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Li Y, Lv J, Sun D, Guo J, Liu P, Gao B. Characterization of a pseudohemocyanin gene (PtPhc1) and its immunity function in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 147:109435. [PMID: 38336144 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Pseudohemocyanin is a member of the hemocyanin superfamily, but little research is available on its function in immunology. In this study, a Portunus trituberculatus pseudohemocyanin gene, named PtPhc1, was obtained by gene cloning. The PtPhc1 cDNA was 2312 bp in length, encoding 684 amino acids while exhibiting a characteristic hemocyanin structural domain. Tissue expression analysis revealed ubiquitous expression of PtPhc1 across all tissues, with the highest level of expression observed in the hepatopancreas. The expression pattern of PtPhc1 in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection was clarified using RT-qPCR in swimming crabs. Notably, the expression peaked at 24 h, and increased 1435-fold compared to the control group in the hepatopancreas. While the expression level reached the maximum value at 72 h, which was 3.24 times higher than that of the control group in hemocytes. Remarkably, the reduction in PtPhc1 expression led to a noteworthy 30% increase in the mortality rate of P. trituberculatus when exposed to V. parahaemolyticus. In addition, in vitro bacterial inhibition assays exhibited a dose-dependent suppression of bacterial proliferation by recombinant PtPhc1 protein, with a notable inhibition rate of 48.33% against V. parahaemolyticus at a concentration of 0.03 mg/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the results establish the function of pseudohaemocyanin in immunity for the first time, contributing to a deeper comprehension of innate immune regulatory mechanisms in aquatic organisms and advancing strategies for disease-resistant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jianjian Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dongfang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Junyang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ping Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Baoquan Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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2
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Li J, Zhao M, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Yao D, Yang S, Chen T, Zhang Y, Aweya JJ. The evolutionary adaptation of shrimp hemocyanin subtypes and the consequences on their structure and functions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109347. [PMID: 38160900 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is the main respiratory protein of arthropods and is formed by hexameric and/or oligomeric subunits. Due to changes in the living environment and gene rearrangement, various hemocyanin subtypes and subunits evolved in crustaceans. This paper reviews the various hemocyanin subtypes and isoforms in shrimp and analyses published genomic data of sixteen hemocyanin family genes from Litopenaeus vannamei to explore the evolution of hemocyanin genes, subunits, and protein structure. Analysis of hemocyanin subtypes distribution and structure in various tissues was also performed and related to multiple and tissue-specific functions, i.e., immunological activity, immune signaling, phenoloxidase activity, modulation of microbiota homeostasis, and energy metabolism. The functional diversity of shrimp hemocyanin due to molecular polymorphism, transcriptional regulation, alternative splicing, degradation into functional peptides, interaction with other proteins or genes, and structural differences will also be highlighted for future research. Inferences would be drawn from other crustaceans to explain how evolution has changed the structure-function of hemocyanin and its implication for evolutionary research into the multifunctionality of hemocyanin and other related proteins in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shen Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Yang P, Zhao X, Aweya JJ, Zhang Y. The Yin Yang 1 of Penaeus vannamei regulates transcription of the small subunit hemocyanin gene during Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:105087. [PMID: 37898353 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is a respiratory protein, it is also a multifunctional immune molecule that plays a vital role against pathogen invasion in shrimp. However, the regulation of hemocyanin gene expression in shrimp hemocytes and the mechanisms involved during pathogen infection remains unclear. Here, we used DNA pull-down followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the Yin Yang 1 transcription factor homolog in Penaeus vannamei (PvYY1) as a key factor that modulates transcription of the small subunit hemocyanin gene of P. vannamei (PvHMCs) in hemocytes during Vibrio parahaemolyticus AHPND (VPAHPND) infection. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the core promoter region of PvHMCs contains two YY1 motifs. Mutational and oligoprecipitation analyses confirmed that PvYY1 could bind to the YY1 motifs in the PvHMCs core promoter region, while truncation of PvYY1 revealed that the N-terminal domain of PvYY1 is essential for the transactivation of PvHMCs core promoter. Besides, the REPO domain of PvYY1 could repress the activity of the PvHMCs core promoter. Overexpression of PvYY1 significantly activates the promoter activity of PvHMCs core promoter, while PvYY1 knockdown significantly decreases the expression level of PvHMCs in shrimp hemocytes and survival rate of shrimp upon infection with VPAHPND. Our present study provides new insights into the transcriptional regulation of PvHMCs by PvYY1 in shrimp hemocytes during bacteria (VPAHPND) infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikui Yang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Substances in