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Wang W, Zheng P, Yan L, Chen X, Wang Z, Liu Q. Mechanism of non-thermal atmospheric plasma in anti-tumor: influencing intracellular RONS and regulating signaling pathways. Free Radic Res 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38767976 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2358026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) has been proven to be an effective anti-tumor tool, with various biological effects such as inhibiting tumor proliferation, metastasis, and promoting tumor cell apoptosis. At present, the main conclusion is that ROS and RNS are the main effector components of NTAP, but the mechanisms of which still lack systematic summary. Therefore, in this review, we first summarized the mechanism by which NTAP directly or indirectly causes an increase in intracellular RONS concentration, and the multiple pathways dysregulation (i.e. NRF2, PI3K, MAPK, NF-κB) induced by intracellular RONS. Then, we generalized the relationship between NTAP induced pathways dysregulation and the various biological effects it brought. The summary of the anti-tumor mechanism of NTAP is helpful for its further research and clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peijia Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Abdo AI, Kopecki Z. Comparing Redox and Intracellular Signalling Responses to Cold Plasma in Wound Healing and Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4885-4923. [PMID: 38785562 PMCID: PMC11120013 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cold plasma (CP) is an ionised gas containing excited molecules and ions, radicals, and free electrons, and which emits electric fields and UV radiation. CP is potently antimicrobial, and can be applied safely to biological tissue, birthing the field of plasma medicine. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) produced by CP affect biological processes directly or indirectly via the modification of cellular lipids, proteins, DNA, and intracellular signalling pathways. CP can be applied at lower levels for oxidative eustress to activate cell proliferation, motility, migration, and antioxidant production in normal cells, mainly potentiated by the unfolded protein response, the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-activated antioxidant response element, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway, which also activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB). At higher CP exposures, inactivation, apoptosis, and autophagy of malignant cells can occur via the degradation of the PI3K/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent and -independent activation of the master tumour suppressor p53, leading to caspase-mediated cell death. These opposing responses validate a hormesis approach to plasma medicine. Clinical applications of CP are becoming increasingly realised in wound healing, while clinical effectiveness in tumours is currently coming to light. This review will outline advances in plasma medicine and compare the main redox and intracellular signalling responses to CP in wound healing and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian I. Abdo
- Richter Lab, Surgical Specialties, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, STEM Academic Unit, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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3
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Jiang L, Zheng H, Ishida M, Lyu Q, Akatsuka S, Motooka Y, Sato K, Sekido Y, Nakamura K, Tanaka H, Ishikawa K, Kajiyama H, Mizuno M, Hori M, Toyokuni S. Elaborate cooperation of poly(rC)-binding proteins 1/2 and glutathione in ferroptosis induced by plasma-activated Ringer's lactate. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 214:28-41. [PMID: 38325565 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Reactive species are involved in various aspects of neoplastic diseases, including carcinogenesis, cancer-specific metabolism and therapeutics. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) can directly provide reactive species, by integrating atmospheric and interjacent molecules as substrates, to represent a handy strategy to load oxidative stress in situ. NTP causes apoptosis and/or ferroptosis specifically in cancer cells of various types. Plasma-activated Ringer's lactate (PAL) is another modality at the preclinical stage as cancer therapeutics, based on more stable reactive species. PAL specifically kills malignant mesothelioma (MM) cells, employing lysosomal ·NO as a switch from autophagy to ferroptosis. However, the entire molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated yet. Here we studied cytosolic iron regulations in MM and other cancer cells in response to PAL exposure. We discovered that cells with higher catalytic Fe(II) are more susceptible to PAL-induced ferroptosis. PAL caused a cytosolic catalytic Fe(II)-associated pathology through iron chaperones, poly (rC)-binding proteins (PCBP)1/2, inducing a disturbance in glutathione-regulated iron homeostasis. PCBP1/NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy started at a later phase, further increasing cytosolic catalytic Fe(II), ending in ferroptosis. In contrast, PCBP2 after PAL exposure contributed to iron loading to mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Therapeutic effect of PAL was successfully applied to an orthotopic MM xenograft model in mice. In conclusion, PAL can selectively sensitize MM cells to ferroptosis by remodeling cytoplasmic iron homeostasis, where glutathione and PCBPs play distinct roles, resulting in lethal ferritinophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings indicate the clinical application of PAL as a ferroptosis-inducer and the potential of PCBPs as novel targets in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Moe Ishida
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Qinying Lyu
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sato
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Kae Nakamura
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishikawa
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mizuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Center for Integrated Sciences of Low-temperature Plasma Core Research (iPlasma Core), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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4
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Li Y, Wei C, Yan J, Li F, Chen B, Sun Y, Luo K, He B, Liang Y. The application of nanoparticles based on ferroptosis in cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:413-435. [PMID: 38112639 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02308g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new form of non-apoptotic programmed cell death. Due to its effectiveness in cancer treatment, there are increasing studies on the application of nanoparticles based on ferroptosis in cancer therapy. In this paper, we present a summary of the latest progress in nanoparticles based on ferroptosis for effective tumor therapy. We also describe the combined treatment of ferroptosis with other therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. This summary of drug delivery systems based on ferroptosis aims to provide a basis and inspire opinions for researchers concentrating on exploring this field. Finally, we present some prospects and challenges for the application of nanotherapies to clinical treatment by promoting ferroptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Chen Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - Jianqin Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Fashun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Bohan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, China.
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Wang S, Chen X, Liu Z, Yu S, Fu J, Zeng X. Rhodamine-based Fluorescent Probe With Quick Response and High Selectivity for Imaging Labile Ferrous Iron in Living Cells and Zebrafish. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03551-2. [PMID: 38157085 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The transition between its various oxidation states of Iron plays a crucial part in various chemical transformation of cells. Misregulation of iron can give rise to the iron-catalyzed reactive oxygen species disorder which have been linked to a variety of diseases, so it is crucial to monitor the labile iron pool in vivo for clinical diagnosis. According to iron autoxidation and hydrogen abstraction reaction, we reported a novel "off-on" fluorescent probe to response to ferrous (Fe2+) both in solutions and biological systems. The probe responds to Fe2+ with good selectivity toward competing metal ions. What's more, the probe presents significant fluorescent enhancement to Fe2+ in less than 1 min, making real-time sensing in biological system possible. The applications of the probe in bioimaging revealed the changes in labile iron pool by iron autoxidation or diverse stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Center of Characterization and Analysis, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Center of Characterization and Analysis, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Yu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Fu
- Jinan Stomatol Hosp, Periodont & Oral Med Dept, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaodan Zeng
- Center of Characterization and Analysis, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Sato K, Yang M, Nakamura K, Tanaka H, Hori M, Nishio M, Suzuki A, Hibi H, Toyokuni S. Ferroptosis induced by plasma-activated Ringer's lactate solution prevents oral cancer progression. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 38047766 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of plasma-activated Ringer's lactate solution (PAL) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and carcinogenic processes with a particular focus on iron and collagenous matrix formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used three OSCC cell lines, one keratinocyte cell line, and two fibroblast lines, and cell viability assays, immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to evaluate the effect and type of cell death. The effect of PAL treatment on lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Tamoxifen-inducible Mob1a/b double-knockout mice were used for the in vivo experiment. RESULTS PAL killed OSCC cells more effectively than the control nontumorous cells and suppressed cell migration and invasion. Ferroptosis occurred and the protein level of LOX was downregulated in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, PAL improved the survival rate of mice and suppressed collagenous matrix formation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that PAL specifically kills OSCC cells and that ferroptosis occurs in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, PAL can prevent carcinogenesis and improve the survival rate of oral cancer, especially tongue cancer, by changing collagenous matrix formation via LOX suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kae Nakamura
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miki Nishio
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideharu Hibi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Miebach L, Melo‐Zainzinger G, Freund E, Clemen R, Cecchini AL, Bekeschus S. Medical Gas Plasma Technology Combines with Antimelanoma Therapies and Promotes Immune-Checkpoint Therapy Responses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303183. [PMID: 37541287 PMCID: PMC10558686 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to improve activity and selectivity are major goals in oncological drug development. Medical gas plasma therapy has been subject to intense research in dermatooncology recently. Based on partial gas ionization, this approach is exceptional in generating a variety of reactive oxygen species simultaneously that can be applied locally at the tumor side. It is hypothesized that combined gas plasma treatment can potentiate drug responses in the treatment of melanoma. Using a plasma jet approved as medical device in Europe, a systematic screening of 46 mitochondria-targeted drugs identifies five agents synergizing in vitro and in vivo. Increased intratumoral leucocyte infiltration points to immunomodulatory aspects of the treatment, motivating to investigate responses to immune checkpoint blockade in combination with plasma. Tumor growth is monitored based on bioluminescent imaging, and single-cell suspensions are retrieved from each tumor to characterize tumor-infiltrating leucocytes using multicolor flow cytometry. Gene expression profiling is done using a validated NanoString panel targeting 770 genes specifically designed for immuno-oncological research. Cell type abundancies are characterized from bulk RNA samples using the CIBERSORT computational framework. Collectively, the results indicate that local application of medical gas plasma technology synergizes with mitochondria-targeted drugs and anti-PD1 checkpoint therapy in treating melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Miebach
