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Zhu H, Yang Y, Duan Y, Zheng X, Lin Z, Zhou J. Nrf2/FSP1/CoQ10 axis-mediated ferroptosis is involved in sodium aescinate-induced nephrotoxicity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 759:110100. [PMID: 39033970 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Sodium aescinate (SA), an active compound found in horse chestnut seeds, is widely used in clinical practice. Recently, the incidence of SA-induced adverse events, particularly renal impairment, has increased. Our previous work demonstrated that SA causes severe nephrotoxicity via nephrocyte ferroptosis; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. In the current study, we investigated additional molecular pathways involved in SA-induced nephrotoxicity. Our results showed that SA inhibited cell viability, disrupted cellular membrane integrity, and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS), ferrous iron (Fe2+), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as lipid peroxidation in rat proximal renal tubular epithelial cell line (NRK-52E) cells. SA also depleted coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, ubiquinone) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and reduced ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) and polyprenyltransferase (coenzyme Q2, COQ2) activity, triggering lipid peroxidation and ROS accumulation in mouse kidneys and NRK-52E cells. The overexpression of COQ2, FSP1, or CoQ10 (ubiquinone) supplementation effectively attenuated SA-induced ferroptosis, whereas iFSP1 or 4-formylbenzoic acid (4-CBA) pretreatment exacerbated SA-induced nephrotoxicity. Additionally, SA decreased nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels and inhibited Nrf2 binding to the -1170/-1180 bp ARE site in FSP1 promoter, resulting in FSP1 suppression. Overexpression of Nrf2 or its agonist dimethyl fumarate (DMF) promoted FSP1 expression, thereby improving cellular antioxidant capacity and alleviating SA-induced ferroptosis. These results suggest that SA-triggers renal injury through oxidative stress and ferroptosis, driven by the suppression of the Nrf2/FSP1/CoQ10 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Yichun University,576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun 336000, P.R. China
| | - Yijing Yang
- School of Medicine, Yichun University,576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun 336000, P.R. China
| | - Yenan Duan
- School of Medicine, Yichun University,576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun 336000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zheng
- School of Medicine, Yichun University,576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun 336000, P.R. China
| | - Zixiong Lin
- School of Medicine, Yichun University,576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun 336000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Medicine, Yichun University,576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun 336000, P.R. China.
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Guo W, Zhang J, Feng Y. Treatment of neuropathic pain by traditional Chinese medicine: An updated review on their effect and putative mechanisms of action. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2962-2992. [PMID: 38600617 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common chronic pain with heterogeneous clinical features, and consequent lowering of quality of life. Currently, although conventional chemical drugs can effectively manage NP symptoms in the short term, their long-term efficacy is limited, and they come with significant side effects. In this regard, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provides a promising avenue for treating NP. Numerous pharmacological and clinical studies have substantiated the effectiveness of TCM with multiple targets and mechanisms. We aimed to outline the characteristics of TCM, including compound prescriptions, single Chinese herbs, active ingredients, and TCM physical therapy, for NP treatment and discussed their efficacy by analyzing the pathogenesis of NP. Various databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang database, were searched. We focused on recent research progress in NP treatment by TCM. Finally, we proposed the future challenges and emerging trends in the treatment of NP. TCM demonstrates significant clinical efficacy in NP treatment, employing multi-mechanisms. Drawing from the theory of syndrome differentiation, four types of dialectical treatments for NP by compound TCM prescriptions were introduced: promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis; promoting blood circulation and promote Qi flow; warming Yang and benefiting Qi; soothing the liver and regulating Qi. Meanwhile, 33 single Chinese herbs and 25 active ingredients were included. In addition, TCM physical therapy (e.g., acupuncture, massage, acupoint injection, and fumigation) also showed good efficacy in NP treatment. TCM, particularly through the use of compound prescriptions and acupuncture, holds bright prospects in treating NP owing to its diverse holistic effects. Nonetheless, the multi-targets of TCM may result in possible disadvantages to NP treatment, and the pharmacological mechanisms of TCM need further evaluation. Here, we provide an overview of NP treatment via TCM, based on the pathogenesis and the potential therapeutic mechanisms, thus providing a reference for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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3
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Zhu H, Duan Y, Yang Y, Chen E, Huang H, Wang X, Zhou J. Sodium aescinate induces renal toxicity by promoting Nrf2/GPX4-mediated ferroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 391:110892. [PMID: 38364601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Sodium aescinate (SA) is extracted from Aesculus wilsonii Rehd seeds and was first marketed as a medicament in German. With the wide application of SA in clinical practice, reports of adverse drug reactions and adverse events have gradually increased, including renal impairment. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of SA have not yet been fully elucidated. The toxic effects and underlying mechanisms of SA were explored in this study. Our data showed that SA significantly elevated the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr) and Kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1), accompanied by pathologically significant changes in renal tissue. SA induced NRK-52E cell death and disrupted the integrity of the cell membrane. Moreover, SA caused significant reductions in FTH, Nrf2, xCT, GPX4, and FSP1 levels, but increased TFR1 and ACSL4 levels. SA decreased glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) levels, but improved Fe2+, malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels, ultimately leading to the induction of ferroptosis. Importantly, inhibition of ferroptosis or activation of the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway prevented SA-induced nephrotoxicity. These findings indicated that SA induced oxidative damage and ferroptosis-mediated kidney injury by suppressing the Nrf2/GPX4 axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Yenan Duan
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Yijing Yang
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Enqing Chen
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Hanxin Huang
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Medicine, Yichun University, 576 XueFu Road, Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, PR China.
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Mei T, Ma L, Kong F. Sodium aescinate improve behavioral performance by inhibiting dorsal raphe nucleus NLRP3 inflammasome in Post-traumatic stress disorder Rat Model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 671:166-172. [PMID: 37302291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hippocampus and amygdala is involved in the pathophysiology of PTSD. Our previous studies have demonstrated that apoptosis of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) contributes to the pathological progression of PTSD. Recent studies by others have shown that in brain injury sodium aescinate (SA) has a protective effect on neurons by inhibiting inflammatory response pathways, thereby relieving symptoms. Here, we extend the therapeutic effects of SA to PTSD rats. We found that PTSD was associated with significant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in DRN, whereas administration of SA significantly inhibited DRN NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduced DRN apoptosis level. SA also improved learning and memory ability and reduced anxiety and depression level in PTSD rats. In addition, NLRP3 inflammasome activation in DRN of PTSD rats impaired mitochondria function by inhibiting ATP synthesis and increasing ROS production, whereas SA can effectively reverse the pathological progression of mitochondria. We recommend SA as a new candidate for the pharmacological treatment of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Mei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Linchuan Ma
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Xin Tai City, Taian, China
| | - Fanzhen Kong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
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Yu H, Yan S, Jin M, Wei Y, Zhao L, Cheng J, Ding L, Feng H. Aescin can alleviate NAFLD through Keap1-Nrf2 by activating antioxidant and autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 113:154746. [PMID: 36905866 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic liver disease worldwide. It has been proven that aescin (Aes), a bioactive compound derived from the ripe dried fruit of Aesculus chinensis Bunge, has a number of physiologically active properties like anti-inflammatory and anti-edema, however it has not been investigated as a potential solution for NAFLD. PURPOSE This study's major goal was to determine whether Aes can treat NAFLD and the mechanism underlying its therapeutic benefits. METHODS We constructed HepG2 cell models in vitro that were affected by oleic and palmitic acids, as well as in vivo models for acute lipid metabolism disorder caused by tyloxapol and chronic NAFLD caused by high-fat diet. RESULTS We discovered that Aes could promote autophagy, activate the Nrf2 pathway, and ameliorate lipid accumulation and oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo. Nevertheless, in Autophagy-related proteins 5 (Atg5) and Nrf2 knockout mice, Aes lost its curative impact on NAFLD. Computer simulations show that Aes might interact with Keap1, which might allow Aes to increase Nrf2 transfer into the nucleus and perform its function. Importantly, Aes's stimulation of autophagy in the liver was hampered in Nrf2 knockout mice. This suggested that the impact of Aes in inducing autophagy may be connected to the Nrf2 pathway. CONCLUSION We first discovered Aes's regulating effects on liver autophagy and oxidative stress in NAFLD. And we found Aes may combine the Keap1 and regulate autophagy in the liver by affecting Nrf2 activation to exert its protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Siru Yan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Meiyu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Yunfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Lilei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Lu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Haihua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China.