Medicinal Edible Resources and Healthcare Products, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Zhang Z, Li XM, Wang H, Lin H, Xiao H, Li Z. Seafood allergy: Allergen, epitope mapping and immunotherapy strategy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:1314-1338. [PMID: 36825451 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2181755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Seafoods are fashionable delicacies with high nutritional values and culinary properties, while seafood belongs to worldwide common food allergens. In recent years, many seafood allergens have been identified, while the diversity of various seafood species give a great challenge in identifying and characterizing seafood allergens, mapping IgE-binding epitopes and allergen immunotherapy development, which are critical for allergy diagnostics and immunotherapy treatments. This paper reviewed the recent progress on seafood (fish, crustacean, and mollusk) allergens, IgE-binding epitopes and allergen immunotherapy for seafood allergy. In recent years, many newly identified seafood allergens were reported, this work concluded the current situation of seafood allergen identification and designation by the World Health Organization (WHO)/International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee. Moreover, this review represented the recent advances in identifying the IgE-binding epitopes of seafood allergens, which were helpful to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment for seafood allergy. Furthermore, the allergen immunotherapy could alleviate seafood allergy and provide promising approaches for seafood allergy treatment. This review represents the recent advances and future outlook on seafood allergen identification, IgE-binding epitope mapping and allergen immunotherapy strategies for seafood allergy prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Zhang
- Laboratory of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Laboratory of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhenxing Li
- Laboratory of Food Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Huang MY, Lo CY, Lai CY, Yu JD, Lee PT. Dietary supplementation of synbiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroide B4 and dextran improves immune regulation and disease resistance of Penaeus vannamei against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108498. [PMID: 36539168 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
White shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) is an important culture species in Taiwan but often encounters disease infection by Vibrio parahaemolyticus that cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). This study investigates the effects of dietary supplementation of Leuconostoc mesenteroide B4 and its fermentate (dextran) on the immune response, intestinal morphology, disease resistance, and immune-related gene expression in white shrimp. In comparison to the control group, the shrimp fed with a diet containing B4+dextran (107 CFU B4/g feed and 0.05% dextran) for 14, 28, 42 and 56 days had a significantly higher feed efficiency, weight gain and specific growth rate. A significantly higher villus height in the intestine and higher survival rate after challenging with V. parahaemolyticus was recorded for the B4+dextran group. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the group that had ingested B4+dextran had a higher total hemocyte count and a higher proportion of semi-granulocytes, but a lower percentage of granulocytes compared to the control group. The shotgun metagenomic results in the midgut revealed that Leuco. mesenteroides was barely found in the midgut of the shrimp, suggesting that this microbe and its transient presence in the midgut is not the direct mechanism underlying the improved shrimp growth in the treated sample. Instead, dextran, a key ingredient in the B4 fermentate, on the dynamic of the microbial populations in shrimp, possibly promoting the diversity of gut microbes, especially the beneficial microbes, and thereby rendering protection against AHPND. In terms of comparing the gene expression between the control and synbiotic groups, pre- and post-bacterial challenge, a higher expression level of immune genes was mostly found in the B4+dextran group after challenging it with V. parahaemolyticus (group B4+dextran-VP) in the hepatopancreas and hemocyte. In contrast, the transcript level of immune-related genes was found to be higher in the B4+dextran group than other combinations in the midgut. Taken together, this study found that dietary addition of synbiotic Leuco. mesenteroides B4 and dextran can improve the growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbiome, regulation of immune genes and disease resistance against V. parahaemolyticus infection in white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ying Huang
- Aquaculture Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
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Srisuk C, Choolert C, Bendena WG, Longyant S, Sithigorngul P, Chaivisuthangkura P. Molecular isolation and expression analysis of hemocyanin isoform 2 of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2022; 34:208-220. [PMID: 36205717 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hemocyanin is a copper-bearing protein in the hemolymph of many arthropods and mollusks and functions as an oxygen transport and important nonspecific immune protein. METHODS In this study, complementary DNA of hemocyanin isoform 2 of the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (MrHc2) was isolated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends and mRNA expression was characterized to elucidate molecular basis of its function. RESULT With a molecular mass of 77.3 kDa, MrHc2 contained three domains: hemocyanin-all-alpha, hemocyanin-copper-containing, and hemocyanin-immunoglobulin-like domains. