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Chen H, Gu X, Zeng Q, Mao Z, Martyniuk CJ. Characterization of the GABAergic system in Asian clam Corbicula fluminea: Phylogenetic analysis, tissue distribution, and response to the aquatic contaminant carbamazepine. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 239:108896. [PMID: 32949817 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in the neuro-endocrine-immune (NEI) system. In this study, we sequenced the partial length of cDNA fragments of three genes involved in GABA neurotransmitter system of the Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) (GABAA receptor-associated protein (GABARAP), GABARAPL2 and GABA transporter (GAT-1)). These genes exhibited high amino acid sequence identity compared with other invertebrate orthologs. Expression patterns of the three genes were determined in mantle, gill, gonad, digestive gland and muscle, and the steady state levels of mRNA for each were determined to be highest in gonad and lowest in muscle. To determine their regulation by pharmaceuticals that are present as contaminants in waterways, clams were exposed to carbamazepine (CBZ) for 30 days. CBZ is an agonist for GABA receptors and is an anticonvulsant pharmaceutical that is often detected in aquatic ecosystems. GABARAP and GABARAPL2 mRNA levels were significantly downregulated by 5 and 50 μg/L CBZ in mantle and gill (p < 0.05), while in the gonad and digestive gland, steady state levels (p < 0.05) were decreased with exposure to all three doses. GAT-1 mRNA was upregulated by CBZ (p < 0.05) in the mantle and gill at all three doses tested and in the gonad and digestive system with 5 and 50 μg/L. These data suggest that CBZ disrupt the expression of the GABAergic neurotransmitter system in C. fluminea. Moreover, GABARAP, GABARAPL2 and GAT-1 may be useful biomarkers for the screening of substances that are hazardous to the NEI system of mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Qingfei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhigang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Picot S, Faury N, Arzul I, Chollet B, Renault T, Morga B. Identification of the autophagy pathway in a mollusk bivalve, Crassostrea gigas. Autophagy 2020; 16:2017-2035. [PMID: 31965890 PMCID: PMC7595595 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1713643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is a mollusk bivalve commercially important as a food source. Pacific oysters are subjected to stress and diseases during culture. The autophagy pathway is involved in numerous cellular processes, including responses to starvation, cell death, and microorganism elimination. Autophagy also exists in C. gigas, and plays a role in the immune response against infections. Although this process is well-documented and conserved in most animals, it is still poorly understood in mollusks. To date, no study has provided a complete overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy in mollusk bivalves. In this study, human and yeast ATG protein sequences and public databases (Uniprot and NCBI) were used to identify protein members of the C. gigas autophagy pathway. A total of 35 autophagy related proteins were found in the Pacific oyster. RACE-PCR was performed on several genes. Using molecular (real-time PCR) and protein-based (western blot and immunohistochemistry) approaches, the expression and localization of ATG12, ATG9, BECN1, MAP1LC3, MTOR, and SQSTM1, was investigated in different tissues of the Pacific oyster. Comparison with human and yeast counterparts demonstrated a high homology with the human autophagy pathway. The results also demonstrated that the key autophagy genes and their protein products were expressed in all the analyzed tissues of C. gigas. This study allows the characterization of the complete C. gigas autophagy pathway for the first time. Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; Atg1/ULK: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG9: autophagy related 9; ATG12: autophagy related 12; BECN1: beclin 1; BSA: bovine serum albumin; cDNA: complementary deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; IHC: immunohistochemistry; MAP1LC3/LC3/Atg8: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NCBI: national center for biotechnology information; ORF: open reading frame; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RACE-PCR: rapid amplification of cDNA-ends by polymerase chain reaction; RNA: ribonucleic acid; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; Uniprot: universal protein resource; WIPI: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Picot
- SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire De Génétique Et Pathologie Des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer , La Tremblade, France
| | - Nicole Faury
- SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire De Génétique Et Pathologie Des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer , La Tremblade, France
| | - Isabelle Arzul
- SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire De Génétique Et Pathologie Des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer , La Tremblade, France
| | - Bruno Chollet
- SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire De Génétique Et Pathologie Des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer , La Tremblade, France
| | - Tristan Renault
- Département Ressources Biologiques Et Environnement, Ifremer , Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Morga
- SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire De Génétique Et Pathologie Des Mollusques Marins, Ifremer , La Tremblade, France
