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Singh V, Shri R, Sood P, Singh M, Singh TG, Singh R, Kumar A, Ahmad SF. 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone mitigates lead induced neurotoxicity in rats via its chelating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and monoaminergic properties. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 189:114747. [PMID: 38768937 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to lead (Pb) induces neurodegenerative changes in animals and humans. Drugs with strong antioxidant properties are effective against Pb-mediated neurotoxicity. In a prior study, we identified 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone (TMF) from Ocimum basilicum L. leaves as a potent antioxidant and neuroprotective compound. This research explores TMF's neuroprotective effects against Pb-induced brain toxicity in rats to establish it as a therapeutic agent. Rats received lead acetate (100 mg/kg, orally, once daily) for 30 days to induce brain injury, followed by TMF treatment (5 and 10 mg/kg, oral, once daily) 30 min later. Cognitive and motor functions were assessed using Morris Water Maze and horizontal bar tests. Lead, monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B enzymes, reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6 levels were measured in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Pb exposure impaired cognitive and motor functions, increased Pb, TBARS, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, and compromised MAO A & B and GSH levels. TMF reversed Pb-induced memory and motor deficits and normalized biochemical anomalies. TMF's neuroprotective effects against lead involve chelating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and monoaminergic properties, suggesting its potential as a treatment for metal-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Parul Sood
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ravinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Shi Z, Chen H, He J, Zhang W, Lin H. The Addition of Resveratrol-Loaded Emulsions to Yogurts: Physicochemical Characterization, In Vitro Bioaccessibility and NMR-Based Nutritional Profiles. Foods 2024; 13:426. [PMID: 38338561 PMCID: PMC10855275 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, resveratrol-loaded nano-emulsions were added to yogurts, improving the physicochemical properties and functional factors and realizing the development of nutrient-fortified yogurt. Yogurts added with free resveratrol (Y-R), resveratrol-loaded emulsions stabilized by sodium caseinate (Y-NN), decaglycerol monooleate (Y-DN), and sodium caseinate-decaglycerol monooleate (Y-DND) were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, including pH, titratable acidity, syneresis, and textural parameters, with 5-day intervals for 15-day storage. The resveratrol retention rate was analyzed in the Y-R, Y-NN, Y-DN, and Y-NDN groups during 15 days of storage. The dynamic bioaccessibility of resveratrol and the NMR-based nutritional profile of yogurt in the Y-R, Y-NN, Y-DN, and the Y-NDN group were investigated after in vitro digestion. The results demonstrated that the addition of resveratrol emulsion decreased the hardness of yogurt while evaluating its titratable acidity and water-holding capacity, which were characterized by high stability. The stability of resveratrol added in the form of an emulsion was significantly higher than that of the free form. Compared with the other groups, the yogurt formulated with sodium caseinate/decaglycerol monooleate (NaCas/DGMO) emulsion showed the highest resveratrol retention rate, about 70%. In vitro digestion showed that encapsulation effectively and persistently improved the dynamic bioaccessibility of resveratrol. Additionally, NMR-based nutritional profile analysis before and after in vitro digestion demonstrated that resveratrol emulsion nutritional fortification promoted the release of nutrients, improving the nutritional value of yogurt. These findings offered theoretical guidance and technical support for the use of resveratrol nano-emulsions in yogurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Junbo He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.S.); (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Weinong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.S.); (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (Z.S.); (J.H.)
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
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Sood P, Singh V, Shri R. Morus Alba Fruit Extract and its Fractions Ameliorate Streptozotocin Induced Cognitive Deficit in Mice via Modulating Oxidative and Cholinergic Systems. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:52-65. [PMID: 37597050 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity are key pathological characters contributing to the memory disorders. Thus, drugs targeting both oxidative stress and AChE are being explored for the management of cognitive dysfunction. Morus alba fruits (commonly consumed for its high nutritious value) are known to have antioxidant and AChE inhibitory effects. However, the role of Morus alba fruits in the management of memory disorders has not reported yet. This investigation was conducted to assess the antioxidant and AChE inhibitory potential of Morus alba fruit extracts in-vitro and to identify the components responsible for such effects. Further, the obtained bioactive component was studied for possible memory improvement effects against streptozotocin (STZ) induced dementia. To isolate the bioactive component in-vitro DPPH and AChE assays guided fractionation was performed. Memory functions in mice were determined using Morris Water Maze test while brain biochemical parameters were measured to understand the mechanism of action. In-vitro assays revealed strong AChE and DPPH inhibitory potential of methanol extract (ME), therefore, it was further fractionated. Among various fractions obtained, ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF) was found to possess marked AChE and DPPH inhibitory activities. On subsequent fractionation of EAF, bioactivity of obtained sub-fractions was found to be inferior to EAF. Further, both ME and EAF improved STZ (intracerebroventricular) induced cognitive dysfunction in animals by restoring endogenous antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione) and reducing thiobarbituric acid reactive species and nitric oxide levels along with brain AChE and myeloperoxidase activity. TLC densitometric studies showed appreciable levels of phenolic acids and quercetin in both EAF and ME. It can be concluded that Morus alba fruit extract has the ability to modulate cholinergic and oxidative system due to presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and hence, could aid in the management of memory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sood