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that MrHc2 belongs to the γ-type subunit and is closely related to hemocyanin subunit 1 of the palaemonid shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense. In addition, MrHc2 resided in a different clade relative to hemocyanin (MrHc) of M. rosenbergii (α-type subunit) and in a different subclade relative to the hemocyanin proteins of penaeid shrimp. The messenger RNA transcript of MrHc2 was highly expressed in the hepatopancreas and weakly expressed in the gills, intestine, stomach, muscle, and hemocytes. Upon challenge with M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV), the expression of MrHc2 was 1.96-, 2.93-, and 1.96-fold on days 3, 4, and 5, respectively, and then gradually declined to basal levels on day 7. CONCLUSION This study suggests that MrHc2 plays an important role in the innate immune response of M. rosenbergii to MrNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Srisuk
- Innovative Learning Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanitcha Choolert
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - William G Bendena
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siwaporn Longyant
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasite Biotechnology, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paisarn Sithigorngul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasite Biotechnology, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parin Chaivisuthangkura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Animal, Plant and Parasite Biotechnology, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Marine Arthropods as a Source of Antimicrobial Peptides. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080501. [PMID: 36005504 PMCID: PMC9409781 DOI: 10.3390/md20080501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide therapeutics play a key role in the development of new medical treatments. The traditional focus on endogenous peptides has shifted from first discovering other natural sources of these molecules, to later synthesizing those with unique bioactivities. This review provides concise information concerning antimicrobial peptides derived from marine crustaceans for the development of new therapeutics. Marine arthropods do not have an adaptive immune system, and therefore, they depend on the innate immune system to eliminate pathogens. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with unique characteristics are a pivotal part of the defense systems of these organisms. This review covers topics such as the diversity and distribution of peptides in marine arthropods (crustacea and chelicerata), with a focus on penaeid shrimps. The following aspects are covered: the defense system; classes of AMPs; molecular characteristics of AMPs; AMP synthesis; the role of penaeidins, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors, crustins, and stylicins against microorganisms; and the use of AMPs as therapeutic drugs. This review seeks to provide a useful compilation of the most recent information regarding AMPs from marine crustaceans, and describes the future potential applications of these molecules.
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Kanie S, Komatsu M, Mitani Y. Molecular insights into luminescence system of the pelagic shrimp Lucensosergia lucens. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:368-373. [PMID: 35025982 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lucensosergia lucens is a luminous marine shrimp that has been suggested to use a coelenterazine-dependent luminescence system. However, the genetic information related to the luminescence system is lacking. Our RNA-Seq analysis of this shrimp did not show the existence of known or homologous coelenterazine-dependent luciferase genes. Subsequent biochemical analyses suggested that the shrimp possessed unknown proteinaceous components for coelenterazine luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusei Kanie
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mami Komatsu
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mitani
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Japan
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Zhao X, Qiao J, Zhang P, Zhang Z, Aweya JJ, Chen X, Zhao Y, Zhang Y. Protein Diversity and Immune Specificity of Hemocyanin From Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772091. [PMID: 34950141 PMCID: PMC8688539 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemocyanin is an important non-specific innate immune defense molecule with phenoloxidase, antiviral, antibacterial, hemolytic, and antitumor activities. To better understand the mechanism of functional diversity, proteomics approach was applied to characterize hemocyanin (HMC) expression profiles from Litopenaeus vannamei. At first, hemocyanin was purified by Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-cellulose (DE-52) columns from shrimp serum, and 34 protein spots were identified as HMC on the 2-DE gels. Furthermore, we found that 9 HMC spots about 75 or 77 kDa were regulated by Streptococcus agalactiae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection at 6, 12, and 24 h. In addition, 6 different pathogen-binding HMC fractions, viz., HMC-Mix, HMC-Vp, HMC-Va, HMC-Vf, HMC-Ec, and HMC-Sa, showed different agglutinative and antibacterial activities. Moreover, lectin-blotting analysis showed significant differences in glycosylation level among HMC isomers and bacteria-binding HMC fractions. Particularly, the agglutinative activities of the HMC fractions were almost completely abolished when HMC was deglycosylated by O-glycosidase, which suggest that O-linked sugar chains of HMC played important roles in the innate immune recognition. Our findings demonstrated for the first time that L. vannamei HMC had molecular diversity in protein level, which is closely associated with its ability to recognize diverse pathogens, whereas glycan