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Fazliev S, Tursunov K, Razzokov J, Sharipov A. Escin's Multifaceted Therapeutic Profile in Treatment and Post-Treatment of Various Cancers: A Comprehensive Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020315. [PMID: 36830684 PMCID: PMC9952945 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although modern medicine is advancing at an unprecedented rate, basic challenges in cancer treatment and drug resistance remain. Exploiting natural-product-based drugs is a strategy that has been proven over time to provide diverse and efficient approaches in patient care during treatment and post-treatment periods of various diseases, including cancer. Escin-a plant-derived triterpenoid saponin-is one example of natural products with a broad therapeutic scope. Initially, escin was proven to manifest potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oedematous effects. However, in the last two decades, other novel activities of escin relevant to cancer treatment have been reported. Recent studies demonstrated escin's efficacy in compositions with other approved drugs to accomplish synergy and increased bioavailability to broaden their apoptotic, anti-metastasis, and anti-angiogenetic effects. Here, we comprehensively discuss and present an overview of escin's chemistry and bioavailability, and highlight its biological activities against various cancer types. We conclude the review by presenting possible future directions of research involving escin for medical and pharmaceutical applications as well as for basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunnatullo Fazliev
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Khurshid Tursunov
- Department of Inorganic, Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Oybek Street 45, Tashkent 100015, Uzbekistan
- State Center for Expertise and Standardization of Medicines, Medical Devices and Medical Equipment, Agency for the Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry under the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Ozod Street 16, Tashkent 100002, Uzbekistan
| | - Jamoliddin Razzokov
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, National Research University TIIAME, Kori Niyoziy 39, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
- College of Engineering, Akfa University, Milliy Bog Street 264, Tashkent 111221, Uzbekistan
- Department of Physics, National University of Uzbekistan, Universitet 4, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, Centre for Advanced Technologies, Universitet 7, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Avez Sharipov
- Department of Inorganic, Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Oybek Street 45, Tashkent 100015, Uzbekistan
- Department of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Yunusota Street 46, Tashkent 100114, Uzbekistan
- Correspondence:
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Chen J, Chen T, Wang Y, Meng J, Tan G, Zhao Q, Feng S, Xu L, Pei Q. Oxidative stress disrupts the cytoskeleton of spinal motor neurons. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2870. [PMID: 36579576 PMCID: PMC9927851 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common and devastating central nervous disease, the treatment of which faces many challenges to the medical community and society as a whole. Treatment measures based on oxidative stress of spinal motor neurons during SCI are expected to help restore biological functions of neurons under injury conditions. However, to date, there are no systematic reports regarding oxidative stress on spinal motor neuron injury. Our aim is to better understand and explain the influences and mechanisms of oxidative stress on spinal motor neurons during SCI. METHODS We first exposed VSC4.1 motor neurons to hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and evaluated the effects on cell viability, morphology, cycling, and apoptosis, with an emphasis on the changes to the cytoskeleton and the effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) on these changes. Then, we investigated the effects of NAC on these cytoskeletal changes in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found that H2 O2 caused severe damage to the normal cytoskeleton, leading to a reduction in neurite length and number, rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, and disorder of the microtubules and neurofilaments in VSC4.1. Importantly, NAC attenuated the oxidative damage of spinal motor neurons in vitro and in vivo, promoting the recovery of hindlimb motor ability in mice with SCI at the early stage of injury. CONCLUSION This study shows that oxidative stress plays an important role in the cytoskeleton destruction of spinal motor neurons in SCI, and treatment of SCI on this basis is a promising strategy. These findings will help to elucidate the role of oxidative stress in spinal motor neuron injury in SCI and provide references for further research into the study of the pathology and underlying mechanism of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.,School of Graduate, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yeyang Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Meng
- Central Laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangjiao Tan
- Central Laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiurong Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shilong Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinqin Pei
- Central Laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Xu F, Jiang Y, Wang X, Shen L, Yan Y, Guo D, Wang C. Sodium aescinate inhibits microglia activation through NF-κB pathway and exerts neuroprotective effect. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1086429. [PMID: 36778008 PMCID: PMC9908748 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1086429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Microglia are resident immune cells of the central nervous system that sense environmental changes and maintain central nervous system homeostasis. Dysfunctional microglia produce toxic mediators that lead to neuronal death. Recent studies suggest that Sodium Aescinate has a neuroprotective effect. However, it is unclear whether Sodium Aescinate exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting activation of microglia. Method: Traumatic brain injury and lipopolysaccharide neuroinflammation model were used to evaluate the microglia activation in vivo. BV2 and primary microglia cells were used to assess the microglia activation in vitro. Molecular docking technique was used to predict the binding energy of Sodium Aescinate to NF-κB signaling pathway proteins. Result: Sodium Aescinate inhibited microglial activation in-vivo and in-vitro. Sodium Aescinate inhibited the activation of microglia in Traumatic brain injury and lipopolysaccharide mouse models. Sodium Aescinate also inhibited the expression of inflammatory proteins in BV2 and primary microglia cells. Western blot experiment showed that SA inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway in BV2 and primary microglia cells. Molecular docking results also showed that Sodium Aescinate had a better affinity with the core protein of the NF-κB pathway. Western blot identified that SA inhibited activation of NF-κB pathway. In Traumatic brain injury model and conditioned medium experiment, Sodium Aescinate pretreatment inhibited inflammation and protected neuron. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that the protection effects of Sodium Aescinate on neurons by inhibiting microglia activation through NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China,Department of Pharmacy, The People’s Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Dongkai Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Dongkai Guo, ; Cheng Wang,
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China,High-tech Zone social utilities bureau of Suzhou, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Dongkai Guo, ; Cheng Wang,
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Cao HN, Ruan JY, Han Y, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Gao C, Wu HH, Ma L, Gao XM, Zhang Y, Wang T. NO Release Inhibitory Activity of Flavonoids from Aesculus Wilsonii Seeds through MAPK (P38), NF-κB, and STAT3 Cross-Talk Signaling Pathways. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:46-61. [PMID: 35253147 DOI: 10.1055/a-1789-2983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoid constituents of Aesculus wilsonii, a source of the Chinese medicinal drug Suo Luo Zi, and their in vitro anti-inflammatory effects were investigated. Fifteen flavonoids, including aeswilflavonosides IA-IC (1: - 3: ) and aeswilflavonosides IIA-IIE (4: - 8: ), along with seven known derivatives were isolated from a seed extract. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, acid and alkaline hydrolysis, and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Among them, compounds 3: and 7: possess a 5-[2-(carboxymethyl)-5-oxocyclopent-yl]pent-3-enylate or oleuropeoylate substituent, respectively, which are rarely reported in flavonoids. Compounds 2, 3, 7: , and 12: - 15: were found to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cell lines. In a mechanistic assay, the flavonoid glycosides 2, 3: , and 7: reduced the expressions of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced by lipopolysaccharide. Further investigations suggest that 2: and 3: downregulated the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38. Compound 7: was found to reduce the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 through inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B signaling pathway. Compounds 2, 3: , and 7: possessed moderate inhibitory activity on the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3. Taken together, the data indicate that the flavonoid glycosides of A. wilsonii seeds exhibit nitric oxide release inhibitory activity through mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B, and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 cross-talk signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Na Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Ya Ruan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Han
