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Huang Y, Han X, Peng H, Li A, Li R. Expression profile of the fish immune enzyme l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) after Streptococcus agalactiae infection in zebrafish (Danio rerio). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:104040. [PMID: 33561521 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) is a recently discovered novel fish immune enzyme. To explore the role of LAAO in the immune system of bony fishes, we cloned the full-length coding sequence (CDS) of LAAO of the zebrafish Danio rerio (ZF-LAAO), conducted bioinformatics analysis of ZF-LAAO, and analyzed its expression profile in zebrafish infected with the pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae. The CDS of ZF-LAAO was 1,515 base pairs long, and the encoded protein of ZF-LAAO contained an 18 amino acid signal peptide. ZF-LAAO contained the conserved domains of the LAAO family (dinucleotide binding motif and GG-motif), 2 N-glycosylation sites, and 2 O-glycosylation sites, and it was a stable hydrophilic exocrine protein. Similarity of the amino acid sequence of ZF-LAAO with LAAOs of 14 other bony fish species was >50% in all cases. The greatest similarity (79.45%) was with the LAAO of Anabarilius grahami, and these two LAAOs were grouped together in the phylogenetic tree. In wild-type zebrafish infected with S. agalactiae, changes in ZF-LAAO gene (zflaao) expression occurred mainly in the early stage of infection, and the changes in zflaao expression were more pronounced than those of the immune enzyme lysozyme (LYZ). The expression levels of both LYZ gene of zebrafish (zflyz) and zflaao were significantly elevated at 6 h after infection (p < 0.001), but zflyz expression in the spleen decreased at 12 h whereas zflaao expression in the liver and spleen peaked at 12 h. These results provided a reference for functional studies of the novel immune enzyme LAAO in bony fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Huan Peng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Anxing Li
- Key Laboratory for Aquatic Products Safety of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.
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Zheng LB, Hong YQ, Sun KH, Wang J, Hong YJ. Characteristics delineation of piscidin 5 like from Larimichthys crocea with evidence for the potent antiparasitic activity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 113:103778. [PMID: 32710907 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several researches reported that piscidin members of teleosts owned strong antiparasitic activity. Cryptocaryon irritans, a type of ectoparasite, could infect most of the marine teleosts. Larimichthys crocea could severely suffer from marine white spot disease caused by C. irritans, and their mortality rate was significantly high. Concentrating on this problem, we have done many related works. Piscidin 5 like (termed Lc-P5L) was another piscidin member isolated from a comparative transcriptome of C. irritans-immuned L. crocea. In the paper, quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed Lc-P5L was upregulated in examined tissues, including gill, head kidney, muscle, liver, spleen and intestine after challenged by C. irritans, the significant upregulation time was in accordance to key developmental stages of C. irritans, which implied different infection stages could result in host immune response. Furthermore, using microscope techniques, we observed theronts or trophonts became weakly motile, cilia became detached, cells were out of shape, membranes eventually lysed in different cell positions and cytoplasmic contents leaked. Laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM) observed theronts macronucleus grew swell and depolymerized after treated by recombinant Lc-P5L (rLc-P5L). Data suggested rLc-P5L was significantly lethal to C. irritans, and the death state of the parasite incubated with rLc-P5L was remarkably similar to other piscidin members or other antiparasitic peptides (APPs). Thus, these data provided new insights into L. crocea immunity against C. irritans and potential of rLc-P5L as a therapeutic agent against pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bing Zheng
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Research Development CO., LTD, Jieyang, 515500, China.
| | - Yue-Qun Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Research Development CO., LTD, Jieyang, 515500, China
| | - Kai-Hui Sun
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Research Development CO., LTD, Jieyang, 515500, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Research Development CO., LTD, Jieyang, 515500, China.
| | - Yu-Jian Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Research Development CO., LTD, Jieyang, 515500, China.
