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Liang Y, Zhang J, Hu J, Chen P, Xia J, He J, Wu S, Li J, Wang J. Oxygen vacancy formation strengthened microwave catalysis of Zn-Zr solid solution for antibiotic-free therapy strategies of bacteria-infected osteomyelitis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:122-129. [PMID: 38848785 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis, a grave deep tissue infection primarily caused by Staphylococcus aureus, results in serious complications such as abscesses and sepsis. With the incidence from open fractures exceeding 30 % and prevalent antibiotic resistance due to extensive treatment regimens, there's an urgent need for innovative, antibiotic-free strategies. Photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) renowned for generating localized reactive oxygen species (ROS), face limitations in penetration depth. To overcome this, our method combines the deep penetration attributes of medical microwaves (MW) with the synergistic effects of the ZnO/ZrO2 solid solution. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations showcased the solid-solution's potent antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility. The ZnO/ZrO2 solid solution, especially in a 7:3 M ratio, manifests superior microstructural characteristics, optimizing MW-assisted therapy. Our findings highlight the potential of this integrated strategy as a promising avenue in osteomyelitis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, 225000, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, 225000, China
| | - Jinlong Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, 225000, China
| | - Pengtao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, 225000, China
| | - Junyu Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Jinshan He
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, 225000, China
| | - Shuqing Wu
- Sleep Medicine Center, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
| | - Jie Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China.
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, 225000, China.
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2
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Fontaine M, Bartolami E, Prono M, Béal D, Blosi M, Costa AL, Ravagli C, Baldi G, Sprio S, Tampieri A, Fenoglio I, Tran L, Fadeel B, Carriere M. Nanomaterial genotoxicity evaluation using the high-throughput p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) assay. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288737. [PMID: 37713377 PMCID: PMC10503773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity evaluation of engineered nanomaterials is challenging due to the ever increasing number of materials and because nanomaterials (NMs) frequently interfere with commonly used assays. Hence, there is a need for robust, high-throughput assays with which to assess their hazard potential. The present study aimed at evaluating the applicability of a genotoxicity assay based on the immunostaining and foci counting of the DNA repair protein 53BP1 (p53-binding protein 1), in a high-throughput format, for NM genotoxicity assessment. For benchmarking purposes, we first applied the assay to a set of eight known genotoxic agents, as well as X-ray irradiation (1 Gy). Then, a panel of NMs and nanobiomaterials (NBMs) was evaluated with respect to their impact on cell viability and genotoxicity, and to their potential to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The genotoxicity recorded using the 53BP1 assay was confirmed using the micronucleus assay, also scored via automated (high-throughput) microscopy. The 53BP1 assay successfully identified genotoxic compounds on the HCT116 human intestinal cell line. None of the tested NMs showed any genotoxicity using the 53BP1 assay, except the positive control consisting in (CoO)(NiO) NMs, while only TiO2 NMs showed positive outcome in the micronucleus assay. Only Fe3O4 NMs caused significant elevation of ROS, not correlated to DNA damage. Therefore, owing to its adequate predictivity of the genotoxicity of most of the tested benchmark substance and its ease of implementation in a high throughput format, the 53BP1 assay could be proposed as a complementary high-throughput screening genotoxicity assay, in the context of the development of New Approach Methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maelle Fontaine
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Eline Bartolami
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marion Prono
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - David Béal
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Magda Blosi
- National Research Council, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials ISSMC-CNR (Former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna L. Costa
- National Research Council, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials ISSMC-CNR (Former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Costanza Ravagli
- Ce.Ri.Col, Colorobbia Consulting S.R.L, Sovigliana-Vinci, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giovanni Baldi
- Ce.Ri.Col, Colorobbia Consulting S.R.L, Sovigliana-Vinci, Firenze, Italy
| | - Simone Sprio
- National Research Council, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials ISSMC-CNR (Former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- National Research Council, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials ISSMC-CNR (Former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lang Tran
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Carriere
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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3