- Department of General, Thoracic, Vascular, and Visceral SurgeryGreifswald University Medical Center17475GreifswaldGermany
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)17489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Gabriella Melo‐Zainzinger
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)17489GreifswaldGermany
- Cancer Research UnitBoehringer IngelheimVienna1121Austria
| | - Eric Freund
- Department of General, Thoracic, Vascular, and Visceral SurgeryGreifswald University Medical Center17475GreifswaldGermany
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)17489GreifswaldGermany
- Department of NeurosurgeryWien University Medical CenterVienna1090Austria
| | - Ramona Clemen
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)17489GreifswaldGermany
| | | | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)17489GreifswaldGermany
- Clinic for Dermatology and VenerologyRostock University Medical Center18057RostockGermany
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Toyokuni S, Kong Y, Zheng H, Maeda Y, Katabuchi M, Motooka Y. Three-Dimensional Regulation of Ferroptosis at the Intersection of Iron, Sulfur, and Oxygen Executing Scrap and Build Toward Evolution. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:807-815. [PMID: 36401504 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Iron is an essential element for every life on earth as a primary media for electron flow. Sulfur compounds as sulfhydryls counteract catalytic activity of iron whereas sulfur overdose is also toxic. In aerobic organisms, oxygen is the major media for electron transfer with higher intracellular mobility, which cooperates with the iron system. Based on the importance of iron, there is no active pathway to excrete iron outside the body in higher species. Whereas bacterial infection causes a scramble for iron in situ, cancer can be the outcome of the side effects of long use of iron and oxygen. Recent Advances: Ferroptosis is a recently coined cell death, defined as catalytic Fe(II)-dependent regulated necrosis accompanied by lipid peroxidation. Researchers recently recognized that ferroptosis is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological contexts, including embryonic erythropoiesis, aging, neurodegeneration and cancer cell death. Alternatively, carcinogenesis is a process to obtain iron addiction with ferroptosis-resistance, based on rodent animal studies. Critical Issues: Here we propose that ferroptosis is three-dimensionally regulated by iron, sulfur and oxygen, which correspond to oxidants, antioxidants and membrane fluidity with susceptibility to lipid peroxidation, respectively. Future Directions: Whereas life attempts to prevent ferroptosis, ferroptotic cells eventually emit iron-loaded ferritin as extracellular vesicles to maintain monopoly of iron. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 807-815.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Misako Katabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Bekeschus S. Medical gas plasma technology: Roadmap on cancer treatment and immunotherapy. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102798. [PMID: 37556976 PMCID: PMC10433236 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous therapeutic progress, cancer remains an often fatal disease. In the early 2010s, first evidence in rodent models suggested promising antitumor action of gas plasma technology. Medical gas plasma is a partially ionized gas depositing multiple physico-chemical effectors onto tissues, especially reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Today, an evergrowing body of experimental evidence suggests multifaceted roles of medical gas plasma-derived therapeutic ROS/RNS in targeting cancer alone or in combination with oncological treatment schemes such as ionizing radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Intriguingly, gas plasma technology was recently unraveled to have an immunological dimension by inducing immunogenic cell death, which could ultimately promote existing cancer immunotherapies via in situ or autologous tumor vaccine schemes. Together with first clinical evidence reporting beneficial effects in cancer patients following gas plasma therapy, it is time to summarize the main concepts along with the chances and limitations of medical gas plasma onco-therapy from a biological, immunological, clinical, and technological point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany; Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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Wen RJ, Dong X, Zhuang HW, Pang FX, Ding SC, Li N, Mai YX, Zhou ST, Wang JY, Zhang JF. Baicalin induces ferroptosis in osteosarcomas through a novel Nrf2/xCT/GPX4 regulatory axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154881. [PMID: 37209607 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcomas (OS) is a kind of malignant bone tumor which occurs primarily in children and adolescents, and the clinical therapeutics remain disappointing. As a new programmed cell death, ferroptosis is characterized by iron dependent and intracellular oxidative accumulation, which provides a potential alternative intervene for the OS treatment. Baicalin, a major bioactive flavone derived from traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria baicalensis, has been proved to have anti-tumor properties in OS. Whether ferroptosis participated in the baicalin mediated anti-OS activity is an interesting project. PURPOSE To explore the pro-ferroptosis effect and mechanisms of baicalin in OS. METHODS/STUDY DESIGN Pro-ferroptosis effect of baicalin on cell death, cell proliferation, iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation production was determined in MG63 and 143B cells. The levels of glutathione (GSH), oxidized (GSSG) glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and xCT were detected by western blot in baicalin-mediated ferroptosis regulation. In vivo, a xenograft mice model was adopted to explore the anticancer effect of baicalin. RESULTS In the present study, it was found that baicalin significantly suppress tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. By promoting the Fe accumulation, ROS formation, MDA production and suppressing the ratio of GSH/GSSG, baicalin was found to trigger ferroptosis in OS and ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) successfully reversed these suppressive effects, indicating that ferroptosis participated in the baicalin mediated anti-OS activity. Mechanistically, baicalin physically interacted with Nrf2, a critical regulator of ferroptosis, and influenced its stability via inducing ubiquitin degradation, which suppressed the Nrf2 downstream targets GPX4 and xCT expression, and led to stimulating ferroptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings for the first time indicated that baicalin exerted anti-OS activity through a novel Nrf2/xCT/GPX4-dependent ferroptosis regulatory axis, which hopefully provides a promising candidate for OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jia Wen
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China; Cancer center, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Dong
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Wen Zhuang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Xiang Pang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Chang Ding
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Xin Mai
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Ting Zhou
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Yan Wang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P.R. China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China.
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- Cancer center, Shenzhen Hospital (Futian) of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, P.R. China.
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11
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Chen B, Jin T, Fu Z, Li H, Yang J, Liu Y, Han Y, Wang X, Wu Z, Xu T. Non-thermal plasma-treated melatonin inhibits the biological activity of HCC cells by increasing intracellular ROS levels and reducing RRM2 expression. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15992. [PMID: 37215864 PMCID: PMC10192739 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is thought to have a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. Although its application in cancer therapy has shown considerable promise, the current understanding of its mechanism of action and cellular responses remains incomplete. Furthermore, the use of melatonin (MEL) as an adjuvant anticancer drug remains unexplored. In this study, we found that NTP assists MEL in promoting apoptosis, delaying cell cycle progression, and inhibiting cell invasion and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. This mechanism may be associated with the regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 expression. Our findings confirm the pharmacological role of MEL and the adjuvant value of NTP, emphasizing their potential in combination therapy for HCC. Our study may have important implications for the development of new approaches for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjie Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Jin
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ziyue Fu
- Second Clinical School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiwen Li
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junfa Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanxun Han
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengwei Wu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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12
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Toyokuni S, Zheng H, Kong Y, Sato K, Nakamura K, Tanaka H, Okazaki Y. Low-temperature plasma as magic wand to differentiate between the good and the evil. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:38-46. [PMID: 36919449 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2190860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasma is the fourth physical state of matter, characterized by an ionized gaseous mixture, after solid, liquid, and gas phases, and contains a wide array of components such as ions, electrons, radicals, and ultraviolet ray. Whereas the sun and thunder are typical natural plasma, recent progress in the electronics enabled the generation of body-temperature plasma, designated as low-temperature plasma (LTP) or non-thermal plasma since the 1990s. LTP has attracted the attention of researchers for possible biological and medical applications. All the living species on earth utilize water as essential media for solvents and molecular transport. Thus, biological application of LTP naturally intervenes water whether LTP is exposed directly or indirectly, where plasma-activated lactate (PAL) is a standard, containing H2O2, NO2- and other identified molecules. Electron spin resonance and immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that LTP exposure is a handy method to load local oxidative stress. Cancer cells are characterized by persistent self-replication and high cytosolic catalytic Fe(II). Therefore, both direct exposure of LTP and PAL can provide higher damage to cancer cells in comparison to non-tumorous cells, which has been demonstrated in a variety of cancer types. The cell death mode is either apoptosis or ferroptosis, depending on the cancer-type. Thus, LTP and PAL are expected to work as an additional cancer therapy to the established guideline protocols, especially for use in somatic cavities or surgical margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Response, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Response, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Response, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sato
- Department of Pathology and Biological Response, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kae Nakamura
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Response, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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13