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Metal coordination by L-amino acid oxidase derived from flounder Platichthys stellatus is structurally essential and regulates antibacterial activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9645-9654. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Han X, Huang Y, Hou Y, Dang H, Li R. Recombinant expression and functional analysis of antimicrobial Siganus oraminl-amino acid oxidase using the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:962-970. [PMID: 31783145 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Siganus oraminl-amino acid oxidase (SR-LAAO), isolated from the serum of Siganus oramin, is an innate immune protein with significant antibacterial activity. The aim of this study was to express SR-LAAO in insect cells using a baculovirus expression system and evaluate the function of the recombinant SR-LAAO. To this end, an optimized sequence of the SR-LAAO gene was designed and synthesized, based on the codon bias of insect cells. Bacmid shuttle vectors and recombinant baculovirus were successfully constructed, and the recombinant baculovirus was transfected into Sf9 insect cells. The antibacterial activity and enzymatic characteristics of the recombinant SR-LAAO were investigated. The results showed that the pFastBac-optiSR-LAAO shuttle vectors and Bacmid-optiSR-LAAO were correctly constructed. The Sf9 insect cells exhibited significant cytopathic effects following infection with Bacmid-optiSR-LAAO and Bacmid; the specific PCR analysis proved that the recombinant baculovirus was successfully constructed. The immunofluorescence assay revealed that the recombinant baculovirus rSR-LAAO was abundantly expressed in infected Sf9 insect cells; the results of SDS/PAGE and Western blot analyses showed that a specific band appeared at about 60 kDa. Moreover, the crude rSR-LAAO enzyme displayed strong antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogens, particularly Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae. In addition, the results of catalase interference test implied that the antibacterial activity of rSR-LAAO was directly associated with (H2O2 production). The results of the rSR-LAAO enzymatic characteristics test indicated that the Km value with l-Lysine as a substrate was 16.61 mM when the temperature was under 37 °C, and the optimum pH was 7. The antibacterial activity of rSR-LAAO could be completely inhibited by 10 mg/mL of pepsin, trypsin, and proteinase K compared with both methanol and acetone. Adding an equal volume of ethanol had a minimal impact on the antibacterial activity of rSR-LAAO. The crude enzyme could maintain a high level of antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria from 4 °C to 30 °C. In the present study, SR-LAAO was successfully expressed in Sf9 cells using the baculovirus expression system, and provides basic references for further research into the role of LAAO in marine animals and the development of new antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Agriculture Department Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuxi Huang
- Agriculture Department Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yulin Hou
- Agriculture Department Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Huifeng Dang
- Agriculture Department Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- Agriculture Department Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Zheng LB, Mao Y, Wang J, Chen RN, Su YQ, Hong YQ, Hong YJ, Hong YC. Excavating differentially expressed antimicrobial peptides from transcriptome of Larimichthys crocea liver in response to Cryptocaryon irritans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:109-114. [PMID: 29408708 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Larimichthys crocea, the special marine economy fish, owns the largest annual yield for a single species in China. One of the most significant factors affecting large yellow croaker culture is the diseases, especially the threat of marine white spot disease which caused by a protozoan Cryptocaryon irritans. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been demonstrated to be active against bacterium, fungi and parasites, showing their potential usefulness in aquaculture as substitutes for antibiotics. Many researches have been carried out about the AMPs concentrating on the activity resist on C. irritans, and piscidin-like of L. crocea owning widely antibacterial spectrum and strong activity against C. irritans was screened in our team. In the paper, taking advantage of the large yellow croaker hepatic comparison transcriptome in response to C. irritans at 3d post infection, seven kinds of AMPs have been excavated from the differently expressed genes, including LEAP2 like, LEAP-2A, hepcidin, hepcidin-like, piscidin-5-like, piscidin-5-like type 4 and bactericidal permeability increasing protein (BPI). Hepcidin, hepcidin-like, piscidin-5-like, piscidin-5-like type4 and BPI were up-regulated to protect large yellow croaker from being damaged by C. irritans infection; while LEAP2 like and LEAP-2A were down-regulated, they might be as a negative-feedback regulation factor or some other regulatory mechanisms to adjust the immune response in the process of C. irritans infection. The differential expression changes were verified with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to illustrate the reliability of the sequenced data. Hearteningly, piscidin-5-like type 4 was a novel type which was high similar to other piscidin-5-like types. Interestingly, the infection may well cause alternative splicing of LEAP-2A mRNA, which was a surprised phenomenon and finding after C. irritans infection, but more further study was needed to be conducted. Therefore, the data showed that these AMPs were involved in the immune response to the C. irritans infection. In all, these results implied that the immune response of AMPs to C. irritans infection was a complex and sophisticated regulatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Reaearch Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Yong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Reaearch Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Ruan-Ni Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yong-Quan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Reaearch Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 522000, China.