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Barbero F, Gul S, Perrone G, Fenoglio I. Photoresponsive Inorganic Nanomaterials in Oncology. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231192850. [PMID: 37551087 PMCID: PMC10408349 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231192850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer are continuously evolving in search of more efficient, safe, and personalized approaches. Therapies based on nanoparticles or physical stimuli-responsive substances have shown great potential to overcome the inherent shortcomings of conventional cancer therapies. In fact, nanoparticles may increase the half-life of chemotherapeutic agents or promote the targeting in cancer tissues while physical stimuli-responsive substances are more effective and safer with respect to traditional chemotherapeutic agents because of the possibility to be switched on only when needed. These 2 approaches can be combined by exploiting the ability of some inorganic nanomaterials to be activated by light, ultrasounds, magnetic fields, or ionizing radiations. Albeit the development of stimuli-responsive materials is still at the early stages, research in this field is rapidly growing since they have important advantages with respect to organic nanoparticles or molecular substances, like higher stability, and higher efficiency in converting the stimulus in heat or, in some cases, reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, the translation process is slowed down by issues related to safety and quality of the formulations. This literature review summarizes the current advancements in this research field, analysing the most promising materials and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shagufta Gul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Guido Perrone
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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4
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Inhibitory Effect against Listeria monocytogenes of Carbon Nanoparticles Loaded with Copper as Precursors of Food Active Packaging. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192941. [PMID: 36230015 PMCID: PMC9562255 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human listeriosis is a serious foodborne disease of which outbreaks are occurring increasingly frequently in Europe. Around the world, different legal requirements exist to guarantee food safety. Nanomaterials are increasingly used in the food industry as inhibitors of pathogens, and carbon nanomaterials are among the most promising. In the present study, novel carbon nanoparticles loaded with copper (CNP-Cu) were prepared, and their antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes was assessed. CNPs of two sizes were synthesized and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) and electron microscopy (EM). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CNP-Cu was determined in accordance with the available standard. To get insights into its mechanism of action, the release of copper ions into a cell media was assessed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission (ICP-OE), and the ability of loaded CNPs to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by EPR spectroscopy. Finally, the extent of release of copper in a food simulant was assessed. The results demonstrated the antimicrobial effectiveness of CNP-Cu, with growth inhibition up to 85% and a release of copper that was more pronounced in an acidic food simulant. Overall, the results indicate CNP-Cu as a promising agent for the design of active food packaging which is able to improve food shelf-life.
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5
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Antonello G, Marucco A, Gazzano E, Kainourgios P, Ravagli C, Gonzalez-Paredes A, Sprio S, Padín-González E, Soliman MG, Beal D, Barbero F, Gasco P, Baldi G, Carriere M, Monopoli MP, Charitidis CA, Bergamaschi E, Fenoglio I, Riganti C. Changes of physico-chemical properties of nano-biomaterials by digestion fluids affect the physiological properties of epithelial intestinal cells and barrier models. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:49. [PMID: 35854319 PMCID: PMC9297619 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread use of nano-biomaterials (NBMs) has increased the chance of human exposure. Although ingestion is one of the major routes of exposure to NBMs, it is not thoroughly studied to date. NBMs are expected to be dramatically modified following the transit into the oral-gastric-intestinal (OGI) tract. How these transformations affect their interaction with intestinal cells is still poorly understood. NBMs of different chemical nature—lipid-surfactant nanoparticles (LSNPs), carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), surface modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FNPs) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HNPs)—were treated in a simulated human digestive system (SHDS) and then characterised. The biological effects of SHDS-treated and untreated NBMs were evaluated on primary (HCoEpiC) and immortalised (Caco-2, HCT116) epithelial intestinal cells and on an intestinal barrier model. Results The application of the in vitro SDHS modified the biocompatibility of NBMs on gastrointestinal cells. The differences between SHDS-treated and untreated NBMs could be attributed to the irreversible modification of the NBMs in the SHDS. Aggregation was detected for all NBMs regardless of their chemical nature, while pH- or enzyme-mediated partial degradation was detected for hydroxyapatite or polymer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles and lipid nanoparticles, respectively. The formation of a bio-corona, which contains proteases, was also demonstrated on all the analysed NBMs. In viability assays, undifferentiated primary cells were more sensitive than immortalised cells to digested NBMs, but neither pristine nor treated NBMs affected the intestinal barrier viability and permeability. SHDS-treated NBMs up-regulated the tight junction genes (claudin 3 and 5, occludin, zonula occludens 1) in intestinal barrier, with different patterns between each NBM, and increase the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-22, IL-10). Notably, none of these NBMs showed any significant genotoxic effect. Conclusions Overall, the results add a piece of evidence on the importance of applying validated in vitro SHDS models for the assessment of NBM intestinal toxicity/biocompatibility. We propose the association of chemical and microscopic characterization, SHDS and in vitro tests on both immortalised and primary cells as a robust screening pipeline useful to monitor the changes in the physico-chemical properties of ingested NBMs and their effects on intestinal cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00491-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Antonello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Arianna Marucco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Kainourgios
