nuclear enrichment of native LANCL2 is also induced by ABA treatment. Therefore human LANCL2 is a non-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor susceptible to hormone-induced nuclear translocation.
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32
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Hensley K, Poteshkina A, Johnson MF, Eslami P, Gabbita SP, Hristov AM, Venkova-Hristova KM, Harris-White ME. Autophagy Modulation by Lanthionine Ketimine Ethyl Ester Improves Long-Term Outcome after Central Fluid Percussion Injury in the Mouse. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:1501-13. [PMID: 26530250 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse axonal injury is recognized as a progressive and long-term consequence of traumatic brain injury. Axonal injury can have sustained negative consequences on neuronal functions such as anterograde and retrograde transport and cellular processes such as autophagy that depend on cytoarchitecture and axon integrity. These changes can lead to somatic atrophy and an inability to repair and promote plasticity. Obstruction of the autophagic process has been noted after brain injury, and rapamycin, a drug used to stimulate autophagy, has demonstrated positive effects in brain injury models. The optimization of drugs to promote beneficial autophagy without negative side effects could be used to attenuate traumatic brain injury and promote improved outcome. Lanthionine ketimine ethyl ester, a bioavailable derivative of a natural sulfur amino acid metabolite, has demonstrated effects on autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Thirty minutes after a moderate central fluid percussion injury and throughout the survival period, lanthionine ketimine ethyl ester was administered, and mice were subsequently evaluated for learning and memory impairments and biochemical and histological changes over a 5-week period. Lanthionine ketimine ethyl ester, which we have shown previously to modulate autophagy markers and alleviate pathology and slow cognitive decline in the 3 × TgAD mouse model, spared cognition and pathology after central fluid percussion injury through a mechanism involving autophagy modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Hensley
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus , Toledo, Ohio.,2 Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Aleksandra Poteshkina
- 4 Veterans Administration-Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System , Los Angeles, California
| | - Ming F Johnson
- 4 Veterans Administration-Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System , Los Angeles, California
| | - Pirooz Eslami
- 4 Veterans Administration-Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System , Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Alexandar M Hristov
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus , Toledo, Ohio
| | | | - Marni E Harris-White
- 4 Veterans Administration-Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System , Los Angeles, California.,5 Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California
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33
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Kožich V, Krijt J, Sokolová J, Melenovská P, Ješina P, Vozdek R, Majtán T, Kraus JP. Thioethers as markers of hydrogen sulfide production in homocystinurias. Biochimie 2016; 126:14-20. [PMID: 26791043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Two enzymes in the transsulfuration pathway of homocysteine -cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and gamma-cystathionase (CTH)-use cysteine and/or homocysteine to produce the important signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and simultaneously the thioethers lanthionine, cystathionine or homolanthionine. In this study we explored whether impaired flux of substrates for H2S synthesis and/or deficient enzyme activities alter production of hydrogen sulfide in patients with homocystinurias. As an indirect measure of H2S synthesis we determined by LC-MS/MS concentrations of thioethers in plasma samples from 33 patients with different types of homocystinurias, in 8 patient derived fibroblast cell lines, and as reaction products of seven purified mutant CBS enzymes. Since chaperoned recombinant mutant CBS enzymes retained capacity of H2S synthesis in vitro it can be stipulated that deficient CBS activity in vivo may impair H2S production. Indeed, in patients with classical homocystinuria we observed significantly decreased cystathionine and lanthionine concentrations in plasma (46% and 74% of median control levels, respectively) and significantly lower cystathionine in fibroblasts (8% of median control concentrations) indicating that H2S production from cysteine and homocysteine may be also impaired. In contrast, the grossly elevated plasma levels of homolanthionine in CBS deficient patients (32-times elevation compared to median of controls) clearly demonstrates a simultaneous overproduction of H2S from homocysteine by CTH. In the remethylation defects the accumulation of homocysteine and the increased flux of metabolites through the transsulfuration pathway resulted in elevation of cystathionine and homolanthionine (857% and 400% of median control values, respectively) indicating a possibility of an increased biosynthesis of H2S by both CBS and CTH. This study shows clearly disturbed thioether concentrations in homocystinurias, and modeling using these data indicates that H2S synthesis may be increased in these conditions. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to explore the possible implications for pathophysiology of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Kožich
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Krijt
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Sokolová
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Melenovská
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Ješina
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Vozdek
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University in Prague-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Majtán
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jan P Kraus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Salmina AB, Komleva YK, Szijártó IA, Gorina YV, Lopatina OL, Gertsog GE, Filipovic MR, Gollasch M. H2S- and NO-Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Amyloid Vasculopathy: Synergism or Antagonism? Front Physiol 2015; 6:361. [PMID: 26696896 PMCID: PMC4675996 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's type of neurodegeneration dramatically affects H2S and NO synthesis and interactions in the brain, which results in dysregulated vasomotor function, brain tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia, development of perivascular inflammation, promotion of Aβ deposition, and impairment of neurogenesis/angiogenesis. H2S- and NO-signaling pathways have been described to offer protection against Alzheimer's amyloid vasculopathy and neurodegeneration. This review describes recent developments of the increasing relevance of H2S and NO in Alzheimer's disease (AD). More studies are however needed to fully determine their potential use as therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's and other forms of vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla B. Salmina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yulia K. Komleva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - István A. Szijártó