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Xu L, Liu Y, Chen X, Zhong H, Wang Y. Ferroptosis in life: To be or not to be. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114241. [PMID: 36634587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death, characterized by a dysregulated iron metabolism and accumulation of lipid peroxides. It features the alteration of mitochondria and aberrant accumulation of excessive iron as well as loss of the cysteine-glutathione-GPX4 axis. Eventually, the accumulated lipid peroxides result in lethal damage to the cells. Ferroptosis is induced by the overloading of iron and the accumulation of ROS and can be inhibited by the activation of the GPX4 pathway, FS1-CoQ10 pathway, GCH1-BH4 pathway, and the DHODH pathway, it is also regulated by the oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Ferroptosis involves various physiological and pathological processes, and increasing evidence indicates that ferroptosis play a critical role in cancers and other diseases. It inhibits the proliferation of malignant cells in various types of cancers and inducing ferroptosis may become a new method of cancer treatment. Many inhibitors targeting the key factors of ferroptosis such as SLC7A11, GPX4, and iron overload have been developed. The application of ferroptosis is mainly divided into two directions, i.e. to avoid ferroptosis in healthy cells and selectively induce ferroptosis in cancers. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the concept, and regulation pathways of ferroptosis and explored its roles in various diseases, we also summarized the compounds targeting ferroptosis, aiming to promote the speed of clinical use of ferroptosis induction in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Yu'e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Xi Chen, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hua Zhong
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA 96813
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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14
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Patrakova E, Biryukov M, Troitskaya O, Gugin P, Milakhina E, Semenov D, Poletaeva J, Ryabchikova E, Novak D, Kryachkova N, Polyakova A, Zhilnikova M, Zakrevsky D, Schweigert I, Koval O. Chloroquine Enhances Death in Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells Exposed to Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020290. [PMID: 36672225 PMCID: PMC9857254 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an intensively-studied approach for the treatment of malignant neoplasms. Various active oxygen and nitrogen compounds are believed to be the main cytotoxic effectors on biotargets; however, the comprehensive mechanism of CAP interaction with living cells and tissues remains elusive. In this study, we experimentally determined the optimal discharge regime (or semi-selective regime) for the direct CAP jet treatment of cancer cells, under which lung adenocarcinoma A549, A427 and NCI-H23 cells demonstrated substantial suppression of viability, coupled with a weak viability decrease of healthy lung fibroblasts Wi-38 and MRC-5. The death of CAP-exposed cancer and healthy cells under semi-selective conditions was caspase-dependent. We showed that there was an accumulation of lysosomes in the treated cells. The increased activity of lysosomal protease Cathepsin D, the transcriptional upregulation of autophagy-related MAPLC3B gene in cancer cells and the changes in autophagy-related proteins may have indicated the activation of autophagy. The addition of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) after the CAP jet treatment increased the death of A549 cancer cells in a synergistic manner and showed a low effect on the viability of CAP-treated Wi-38 cells. Downregulation of Drp1 mitochondrial protein and upregulation of PINK1 protein in CAP + CQ treated cells indicated that CQ increased the CAP-dependent destabilization of mitochondria. We concluded that CAP weakly activated pro-survival autophagy in irradiated cells, and CQ promoted CAP-dependent cell death due to the destabilization of autophagosomes formation and mitochondria homeostasis. To summarize, the combination of CAP treatment with CQ could be useful for the development of cold plasma-based antitumor approaches for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Patrakova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Biryukov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Troitskaya
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel Gugin
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physic, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Milakhina
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physic, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Semenov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Poletaeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Ryabchikova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Diana Novak
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Kryachkova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alina Polyakova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria Zhilnikova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Zakrevsky
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physic, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Schweigert
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Koval
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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15
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Combined In Vitro Toxicity and Immunogenicity of Cold Plasma and Pulsed Electric Fields. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123084. [PMID: 36551840 PMCID: PMC9775231 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern oncology, therapies are based on combining monotherapies to overcome treatment resistance and increase therapy precision. The application of microsecond-pulsed electric fields (PEF) is approved to enhance local chemotherapeutic drug uptake within combination electrochemotherapy regimens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in anticancer effects, and cold physical plasma produces vast amounts of ROS, which have recently been shown to benefit head and neck cancer patients. PEF and cold plasma technology have been linked to immunogenic cell death (ICD) induction, a regulated cell death accompanied by sterile inflammation that promotes antitumor immunity. To this end, we investigated the combined effect of both treatments regarding their intracellular ROS accumulation, toxicity, ICD-related marker expression, and optimal exposure sequence in a leukemia model cell line. The combination treatment substantially increased ROS and intracellular glutathione levels, leading to additive cytotoxic effects accompanied by a significantly increased expression of ICD markers, such as the eat-me signal calreticulin (CRT). Preconditioned treatment with cold plasma followed by PEF exposure was the most potent treatment sequence. The results indicate additive effects of cold plasma and PEF, motivating further studies in skin and breast tumor models for the future improvement of ECT in such patients.
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16
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Okazaki Y, Ito N, Tanaka H, Hori M, Toyokuni S. Non-thermal plasma elicits ferrous chloride-catalyzed DMPO-OH. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:595-606. [PMID: 36519277 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2157272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), singlet oxygen, superoxide, ozone, and nitric oxide, at near-physiological temperatures. These molecules promote blood coagulation, wound healing, disinfection, and selective cancer cell death. Based on these evidences, clinical trials of NTP have been conducted for treating chronic wounds and head and neck cancers. Although clinical applications have progressed, the stoichiometric quantification of NTP-induced ROS remains unclear in the liquid phase in the presence of FeCl2 or FeCl3 in combination with biocompatible reducing agents, which may modulate the final biological effects of NTP. In this study, we employed electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify ROS using spin-trapping probe, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) and H2O2, using luminescent probe in the presence of FeCl2 or FeCl3. NTP-induced DMPO-OH levels were elevated 10-100 µM FeCl2 or 500 and 1000 µM FeCl3. NTP-induced DMPO-OH with 10 µM FeCl2 or FeCl3 was significantly scavenged by ascorbate, α-tocopherol, dithiothreitol, reduced glutathione, or oxidized glutathione, whereas dehydroascorbate was ineffective in 2 mM DMPO. NTP-induced H2O2 was significantly degraded by 100 µM FeCl2 and FeCl3 in an iron-dependent manner. Meanwhile, decomposition of H2O2 by catalase decayed DMPO-OH efficiently in the presence of iron, indicating iron causes DMPO-OH production and degradation simultaneously. These results suggest that NTP-induced DMPO-OH is generated by the H2O2-consuming, iron-dependent Fenton reaction and ferryl intermediates. The potential iron-mediated ROS production by NTP is also discussed to clarify the interaction between NTP-induced ROS and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nanami Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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17
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Bekeschus S, Saadati F, Emmert S. The potential of gas plasma technology for targeting breast cancer. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1022. [PMID: 35994412 PMCID: PMC9394754 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic improvements in recent years, breast cancer remains an often fatal disease. In addition, breast cancer ulceration may occur during late stages, further complicating therapeutic or palliative interventions. In the past decade, a novel technology received significant attention in the medical field: gas plasma. This topical treatment relies on the partial ionization of gases that simultaneously produce a plethora of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Such local ROS/RNS overload inactivates tumour cells in a non-necrotic manner and was recently identified to induce immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD). ICD promotes dendritic cell maturation and amplifies antitumour immunity capable of targeting breast cancer metastases. Gas plasma technology was also shown to provide additive toxicity in combination with radio and chemotherapy and re-sensitized drug-resistant breast cancer cells. This work outlines the assets of gas plasma technology as a novel tool for targeting breast cancer by summarizing the action of plasma devices, the roles of ROS, signalling pathways, modes of cell death, combination therapies and immunological consequences of gas plasma exposure in breast cancer cells in vitro, in vivo, and in patient-derived microtissues ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)GreifswaldGermany
| | - Fariba Saadati
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)GreifswaldGermany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and VenereologyRostock University Medical CenterRostockGermany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and VenereologyRostock University Medical CenterRostockGermany
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18
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Limanowski R, Yan D, Li L, Keidar M. Preclinical Cold Atmospheric Plasma Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143461. [PMID: 35884523 PMCID: PMC9316208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is generated in a rapid yet low-energy input streamer-discharge process at atmospheric pressure conditions. CAP is an ionized gas with a low ionization level and plenty of reactive species and radicals. These reactive components, and their near-room temperature nature, make CAP a powerful tool in medical applications, particularly cancer therapy. Here, we summarized the latest development and status of preclinical applications of CAP in cancer therapy, which may guide further clinical studies of CAP-based cancer therapy. Abstract CAP is an ionized gas generated under atmospheric pressure conditions. Due to its reactive chemical components and near-room temperature nature, CAP has promising applications in diverse branches of medicine, including microorganism sterilization, biofilm inactivation, wound healing, and cancer therapy. Currently, hundreds of in vitro demonstrations of CAP-based cancer treatments have been reported. However, preclinical studies, particularly in vivo studies, are pivotal to achieving a final clinical application. Here, we comprehensively introduced the research status of the preclinical usage of CAP in cancer treatment, by primarily focusing on the in vivo studies over the past decade. We summarized the primary research strategies in preclinical and clinical studies, including transdermal CAP treatment, post-surgical CAP treatment, CAP-activated solutions treatment, and sensitization treatment to drugs. Finally, the underlying mechanism was discussed based on the latest understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Limanowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Dayun Yan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
- Correspondence: (D.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Michael Keidar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
- Correspondence: (D.Y.); (M.K.)