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Panserat S, Marandel L, Seiliez I, Skiba-Cassy S. New Insights on Intermediary Metabolism for a Better Understanding of Nutrition in Teleosts. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2019; 7:195-220. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of aquaculture production throughout the world over the past few decades has led to the emergence of new scientific challenges to improve fish nutrition. The diet formulations used for farmed fish have been largely modified in the past few years. However, bottlenecks still exist in being able to suppress totally marine resources (fish meal and fish oil) in diets without negatively affecting growth performance and flesh quality. A better understanding of fish metabolism and its regulation by nutrients is thus mandatory. In this review, we discuss four fields of research that are highly important for improving fish nutrition in the future: ( a) fish genome complexity and subsequent consequences for metabolism, ( b) microRNAs (miRNAs) as new actors in regulation of fish metabolism, ( c) the role of autophagy in regulation of fish metabolism, and ( d) the nutritional programming of metabolism linked to the early life of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Panserat
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - L. Marandel
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - I. Seiliez
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - S. Skiba-Cassy
- INRA, University of Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition, Metabolisme, Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Nguyen TV, Alfaro AC, Young T, Ravi S, Merien F. Metabolomics Study of Immune Responses of New Zealand Greenshell™ Mussels (Perna canaliculus) Infected with Pathogenic Vibrio sp. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:396-409. [PMID: 29611031 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio coralliilyticus is a bacterial pathogen which can affect a range of marine organisms, such as corals, fish and shellfish, with sometimes devastating consequences. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the host-pathogen interaction, especially within molluscan models. We applied gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics to characterize the physiological responses in haemolymph of New Zealand Greenshell™ mussels (Perna canaliculus) injected with Vibrio sp. DO1 (V. coralliilyticus/neptunius-like isolate). Univariate data analyses of metabolite profiles in Vibrio-exposed mussels revealed significant changes in 22 metabolites at 6 h post-infection, compared to non-exposed mussels. Among them, 10 metabolites were up-regulated, while 12 metabolites were down-regulated in infected mussels. Multivariate analyses showed a clear distinction between infected and non-infected mussels. In addition, secondary pathway analyses indicated perturbations of the host innate immune system following infection, including oxidative stress, inflammation and disruption of the TCA cycle, change in amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of Vibrio infection of mussels and demonstrate our ability to detect detailed and rapid host responses from haemolymph samples using a metabolomics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao V Nguyen
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sridevi Ravi
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Fabrice Merien
- AUT-Roche Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Wang L, Song X, Song L. The oyster immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:99-118. [PMID: 28587860 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oysters, the common name for a number of different bivalve molluscs, are the worldwide aquaculture species and also play vital roles in the function of ecosystem. As invertebrate, oysters have evolved an integrated, highly complex innate immune system to recognize and eliminate various invaders via an array of orchestrated immune reactions, such as immune recognition, signal transduction, synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, as well as encapsulation and phagocytosis of the circulating haemocytes. The hematopoietic tissue, hematopoiesis, and the circulating haemocytes have been preliminary characterized, and the detailed annotation of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas genome has revealed massive expansion and functional divergence of innate immune genes in this animal. Moreover, immune priming and maternal immune transfer are reported in oysters, suggesting the adaptability of invertebrate immunity. Apoptosis and autophagy are proved to be important immune mechanisms in oysters. This review will summarize the research progresses of immune system and the immunomodulation mechanisms of the primitive catecholaminergic, cholinergic, neuropeptides, GABAergic and nitric oxidase system, which possibly make oysters ideal model for studying the origin and evolution of immune system and the neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network in lower invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, DalianOcean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, DalianOcean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, DalianOcean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Moreau P, Moreau K, Segarra A, Tourbiez D, Travers MA, Rubinsztein DC, Renault T. Autophagy plays an important role in protecting Pacific oysters from OsHV-1 and Vibrio aestuarianus infections. Autophagy 2016; 11:516-26. [PMID: 25714877 PMCID: PMC4502751 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1017188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent mass mortality outbreaks around the world in Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, have seriously affected the aquaculture economy. Although the causes for these mortality outbreaks appear complex, infectious agents are involved. Two pathogens are associated with mass mortality outbreaks, the virus ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) and the bacterium Vibrio aestuarianus. Here we describe the interactions between these 2 pathogens and autophagy, a conserved intracellular pathway playing a key role in innate immunity. We show for the first time that autophagy pathway is present and functional in Pacific oysters and plays an important role to protect animals from infections. This study contributes to better understand the innate immune system of Pacific oysters.