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Zographos, Athens, Greece
| | - Costanza Ravagli
- Colorobbia Consulting Srl, Headwork, Via Pietramarina, 53, 50059, Sovigliana, Vinci, FI, Italy
| | | | - Simone Sprio
- National Research Council, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics ISTEC-CNR, Via Granarolo 64, 48018, Faenza, RA, Italy
| | - Esperanza Padín-González
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mahmoud G Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David Beal
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Francesco Barbero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasco
- Nanovector Srl, Headwork, Via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Baldi
- Colorobbia Consulting Srl, Headwork, Via Pietramarina, 53, 50059, Sovigliana, Vinci, FI, Italy
| | - Marie Carriere
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marco P Monopoli
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Costas A Charitidis
- Research Unit of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St., 15780, Zographos, Athens, Greece
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia, 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Vercellino S, Kokalari I, Liz Cantoral M, Petseva V, Cursi L, Casoli F, Castagnola V, Boselli L, Fenoglio I. Biological interactions of ferromagnetic iron oxide-carbon nanohybrids with alveolar epithelial cells. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3514-3526. [PMID: 35603779 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been largely investigated in a plethora of biological fields for their interesting physical-chemical properties, which make them suitable for application in cancer therapy, neuroscience, and imaging. Several encouraging results have been reported in these contexts. However, the possible toxic effects of some IONP formulations can limit their applicability. In this work, IONPs were synthesized with a carbon shell (IONP@C), providing enhanced stability both as colloidal dispersion and in the biological environment. We conducted a careful multiparametric evaluation of IONP@C biological interactions in vitro, providing them with an in vivo-like biological identity. Our hybrid nanoformulation showed no cytotoxic effects on a widely employed model of alveolar epithelial cells for a variety of concentrations and exposure times. The IONP@C were efficiently internalized and TEM analysis allowed the protective role of the carbon shell against intracellular degradation to be assessed. Intracellular redistribution of the IONP@C from the lysosomes to the lamellar bodies was also observed after 72 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vercellino
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Ida Kokalari
- Dept. of Chemistry, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy. .,Delft University of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ DELFT, The Netherlands
| | - Mayra Liz Cantoral
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,Dept. of Chemistry, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Vanya Petseva
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Lorenzo Cursi
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Francesca Casoli
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), National Research Council (CNR), Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Valentina Castagnola
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Boselli
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,Nanobiointeractions and Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Dept. of Chemistry, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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7
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Barzan G, Kokalari I, Gariglio G, Ghibaudi E, Devocelle M, Monopoli MP, Sacco A, Greco A, Giovannozzi AM, Rossi AM, Fenoglio I. Molecular Aspects of the Interaction with Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria of Hydrothermal Carbon Nanoparticles Associated with Bac8c 2,5Leu Antimicrobial Peptide. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16402-16413. [PMID: 35601297 PMCID: PMC9118266 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely studied as therapeutic agents due to their broad-spectrum efficacy against infections. However, their clinical use is hampered by the low in vivo bioavailability and systemic toxicity. Such limitations might be overcome by using appropriate drug delivery systems. Here, the preparation of a drug delivery system (DDS) by physical conjugation of an arginine-rich peptide and hydrothermal carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) has been explored, and its antimicrobial efficacy against Eschericia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus investigated in comparison with the unloaded carrier and the free peptide. The mechanism of interaction between CNPs and the bacteria was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and a combined dielectrophoresis-Raman spectroscopy method for real-time analysis. In view of a possible systemic administration, the effect of proteins on the stability of the DDS was investigated by using albumin as a model protein. The peptide was bounded electrostatically to the CNPs surface, establishing an equilibrium modulated by pH and albumin. The DDS exhibited antimicrobial activity toward the two bacterial strains, albeit lower as compared to the free peptide. The decrease in effectiveness toward E. coli was likely due to the rapid formation of a particle-induced extracellular matrix. The present results are relevant for the future development of hydrothermal CNPs as drug delivery agents of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Barzan
- National
Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
- Department
of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico