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19
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Soni V, Adhikari M, Lin L, Sherman JH, Keidar M. Theranostic Potential of Adaptive Cold Atmospheric Plasma with Temozolomide to Checkmate Glioblastoma: An In Vitro Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133116. [PMID: 35804888 PMCID: PMC9264842 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer. Here, we present a combination therapy of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and temozolomide (TMZ) to treat GBM in vitro. We analyze the effects of the co-treatment in two GBM (TMZ-resistant and -sensitive) cell lines. The aim of this study is mainly to sensitize these cells using CAP so that they respond well to TMZ. We further found that the removal of cell culture media after CAP treatment does not affect the sensitivity of CAP to cancer cells but enhances the effects of TMZ. However, it was observed in our study that keeping the CAP-treated media for a shorter time did not significantly inhibit T98G cells. Interestingly, keeping the same plasma-treated media for a longer duration resulted in a decrease in cell viability. On the contrary, TMZ-sensitive cell A172 responded well to the co-treatment. This could be a potential reason for the sensitization of the combination therapy. Abstract Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been used for the treatment of various cancers. The anti-cancer properties of CAP are mainly due to the reactive species generated from it. Here, we analyze the efficacy of CAP in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) in two different human glioblastoma cell lines, T98G and A172, in vitro using various conditions. We also establish an optimized dose of the co-treatment to study potential sensitization in TMZ-resistant cells. The removal of cell culture media after CAP treatment did not affect the sensitivity of CAP to cancer cells. However, keeping the CAP-treated media for a shorter time helped in the slight proliferation of T98G cells, while keeping the same media for longer durations resulted in a decrease in its survivability. This could be a potential reason for the sensitization of the cells in combination treatment. Co-treatment effectively increased the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, indicating cytotoxicity. Furthermore, apoptosis and caspase-3 activity also significantly increased in both cell lines, implying the anticancer nature of the combination. The microscopic analysis of the cells post-treatment indicated nuclear fragmentation, and caspase activity demonstrated apoptosis. Therefore, a combination treatment of CAP and TMZ may be a potent therapeutic modality to treat glioblastoma. This could also indicate that a pre-treatment with CAP causes the cells to be more sensitive to chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Soni
- Micro-Propulsion and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (M.K.); Tel.: +1-202-994-6929 (M.K.)
| | - Manish Adhikari
- Micro-Propulsion and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Li Lin
- Micro-Propulsion and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Jonathan H. Sherman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, 880 N Tennessee Avenue, Suite 104, Martinsburg, WV 25401, USA;
| | - Michael Keidar
- Micro-Propulsion and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.A.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (M.K.); Tel.: +1-202-994-6929 (M.K.)
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20
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Kambara T, Amatya V, Kushitani K, Fujii Y, Endo I, Takeshima Y. Downregulation of FTL decreases proliferation of malignant mesothelioma cells by inducing G 1 cell cycle arrest. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:174. [PMID: 35497939 PMCID: PMC9019860 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleural malignant mesothelioma is a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis that is strongly associated with asbestos exposure during its development. Because there is no adequate treatment for malignant mesothelioma, investigation of its molecular mechanism is important. The ferritin light chain (FTL) is a subunit of ferritin, and its high expression in malignant tumors, including malignant mesothelioma, has recently been reported; however, its role in malignant mesothelioma is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the function of FTL in malignant mesothelioma. The expression levels of FTL in malignant mesothelioma were examined using the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database and our previous data. The short interfering (si)RNA against FTL was transfected into two mesothelioma cell lines, ACC-MESO-1 and CRL-5915, and functional analysis was performed. Expression of p21, p27, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb) associated with the cell cycle were examined as candidate genes associated with FTL. The expression levels of the FTL mRNA were higher in malignant mesothelioma compared with other tumors in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database, and among other genes in our previous study. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting demonstrated suppression of FTL expression in two cell lines transfected with FTL siRNA compared with cells transfected with negative control (NC) siRNA. In the two cell lines transfected with FTL siRNA, proliferation was significantly suppressed, and cell cycle arrest was observed in the G1 phase. The levels of p21 and p27 were increased, while those of CDK2 and pRb were decreased compared with NC. However, no significant differences in invasion and migration ability were revealed between FTL siRNA-transfected cells and NC. In conclusion, FTL may increase the proliferative capacity of malignant mesothelioma cells by affecting p21, p27, CDK2 and pRb, and promoting the cell cycle at the G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kambara
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan
| | - Vishwa Amatya
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan
| | - Kei Kushitani
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan
| | - Yutaro Fujii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan
| | - Ihiro Endo
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan
| | - Yukio Takeshima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734‑8551, Japan
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21
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Kawai K, Hirayama T, Imai H, Murakami T, Inden M, Hozumi I, Nagasawa H. Molecular Imaging of Labile Heme in Living Cells Using a Small Molecule Fluorescent Probe. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3793-3803. [PMID: 35133144 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Labile heme (LH) is a complex of Fe(II) and protoporphyrin IX, an essential signaling molecule in various biological systems. Most of the subcellular dynamics of LH remain unclear because of the lack of efficient chemical tools for detecting LH in cells. Here, we report an activity-based fluorescence probe that can monitor the fluctuations of LH in biological events. H-FluNox is a selective fluorescent probe that senses LH using biomimetic N-oxide deoxygenation to trigger fluorescence. The selectivity of H-FluNox to LH is >100-fold against Fe(II), enabling the discrimination of LH from the labile Fe(II) pool in living cells. The probe can detect the acute release of LH upon NO stimulation and the accumulation of LH by inhibiting the heme exporter. In addition, imaging studies using the probe revealed a partial heme-export activity of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), potential LH pooling ability of G-quadruplex, and involvement of LH in ferroptosis. The successful use of H-FluNox in identifying fluctuations of LH in living cells offers opportunities for studying the physiology and pathophysiology of LH in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Kawai
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Haruka Imai
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Takanori Murakami
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inden
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Isao Hozumi
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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22
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Okazaki Y, Sasaki K, Ito N, Tanaka H, Matsumoto KI, Hori M, Toyokuni S. Tetrachloroaurate (III)-induced oxidation increases non-thermal plasma-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:17-27. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2026348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kanako Sasaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nanami Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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23
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Toyokuni S, Kong Y, Zheng H, Maeda Y, Motooka Y, Akatsuka S. Iron as spirit of life to share under monopoly. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 71:78-88. [PMID: 36213789 PMCID: PMC9519419 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Any independent life requires iron to survive. Whereas iron deficiency causes oxygen insufficiency, excess iron is a risk for cancer, generating a double-edged sword. Iron metabolism is strictly regulated via specific systems, including iron-responsive element (IRE)/iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) and the corresponding ubiquitin ligase FBXL5. Here we briefly reflect the history of bioiron research and describe major recent advancements. Ferroptosis, a newly coined Fe(II)-dependent regulated necrosis, is providing huge impact on science. Carcinogenesis is a process to acquire ferroptosis-resistance and ferroptosis is preferred in cancer therapy due to immunogenicity. Poly(rC)-binding proteins 1/2 (PCBP1/2) were identified as major cytosolic Fe(II) chaperone proteins. The mechanism how cells retrieve stored iron in ferritin cores was unraveled as ferritinophagy, a form of autophagy. Of note, ferroptosis may exploit ferritinophagy during the progression. Recently, we discovered that cellular ferritin secretion is through extracellular vesicles (EVs) escorted by CD63 under the regulation of IRE/IRP system. Furthermore, this process was abused in asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis. In summary, cellular iron metabolism is tightly regulated by multi-system organizations as surplus iron is shared through ferritin in EVs among neighbor and distant cells in need. However, various noxious stimuli dramatically promote cellular iron uptake/storage, which may result in ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuki Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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24
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Laroussi M, Bekeschus S, Keidar M, Bogaerts A, Fridman A, Lu XP, Ostrikov KK, Hori M, Stapelmann K, Miller V, Reuter S, Laux C, Mesbah A, Walsh J, Jiang C, Thagard SM, Tanaka H, Liu DW, Yan D, Yusupov M. Low Temperature Plasma for Biology, Hygiene, and Medicine: Perspective and Roadmap. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2021.3135118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Cold Physical Plasma in Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Signaling, and Immunity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9916796. [PMID: 35284036 PMCID: PMC8906949 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9916796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in therapy, cancer still is a devastating and life-threatening disease, motivating novel research lines in oncology. Cold physical plasma, a partially ionized gas, is a new modality in cancer research. Physical plasma produces various physicochemical factors, primarily reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), causing cancer cell death when supplied at supraphysiological concentrations. This review outlines the biomedical consequences of plasma treatment in experimental cancer therapy, including cell death modalities. It also summarizes current knowledge on intracellular signaling pathways triggered by plasma treatment to induce cancer cell death. Besides the inactivation of tumor cells, an equally important aspect is the inflammatory context in which cell death occurs to suppress or promote the responses of immune cells. This is mainly governed by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to provoke immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD) that, in turn, activates cells of the innate immune system to promote adaptive antitumor immunity. The pivotal role of the immune system in cancer treatment, in general, is highlighted by many clinical trials and success stories on using checkpoint immunotherapy. Hence, the potential of plasma treatment to induce ICD in tumor cells to promote immunity targeting cancer lesions systemically is also discussed.