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Hua Wu
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiu Mei Gao
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China
- Institute of TCM, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China
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Nrf2 Activation: Involvement in Central Nervous System Traumatic Injuries. A Promising Therapeutic Target of Natural Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010199. [PMID: 36613649 PMCID: PMC9820431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) trauma, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI), represents an increasingly important health burden in view of the preventability of most injuries and the complex and expensive medical care that they necessitate. These injuries are characterized by different signs of neurodegeneration, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. Cumulative evidence suggests that the transcriptional factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a crucial defensive role in regulating the antioxidant response. It has been demonstrated that several natural compounds are able to activate Nrf2, mediating its antioxidant response. Some of these compounds have been tested in experimental models of SCI and TBI, showing different neuroprotective properties. In this review, an overview of the preclinical studies that highlight the positive effects of natural bioactive compounds in SCI and TBI experimental models through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway has been provided. Interestingly, several natural compounds can activate Nrf2 through multiple pathways, inducing a strong antioxidant response against CNS trauma. Therefore, some of these compounds could represent promising therapeutic strategies for these pathological conditions.
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Ito S, Kakuta Y, Yoshida K, Shirota Y, Mieda T, Iizuka Y, Chikuda H, Iizuka H, Nakamura K. A simple scoring of beam walking performance after spinal cord injury in mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272233. [PMID: 35951582 PMCID: PMC9371269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise evaluation of motor functions using simple and reproducible tests for mouse models of spinal cord injury (SCI) are required. Overground walking of SCI mice has been tested by Basso Mouse Scale for locomotion (BMS). In contrast, only a few works quantify walking performances of SCI mice on narrow beams, a different task. Here, we established a novel scoring system using a single beam walking apparatus for SCI mice. The scoring system uses binary judgments of values such as retention, moving forward and reaching the goal on a beam for rating. In addition, high score was given to SCI mouse when the mouse efficiently used hindlimbs for locomotion on the beam. A high rate of concordance of the score derived from positions of hindlimbs between two observers was obtained. Mice displayed the lowest total score on the beam immediately after the SCI, then the score gradually increased like time course of BMS score. Furthermore, the total scores reflected gradation of severity of SCI in 2 strains of mice. The beam walking score proved to be strongly correlated with that of BMS score, indicating that performances between overground walking and beam walking are partly correlated in SCI mice. Collectively, the novel scoring system offers an opportunity to easily evaluate motor performances of mice with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yohei Kakuta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuma Shirota
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tokue Mieda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoichi Iizuka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Chikuda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haku Iizuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Isesaki Municipal Hospital, Isesaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Targeting Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress Response in Traumatic Brain Injury: Therapeutic Perspectives of Phytochemicals. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1015791. [PMID: 35419162 PMCID: PMC9001080 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1015791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), known as mechanical damage to the brain, impairs the normal function of the brain seriously. Its clinical symptoms manifest as behavioral impairment, cognitive decline, communication difficulties, etc. The pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI are complex and involve inflammatory response, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and so on. Among them, oxidative stress, one of the important mechanisms, occurs at the beginning and accompanies the whole process of TBI. Most importantly, excessive oxidative stress causes BBB disruption and brings injury to lipids, proteins, and DNA, leading to the generation of lipid peroxidation, damage of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, neuronal apoptosis, and neuroinflammatory response. Transcription factor NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), a basic leucine zipper protein, plays an important role in the regulation of antioxidant proteins, such as oxygenase-1(HO-1), NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), to protect against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. Recently, emerging evidence indicated the knockout (KO) of Nrf2 aggravates the pathology of TBI, while the treatment of Nrf2 activators inhibits neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammatory responses via reducing oxidative damage. Phytochemicals from fruits, vegetables, grains, and other medical herbs have been demonstrated to activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway and exert neuroprotective effects in TBI. In this review, we emphasized the contributive role of oxidative stress in the pathology of TBI and the protective mechanism of the Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response for the treatment of TBI. In addition, we summarized the research advances of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, terpenoids, natural pigments, and otherwise, in the activation of Nrf2 signaling and their potential therapies for TBI. Although there is still limited clinical application evidence for these natural Nrf2 activators, we believe that the combinational use of phytochemicals such as Nrf2 activators with gene and stem cell therapy will be a promising therapeutic strategy for TBI in the future.
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The Effect of Cutibacterium acnes Infection on Nerve Penetration in the Annulus Fibrosus of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs via Suppressing Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9120674. [PMID: 35265268 PMCID: PMC8898795 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9120674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Modic changes (MCs) and low back pain are highly correlated and an economic burden to the society. Previous studies have shown that Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) infection can lead to MCs. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether and how C. acnes contributes to oxidative stress and nerve growth that potentially leads to low back pain. Neurons from the hippocampus or dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were cocultured with annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) with or without the presence of the C. acnes supernatant in vitro. Cell viability, neurite length, oxidative stress, and neuro-related gene expression were examined. Furthermore, samples from the patients with MCs and SD rat model of MCs were used to validate the nerve growth results. Neurons from both the hippocampus and DRG showed neurites when cocultured with AFCs in the environment with/without the C. acnes supernatant. The average neurite length was significantly longer when exposed to the C. acnes supernatant in the hippocampal neuron (217.1 ± 90.0 μm versus 150.1 ± 68.1 μm in the control group) and in the DRG neuron (229.1 ± 91.3 μm versus 149.2 ± 64.8 μm in the control group). Hippocampal neurons showed upregulated expression levels of NeuN, Map2, and Psd95, while upregulation was only seen in Tuj-1 in DRG neurons. Suppressed oxidative stress could be observed using axon growth symbols. Degenerated disc structures and abnormal bone remodelling were found in animal models and clinical samples of MCs, with astrocytes, microglia, and neurons in the disc. Therefore, C. acnes infection was found to cause back pain in the presence of MCs by promoting nerve penetration into the annulus fibrosus by suppressing oxidative stress.