| | - Yue-Qun Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Reaearch Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Yu-Jian Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Reaearch Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 522000, China
| | - Yu-Cong Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Ocean Biological Reaearch Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 522000, China
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Jiang B, Wang J, Luo HL, Lu GL, Li YW, Li AX. l-amino acid oxidase expression profile and biochemical responses of rabbitfish (Siganus oramin) after exposure to a high dose of Cryptocaryon irritans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 69:85-89. [PMID: 28818617 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cryptocaryon irritans is an important protozoan parasite which infects almost all kinds of marine teleosts, causing heavy economic losses. In our previous studies, we found that rabbitfish (Siganus oramin) displayed high resistance to C. irritans infection, and a novel protein, l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO), was identified from the serum that was lethal to C. irritans. In this study, the rabbitfish were firstly infected with a high dose of C. irritans, then the LAAO mRNA expression pattern and the activity of three enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase] were measured in various tissues. The results indicated that, after infection, the feeding and swimming of rabbitfish was normal, and the infection intensity in the host was low. Tissue distribution analysis showed that LAAO mRNA was most pronounced in the head kidney and gill, with lower expression observed in the muscle. After infection with C. irritans, the LAAO mRNA was up-regulated early post infection (from 6 to 24 h) in both gill and spleen, but then returned to normal levels, implying that LAAO may play an important role in the host's early immune response. The SOD activity in the liver was significantly higher in the infection group than in the control group by 48 h post infection, while Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase activities in the gill were decreased by 12 and 24 h after infection; no significant difference was detected at the other time points throughout the experiment. Together, these results suggest that biochemical responses of rabbitfish are relatively mild after infection with a high dose of parasite, and the LAAO may play an important role in the host's defense against C. irritans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial key Lab for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial key Lab for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Heng-Li Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial key Lab for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ge-Ling Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial key Lab for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - An-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial key Lab for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Ultrastructural features of the tomont of Cryptocaryon irritans (Ciliophora: Prostomatea), a parasitic ciliate of marine fishes. Parasitology 2017; 144:720-729. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016002651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARYNumerous studies have been conducted on the cellular morphology of Cryptocaryon irritans. However, details regarding the tomont stage of its life cycle remain lacking. In this study, we investigated the morphology of the tomont stage throughout encystment and cell division using light and electron microscopy. Results showed that there was no secretion of encystation-specific secretory vesicles or extrusomes during formation of the cyst wall. Instead, the synthesis and construction of the C. irritans cyst wall materials may involve molecular events at the pellicle. The somatic cilia and the cytostome were present during encystment and covered by the newly formed cyst wall. New somatic cilia were continuously created between old cilia and showed various lengths during cell division, a process that was similar to morphogenesis in many free-living ciliates. During cell division inside the tomont, dividing daughter cells formed temporary cell chains with no oral primordia before separating from each other into dissociative tomite precursors. The process of cell division may not be accompanied by stomatogenesis, and new oral primordia in offspring cells likely formed before the dividing cell chains split into dissociative spherical tomites. Mitochondrial autophagy was observed in encysting C. irritans cells. Numerous endosymbionts and Golgi structures were observed in the tomont cytoplasm. Cellular metabolic activity in the C. irritans tomont was quite high, with large amounts of materials or cellular organelles potentially being synthesized and prepared for the following infective theront stage.