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26
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Shang M, Weng L, Xu G, Wu S, Liu B, Yin X, Mao A, Zou X, Wang Z. TRIM11 suppresses ferritinophagy and gemcitabine sensitivity through UBE2N/TAX1BP1 signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6868-6883. [PMID: 33629745 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is first-line chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer, however, the development of resistance limits its effectiveness. The tripartite motif-containing 11 (TRIM11) protein plays crucial roles in tumor development and undergoes auto-polyubiquitination to promote interactions in selective autophagy. Therefore, Understanding whether TRIM11 is involved in ferritinophagy and gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer is critical in developing pancreatic cancer therapeutics. TRIM11 expression was validated by Western blot analysis, real-time polymease chain reaction, and immunohistochemical staining. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and Colony formation assays were performed to investigate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) cell viability. Mouse xenograft model of PDAC cells was established to verify the role of TRIM11 in vivo. Coimmunoprecipitation was used to identify the reciprocal regulation between TRIM11 and UBE2N. In this study, we found that TRIM11 expression were higher in PDAC cells and tissues. TRIM11 overexpression promotes PDAC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Decreased expression of TRIM11 in PDAC patients is associated with decreased UBE2N and increased TAX1BP1 expression. Coimmunoprecipitation established that TRIM11 interacts and colocalizes with UBE2N. Mechanistically, TRIM11 promoted gemcitabine resistance and suppressed ferritinophagy through UBE2N-TAX1BP1 signaling. Our findings identify TRIM11 as a key regulator of TAX1BP1 signaling with a crucial role in ferritinophagy and gemcitabine resistance in PDAC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Ferroptosis/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Tripartite Motif Proteins/genetics
- Tripartite Motif Proteins/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/metabolism
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Gemcitabine
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Shang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Weng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoqiu Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyan Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Yin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiwu Mao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of interventional radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- Department of gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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27
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Multi-Modal Biological Destruction by Cold Atmospheric Plasma: Capability and Mechanism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091259. [PMID: 34572443 PMCID: PMC8465976 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a near-room-temperature, partially ionized gas composed of reactive neutral and charged species. CAP also generates physical factors, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thermal and electromagnetic (EM) effects. Studies over the past decade demonstrated that CAP could effectively induce death in a wide range of cell types, from mammalian to bacterial cells. Viruses can also be inactivated by a CAP treatment. The CAP-triggered cell-death types mainly include apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy-associated cell death. Cell death and virus inactivation triggered by CAP are the foundation of the emerging medical applications of CAP, including cancer therapy, sterilization, and wound healing. Here, we systematically analyze the entire picture of multi-modal biological destruction by CAP treatment and their underlying mechanisms based on the latest discoveries particularly the physical effects on cancer cells.
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28
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Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an ionized gas, the product of a non-equilibrium discharge at atmospheric conditions. Both chemical and physical factors in CAP have been demonstrated to have unique biological impacts in cancer treatment. From a chemical-based perspective, the anti-cancer efficacy is determined by the cellular sensitivity to reactive species. CAP may also be used as a powerful anti-cancer modality based on its physical factors, mainly EM emission. Here, we delve into three CAP cancer treatment approaches, chemically based direct/indirect treatment and physical-based treatment by discussing their basic principles, features, advantages, and drawbacks. This review does not focus on the molecular mechanisms, which have been widely introduced in previous reviews. Based on these approaches and novel adaptive plasma concepts, we discuss the potential clinical application of CAP cancer treatment using a critical evaluation and forward-looking perspectives.
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29
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Differential Effect of Non-Thermal Plasma RONS on Two Human Leukemic Cell Populations. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102437. [PMID: 34069922 PMCID: PMC8157554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As the number of investigations into the use of non-thermal plasma (NTP) for cancer treatment expands, it is becoming apparent that susceptibility of different cancer cells to NTP varies. We hypothesized that such differences could be attributed to the cell type-dependent interactions between NTP-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and the target cells. To test this hypothesis, we examined how two different human leukemic cell lines—Jurkat T lymphocytes and THP-1 monocytes—influence hydrogen peroxide and nitrite content in media after NTP exposure. We also assessed the potential of NTP to enhance immunogenicity in these cells and assayed phagocytosis of NTP-exposed leukemic cells by macrophages. Our results highlight the significance of target-mediated modulation of plasma chemical species in the development and clinical use of protocols involving plasma sources for use in cancer therapeutic application. Abstract Non-thermal plasma application to cancer cells is known to induce oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and indirect immunostimulatory effects on antigen presenting cells (APCs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responses of two leukemic cell lines—Jurkat T lymphocytes and THP-1 monocytes—to NTP-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Both cell types depleted hydrogen peroxide, but THP-1 cells neutralized it almost immediately. Jurkat cells transiently blunted the frequency-dependent increase in nitrite concentrations in contrast to THP-1 cells, which exhibited no immediate effect. A direct relationship between frequency-dependent cytotoxicity and mitochondrial superoxide was observed only in Jurkat cells. Jurkat cells were very responsive to NTP in their display of calreticulin and heat shock proteins 70 and 90. In contrast, THP-1 cells were minimally responsive or unresponsive. Despite no NTP-dependent decrease in cell surface display of CD47 in either cell line, both cell types induced migration of and phagocytosis by APCs. Our results demonstrate that cells modulate the RONS-mediated changes in liquid chemistry, and, importantly, the resultant immunomodulatory effects of NTP can be independent of NTP-induced cytotoxicity.