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14
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Aescin Protects against Experimental Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Preserves Prostate Histomorphology in Rats via Suppression of Inflammatory Cytokines and COX-2. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020130. [PMID: 35215244 PMCID: PMC8880638 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common urogenital condition in aging males, while inflammation and tissue proliferation constitute the main pathophysiological factors. The adverse effects of currently available BPH medications limit patient compliance. We tested the protective effect of aescin against the development of BPH in rats. Methods: A total of 18 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control (sesame oil 1 mL/kg, s.c.); BPH (testosterone oenanthate 3 mg/kg, s.c., in sesame oil), and BPH-aescin rats (testosterone oenanthate 3 mg/kg, s.c. + aescin 10 mg/kg/day, p.o.). All treatments continued for 4 weeks. Serum and prostatic samples were harvested for biochemical and histopathological examination. Results: Induction of BPH by testosterone increased the prostate weight and prostate weight index, serum testosterone, prostate expression of inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2), and proliferative markers (PCNA and TGF-β1). Concurrent treatment with aescin decreased the testosterone-induced increase in prostatic IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2 expression by 47.9%, 71.2%, and 64.4%, respectively. Moreover, aescin reduced the prostatic proliferation markers TGF-β1 and PCNA by 58.3% and 71.9%, respectively, and normalized the prostate weight. Conclusion: The results of this study showed, for the first time, that aescin protected against the development of experimental BPH in rats via its anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. These findings warrant further studies to clinically repurpose aescin in the management of BPH.
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Chen S, Wu L, He B, Zhou G, Xu Y, Zhu G, Xie J, Chen S, Yao L, Huang J, Wu H, Xiao Z. Artemisinin Facilitates Motor Function Recovery by Enhancing Motoneuronal Survival and Axonal Remyelination in Rats Following Brachial Plexus Root Avulsion. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3148-3156. [PMID: 34465091 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin (ART), a well-known antimalarial medicine originally isolated from the plant Artemisia annua, exerts neuroprotective effects in the nervous system owing to an antioxidant effect. Here, we determined whether ART is capable of inhibiting the oxidative stress to enhance motoneuronal (MN) survival to promote motor function recovery of rats following brachial plexus root avulsion (BPRA) with reimplantation surgery. Rats following BPRA and reimplantation were subcutaneously injected with 500 μL of PBS or 16 mg/mL ART once daily for 7 days after surgery. Terzis grooming test (TGT), histochemical staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot were conducted to determine the recovery of motor function of the upper limb, the survival rate of MNs, the oxidative stress levels in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, the morphology of abnormal musculocutaneous nerve fibers, the remyelination of axons in musculocutaneous nerves, and the degree of bicep atrophy. ART significantly increased TGT score, improved the survival of MNs, inhibited the oxidative stress, ameliorated the abnormal morphology of fibers in the musculocutaneous nerve, promoted the remyelination of axons, and alleviated muscle atrophy. Take together, ART can improve the survival of MNs and axonal remyelination to promote the motor function recovery via inhibiting oxidative stress, suggesting that ART may represent a new approach to the therapy of spinal root avulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Guijuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Shuangqin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jianghua Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Heng Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zijian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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16
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Wang Z, Yang L. Chinese herbal medicine: Fighting SARS-CoV-2 infection on all fronts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113869. [PMID: 33485973 PMCID: PMC7825841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly pathogenic virus that has spread rapidly across the entire world. There is a critical need to develop safe and effective drugs, especially broad-spectrum antiviral and organ protection agents in order to treat and prevent this dangerous disease. It is possible that Chinese herbal medicine may play an essential role in the treatment of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. AIM OF THE REVIEW We aim to review the use of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 both in vitro and in clinical practice. Our goal was to provide a better understanding of the potential therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine and to establish a "Chinese protocol" for the treatment of COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically reviewed published research relating to traditional Chinese herbal medicines and the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 from inception to the 6th January 2021 by screening a range of digital databases (Web of Science, bioRxiv, medRxiv, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, X-MOL, Wanfang Data, Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, and other resources) and public platforms relating to the management of clinical trials. We included the active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines, monomer preparations, crude extracts, and formulas for the treatment of COVID-19. RESULTS In mainland China, a range of Chinese herbal medicines have been recognized as very promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, including active ingredients (quercetagetin, osajin, tetrandrine, proscillaridin A, and dihydromyricetin), monomer preparations (xiyanping injection, matrine-sodium chloride injection, diammonium glycyrrhizinate enteric-coated capsules, and sodium aescinate injection), crude extracts (Scutellariae Radix extract and garlic essential oil), and formulas (Qingfei Paidu decoction, Lianhuaqingwen capsules, and Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid). All these agents have potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 and have attracted significant attention due to their activities both in vitro and in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS As a key component of the COVID-19 treatment regimen, Chinese herbal medicines have played an irreplaceable role in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The "Chinese protocol" has already demonstrated clear clinical importance. The use of Chinese herbal medicines that are capable of inhibiting SARS-Cov-2 infection may help to address this immediate unmet clinical need and may be attractive to other countries that are also seeking new options for effective COVID-19 treatment. Our analyses suggest that countries outside of China should also consider protocols involving Chinese herbal medicines combat this fast-spreading viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Liyan Yang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China.