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Key Words
- ATG, autophagy-related
- Atg8–PE, Atg8–phosphatidylethenolamine
- Crassostrea gigas
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- LC3-II, cleaved, lipidated and autophagosome-associated form of LC3
- MAP1LC3A/B (LC3A/B), microtubule-associated proteins 1 light chain 3 alpha/beta (mammalian orthologs of the predicted Crassostrea gigas LC3 and yeast Atg8)
- NH4Cl, ammonium chloride
- OsHV-1
- OsHV-1, Ostreid herpesvirus 1
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Pacific oyster
- Vibrio aestuarianus
- autophagy
- hpi, hours postinfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Moreau
- a Ifremer (Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer); Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins; Ronce Les Bains ; La Tremblade , France
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Song H, Yu ZL, Sun LN, Gao Y, Zhang T, Wang HY. De novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of Rapana venosa from six different developmental stages using Hi-seq 2500. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 17:48-57. [PMID: 26845471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The carnivorous whelk Rapana venosa is regarded as a biological invader with strong ecological fitness in the United States, Argentina, France and other countries. R. venosa may seriously damage bivalve resources. Nonetheless, in China, R. venosa is an important commercial species. Larval development, especially metamorphosis, influences the natural population and industrial breeding. However, there are few studies on the early development of R. venosa, and our understanding is further limited by a lack of genomic information. In this study, de novo sequencing was performed to obtain a comprehensive transcriptome profile during early development. A Hi-seq 2500 sequencing run produced 148,737,902 raw reads that were assembled into 1,137,556 unigenes (average length of 619 nucleotides, of which 49,673 could be annotated). The unigenes were assigned to biological processes and functions after annotation in Gene Ontology, eukaryotic Ortholog Groups and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. We also identified 93,196 simple sequence repeats among the unigenes. Six unique sequences associated with neuroendocrine function were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Our data represent the first comprehensive transcriptomic resource for R. venosa. Functional annotation of the unigenes involved in various biological processes could stimulate research on the mechanisms of early development in this species. Understanding the mechanism of early development and metamorphosis would benefit antifouling research and aquaculture of R. venosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Lin Yu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Sun
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- Tianjin bohai sea fisheries research institute, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China.
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Chen H, Zha J, Liang X, Bu J, Wang M, Wang Z. Sequencing and de novo assembly of the Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) transcriptome using the Illumina GAIIx method. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79516. [PMID: 24244519 PMCID: PMC3820681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) is currently one of the most economically important aquatic species in China and has been used as a test organism in many environmental studies. However, the lack of genomic resources, such as sequenced genome, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and transcriptome sequences has hindered the research on C. fluminea. Recent advances in large-scale RNA-Seq enable generation of genomic resources in a short time, and provide large expression datasets for functional genomic analysis. Methodology/Principal Findings We used a next-generation high-throughput DNA sequencing technique with an Illumina GAIIx method to analyze the transcriptome from the whole bodies of C. fluminea. More than 62,250,336 high-quality reads were generated based on the raw data, and 134,684 unigenes with a mean length of 791 bp were assembled using the Velvet and Oases software. All of the assembly unigenes were annotated by running BLASTx and BLASTn similarity searches on the Nt, Nr, Swiss-Prot, COG and KEGG databases. In addition, the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs), Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) annotations were also assigned to each unigene transcript. To provide a preliminary verification of the assembly and annotation results, and search for potential environmental pollution biomarkers, 15 functional genes (five antioxidase genes, two cytochrome P450 genes, three GABA receptor-related genes and five heat shock protein genes) were cloned and identified. Expressions of the 15 selected genes following fluoxetine exposure confirmed that the genes are indeed linked to environmental stress. Conclusions/Significance The C. fluminea transcriptome advances the underlying molecular understanding of this freshwater clam, provides a basis for further exploration of C. fluminea as an environmental test organism and promotes further studies on other bivalve organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (ZW)
| | - Xuefang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jihong Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (ZW)
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