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30
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Okazaki Y, Tanaka H, Matsumoto KI, Hori M, Toyokuni S. Non-thermal plasma-induced DMPO-OH yields hydrogen peroxide. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 705:108901. [PMID: 33964248 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in electronics have enabled the medical applications of non-thermal plasma (NTP), which elicits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as hydroxyl radical (●OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide (O2●-), ozone, and nitric oxide at near-physiological temperatures. In preclinical studies or human clinical trials, NTP promotes blood coagulation, eradication of bacterial, viral and biofilm-related infections, wound healing, and cancer cell death. To elucidate the solution-phase biological effects of NTP in the presence of biocompatible reducing agents, we employed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to quantify ●OH using a spin-trapping probe, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO); 1O2 using a fluorescent probe; and O2●- and H2O2 using luminescent probes in the presence of thiols or tempol. NTP-induced ●OH was significantly scavenged by dithiothreitol (DTT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in 2 or 5 mM DMPO. NTP-induced O2●- was significantly scavenged by 10 μM DTT and GSH, while 1O2 was not efficiently scavenged by these compounds. GSSG degraded H2O2 more effectively than GSH and DTT, suggesting that the disulfide bonds reacted with H2O2. In the presence of 1-50 mM DMPO, NTP-induced H2O2 quantities were unchanged. The inhibitory effect of tempol concentration (50 and 100 μM) on H2O2 production was observed in 1 and 10 mM DMPO, whereas it became ineffective in 50 mM DMPO. Furthermore, DMPO-OH did not interact with tempol. These results suggest that DMPO and tempol react competitively with O2●-. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interaction between NTP-induced ROS and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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31
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Jiang L, Zheng H, Lyu Q, Hayashi S, Sato K, Sekido Y, Nakamura K, Tanaka H, Ishikawa K, Kajiyama H, Mizuno M, Hori M, Toyokuni S. Lysosomal nitric oxide determines transition from autophagy to ferroptosis after exposure to plasma-activated Ringer's lactate. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101989. [PMID: 33940548 PMCID: PMC8105670 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP), an engineered technology to generate reactive species, induces ferroptosis and/or apoptosis specifically in various-type cancer cells. NTP-activated Ringer's lactate (PAL) is another modality for cancer therapy at preclinical stage. Here we found that PAL induces selective ferroptosis of malignant mesothelioma (MM) cells, where non-targeted metabolome screening identified upregulated citrulline-nitric oxide (.NO) cycle as a PAL target. .NO probe detected biphasic peaks transiently at PAL exposure with time-dependent increase, which was responsible for inducible . NO synthase (iNOS) overexpression through NF-κB activation. .NO and lipid peroxidation occupied lysosomes as a major compartment with increased TFEB expression. Not only ferrostatin-1 but inhibitors for . NO and/or iNOS could suppress this ferroptosis. PAL-induced ferroptosis accompanied autophagic process in the early phase, as demonstrated by an increase in essential amino acids, LC3B-II, p62 and LAMP1, transforming into the later phase with boosted lipid peroxidation. Therefore, .NO-mediated lysosomal impairment is central in PAL-induced ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Qinying Lyu
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sato
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Kae Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishikawa
- Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mizuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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32
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Zhao T, Guo X, Sun Y. Iron Accumulation and Lipid Peroxidation in the Aging Retina: Implication of Ferroptosis in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Aging Dis 2021; 12:529-551. [PMID: 33815881 PMCID: PMC7990372 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential component in many biological processes in the human body. It is critical for the visual phototransduction cascade in the retina. However, excess iron can be toxic. Iron accumulation and reduced efficiency of intracellular antioxidative defense systems predispose the aging retina to oxidative stress-induced cell death. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by retinal iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. The mechanisms underlying AMD include oxidative stress-mediated death of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and subsequent death of retinal photoreceptors. Understanding the mechanism of the disruption of iron and redox homeostasis in the aging retina and AMD is crucial to decipher these mechanisms of cell death and AMD pathogenesis. The mechanisms of retinal cell death in AMD are an area of active investigation; previous studies have proposed several types of cell death as major mechanisms. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered programmed cell death pathway, has been associated with the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Ferroptosis is initiated by lipid peroxidation and is characterized by iron-dependent accumulation. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms of iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the aging retina and AMD, with an emphasis on ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tantai Zhao
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,2Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojian Guo
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,2Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Sun
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,2Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Nakamura K, Yoshikawa N, Mizuno Y, Ito M, Tanaka H, Mizuno M, Toyokuni S, Hori M, Kikkawa F, Kajiyama H. Preclinical Verification of the Efficacy and Safety of Aqueous Plasma for Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051141. [PMID: 33799991 PMCID: PMC7962102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian cancer is among the most malignant gynecologic cancers, in part because intraperitoneal recurrence occurs with high frequency due to occult metastasis. We have demonstrated a metastasis-inhibitory effect of plasma-activated medium (PAM) in ovarian cancer cells. Here, we investigated whether PAM inhibits intraperitoneal metastasis. We observed that PAM induced macrophages’ infiltration into the disseminated lesion, which was co-localized with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive signal, indicating that PAM might induce M1-type macrophages. We also observed that intraperitoneal washing with plasma-activated lactate Ringer’s solution (PAL) significantly improved the overall survival rate in an ovarian cancer mouse model. Intraperitoneal washing therapy might be effective to improve clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer. Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. The major cause of EOC’s lethality is that intraperitoneal recurrence occurs with high frequency due to occult metastasis. We had demonstrated that plasma-activated medium (PAM) exerts a metastasis-inhibitory effect on ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo. Here we investigated how PAM inhibits intraperitoneal metastasis. We studied PAM’s inhibition of micro-dissemination onto the omentum by performing in vivo imaging in combination with a sequential histological analysis. The results revealed that PAM induced macrophage infiltration into the disseminated lesion. The iNOS-positive signal was co-localized at the macrophages in the existing lesion, indicating that PAM might induce M1-type macrophages. This may be another mechanism of the antitumor effect through a PAM-evoked immune response. Intraperitoneal lavage with plasma-activated lactate Ringer’s solution (PAL) significantly improved the overall survival rate in an ovarian cancer mouse model. Our results demonstrated the efficiency and practicality of aqueous plasma for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (F.K.); (H.K.)
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (H.T.); (S.T.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: (K.N.); (N.Y.); Tel.: +81-52-744-2261 (K.N. & N.Y.)
| | - Nobuhisa Yoshikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (F.K.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.N.); (N.Y.); Tel.: +81-52-744-2261 (K.N. & N.Y.)
| | - Yuko Mizuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.M.); (M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Miwa Ito
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.M.); (M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (H.T.); (S.T.); (M.H.)
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.M.); (M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Masaaki Mizuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (Y.M.); (M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (H.T.); (S.T.); (M.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (H.T.); (S.T.); (M.H.)
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (F.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (F.K.); (H.K.)
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Okazaki Y, Ishidzu Y, Ito F, Tanaka H, Hori M, Toyokuni S. L-Dehydroascorbate efficiently degrades non-thermal plasma-induced hydrogen peroxide. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 700:108762. [PMID: 33482147 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) devices generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species, such as singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide (O2-), hydroxyl radical (●OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ozone, and nitric oxide at near-physiological temperature. In preclinical studies, NTP promotes blood coagulation, wound healing with disinfection, and selective killing of cancer cells. Although these biological effects of NTP have been widely explored, the stoichiometric quantitation of ROS in the liquid phase has not been performed in the presence of biocompatible reducing agents, which may modify the final biological effects of NTP. Here, we utilized electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantitate ●OH, using a spin-trapping probe 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide; 1O2, using a fluorescent probe; and O2- and H2O2, using luminescent probes, after NTP exposure in the presence of antioxidants. l-ascorbate (Asc) at 50 μM concentration (physiological concentration in serum) significantly scavenged ●OH, whereas (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and α-tocopherol were also effective at performing scavenging activities at 250 μM concentrations. Asc significantly scavenged O2- and H2O2 at 100 μM. l-Dehydroascorbate (DHA), an oxidized form of Asc, degraded H2O2, whereas it did not quench ●OH or O2-, which are sources of H2O2. Furthermore, EGCG efficiently scavenged NTP-induced 1O2, O2-, and H2O2 in Chelex-treated water. These results indicate that the redox cycling of Asc/DHA and metabolites of DHA are important to be considered when applying NTP to cells and tissues. Additionally, ROS-reducing compounds, such as EGCG, affect the outcome. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interaction between ROS and biomolecules to promote the medical applications of NTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yuuri Ishidzu
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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Carcinogenesis as Side Effects of Iron and Oxygen Utilization: From the Unveiled Truth toward Ultimate Bioengineering. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113320. [PMID: 33182727 PMCID: PMC7698037 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a major cause of human mortality worldwide. No life on earth can live without iron. Persistent oxidative stress resulting from continuous use of iron and oxygen may be a fundamental cause of carcinogenesis. Many animal models demonstrated that excess iron may lead to carcinogenesis. This is supported by a variety of human epidemiological data on cancer risk and prognosis. Cancer is basically a disease of the genome with persistently activated oncogenes and inactivated tumor suppressor genes through which iron addiction with ferroptosis-resistance is established. We predict that fine use of nanomaterials and non-thermal plasma may be able to reverse this situation. Abstract Evolution from the first life on earth to humans took ~3.8 billion years. During the time there have been countless struggles among the species. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was the last major uncontrollable species against the human public health worldwide. After the victory with antibiotics, cancer has become the leading cause of death since 1981 in Japan. Considering that life inevitably depends on ceaseless electron transfers through iron and oxygen, we believe that carcinogenesis is intrinsically unavoidable side effects of using iron and oxygen. Many animal models unequivocally revealed that excess iron is a risk for carcinogenesis. This is supported by a variety of human epidemiological data on cancer risk and prognosis. Cancer is basically a disease of the genome with persistently activated oncogenes and inactivated tumor suppressor genes through which iron addiction with ferroptosis-resistance is maintained. Engineering has made a great advance in the past 50 years. In particular, nanotechnology is distinct in that the size of the engineered molecules is similar to that of our biomolecules. While some nano-molecules are found carcinogenic, there are principles to avoid such carcinogenicity with a smart possibility to use nano-molecules to specifically kill cancer cells. Non-thermal plasma is another modality to fight against cancer.