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Cheng P, Xie J, Liu Z, Wang J. Aldose reductase deficiency inhibits LPS-induced M1 response in macrophages by activating autophagy. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:61. [PMID: 33771228 PMCID: PMC8004403 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage M1 polarization mediates inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Recently, aldose reductase (AR) has been shown to play a critical role in M1 polarization in macrophages. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, that AR deficiency repressed the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages via activation of autophagy. This suppression was related to a defect in the inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) kinase (IKK) complex in the classical NF-κB pathway. However, the mRNA levels of IKKβ and IKKγ were not reduced in LPS-treated AR knockout (KO) macrophages, indicating that their proteins were downregulated at the post-transcriptional level. We discovered that LPS stimuli induced the recruitment of more beclin1 and increased autophagosome formation in AR-deficient macrophages. Blocking autophagy through 3-methyladenine and ammonium chloride treatment restored IKKβ and IKKγ protein levels and increased nitric oxide synthase production in LPS-stimulated AR-deficient macrophages. More assembled IKKβ and IKKγ underwent ubiquitination and recruited the autophagic adaptor p62 in LPS-induced AR KO macrophages, promoting their delivery to autophagosomes and lysosomes. Collectively, these findings suggest that AR deficiency is involved in the regulation of NF-κB signaling, and extends the role of selective autophagy in fine-tuned M1 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Second Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command (425th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army), Sanya, 572000, China. .,Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jianwei Xie
- Department of Neurology, Second Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command (425th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army), Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command (425th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army), Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Delivery of pOXR1 through an injectable liposomal nanoparticle enhances spinal cord injury regeneration by alleviating oxidative stress. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3177-3191. [PMID: 33778197 PMCID: PMC7970014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidation resistance 1 (OXR1) is regarded as a critical regulator of cellular homeostasis in response to oxidative stress. However, the role of OXR1 in the neuronal response to spinal cord injury (SCI) remains undefined. On the other hand, gene therapy for SCI has shown limited success to date due in part to the poor utility of conventional gene vectors. In this study, we evaluated the function of OXR1 in SCI and developed an available carrier for delivering the OXR1 plasmid (pOXR1). We found that OXR1 expression is remarkably increased after SCI and that this regulation is protective after SCI. Meanwhile, we assembled cationic nanoparticles with vitamin E succinate-grafted ε-polylysine (VES-g-PLL) (Nps). The pOXR1 was precompressed with Nps and then encapsulated into cationic liposomes. The particle size of pOXR1 was compressed to 58 nm, which suggests that pOXR1 can be encapsulated inside liposomes with high encapsulation efficiency and stability to enhance the transfection efficiency. The agarose gel results indicated that Nps-pOXR1-Lip eliminated the degradation of DNA by DNase I and maintained its activity, and the cytotoxicity results indicated that pOXR1 was successfully transported into cells and exhibited lower cytotoxicity. Finally, Nps-pOXR1-Lip promoted functional recovery by alleviating neuronal apoptosis, attenuating oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammation. Therefore, our study provides considerable evidence that OXR1 is a beneficial factor in resistance to SCI and that Nps-Lip-pOXR1 exerts therapeutic effects in acute traumatic SCI. OXR1 is upregulated after SCI and may provide a protective effect in response to neural injury. OXR1 plasmid is condensed by VES-g-PLL micelles and then encapsulated into cationic liposomes. Liposome complexes significantly enhance the OXR1 protein expression in vivo and in vitro. Overexpressed OXR1 relieving oxidative stress after SCI through Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.
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Photobiomodulation Promotes Neuronal Axon Regeneration After Oxidative Stress and Induces a Change in Polarization from M1 to M2 in Macrophages via Stimulation of CCL2 in Neurons: Relevance to Spinal Cord Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1290-1300. [PMID: 33417168 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To study the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on axon regeneration and secretion change of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) under oxidative stress after spinal cord injury (SCI), and further explore the effect of changes in DRG secretion caused by PBM on the polarization of macrophages. The PBM-DRG model was constructed to perform PBM on neurons under oxidative stress simulated in vitro. And the irradiation conditions were as follows: wavelength, 810 nm; power density, 2 mW/cm2; irradiation area, 4.5 cm2; and irradiation time, 440 s. Then resulted in an energy of 4 J (2 mW/cm2 × 4.5 cm2 × 440 s). About 100 μM H202 was added to the culture medium to simulate oxidative stress after SCI. An ROS (reactive oxygen species) assay kit was used to measure ROS contend in the DRG. The survival level of the neurons was measured using the CCK-8 method, and the axon regeneration of neurons was observed by using immunofluorescence. The secretion level of CCL2 from DRG was determined by RT-qPCR and ELISA. Further culturing macrophages of DRG-conditioned medium culture, the expression level of iNOS and Arg-1 in macrophages was assessed using Western blot analysis. The expression level of TNF-α and IL-1β was determined by ELISA. After adding the neutralizing antibody of CCL2 to the DRG neuron-conditioned medium following PBM irradiation to culture macrophages to observe the effects on macrophage polarization and secretion. PBM could reduce ROS levels in neurons, increase neuronal survival under oxidative stress, and promote neuronal axon regeneration. In addition, PBM could also promote CCL2 secretion by DRG under oxidative stress. By constructing a DRG supernatant-M1 macrophage adoptive culture model, we found that the supernatant of DRG after PBM intervention could reduce the expression level of iNOS and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β in M1 macrophages; at the same time, it could also up-regulate the expression of Arg-1, one of the markers of M2 macrophages. Furthermore, these effects could be prevented by the addition of neutralizing antibodies of CCL2. PBM could promote survival and axonal regeneration of DRG under SCI oxidative stress, increase the secretion level of CCL2 by DRG, and this change can reduce the polarization of macrophages to M1, further indicating that PBM could promote spinal cord injury repair.
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20
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Yang Y, Wang L, Yuan M, Yu Q, Fu F. Anti-Inflammatory and Gastroprotective Effects of Escin. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20982111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Escin is a triterpenoid saponin extracted from the fruit of Aesculus wilsonii Rehd. and Aesculus hippocastanum (Hippocastanaceae). Clinically, it is widely used in the treatment of edema induced by either trauma or surgery, as well as treating chronic venous insufficiency. The anti-inflammatory and antiedema effects of escin have been extensively investigated. This article systematically reviews the effects of escin on inflammation and gastrointestinal diseases, including its role in inflammation, as an antioxidant, and in inhibiting gastric acid secretion and promoting gastrointestinal movement, especially, the molecular mechanism. The advantages and potential uses of escin have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Man Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Yantai, P. R. China
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21
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Aescin Protects Neuron from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Regulating the PRAS40/mTOR Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7815325. [PMID: 33062146 PMCID: PMC7547341 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7815325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of disability; widely use of endovascular thrombectomy or intravenous thrombolysis leads to more attention on ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R injury). Aescin, a natural compound isolated from the seed of the horse chestnut, has been demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antiedematous effects previously. This study was aimed at determining whether aescin could induce protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury and exploring the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Primary cultured neurons were subjected to 2 hours of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by 24 hours of simulated reperfusion. Aescin, which worked in a dose-dependent manner, could significantly attenuate neuronal death and reduce lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release after OGD and simulated reperfusion. Aescin treatment at a concentration of 50 μg/ml provided protection with fewer side effects. Results showed that aescin upregulated the phosphorylation level of PRAS40 and proteins in the mTOR signaling pathway, including S6K and 4E-BP1. However, PRAS40 knockdown or rapamycin treatment was able to undermine and even abolish the protective effects of aescin; meanwhile, the levels of phosphorylation PRAS40 and proteins in the mTOR signaling pathway were obviously decreased. Hence, our study demonstrated that aescin provided neuronal protective effects against I/R injury through the PRAS40/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro. These results might contribute to the potential clinical application of aescin and provide a therapeutic target on subsequent cerebral I/R injury.