modification probably contributed to HMC’s diversity and multiple immune activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Zhao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Zehui Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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Gao X, Jiang Z, Zhang S, Chen Q, Tong S, Liu X, Jiang Q, Yang H, Wei W, Zhang X. Transcriptome analysis and immune-related genes expression reveals the immune responses of Macrobrachium rosenbergii infected by Enterobacter cloacae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:66-77. [PMID: 32213315 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrobrachium rosenbergii is an important cultural species in China and other Southeast Asian countries. However, Enterobacter cloacae infection has caused a great economic loss in M. rosenbergii culture industry. The immune responses of M. rosenbergii to the E. cloacae infection is not fully characterized. To investigate the immune response of M. rosenbergii against E. cloacae, we performed transcriptome analysis of the M. rosenbergii hepatopancreas with and without E. cloacae infection using RNA-seq. After assembly and annotation, 29,731 high quality unigenes were obtained from RNA-seq data. Differential expression analysis revealed the existence of 2498 significantly differently expressed genes (DEGs) at 12 h post infection, with 1365 up-regulated and 1133 down-regulated genes. Among these DEGs, some well-known immune-related genes were up-regulated significantly, including C-type lectin 1, lectin 3, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor 2, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and heat shock protein 70. GO analysis demonstrated 24 biological process subcategories, 14 cellular component subcategories, and 12 molecular function subcategories that were enriched among these DEGs, and some DEGs were clustered into immune related subcategories such as immune system process, response to stimulus, biological adhesion, and antioxidant activity. These DEGs were enriched into 216 KEGG pathways including a core set of immune correlated pathways notably in phagosome and lysosome. In addition, 5 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated immune-related DEGs were selected for further validation by quantitative real-time PCR and the results showed consistence with the RNA-seq data. Additionally, the expression level of six selected immune-related genes (ALF2, CLEC1, LEC3, hemocyanin1, HSP70 and SOD) based on the transcriptomic data were monitored at different point of time in hepatopancreas, gill, hemolymph and intestine. Results revealed these immune-related genes were significantly up-regulated in different tissues from 6 to 24 h after E. cloacae infection. Overall, these results provided valuable information for further studying the immune response of M. rosenbergii against E. cloacae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ziyan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shuangming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qiyun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shuaiqi Tong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wanhong Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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11
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Yang P, Aweya JJ, Yao D, Wang F, Lun J, Hong Y, Sun K, Zhang Y. The krüppel-like factor of Penaeus vannamei negatively regulates transcription of the small subunit hemocyanin gene as part of shrimp immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:397-406. [PMID: 32201349 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is a multifunctional respiratory glycoprotein, which has also been implicated in other biological functions in shrimp. Moreover, recent studies have revealed that hemocyanin is also involved in a broad range of immune-related activities in shrimp. However, in spite of the considerable interest in unraveling the reasons behind the multiple immune-related functions of hemocyanin, little is known about its transcriptional regulation. Here, DNA pull-down and Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses were used to isolate and identify the putative transcription factor(s) that are involved in the transcriptional regulation of the small subunit hemocyanin gene of Penaeus vannamei (PvHMCs). Krüppel-like factor (designated PvKruppel), a zinc finger transcription factor homolog in P. vannamei, was identified among the putative transcription factors, while bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of Krüppel-like factor binding site (KLF motif) on the core promoter region of PvHMCs. Mutational analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) confirmed that PvKruppel could bind to the KLF motif on the core promoter region of PvHMCs. Moreover, in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge, transcript levels of PvKruppel and PvHMCs were negatively correlated. Furthermore, overexpression of PvKruppel significantly reduced the promoter activity of PvHMCs, while PvKruppel knockdown by RNA interference or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation resulted in a significant increase in the transcript level of PvHMCs. Taken together, our present study provides mechanistic insights into the transcriptional regulation of PvHMCs by PvKruppel during shrimp immune response to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikui Yang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jingsheng Lun
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yujian Hong
- Guangdong Yuequn Marine Biological Research and Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 515200, China
| | - Kaihui Sun
- Guangdong Yuequn Marine Biological Research and Development Co., Ltd., Jieyang, 515200, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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12