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Tian L, Wang X, Li X, Liu B, Zhang W, Cao J, Ning A, Huang M, Zhong M. In vitro antitumor activity of Latcripin-15 regulator of chromosome condensation 1 domain protein. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3153-3160. [PMID: 27899975 PMCID: PMC5103913 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most significant health problems worldwide and thus the development of novel therapeutic agents with fewer side effects is required. The present study investigated the in vitro anticancer effects of a newly isolated fungal protein. In this study, Latcripin-15 (LP-15) regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) domain protein, which is obtained from the Lentinula edodes C91-3 fungal strain, was identified, cloned, expressed, purified and re-folded to assess the in vitro antitumor activity of the protein. LP-15 RCC1 full-length cDNA was isolated from Lentinula edodes using 3′ and 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends and then cloned, expressed, purified and re-folded in vitro. In addition, the effects of the isolated LP-15 RCC1 protein's functional domain on the viability and apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining. The LP-15 RCC1 functional domain protein was successfully expressed, purified and re-folded in vitro. Treatment with the LP-15 RCC1 functional domain protein significantly reduced tumor cell viability and induced apoptosis in A549 cells. The results of the present study indicate that the LP-15 RCC1 functional domain requires further investigation as a novel therapeutic agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xingyun Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Anhong Ning
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Mintao Zhong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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Ultrastructure observation on the cells at different life history stages of Cryptocaryon irritans (Ciliophora: Prostomatea), a parasitic ciliate of marine fishes. Parasitology 2016; 143:1479-89. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYCells of Cryptocaryon irritans at different life history stages were studied using both light and electron microscopy. The characteristics of several organelles were revealed for the first time at the ultrastructural level. It was confirmed that the cytostome of trophonts, protomonts and theronts was surrounded by cilium–palp triplets rather than ciliary triplets. The nematodesmata underlying the circumoral dikinetids were single bundles, whereas these were always paired in Prorodontids. Toxicysts were present in late-stage tomonts and theronts, but were absent in trophonts and protomonts. We posited that toxicysts might play a role in infection and invasion of host-fish tissue by theronts. The adoral brosse was unlike that of any other family of the class Prostomatea based on its location and morphology. Membranous folds were present in trophonts, protomonts and theronts. These folds were longer and more highly developed in C. irritans than in exclusively free-living prostome ciliates suggesting that they might be linked to parasitism in C. irritans. Trophonts, protomonts and theronts had multiple contractile vacuoles. The basic ultrastructure of the contractile vacuole of C. irritans was similar to that of other kinetofragminophoran ciliates. They might play different roles in different stages of the life cycle since their ultrastructure varied among trophonts, protomonts and theronts.
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Wang P, Wang J, Su YQ, Mao Y, Zhang JS, Wu CW, Ke QZ, Han KH, Zheng WQ, Xu ND. Transcriptome analysis of the Larimichthys crocea liver in response to Cryptocaryon irritans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 48:1-11. [PMID: 26578248 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is an economically important marine fish cultured in China and East Asian countries and is facing a serious threat from Cryptocaryon irritans, which is a protozoan ectoparasite that infects most reared marine fish species. To understand the molecular immune mechanisms underlying the response to C. irritans, we first performed a comparative gene transcription analysis using livers from C. irritans-immunized L. croceas and from a control group through RNA-Seq technology. After the removal of low-quality sequences and assembly, 51360 contigs were obtained, with an average length of 1066.93 bp. Further, a blast analysis indicates that 30747 contigs can be annotated based on homology with matches in the NT, NR, gene, and string databases. A gene ontology analysis was used to classify 21598 genes according to three major functional categories: molecular function, cellular component, and biological process. Moreover, 14470 genes were found in 303 KEGG pathways. We used RSEM and EdgeR to determine that 3841 genes were significantly differentially expressed (FDR < 0.001), including 2129 up-regulated genes and 1712 down-regulated genes. A significant enrichment analysis of these differentially expressed genes and isogenes revealed major immune-related pathways, including the toll-like receptor, complement and coagulation cascades, and chemokine signaling pathways. In addition, 28748 potential simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected from 12776 transcripts, and 62992 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the L. croceas liver transcriptome. This study characterized a gene expression pattern for normal and C. irritans-immunized L. croceas for the first time and not only sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the host-C. irritans interaction but also facilitates future studies on L. croceas gene expression and functional genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yong-Quan Su