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22
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Escin alleviates peripheral neuropathy in streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Life Sci 2020; 254:117777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Pan Y, Zhang Y, Yuan J, Ma X, Zhao Y, Li Y, Li F, Gong X, Zhao J, Tang H, Wang J. Tetrahydrocurcumin mitigates acute hypobaric hypoxia-induced cerebral oedema and inflammation through the NF-κB/VEGF/MMP-9 pathway. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2963-2977. [PMID: 32573860 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High-altitude cerebral oedema (HACE) is a potentially fatal manifestation of high-altitude sickness and is caused partly by inflammation and the blood-brain barrier disruption. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) has been reported to exert effective antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects; This study sought to elucidate the underlying mechanism of THC in mitigating HACE using a mouse model. Our results revealed that prophylactic administration of THC (40 mg/kg) for 3 days significantly alleviated the increase in brain water content (BWC), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and TNF-α levels caused by acute hypobaric hypoxia (AHH). Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased by THC to enhance the ability to resist hypoxia. Histological and ultrastructural analysis of the cerebrum revealed that THC administration mitigated AHH-induced pericellular oedema and reduced the perivascular space, resulting in the simultaneous remission of oedema and protection of mitochondria in the cerebrum. In vitro, astrocytes exposed to hypoxia (4% O2 ) for 24 hr exhibited and increase in IL-1β expression followed by an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Furthermore, THC administration remarkably downregulated VEGF, matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) expression, both in vivo and in vitro. Our data highlight the potential prophylactic activity of THC in HACE, it effectively mitigates AHH-induced cerebral oedema and inflammation is associated with the inhibition of the NF-κB/ VEGF/MMP-9 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pan
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiani Yuan
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuexinyu Ma
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yani Zhao
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yao Li
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Gong
- Center for translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Center for translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Center for translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
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24
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Chen S, Chen H, Du Q, Shen J. Targeting Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Mediated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation for Reducing Brain Ischemia Injury: Potential Application of Natural Compounds. Front Physiol 2020; 11:433. [PMID: 32508671 PMCID: PMC7248223 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are two critical pathological processes of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a critical inflammatory enzyme and therapeutic target triggering both oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. MPO is presented in infiltrated neutrophils, activated microglial cells, neurons, and astrocytes in the ischemic brain. Activation of MPO can catalyze the reaction of chloride and H2O2 to produce HOCl. MPO also mediates oxidative stress by promoting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), modulating the polarization and inflammation-related signaling pathways in microglia and neutrophils. MPO can be a therapeutic target for attenuating oxidative damage and neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke. Targeting MPO with inhibitors or gene deficiency significantly reduced brain infarction and improved neurological outcomes. This article discusses the important roles of MPO in mediating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and reviews the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we summarize the active compounds from medicinal herbs with potential as MPO inhibitors for anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation to attenuate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and as adjunct therapeutic agents for extending the window of thrombolytic treatment. We highlight that targeting MPO could be a promising strategy for alleviating ischemic brain injury, which merits further translational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiaohui Du
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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25
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Zhang N, Liu D, Wei S, Cao S, Feng X, Wang K, Ding L, Qiu F. Phenylethanol glycosides from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis var. chekiangensis. BMC Chem 2020; 14:31. [PMID: 32337510 PMCID: PMC7178748 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new phenylethanol glycosides (1-3) and one known analogue (4) were isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bge. var. chekiangensis. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first isolation of phenylethanol glycosides from the genus of Aesculus, which enriched its chemical composition. Structure elucidations were performed via extensive NMR and HRESIMS data together with comparison with literature data. Thereafter, the isolated compounds were assayed for their neuroprotective activities against CoCl2-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells and compound 3 exhibited moderate activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China.,2Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Liu
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China.,2Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuxiang Wei
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China.,2Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shijie Cao
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China.,2Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinchi Feng
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China
| | - Liqin Ding
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China.,2Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China.,2Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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26
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Sodium aescinate provides neuroprotection in experimental traumatic brain injury via the Nrf2-ARE pathway. Brain Res Bull 2020; 157:26-36. [PMID: 32014567 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sodium aescinate (SA), a natural plant extract, has been proven to provide neuroprotection in neurological diseases. However, its role and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in traumatic brain injury (TBI) are still not well understood. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of SA in both in vivo and in vitro TBI models. Mice or neurons were randomly divided into control, TBI, TBI + vehicle and TBI + SA groups. Neurologic severity score (NSS) was used to evaluate the neurological impairment. Brain water content and lesion volume were used to assess the brain injury degree. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were used to estimate oxidative stress. Western blot was used to determine the protein levels. Nissl and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick 3'-end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to measure cell death and apoptosis. Our results revealed that treatment of SA could improve neurological function, decrease cerebral edema and attenuate brain lesion after TBI. Furthermore, administration of SA suppressed TBI-induced oxidative stress, neuron cell death and apoptosis. In addition, SA activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway after TBI. However, SA failed to provide neuroprotection following TBI in Nrf2-/- mice. Taken together, our results provided the first evidence that SA treatment played a key role in neuroprotection after TBI through the Nrf2-ARE pathway.
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27
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Liu W, Qin F, Wu F, Feng H, Yang Q, Hou L, Peng M, Zhou B, Tang L, Hou C. Sodium aescinate significantly suppress postoperative peritoneal adhesion by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 69:153193. [PMID: 32120245 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mechanical barriers and modern surgical techniques have been developed to prevent postoperative adhesion formation, high incidence of adhesions still represents an important challenge in abdominal surgery. So far, there has been no available therapeutic drug in clinical practice. PURPOSE In this study, we explored the efficacy of sodium aescinate (AESS) treatment against postoperative peritoneal adhesions, the potential molecular mechanism was also investigated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups for the study: the blank, vehicle, positive control and three AESS administration groups (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg/d, intravenous administration for 7 days). Adhesions were induced by discretely ligating peritoneal sidewall. An IL-1β-induced HMrSV5 cell model was also performed to explore possible functional mechanism. RESULTS The results indicated that the incidence and severity of peritoneal adhesions were significantly lower in the AESS-treated groups than that in the vehicle and positive control group. AESS-treated groups showed that the secretion, activity, and expression of tPA in rat peritoneum were notably increased. The FIB levels in rat plasma were decreased. The immunohistochemical staining analysis demonstrated that collagen I and α-SMA deposition were significantly attenuated in AESS-treated peritoneal tissues. Besides, we found that AESS treatment reduced the protein levels of p-MYPT1. To further explore the mechanisms of AESS, both activator and inhibitors of RhoA/ROCK pathway were employed in this study. It was found that AESS-induced up-regulation of tPA was reversed by activator of ROCK, but the effects of ROCK inhibitors were consistent with AESS. CONCLUSION Taken together, the findings of in vivo and in vitro experiments proved that AESS could significantly suppress postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation through inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Our researches provide important pharmacological basis for AESS development as a potential therapeutic agent on peritoneal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Baiyunshan CO. Ltd, BAIYUNSHAN Pharmaceutical General Factory, Guanghzou 510515, China