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Pan L, Zhang X, Yang L, Pan S. Effects of Vibro harveyi and Staphyloccocus aureus infection on hemocyanin synthesis and innate immune responses in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:659-668. [PMID: 31419533 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanin, a multifunctional oxygen-carrying protein, has critical effects on immune defense in crustaceans. To explore the role of hemocyanin in anti-pathogen mechanism, effects of Vibrio harveyi (V. harvey) and Staphyloccocus aureus (S. aureus) on hemocyanin synthesis and innate immune responses were investigated in Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) during infection in vivo. Results showed that 105 and 106 cells mL-1V. harveyi and 106 cells mL-1S. aureus significantly affected plasma hemocyanin concentration, hepatopancreas hemocyanin mRNA and subunits expressions, plasma phenol oxidase (PO), hemocyanin-derived PO (Hd-PO), antibacterial, and bacteriolytic activities during the experiment under bacterial stress, while these parameters did not change remarkably in control group. The concentration of hemocyanin in plasma fluctuated, with a minimum at 12 h and a maximum at 24 h. Moreover, the expression of hemocyanin mRNA peaked at 12 h, while the level of hemocyanin p75 and p77 subunits reached maximum at 24 h. Besides, plasma PO and Hd-PO activities peaked at 24 h, and antimicrobial and bacteriolytic activities peaked at 12 h and 24 h, respectively. In addition, 105 cells mL-1S. aureus had no significant effect on the synthesis of hemocyanin and prophenoloxidase activating (pro-PO) system, but significantly increased antimicrobial activity at 12 h and bacteriolytic activity at 24 h. Therefore, these results suggest that the hemocyanin synthesis was initiated after invasion of pathogen, and the newly synthesized hemocyanin, acted as an immune molecule, can exerts PO activity to regulate the immune defense in L. vannamei in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Liubing Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Shanshan Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
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13
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Fan J, Li X, Lu H, Lin R, Aweya JJ, Zhang Y. N-terminal diversity of Litopenaeus vannamei hemocyanin and immunity. Mol Immunol 2019; 112:360-368. [PMID: 31261021 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is primarily a respiratory copper-containing glycoprotein present in the hemolymph of mollusks and arthropods. Recently, hemocyanin has attracted huge research interest due to its multifunctionality and polymorphism. Most previous immune-related studies on shrimp hemocyanin have focused on the C-terminal. Moreover, we previously reported that the C-terminal domain of Litopenaeus vannamei hemocyanin possesses single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but little is known about the molecular diversity of the N-terminal domain. In the current study, diversity within the N-terminal domain of L. vannamei hemocyanin (LvHMC-N) was explored using bioinformatics and molecular biology techniques as well as immune challenge. Twenty-five LvHMC-N variants were identified using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and DNA sequencing, with multiple sequence alignment showing that the 25 variants shared 87%-99 % sequence homology with LvHMC (AJ250830.1). In different shrimp individuals and different shrimp tissues (i.e., hemocytes, stomach, muscle and hepatopancreas), the LvHMC-N variants were expressed differently. Pathogen challenge could modulate the molecular diversity of LvHMC-N, as three LvHMC-Nr variants (LvHMC-Nr1, LvHMC-Nr2 and LvHMC-Nr3) were identified by sequencing following Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge. Most importantly, recombinant proteins of these three variants (rLvHMC-Nr1, rLvHMC-Nr2 and rLvHMC- Nr3) had relatively high in vitro agglutinative activities against V. parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Streptoccocus iniae. Our present data indicates that the N-terminus of L. vannamei hemocyanin also possess molecular diversity, which seems to be associated with immune resistance to pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaohong Fan
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xianmei Li
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ruihong Lin
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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14
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Zhang Z, Li R, Aweya JJ, Wang F, Zhong M, Zhang Y. Identification and characterization of glycosylation sites on Litopenaeus vannamei hemocyanin. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:820-830. [PMID: 30901486 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory glycoprotein hemocyanin has been implicated in immune-related functions. Using lectin blotting, we show that the binding of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) hemocyanin to concanavalin A decreases markedly with O-glycosidase treatment but not with PNGase F. Twelve O-glycosylation sites, three on the large hemocyanin subunit and nine on the small hemocyanin subunit (HMCs), were identified by LC-MS/MS. Importantly, when the glycosylation sites at Thr-537, Ser-539, and Thr-542 on the C terminus of HMCs were replaced with alanine, the resultant mutant hemocyanin had reduced carbohydrate content, coupled with a fourfold reduction in bacterial agglutination and 0.2-fold reduction in antibacterial activities toward Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus. These results suggest that the glycosylation sites on shrimp hemocyanin are closely related to its immunological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, China
| | - Ruiwei Li
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, China
| | - Mingqi Zhong