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yong Mao
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | | | - Chang-Wen Wu
- Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Qiao-Zhen Ke
- Ningde Fufa Fisheries Co., LTD, Ningde, 352002, China
| | - Kun-Huang Han
- Ningde Fufa Fisheries Co., LTD, Ningde, 352002, China
| | | | - Nen-di Xu
- Ningde Fufa Fisheries Co., LTD, Ningde, 352002, China
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Kasai K, Ishikawa T, Nakamura T, Miura T. Antibacterial properties of L-amino acid oxidase: mechanisms of action and perspectives for therapeutic applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7847-57. [PMID: 26243056 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Venom, the mucus layer covering the body surface, ink glands, mammary glands, milk, and various animal secretory functions as both a physical and chemical defense barrier against bacteria and virus infections. Previously, several studies reported that L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) present in animal secretary fluids have strong antimicrobial activities and selective cytotoxic activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, various pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasite species. These LAAOs catalyze oxidative deamination of an L-amino acid substrate with the generation of hydrogen peroxide. The antibacterial activity of LAAOs is completely inhibited by catalase; thus, LAAOs kill bacteria by the hydrogen peroxide generated from the oxidation of L-amino acid substrates. This review focuses on the selective, specific, and local antibacterial actions of various LAAOs that may be used as novel therapeutic agents against infectious diseases. LAAOs that are suitable leads for combating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kasai
- Department of Pathologic Analysis, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
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Yin F, Sun P, Tang B, Dan X, Li A. Immunological, ionic and biochemical responses in blood serum of the marine fish Trachinotus ovatus to poly-infection by Cryptocaryon irritans. Exp Parasitol 2015; 154:113-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Li R, Li A. Antibacterial efficacy of recombinant Siganus oramin L-amino acid oxidase expressed in Pichia pastoris. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:356-361. [PMID: 25238719 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Siganus oraminl-amino acid oxidase is a novel natural protein (named SR-LAAO) isolated from serum of the rabbitfish (S. oramin), which showed antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and had a lethal effect on the parasites Cryptocaryon irritans, Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. In order to test whether recombinant SR-LAAO (rSR-LAAO) produced by the eukaryotic expression system also has antimicrobial activity, the yeast Pichia pastoris was used as the expression host to obtain rSR-LAAO in vitro. Crude rSR-LAAO produced by P. pastoris integrated with the SR-LAAO gene had antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as shown by inhibition zone assay of the antibacterial spectrum on agar plates. The average diameter of the inhibition zone of crude rSR-LAAO against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae was 1.040 ± 0.045 cm and 1.209 ± 0.085 cm, respectively. For the Gram-negative bacteria Aeromonas sobria, Escherichia coli, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio cholera and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, the average diameter of inhibition zone was 1.291 ± 0.089 cm, 0.943 ± 0.061 cm, 0.756 ± 0.057 cm, 0.834 ± 0.023 cm and 1.211 ± 0.026 cm, respectively. These results were obtained at the logarithmic growth phase of S. agalactiae and A. sobria cell suspensions after incubation with 0.5 mg/mL crude rSR-LAAO for 24 h. The final bacterial growth rate was decreased significantly. The relative inhibition rate can reach 50% compared to crude products from P. pastoris integrated with an empty vector at the same concentration of protein. The antimicrobial activity of crude rSR-LAAO was likely associated with H2O2 formation, because its inhibition zones were disturbed significantly by catalase. Scanning electron microscopy results showed crude rSR-LAAO-treated bacterial surfaces became rough and particles were attached, cell walls were retracted and cell membranes were ruptured. Together, the results of this study indicated rSR-LAAO from the P. pastoris expression system is a potential antibiotic for application as a therapeutic agent against bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510275, PR China
| | - Anxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510275, PR China.
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