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Li B, Yang L, Peng X, Fan Q, Wei S, Yang S, Li X, Jin H, Wu B, Huang M, Tang S, Liu J, Li H. Emerging mechanisms and applications of ferroptosis in the treatment of resistant cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110710. [PMID: 33568263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of chemotherapy drugs has promoted anticancer treatment, but the effect on tumours is not clear because of treatment resistance; thus, it is necessary to further understand the mechanism of cell death to explore new therapeutic targets. As a new type of programmed cell death, ferroptosis is increasingly being targeted in the treatment of many cancers with clinical drugs and experimental compounds. Ferroptosis is stimulated in tumours with inherently high levels of ferrous ions by a reaction with abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids and the inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, which can overcome treatment resistance in cancers mainly through GPX4. In this review, we focus on the intrinsic cellular regulators against ferroptosis in cancer resistance, such as GPX4, NRF2 and the thioredoxin system. We summarize the application of novel compounds and drugs to circumvent treatment resistance. We also introduce the application of nanoparticles for the treatment of resistant cancers. In conclusion, targeting ferroptosis represents a considerable strategy for resistant cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyuan Jin
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingyao Huang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Shilei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
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Toyokuni S, Yanatori I, Kong Y, Zheng H, Motooka Y, Jiang L. Ferroptosis at the crossroads of infection, aging and cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2665-2671. [PMID: 32437084 PMCID: PMC7419040 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant developments and persistent efforts by scientists, cancer is one of the primary causes of human death worldwide. No form of life on Earth can survive without iron, although some species can live without oxygen. Iron presents a double‐edged sword. Excess iron is a risk for carcinogenesis, while its deficiency causes anemia, leading to oxygen shortage. Every cell is eventually destined to death, either through apoptosis or necrosis. Regulated necrosis is recognized in distinct forms. Ferroptosis is defined as catalytic Fe(II)‐dependent regulated necrosis accompanied by lipid peroxidation. The main observation was necrosis of fibrosarcoma cells through inhibition of cystine/glutamate antiporter with erastin, which reduced intracellular cysteine and, thus, glutathione levels. Our current understanding of ferroptosis is relative abundance of iron (catalytic Fe[II]) in comparison with sulfur (sulfhydryls). Thus, either excess iron or sulfur deficiency causes ferroptosis. Cell proliferation inevitably requires iron for DNA synthesis and energy production. Carcinogenesis is a process toward iron addiction with ferroptosis resistance. Conversely, ferroptosis is associated with aging and neurodegeneration. Ferroptosis of immune cells during infection is advantageous for infectious agents, whereas ferroptosis resistance incubates carcinogenic soil as excess iron. Cancer cells are rich in catalytic Fe(II). Directing established cancer cells to ferroptosis is a novel strategy for discovering cancer therapies. Appropriate iron regulation could be a tactic to reduce and delay carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Izumi Yanatori
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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The c-MET oncoprotein: Function, mechanisms of degradation and its targeting by novel anti-cancer agents. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129650. [PMID: 32522525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The c-MET oncoprotein drives cancer progression in a variety of tumors through its signaling transduction pathways. This oncoprotein is also degraded by multiple mechanisms involving the lysosome, proteasome and cleavage by proteases. Targeting c-MET degradation pathways may result in effective therapeutic strategies. SCOPE OF REVIEW Since the discovery of oncogenic functions of c-MET, there has been a great deal of effort to develop anti-cancer drugs targeting this oncoprotein. Unexpectedly, novel di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones that demonstrate marked anti-tumor activity, down-regulate c-MET through their ability to bind intracellular iron and via mechanisms including, down-regulation of MET mRNA, enhanced lysosomal processing and increased metalloprotease-mediated cleavage. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The c-MET oncoprotein regulation and degradation pathways are complex. However, with increasing understanding of its degradation mechanisms, there is also greater opportunities to therapeutically target these pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the mechanisms of degradation of c-MET protein and its regulation could lead to novel therapeutics.
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Zhen X, Sun HN, Liu R, Choi HS, Lee DS. Non-thermal Plasma-activated Medium Induces Apoptosis of Aspc1 Cells Through the ROS-dependent Autophagy Pathway. In Vivo 2020; 34:143-153. [PMID: 31882473 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Numerous studies on various cancer cell lines have reported that direct exposure to non-thermal plasma treatment using plasma-activated medium (PAM) can be applied as a novel technology for cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of PAM on Aspc1 pancreatic cancer cells and the mechanisms responsible for the cell death observed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A colony-formation, sphere-formation, wound-healing and transwell assays, immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis were used monitor effects of PAM. RESULTS PAM induced a greater cytotoxic effect in pancreatic cancer cells compared to that induced in NIH3T3 cells and 293T cells, and significantly inhibited colony and sphere formation, and cell migration of Aspc1 cells. Furthermore, PAM treatment increased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential in Aspc1 cells. In addition, PAM treatment down-regulated the AKT serine/threonine kinase 1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway and induced ROS-dependent cellular autophagy. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that PAM can induce apoptosis of Aspc1 cells through ROS-dependent autophagy and may be a candidate for use in pancreatic cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- Department of Disease Model Animal Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Ren Liu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea .,Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Li Z, Jiang L, Toyokuni S. Role of carbonic anhydrases in ferroptosis-resistance. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108440. [PMID: 32485154 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron is essential for all the lives on earth but may trigger a switch toward ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated necrosis. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are ubiquitous enzymes from microbes to humans. The primary function of CAs is to regulate cellular pH by hydrating carbon dioxide (CO2) to protons (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). Furthermore, CAs play roles in biosynthetic reactions, such as gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, ureagenesis and are also associated with tumor metabolism, suggesting that CAs may be a potential target for the treatment of cancers. We have recently revealed a novel function of CA IX in ferroptosis-resistance by using human malignant mesothelioma cells. Herein, we aim to review the potential molecular association between ferroptosis and CAs, from the viewpoint of iron-metabolism, lipogenesis and signaling pathways both under physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Ishikawa K, Hosoi Y, Tanaka H, Jiang L, Toyokuni S, Nakamura K, Kajiyama H, Kikkawa F, Mizuno M, Hori M. Non-thermal plasma-activated lactate solution kills U251SP glioblastoma cells in an innate reductive manner with altered metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 688:108414. [PMID: 32464090 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ringer's lactate solution irradiated by non-thermal plasma, comprised of radicals, electrons, and ions, is defined as plasma-activated lactate (PAL). PAL exhibited antitumor effects in glioblastoma U251SP cells, which we termed PAL-specific regulated cell death. In contrast to the oxidative stress condition typical of cells incubated in plasma-activated medium (PAM), U251SP cells treated with Ringer's lactate solution or PAL exhibited changes in intracellular metabolites that were reductive in the redox state, as measured by the ratio of oxidative/reductive glutathione concentrations. In the metabolomic profiles of PAL-treated cells, the generation of acetyl-CoA increased for lipid metabolism from alanine and asparagine. PAL thus induces regulated death of U251SP glioblastoma cells in more innate microenvironments than PAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ishikawa
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 484-8601, Japan.
| | - Yugo Hosoi
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 484-8601, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 484-8601, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 484-8601, Japan; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kae Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 484-8601, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mizuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 484-8601, Japan
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Vaquero J, Judée F, Vallette M, Decauchy H, Arbelaiz A, Aoudjehane L, Scatton O, Gonzalez-Sanchez E, Merabtene F, Augustin J, Housset C, Dufour T, Fouassier L. Cold-Atmospheric Plasma Induces Tumor Cell Death in Preclinical In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Human Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051280. [PMID: 32438553 PMCID: PMC7281400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the last decade, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has emerged as an innovative therapeutic option for cancer treatment. Recently, we have set up a potentially safe atmospheric pressure plasma jet device that displays antitumoral properties in a preclinical model of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a rare and very aggressive cancer emerging from the biliary tree with few efficient treatments. In the present study, we aimed at deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of CAP towards CCA in both an in vivo and in vitro context. In vivo, using subcutaneous xenografts into immunocompromised mice, CAP treatment of CCA induced DNA lesions and tumor cell apoptosis, as evaluated by 8-oxoguanine and cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, respectively. The analysis of the tumor microenvironment showed changes in markers related to macrophage polarization. In vitro, the incubation of CCA cells with CAP-treated culture media (i.e., plasma-activated media, PAM) led to a dose response decrease in cell survival. At molecular level, CAP treatment induced double-strand DNA breaks, followed by an increased phosphorylation and activation of the cell cycle master regulators CHK1 and p53, leading to cell cycle arrest and cell death by apoptosis. In conclusion, CAP is a novel therapeutic option to consider for CCA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vaquero
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (M.V.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (O.S.); (E.G.-S.); (F.M.); (J.A.); (C.H.)
- LPP (Laboratoire de physique des plasmas, UMR 7648), Sorbonne Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique, 75005 Paris, France; (F.J.); (H.D.)
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (T.D.); (L.F.); Tel.: +34-626569867 (J.V.); +33-144279236 (T.D.); +33-698774001 (L.F.)
| | - Florian Judée
- LPP (Laboratoire de physique des plasmas, UMR 7648), Sorbonne Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique, 75005 Paris, France; (F.J.); (H.D.)
| | - Marie Vallette
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (M.V.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (O.S.); (E.G.-S.); (F.M.); (J.A.); (C.H.)
| | - Henri Decauchy
- LPP (Laboratoire de physique des plasmas, UMR 7648), Sorbonne Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique, 75005 Paris, France; (F.J.); (H.D.)
| | - Ander Arbelaiz
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (M.V.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (O.S.); (E.G.-S.); (F.M.); (J.A.); (C.H.)
| | - Lynda Aoudjehane
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (M.V.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (O.S.); (E.G.-S.); (F.M.); (J.A.); (C.H.)