di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Ida Kokalari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gariglio
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Ghibaudi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marc Devocelle
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marco P. Monopoli
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alessio Sacco
- National
Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Angelo Greco
- National
Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
- Department
of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico
di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Andrea M. Rossi
- National
Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
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8
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Omran B, Baek KH. Nanoantioxidants: Pioneer Types, Advantages, Limitations, and Future Insights. Molecules 2021; 26:7031. [PMID: 34834124 PMCID: PMC8624789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are generated as byproducts of normal metabolic processes as well as due to exposure to several environmental pollutants. They are highly reactive species, causing cellular damage and are associated with a plethora of oxidative stress-related diseases and disorders. Antioxidants can control autoxidation by interfering with free radical propagation or inhibiting free radical formation, reducing oxidative stress, improving immune function, and increasing health longevity. Antioxidant functionalized metal nanoparticles, transition metal oxides, and nanocomposites have been identified as potent nanoantioxidants. They can be formulated in monometallic, bimetallic, and multi-metallic combinations via chemical and green synthesis techniques. The intrinsic antioxidant properties of nanomaterials are dependent on their tunable configuration, physico-chemical properties, crystallinity, surface charge, particle size, surface-to-volume ratio, and surface coating. Nanoantioxidants have several advantages over conventional antioxidants, involving increased bioavailability, controlled release, and targeted delivery to the site of action. This review emphasizes the most pioneering types of nanoantioxidants such as nanoceria, silica nanoparticles, polydopamine nanoparticles, and nanocomposite-, polysaccharide-, and protein-based nanoantioxidants. This review overviews the antioxidant potential of biologically synthesized nanomaterials, which have emerged as significant alternatives due to their biocompatibility and high stability. The promising nanoencapsulation nanosystems such as solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and liposome nanoparticles are highlighted. The advantages, limitations, and future insights of nanoantioxidant applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Omran
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
- Department of Processes Design & Development, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo 11727, Egypt
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
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9
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Pivetta TP, Botteon CEA, Ribeiro PA, Marcato PD, Raposo M. Nanoparticle Systems for Cancer Phototherapy: An Overview. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113132. [PMID: 34835896 PMCID: PMC8625970 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are photo-mediated treatments with different mechanisms of action that can be addressed for cancer treatment. Both phototherapies are highly successful and barely or non-invasive types of treatment that have gained attention in the past few years. The death of cancer cells because of the application of these therapies is caused by the formation of reactive oxygen species, that leads to oxidative stress for the case of photodynamic therapy and the generation of heat for the case of photothermal therapies. The advancement of nanotechnology allowed significant benefit to these therapies using nanoparticles, allowing both tuning of the process and an increase of effectiveness. The encapsulation of drugs, development of the most different organic and inorganic nanoparticles as well as the possibility of surfaces' functionalization are some strategies used to combine phototherapy and nanotechnology, with the aim of an effective treatment with minimal side effects. This article presents an overview on the use of nanostructures in association with phototherapy, in the view of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais P. Pivetta
- CEFITEC, Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Caroline E. A. Botteon
- GNanoBio, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil; (C.E.A.B.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Paulo A. Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Priscyla D. Marcato
- GNanoBio, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil; (C.E.A.B.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Maria Raposo
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +351-21-294-85-49
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10
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Baschieri A, Amorati R. Methods to Determine Chain-Breaking Antioxidant Activity of Nanomaterials beyond DPPH •. A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1551. [PMID: 34679687 PMCID: PMC8533328 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the progress made in recent years in understanding the mechanism of action of nanomaterials with antioxidant activity and in the chemical methods used to evaluate their activity. Nanomaterials represent one of the most recent frontiers in the research for improved antioxidants, but further development is hampered by a poor characterization of the ''antioxidant activity'' property and by using oversimplified chemical methods. Inhibited autoxidation experiments provide valuable information about the interaction with the most important radicals involved in the lipid oxidation, namely alkylperoxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals, and demonstrate unambiguously the ability to stop the oxidation of organic materials. It is proposed that autoxidation methods should always complement (and possibly replace) the use of assays based on the quenching of stable radicals (such as DPPH• and ABTS•+). The mechanisms leading to the inhibition of the autoxidation (sacrificial and catalytic radical trapping antioxidant activity) are described in the context of nanoantioxidants. Guidelines for the selection of the appropriate testing conditions and of meaningful kinetic analysis are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baschieri