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - University Medicine Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlin, Germany
| | - Yana V. Gorina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Olga L. Lopatina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Galina E. Gertsog
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Milos R. Filipovic
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - University Medicine Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineBerlin, Germany
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Hensley K, Harris-White ME. Redox regulation of autophagy in healthy brain and neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 84:50-9. [PMID: 25771170 PMCID: PMC4567532 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and redox biochemistry are two major sub disciplines of cell biology which are both coming to be appreciated for their paramount importance in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus far, however, there has been relatively little exploration of the interface between autophagy and redox biology. Autophagy normally recycles macro-molecular aggregates produced through oxidative-stress mediated pathways, and also may reduce the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species through recycling of old and damaged mitochondria. Conversely, dysfunction in autophagy initiation, progression or clearance is evidenced to increase aggregation-prone proteins in neural and extraneural tissues. Redox mechanisms of autophagy regulation have been documented at the level of cross-talk between the Nrf2/Keap1 oxidant and electrophilic defense pathway and p62/sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1)-associated autophagy, at least in extraneural tissue; but other mechanisms of redox autophagy regulation doubtless remain to be discovered and the relevance of such processes to maintenance of neural homeostasis remains to be determined. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the relationship of redox signaling, autophagy control, and oxidative stress as these phenomena relate to neurodegenerative disease. AD is specifically addressed as an example of the theme and as a promising indication for new therapies that act through engagement of autophagy pathways. To exemplify one such novel therapeutic entity, data is presented that the antioxidant and neurotrophic agent lanthionine ketimine-ethyl ester (LKE) affects autophagy pathway proteins including beclin-1 in the 3xTg-AD model of Alzheimer's disease where the compound has been shown to reduce pathological features and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Hensley
- University of Toledo Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Marni E Harris-White
- Veterans Administration-Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, 11301 Wilshire Blvd. (111Q), Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
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ω-Amidase: an underappreciated, but important enzyme in l-glutamine and l-asparagine metabolism; relevance to sulfur and nitrogen metabolism, tumor biology and hyperammonemic diseases. Amino Acids 2015; 48:1-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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37
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Harris-White ME, Ferbas KG, Johnson MF, Eslami P, Poteshkina A, Venkova K, Christov A, Hensley K. A cell-penetrating ester of the neural metabolite lanthionine ketimine stimulates autophagy through the mTORC1 pathway: Evidence for a mechanism of action with pharmacological implications for neurodegenerative pathologies. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 84:60-8. [PMID: 25779968 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental cellular recycling process vulnerable to compromise in neurodegeneration. We now report that a cell-penetrating neurotrophic and neuroprotective derivative of the central nervous system (CNS) metabolite, lanthionine ketimine (LK), stimulates autophagy in RG2 glioma and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells at concentrations within or below pharmacological levels reported in previous mouse studies. Autophagy stimulation was evidenced by increased lipidation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) both in the absence and presence of bafilomycin-A1 which discriminates between effects on autophagic flux versus blockage of autophagy clearance. LKE treatment caused changes in protein level or phosphorylation state of multiple autophagy pathway proteins including mTOR; p70S6 kinase; unc-51-like-kinase-1 (ULK1); beclin-1 and LC3 in a manner essentially identical to effects observed after rapamycin treatment. The LKE site of action was near mTOR because neither LKE nor the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin affected tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) phosphorylation status upstream from mTOR. Confocal immunofluorescence imaging revealed that LKE specifically decreased mTOR (but not TSC2) colocalization with LAMP2(+) lysosomes in RG2 cells, a necessary event for mTORC1-mediated autophagy suppression, whereas rapamycin had no effect. Suppression of the LK-binding adaptor protein CRMP2 (collapsin response mediator protein-2) by means of shRNA resulted in diminished autophagy flux, suggesting that the LKE action on mTOR localization may occur through a novel mechanism involving CRMP2-mediated intracellular trafficking. These findings clarify the mechanism-of-action for LKE in preclinical models of CNS disease, while suggesting possible roles for natural lanthionine metabolites in regulating CNS autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni E Harris-White
- Veterans Administration-Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kathie G Ferbas
- Veterans Administration-Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA; Pepperdine University, Seaver College, Natural Sciences Division, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - Ming F Johnson
- Veterans Administration-Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Pirooz Eslami
- Veterans Administration-Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Kalina Venkova
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Alexandar Christov
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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