- Inserm, Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Scatton
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (M.V.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (O.S.); (E.G.-S.); (F.M.); (J.A.); (C.H.)
- Inserm, Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ester Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (M.V.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (O.S.); (E.G.-S.); (F.M.); (J.A.); (C.H.)
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatiha Merabtene
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (M.V.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (O.S.); (E.G.-S.); (F.M.); (J.A.); (C.H.)
| | - Jérémy Augustin
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (M.V.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (O.S.); (E.G.-S.); (F.M.); (J.A.); (C.H.)
| | - Chantal Housset
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (M.V.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (O.S.); (E.G.-S.); (F.M.); (J.A.); (C.H.)
- Inserm, Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
- Department of Hepatology, Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis (Centre de référence maladies rares (CRMR), maladies inflammatoires des voies biliaires et hépatites auto-immunes (MIVB-H), AP-HP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Dufour
- LPP (Laboratoire de physique des plasmas, UMR 7648), Sorbonne Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique, 75005 Paris, France; (F.J.); (H.D.)
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (T.D.); (L.F.); Tel.: +34-626569867 (J.V.); +33-144279236 (T.D.); +33-698774001 (L.F.)
| | - Laura Fouassier
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (M.V.); (A.A.); (L.A.); (O.S.); (E.G.-S.); (F.M.); (J.A.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.V.); (T.D.); (L.F.); Tel.: +34-626569867 (J.V.); +33-144279236 (T.D.); +33-698774001 (L.F.)
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Cold Atmospheric Plasma Stimulates Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis to Repair Oxidised Membrane and Enhance Uptake of Nanomaterial in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6985. [PMID: 32332819 PMCID: PMC7181794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) enhances uptake and accumulation of nanoparticles and promotes synergistic cytotoxicity against cancer cells. However, the mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigate the enhanced uptake of theranostic nanomaterials by CAP. Numerical modelling of the uptake of gold nanoparticle into U373MG Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells predicts that CAP may introduce a new uptake route. We demonstrate that cell membrane repair pathways play the main role in this stimulated new uptake route, following non-toxic doses of dielectric barrier discharge CAP. CAP treatment induces cellular membrane damage, mainly via lipid peroxidation as a result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Membranes rich in peroxidised lipids are then trafficked into cells via membrane repairing endocytosis. We confirm that the enhanced uptake of nanomaterials is clathrin-dependent using chemical inhibitors and silencing of gene expression. Therefore, CAP-stimulated membrane repair increases endocytosis and accelerates the uptake of gold nanoparticles into U373MG cells after CAP treatment. We demonstrate the utility of CAP to model membrane oxidative damage in cells and characterise a previously unreported mechanism of membrane repair to trigger nanomaterial uptake. This knowledge will underpin the development of new delivery strategies for theranostic nanoparticles into cancer cells.
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Sahni S, Gillson J, Park KC, Chiang S, Leck LYW, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR. NDRG1 suppresses basal and hypoxia-induced autophagy at both the initiation and degradation stages and sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129625. [PMID: 32335136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is an established stress-response protein. This study investigated the effects of NDRG1 on autophagic degradation and how this can be therapeutically exploited. METHODS Cell culture, western analysis, confocal microscopy, acridine orange staining, cholesterol determination, cellular proliferation assessment and combination index (CI) estimation. RESULTS NDRG1 expression suppressed autophagic degradation and autolysosome formation, measured by increased p62 expression and reduced co-localization between the well-characterized, autophagosomal and lysosomal markers, LC3 and LAMP2, respectively. NDRG1 elicited autophagic suppression at the initiation stage of autophagy. The NDRG1-inducer and anti-cancer agent, di-2-pyridylketone 4,4,-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), was able to induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). Over-expression of NDRG1 further sensitized cells to LMP mediated by both Dp44mT, or the redox active Dp44mT‑copper complex. This sensitization may be mediated via a decrease in cholesterol levels upon NDRG1 expression, as cholesterol stabilizes lysosomal membranes. However, the effect of NDRG1 on cholesterol appeared independent of the key energy homeostasis sensor, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), whose activation was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced by NDRG1. Finally, Dp44mT synergistically potentiated the anti-proliferative activity of Gemcitabine that activates autophagy. In fact, Dp44mT and Gemcitabine (Combination Index (CI): 0.38 ± 0.07) demonstrated higher synergism versus the autophagy inhibitor, Bafilomycin A1 and Gemcitabine (CI: 0.64 ± 0.19). CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, this study demonstrated a dual-inhibitory mechanism of NDRG1 on autophagic activity, and that NDRG1 expression sensitized cells to Dp44mT-induced LMP. Considering the ability of Dp44mT to inhibit autophagy, studies demonstrated the potential of combination therapy for cancer treatment of Dp44mT with Gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Josef Gillson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Shannon Chiang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Lionel Yi Wen Leck
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Cancer Drug Resistance Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Cancer Drug Resistance Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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45
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The growing evidence for targeting P-glycoprotein in lysosomes to overcome resistance. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:473-477. [PMID: 32098489 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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46
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Felley-Bosco E, Gray SG. Mesothelioma Driver Genes, Ferroptosis, and Therapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1318. [PMID: 31828040 PMCID: PMC6890845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Felley-Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Trinity Translational Medical Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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47
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Okazaki Y, Tanaka H, Hori M, Toyokuni S. -Dehydroascorbic acid recycled by thiols efficiently scavenges non-thermal plasma-induced hydroxyl radicals. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 669:87-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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48
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Hassannia B, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T. Targeting Ferroptosis to Iron Out Cancer. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:830-849. [PMID: 31105042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1284] [Impact Index Per Article: 256.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the key challenges in cancer research is how to effectively kill cancer cells while leaving the healthy cells intact. Cancer cells often have defects in cell death executioner mechanisms, which is one of the main reasons for therapy resistance. To enable growth, cancer cells exhibit an increased iron demand compared with normal, non-cancer cells. This iron dependency can make cancer cells more vulnerable to iron-catalyzed necrosis, referred to as ferroptosis. The identification of FDA-approved drugs as ferroptosis inducers creates high expectations for the potential of ferroptosis to be a new promising way to kill therapy-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Hassannia
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Ferroptosis And Inflammation Research (FAIR), VIB-Ghent University and University of Antwerp, Belgium.
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49
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Sato K, Shi L, Ito F, Ohara Y, Motooka Y, Tanaka H, Mizuno M, Hori M, Hirayama T, Hibi H, Toyokuni S. Non-thermal plasma specifically kills oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in a catalytic Fe(II)-dependent manner. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:8-15. [PMID: 31379408 PMCID: PMC6667380 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer accounts for ~2% of all cancers worldwide, and therapeutic intervention is closely associated with quality of life. Here, we evaluated the effects of non-thermal plasma on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells with special reference to catalytic Fe(II). Non-thermal plasma exerted a specific killing effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in comparison to fibroblasts. Furthermore, the effect was dependent on the amounts of catalytic Fe(II), present especially in lysosomes. After non-thermal plasma application, lipid peroxidation occurred and peroxides and mitochondrial superoxide were generated. Cancer cell death by non-thermal plasma was promoted dose-dependently by prior application of ferric ammonium citrate and prevented by desferrioxamine, suggesting the association of ferroptosis. Potential involvement of apoptosis was also observed with positive terminal deoxynucleaotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and annexin V results. Non-thermal plasma exposure significantly suppressed the migratory, invasive and colony-forming abilities of squamous cell carcinoma cells. The oral cavity is easily observable; therefore, non-thermal plasma can be directly applied to the oral cavity to kill oral squamous cell carcinoma without damaging fibroblasts. In conclusion, non-thermal plasma treatment is a potential therapeutic option for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sato
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mizuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Plasma Nanotechnology Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- The Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideharu Hibi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Turumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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50
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Recalcati S, Correnti M, Gammella E, Raggi C, Invernizzi P, Cairo G. Iron Metabolism in Liver Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:149. [PMID: 30941302 PMCID: PMC6433741 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) which have been identified in several tumors, including liver cancer, represent a particular subpopulation of tumor cells characterized by properties similar to those of adult stem cells. Importantly, CSC are resistant to standard therapies, thereby leading to metastatic dissemination and tumor relapse. Given the increasing evidence that iron homeostasis is deregulated in cancer, here we describe the iron homeostasis alterations in cancer cells, particularly in liver CSC. We also discuss two paradoxically opposite iron manipulation-strategies for tumor therapy based either on iron chelation or iron overload-mediated oxidant production leading to ferroptosis. A better understanding of iron metabolism modifications occurring in hepatic tumors and particularly in liver CSC cells may offer new therapeutic options for this cancer, which is characterized by increasing incidence and unfavorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Recalcati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elena Gammella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cairo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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