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Kokalari I, Keshavan S, Rahman M, Gazzano E, Barzan G, Mandrile L, Giovannozzi A, Ponti J, Antonello G, Monopoli M, Perrone G, Bergamaschi E, Riganti C, Fadeel B, Fenoglio I. Efficacy, biocompatibility and degradability of carbon nanoparticles for photothermal therapy of lung cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:689-707. [PMID: 33851540 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate near infrared-induced phototoxicity toward lung cancer cells, and the biodegradability and effect on immune cells of glucose-derived carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). Methods: The human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line was used as a model to study the phototoxicity of CNPs. The biodegradability and the effect on immune cells was demonstrated in primary human neutrophils and macrophages. Results: Near infrared-activated CNPs elicited rapid cell death, characterized by the elevation of heat shock proteins and the induction of DNA damage. CNPs were found to be noncytotoxic toward primary human macrophages and were susceptible to biodegradation when cocultured with human neutrophils. Conclusions: Our results identify CNPs as promising platforms for photothermal therapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Kokalari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Sandeep Keshavan
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Life Sciences & Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Barzan
- National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), 10135, Torino, Italy.,Department of Electronics andTelecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Mandrile
- National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Giovannozzi
- National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), 10135, Torino, Italy
| | - Jessica Ponti
- EuropeanCommission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Giulia Antonello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Monopoli
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Guido Perrone
- Department of Electronics & Telecommunications, Polytechnic of Torino, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health & Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
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12
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Tacu I, Kokalari I, Abollino O, Albrecht C, Malandrino M, Ferretti AM, Schins RPF, Fenoglio I. Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Iron, Copper, and Carbonaceous Component on the Oxidative Potential of Ultrafine Particulate Matter. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:767-779. [PMID: 33651939 PMCID: PMC8034814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Transition
metals play a key role in the pathogenic potential of
urban particulate matter (PM). However, air quality regulations include
exposure limits only for metals having a known toxic potential like
Pb, As, Cd, and Ni, neglecting other transition metals like Fe and
Cu. Fe and Cu are mainly found in the water-soluble fraction of PM.
However, a fraction of the ions may persist strongly bound to the
particles, thus potentially acting as surface reactive sites. The
contribution of surface ions to the oxidative potential (OP) of PM
is likely different from that of free ions since the redox activity
of metals is modulated by their local chemical environment. The aim
of this study was to investigate how Fe and Cu bound to carbonaceous
particles affect the OP and associated toxicity of PM toward epithelial
cells and macrophages. Carbonaceous nanoparticles (CNPs) having well-defined
size were loaded with controlled amounts of Cu and Fe. The effect
of Cu and Fe on the OP of CNPs was evaluated by electronic paramagnetic
resonance (EPR) spectroscopy associated with the spin-trapping technique
and correlated with the ability to induce cytotoxicity (LDH, WST-1),
oxidative stress (Nrf2 translocation), and DNA damage (comet assay)
on lung macrophages (NR8383) and/or epithelial cells (RLE-6TN). The
release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, and CXCL2)
by macrophages and epithelial cells was also investigated. The results
indicate a major contribution of surface Cu to the surface reactivity
of CNPs, while Fe has a minor role. At the same time, Cu increases
the cytotoxicity of CNPs and their ability to induce oxidative stress
and DNA damage. In contrast, surface Fe increases the release of pro-inflammatory
cytokines by macrophages. Overall, these results confirm the role
of Cu and Fe in PM toxicity and suggest that the total metals content
in PM might be a better indicator of pathogenicity than water-soluble
metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Tacu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy.,IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Ida Kokalari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Ornella Abollino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Catrin Albrecht
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Mery Malandrino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ferretti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" SCITEC CNR, Via Fantoli 16/15, Milan 20138, Italy
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy
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13
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Wen K, Wu L, Wu X, Lu Y, Duan T, Ma H, Peng A, Shi Q, Huang H. Precisely Tuning Photothermal and Photodynamic Effects of Polymeric Nanoparticles by Controlled Copolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12756-12761. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Wen