| | - Fuling Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haixing Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lianbing Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Benjie Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
| | - Lan Tang
- Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Chuqi Hou
- Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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28
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Sun Y, Jiang X, Pan R, Zhou X, Qin D, Xiong R, Wang Y, Qiu W, Wu A, Wu J. Escins Isolated from Aesculus chinensis Bge. Promote the Autophagic Degradation of Mutant Huntingtin and Inhibit its Induced Apoptosis in HT22 cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:116. [PMID: 32158393 PMCID: PMC7052340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease (HD), an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disease, is highly associated with the cytotoxicity-inducing mutant huntingtin (mHtt) protein. Emerging evidence indicates that autophagy plays a pivotal role in degrading aggregated proteins such as mHtt to enhance neuronal viability. In this study, by employing preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (pre-HPLC), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography diode-array-detector quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), three escins, escin IA (EA), escin IB (EB) and isoescin IA (IEA), were isolated and identified from the seed of Aesculus chinensis Bge. (ACB). After EGFP-HTT74-overexpressing HT22 cells were treated with EA, EB and IEA at safe concentrations, the clearance of mHtt and mHtt-induced apoptosis were investigated by Western blot, immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry methods. In addition, the autophagy induced by these escins in HT22 cells was monitored by detecting GFP-LC3 puncta, P62 and LC3 protein expression. The results showed that EA, EB and IEA could significantly decrease mHtt levels and inhibit its induced apoptosis in HT22 cells. In addition, these three saponins induced autophagic flux by increasing the ratio of RFP-LC3 to GFP-LC3, and by decreasing P62 expression. Among the tested escins, EB displayed the best autophagy induction, which was regulated via both the mTOR and ERK signaling pathways. Furthermore, the degradation of mHtt and the commensurate decrease in its cytotoxic effects by EA, EB and IEA were demonstrated to be closely associated with autophagy induction, which depended on ATG7. In conclusion, we are the first to report that the escins, including EA, EB and IEA are novel autophagy inducers that degrade mHtt and inhibit mHtt-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. As a result of these findings, the triterpenoid saponins in ACB might be considered to be promising candidates for the treatment of HD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dalian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yiling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenqiao Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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29
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Zhang N, Wei S, Cao S, Zhang Q, Kang N, Ding L, Qiu F. Bioactive Triterpenoid Saponins From the Seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bge. var. chekiangensis. Front Chem 2020; 7:908. [PMID: 32039145 PMCID: PMC6989559 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Aesculus chinensis Bge. var. chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang obtained 33 triterpenoid saponins, including 14 new ones, aesculiside C–P (1–14). The structure elucidations were performed through comprehensive MS, 1D and 2D-NMR analysis, and their absolute configuration was unambiguously determined by X-ray diffraction analysis as well as Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD method for the first time. All the substances were examined for their cytotoxic activities against three tumor cell lines, Hep G2, HCT-116, and MGC-803. Of these, compounds 8, 9, 14–16, 18, and 22 exhibited potent cytotoxicities against all cell lines with IC50 of 2–21 μM, while compounds 3, 6, 7, 17–19, 20, 24, and 28 depicted moderate activity (IC50 13 to >40 μM). On these bases, the preliminary structure-activity correlations were also discussed. Meanwhile the neuroprotective properties of triterpenoid saponins from Aesculus genus were evaluated for the first time. Among them, compounds 1, 4, 12, 20, 22, 25, 29, and 31 exhibited moderate activities against COCl2-induced PC12 cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuxiang Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shijie Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Kang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqin Ding
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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30
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Can Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds Combat Lipid Peroxidation Product 4-HNE-Induced Deleterious Effects? Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010146. [PMID: 31963301 PMCID: PMC7022924 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic reactive aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) belongs to the advanced lipid peroxidation end products. Accumulation of 4-HNE and formation of 4-HNE adducts induced by redox imbalance participate in several cytotoxic processes, which contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of oxidative stress-related human disorders. Medicinal plants and bioactive natural compounds are suggested to be attractive sources of potential agents to mitigate oxidative stress, but little is known about the therapeutic potentials especially on combating 4-HNE-induced deleterious effects. Of note, some investigations clarify the attenuation of medicinal plants and bioactive compounds on 4-HNE-induced disturbances, but strong evidence is needed that these plants and compounds serve as potent agents in the prevention and treatment of disorders driven by 4-HNE. Therefore, this review highlights the pharmacological basis of these medicinal plants and bioactive compounds to combat 4-HNE-induced deleterious effects in oxidative stress-related disorders, such as neurotoxicity and neurological disorder, eye damage, cardiovascular injury, liver injury, and energy metabolism disorder. In addition, this review briefly discusses with special attention to the strategies for developing potential therapies by future applications of these medicinal plants and bioactive compounds, which will help biological and pharmacological scientists to explore the new vistas of medicinal plants in combating 4-HNE-induced deleterious effects.
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31
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Metformin Promotes Axon Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury through Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Stabilizing Microtubule. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9741369. [PMID: 31998447 PMCID: PMC6969994 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9741369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease that may lead to lifelong disability. Thus, seeking for valid drugs that are beneficial to promoting axonal regrowth and elongation after SCI has gained wide attention. Metformin, a glucose-lowering agent, has been demonstrated to play roles in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, the potential protective effect of metformin on nerve regeneration after SCI is still unclear. In this study, we found that the administration of metformin improved functional recovery after SCI through reducing neuronal cell apoptosis and repairing neurites by stabilizing microtubules via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway with LY294002 partly reversed the therapeutic effects of metformin on SCI in vitro and vivo. Furthermore, metformin treatment weakened the excessive activation of oxidative stress and improved the mitochondrial function by activating the nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription and binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE). Moreover, treatment with Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 partially abolished its antioxidant effect. We also found that the Nrf2 transcription was partially reduced by LY294002 in vitro. Taken together, these results revealed that the role of metformin in nerve regeneration after SCI was probably related to stabilization of microtubules and inhibition of the excessive activation of Akt-mediated Nrf2/ARE pathway-regulated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall, our present study suggests that metformin administration may provide a potential therapy for SCI.