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Sharma P, Singh V, Singh M. N-methylpiperazinyl and piperdinylalkyl-O-chalcone derivatives as potential polyfunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1155-1175. [PMID: 37599098 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The series of N-methylpiperazinyl and piperdinylalkyl-O-chalcone derivatives as potential polyfuctional agents against Alzheimer's disease that have been designed, synthesized and then evaluated biologically using in vitro assays for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, AGEs, and free radical formation. The majority of synthesized compounds inhibited AChE & AGEs with additional free radical scavenging activities at nanomolar concentrations. Among these, compound 5k was found to have potent AChE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 11.6 nM), superior than the reference compound donepezil (15.68 nM) along with the good anti-AGEs and free radical formation effect. Its potency was justified by docking studies that revealed its dual binding characteristic with both catalytic active site and peripheral anionic site of AChE, simultaneously. Furthermore, the in vivo evaluation of 5k against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced dementia in rats also showed improvement of memory functions (Morris water maze test) in animals. Also, 5k inhibited STZ-inudced brain AChE activity and oxidative stress which further strengthen the observed in vitro effects. The stability of the ligand-protein complex was then analyzed using a simulation-based interaction protocol. The results revealed that these N-methylpiperazinyl and piperdinylalkyl-O-chalcone derivatives could be considered for potential polyfunctional anti-Alzheimer's molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Sood P, Singh V, Shri R. Morus alba fruit diet ameliorates cognitive deficit in mouse model of streptozotocin-induced memory impairment. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1657-1669. [PMID: 36947332 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that dietary intake of fruits with polyphenols is beneficial to improve impaired memory functions. This study explored the preventive as well as therapeutic effects of diet enriched with Morus alba fruits extract (DEMA) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced mouse model of memory impairment. The study consisted of two facets: one aspect consisted of pretreatment of animals with DEMA for two weeks followed by STZ (i.c.v) intervention and the second phase involved induction of dementia with STZ (i.c.v) followed by treatment with DEMA for 14 days. Cognitive functions of animals were measured by Morris Water Maze test and to delineate the associated mechanism of action, brain biochemical estimations (acetyl-cholinesterase activity, myeloperoxidase activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, superoxide dismutase activity, reduced glutathione and nitrite/nitrate) and histopathological studies (haematoxylin and eosin staining) were performed. Pre- and post- treatment with DEMA significantly prevented and attenuated, respectively, the detrimental effects of STZ on mice brain. The results demonstrated that dietary modification, by incorporation of M. alba fruits, reduces the incidence and aids in treatment of memory disorder in mice by reducing central cholinergic activity, decreasing oxidative stress and preventing neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sood
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Singh V, Kaur K, Kaur S, Shri R, Singh TG, Singh M. Trimethoxyflavones from Ocimum basilicum L. leaves improve long term memory in mice by modulating multiple pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115438. [PMID: 35671863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditionally, Ocimum basilicum L. leaves (OB) are recommended for various brain disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY Scientific evidence highlights the cognition improvement capacity of Ocimum basilicum L. leave extract (OBE), however, the compound(s) responsible for this effect and the associated mechanism was not reported. The present study was, thus, designed to isolate and identify the compound responsible for memory improvement effects of OB and to delineate the associated mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS In-vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory (Ellman method) and antioxidant (DPPH scavenging) assays guided fractionation was employed to isolate the bioactive compounds from OBE. The isolated compounds were characterised using spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, NMR and MS). In-silico and in-vivo [mouse model of scopolamine (SCOP) induced amnesia] investigations were used to substantiate the memory improvement effects of isolated compounds and to understand their mechanism of action. RESULTS AChE and DPPH assays guided fractionation of OBE lead to isolation of two pure compounds namely, 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone (S1) and 3-hydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone (S2). Both S1 and S2 mitigated the cognitive impairment due to SCOP in mice by reducing brain AChE activity, TBARS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and caspase-3 concentrations and elevating reduced glutathione and IL-10 levels; together with amelioration of brain hippocampus histopathological aberration (H and E staining). Moreover, the molecular docking of S1 and S2 at the active pockets of AChE and caspase-3 has shown good interactions with vital amino acid residues. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that trimethoxy flavones are responsible for the memory improvement effect of OBE due to their anticholinergic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. These maybe developed as valuable alternatives for management of cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Kiranpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Sanimardeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | | | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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Madaan S, Abdul Jabar SI, Panda BP. Fatty acids of Pleurotus florida mushroom: Potential molecules for blood glucose control. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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