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Lifen Wu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials School of National School of National Defence Science & Technology Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Wu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Ying Lu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Tao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials School of National School of National Defence Science & Technology Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
| | - Han Ma
- Department of Dermatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 China
| | - Aidong Peng
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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14
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Wen K, Wu L, Wu X, Lu Y, Duan T, Ma H, Peng A, Shi Q, Huang H. Precisely Tuning Photothermal and Photodynamic Effects of Polymeric Nanoparticles by Controlled Copolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Wen
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Lifen Wu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials School of National School of National Defence Science & Technology Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Wu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Ying Lu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Tao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials School of National School of National Defence Science & Technology Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
| | - Han Ma
- Department of Dermatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 China
| | - Aidong Peng
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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15
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Soddu L, Trinh DN, Dunne E, Kenny D, Bernardini G, Kokalari I, Marucco A, Monopoli MP, Fenoglio I. Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:550-567. [PMID: 32280579 PMCID: PMC7136551 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic materials are receiving significant interest in medicine given their usefulness for therapeutic applications such as targeted drug delivery, active pharmaceutical carriers and medical imaging. However, poor knowledge of the side effects related to their use is an obstacle to clinical translation. For the development of molecular drugs, the concept of safe-by-design has become an efficient pharmaceutical strategy with the aim of reducing costs, which can also accelerate the translation into the market. In the case of materials, the application these approaches is hampered by poor knowledge of how the physical and chemical properties of the material trigger the biological response. Hemocompatibility is a crucial aspect to take into consideration for those materials that are intended for medical applications. The formation of nanoparticle agglomerates can cause severe side effects that may induce occlusion of blood vessels and thrombotic events. Additionally, nanoparticles can interfere with the coagulation cascade causing both pro- and anti-coagulant properties. There is contrasting evidence on how the physicochemical properties of the material modulate these effects. In this work, we developed two sets of tailored carbon and silica nanoparticles with three different diameters in the 100-500 nm range with the purpose of investigating the role of surface curvature and chemistry on platelet aggregation, activation and adhesion. Substantial differences were found in the composition of the protein corona depending on the chemical nature of the nanoparticles, while the surface curvature was found to play a minor role. On the other hand, large carbon nanoparticles (but not small carbon nanoparticles or silica nanoparticles) have a clear tendency to form aggregates both in plasma and blood. This effect was observed both in the presence or absence of platelets and was independent of platelet activation. Overall, the results presented herein suggest the existence of independent modes of action that are differently affected by the physicochemical properties of the materials, potentially leading to vessel occlusion and/or formation of thrombi in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Soddu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Duong N Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eimear Dunne
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dermot Kenny
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Giorgia Bernardini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ida Kokalari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Arianna Marucco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco P Monopoli
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
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16
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Zafar MS, Quarta A, Marradi M, Ragusa A. Recent Developments in the Reduction of Oxidative Stress through Antioxidant Polymeric Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E505. [PMID: 31581497 PMCID: PMC6835330 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are produced endogenously in our body, or introduced through external factors, such as pollution, cigarette smoke, and excessive sunlight exposure. In normal conditions, there is a physiological balance between pro-oxidant species and antioxidant molecules that are able to counteract the detrimental effect of the former. Nevertheless, when this homeostasis is disrupted, the resulting oxidative stress can lead to several pathological conditions, from inflammation to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we report on the recent developments of different polymeric formulations that are able to reduce the oxidative stress, from natural extracts, to films and hydrogels, and finally to nanoparticles (NPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shajih Zafar
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Quarta
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Marco Marradi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ragusa
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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