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32
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Zhang X, Liu XD, Xian YF, Zhang F, Huang PY, Tang Y, Yuan QJ, Lin ZX. Berberine enhances survival and axonal regeneration of motoneurons following spinal root avulsion and re-implantation in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:454-470. [PMID: 31472247 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) occurs when the spinal nerve roots are pulled away from the surface of the spinal cord and disconnects neuronal cell body from its distal downstream axon, which induces massive motoneuron death, motor axon degeneration and de-innervation of targeted muscles, thereby resulting in permanent paralysis of motor functions in the upper limb. Avulsion injury triggers oxidative stress and intense local neuroinflammation at the lesioned site, leading to the death of most motoneurons. Berberine (BBR), a natural isoquinoline alkaloid derived from medicinal herbs of Berberis and Coptis species, has been reported to possess neuro-protective, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in various animal models of central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of BBR on motoneuron survival and axonal regeneration following spinal root avulsion plus re-implantation in rats. Our results indicated BBR significantly accelerated motor function recovery in the forelimb as revealed by the increased Terzis grooming test score, facilitated motor axon regeneration as evidenced by the elevated number of Fluoro-Gold-labeled and P75-positive regenerative motoneurons. The survival of motoneurons was notably promoted by BBR administration presented with boosted ChAT-immunopositive and neutral red-stained neurons. BBR treatment efficiently alleviated muscle atrophy, attenuated functional motor endplates loss in biceps and prevented the reduction of motor axons in the musculocutaneous nerve. Additionally, BBR treatment markedly mitigated the avulsion-induced neuroinflammation via inhibiting microglial and astroglial reactivity, up-regulated the expression of antioxidative indicator Cu/Zn SOD, and down-regulated the levels of nNOS, 3-NT, lipid peroxidation and NF-κB, as well as promoted SIRT1, PI3K and Akt activation. Collectively, BBR might be a promising therapy to assist re-implantation surgery for the treatment of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Peng-Yun Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Ying Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Qiu-Ju Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
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33
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Zhang J, Ding R, Xian Q, Wang Z, Liu Z, Yang J, Chen J. Serum cystatin C is increased in acute spinal cord injury: a multicentre retrospective study. Spinal Cord 2019; 58:341-347. [PMID: 31586154 PMCID: PMC7062626 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-019-0360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Study design A multicentre retrospective study. Objective A multicentre retrospective study was performed to observe the changes in serum cystatin C (CysC) levels in patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting Four hospitals in China. Methods Over a 5-year study period, the CysC, creatinine (Cr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels of people who had incurred SCI in the preceding 7 days were collected and compared with those of people with limb fracture (LF) who were matched for injury time and gender. People with SCI also were grouped by injury duration, ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) grade and the presence or absence of steroid therapy and compared each day. Results Three hundred and twenty-three samples from people with SCI were retrospectively collected; their mean serum CysC levels were significantly higher than those of people with LF (p < 0.001); No significant difference was observed in Cr or BUN levels between the two groups (p > 0.14). CysC levels increased on the second day, peaked on day 3, and returned to normal on day 5. The more severely injured individuals had higher CysC levels. Steroid therapy or not had no influence for CysC levels. Conclusion CysC levels are increased in patients with acute SCI, possibly as a direct result of injury. Serum CysC is a potential biomarker of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinYuan Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - RuoTing Ding
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - QingZhang Xian
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZhiKun Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - ZhongYuan Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - JinCheng Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - JianTing Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Hyperbaric Oxygen Improves Functional Recovery of the Injured Spinal Cord by Inhibiting Inflammation and Glial Scar Formation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 98:914-920. [DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Aksoy H, Çevik Ö, Şen A, Göğer F, Şekerler T, Şener A. Effect of Horse-chestnut seed extract on matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -9 during diabetic wound healing. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12758. [PMID: 31353546 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects of aqueous-ethanol extract of Horse chestnut (HCE) on MMP-1 and MMP-9 expressions during cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats were investigated in this study. The expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-9, wound closure, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, hydroxyproline, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in wound tissue were measured. Quercetin glucuronide in HCE was identified as main compound using a LC-MS/MS. The hydroxyproline level was significantly increased in the treated group versus control after the 3rd and 7th days (p < 0.05). The MDA level and MPO activity were significantly lower in the treatment group (p < 0.05). MMP-1 gene expression level in treated rats was increased in the 7th day while it was reduced in 14th day. MMP-9 gene expression level in treated rats was decreased in 7th, and 14th days compared to control (p < 0.05). These results show that HCE accelerated the cutaneous wound-healing process in diabetic rats via MMP-1 and MMP-9 regulation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The main function of MMPs is to degrade and deposite the various components of the extracellular matrix. Also, they participate physiological processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Horse chestnut seeds (HC) are known to be rich in saponins and flavonoids. HC are used for the treatment of abdominal pain, stomach ache, cold, hemorrhoids, arterial stiffness, rheumatism, oedema, diarrhea, chronic venous insufficiency and also as an antihemorrhagic and antipyretic in traditional medicine. It has been shown that HC has anti-inflammatory, antioedema, vessel protective, and free radical scavenging properties. This study indicates that HCE could be an effective agent for wound healing in diabetic wound model via its ability to suppress the MMP-9 gene expression and regulates MMP-1 gene expression besides its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Aksoy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Çevik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ali Şen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Göğer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Turgut Şekerler
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Azize Şener
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Aescin-induced reactive oxygen species play a pro-survival role in human cancer cells via ATM/AMPK/ULK1-mediated autophagy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1874-1884. [PMID: 29921885 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aescin, a natural mixture of triterpene saponins, has been reported to exert anticancer effect. Recent studies show that aescin increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. However, whether the increased ROS play a role in the anticancer action of aescin remains to be explored. In this study, we demonstrated that aescin (20-80 μg/mL) dose-dependently induced apoptosis and activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-independent autophagy in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and colon carcinoma HCT 116 cells. The activation of autophagy favored cancer cell survival in response to aescin, as suppression of autophagy with ATG5 siRNAs or 3-methyladenine (3-MA), a selective inhibitor of autophagy, promoted aescin-induced apoptosis in vitro, and significantly enhanced the anticancer effect of aescin in vivo. Meanwhile, aescin dose-dependently elevated intracellular ROS levels and activated Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase/AMP-activated protein kinase/UNC-51-like kinase-1 (ATM/AMPK/ULK1) pathway. The ROS and ATM/AMPK/ULK1 pathway were upstream modulators of the aescin-induced autophagy, as N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or ATM kinase inhibitor (KU-55933) remarkably suppressed aescin-induced autophagy and consequently promoted aescin-induced apoptosis, whereas overexpression of ATG5 partly attenuated NAC-induced enhancement in aescin-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the roles of aescin-mediated oxidative stress and autophagy in cancer cell survival. Our results suggest that combined administration of the antioxidants or autophagic inhibitors with aescin might be a potential strategy to enhance the anticancer effect of aescin.
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Yang X, Chen S, Shao Z, Li Y, Wu H, Li X, Mao L, Zhou Z, Bai L, Mei X, Liu C. Apolipoprotein E Deficiency Exacerbates Spinal Cord Injury in Mice: Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress Mediated by NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:142. [PMID: 29875635 PMCID: PMC5974465 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological trauma that involves complex pathological processes. Inflammatory response and oxidative stress are prevalent during the second injury and can influence the functional recovery of SCI. Specially, Apolipoprotein E (APOE) induces neuronal repair and nerve regeneration, and the deficiency of Apoe impairs spinal cord-blood-barrier and reduces functional recovery after SCI. However, the mechanism by which Apoe mediates signaling pathways of inflammatory response and oxidative stress in SCI remains largely elusive. This study was designed to investigate the signaling pathways that regulate Apoe deficiency-dependent inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the acute stage of SCI. In the present study, Apoe−/− mice retarded functional recovery and had a larger lesion size when compared to wild-type mice after SCI. Moreover, deficiency of Apoe induced an exaggerated inflammatory response by increasing expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and increased oxidative stress by reducing expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. Furthermore, lack of Apoe promoted neuronal apoptosis and decreased neuronal numbers in the anterior horn of the spinal cord after SCI. Mechanistically, we found that the absence of Apoe increased inflammation and oxidative stress through activation of NF-κB after SCI. In contrast, an inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB; Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) alleviates these changes. Collectively, these results indicate that a critical role for activation of NF-κB in regulating Apoe-deficiency dependent inflammation and oxidative stress is detrimental to recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- School of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shurui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yuanlong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - He Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liang Mao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zipeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liangjie Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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38
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Fu J, Sun H, Zhang Y, Xu W, Wang C, Fang Y, Zhao J. Neuroprotective Effects of Luteolin Against Spinal Cord Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury by Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis. J Med Food 2018; 21:13-20. [PMID: 28976796 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fu
- Department of Emergency, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine of Hebei Province, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Haibin Sun
- Department of Emergency, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yongzhe Zhang
- Department of Emergency, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Emergency, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Emergency, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanwei Fang
- Department of Emergency, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Emergency, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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39
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Up-regulation of TRAF2 Suppresses Neuronal Apoptosis after Rat Spinal Cord Injury. Tissue Cell 2017; 49:589-596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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