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, China
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15
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Zhan S, Aweya JJ, Wang F, Yao D, Zhong M, Chen J, Li S, Zhang Y. Litopenaeus vannamei attenuates white spot syndrome virus replication by specific antiviral peptides generated from hemocyanin. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:50-61. [PMID: 30339874 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that hemocyanin plays immune-related functions apart from its canonical respiratory function. While shrimp hemocyanin is found to generate antimicrobial peptides, antiviral related peptides have not been reported. In the present study, the serum of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infected Litopenaeus vannamei analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, revealed 45 consistently down-regulated protein spots and 10 up-regulated protein spots. Five of the significantly up-regulated spots were identified as hemocyanin derived peptides. One of the five peptides, designated LvHcL48, was further characterized by analyzing its primary sequence via Edman N-terminal sequencing, C-terminal sequencing and amino acid sequence alignment. LvHcL48 was found to be a 79 amino acid fragment (aa584-662) from the C-terminal domain of L. vannamei hemocyanin protein (ADZ15149). Both in vivo and in vitro functional studies revealed that LvHcL48 has immunological activities, as recombinant LvHcL48 protein (rLvHcL48) significantly inhibited the transcription of the WSSV genes wsv069 and wsv421 coupled with a significant reduction in WSSV copy numbers. Further analysis showed that LvHcL48 could interact with the WSSV envelope protein 28 (VP28). Our present data therefore reveals the generation of an antiviral hemocyanin derived peptide LvHcL48 from WSSV infected shrimp, which binds to the envelope protein VP28 of WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Zhan
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mingqi Zhong
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jiehui Chen
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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16
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Yang P, Yao D, Aweya JJ, Wang F, Ning P, Li S, Ma H, Zhang Y. c-Jun regulates the promoter of small subunit hemocyanin gene of Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:639-647. [PMID: 30366093 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanin (HMC) is a respiratory glycoprotein, which also plays multifunctional non-specific innate immune defense functions in shrimp. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the hemocyanin gene expression have not been reported. In the present study, we cloned a 4324 bp fragment of small subunit hemocyanin (HMCs) gene of Litopenaeus vannamei including the 5'-flanking region, from upstream 2475 bp to downstream 1849 bp (exon 1-intron 1-exon 2) by genome walking method. Four deletion constructs were then generated and their promoter activity assessed using the luciferase reporter system. Interestingly, we identified an alternative promoter (+1516/+1849 bp) located in exon 2, which has stronger promoter activity than the full-length or the other constructs. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the alternative promoter region contains two conserved binding sites of the transcription factor c-Jun. Mutational analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that Litopenaeus vannamei c-Jun (Lvc-Jun) binds to the region +1582/+1589 bp and +1831/+1837 bp of the alternative promoter. Furthermore, overexpression of Lvc-Jun significantly increased the alternative promoter activity, while co-transfection with dsRNA-Lvc-Jun significantly reduced the alternative promoter activity of HMCs. Taken together, our present data indicate that the transcription factor Lvc-Jun is essential for the transcriptional regulation of the HMCs gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikui Yang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Pei Ning
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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17
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Boonchuen P, Jaree P, Tassanakajon A, Somboonwiwat K. Hemocyanin of Litopenaeus vannamei agglutinates Vibrio parahaemolyticus AHPND (VP AHPND) and neutralizes its toxin. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 84:371-381. [PMID: 29551678 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease, AHPND, caused by a specific strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND), results in great loss of global shrimp production. Despite this, studies on shrimp defense mechanisms protecting against AHPND are few. In this study, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed to identify differentially expressed genes from white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei hepatopancreas upon VPAHPND infection at the early stages: 3 and 6 h post challenge and in the late stage at 48 h post challenge. Hemocyanin (HMC) is the most abundant gene identified as the up-regulated gene in the SSH library. Various hemocyanin subunits such as hemocyanin (HMC), hemocyanin subunit L1 (HMCL1), L2 (HMCL2), L3 (HMCL3), and L4 (HMCL4) were analyzed for their expression levels upon VPAHPND infection and in response to challenge with partially purified toxin of VPAHPND by qRT-PCR. Only HMC was highly up-regulated at 3 and 6 h post challenge in response to VPAHPND challenge. Two HMC subunits, HMCL3 and HMCL4, were up-regulated in the early phase of VPAHPND toxin injection. Furthermore, all subunits were down-regulated in the late phase of VPAHPND and toxin challenges. The native hemocyanin protein purified from shrimp hemolymph, identified as mixture of HMC and HMCL1, exhibited agglutination activity on VPAHPND. Injecting the purified native hemocyanin along with VPAHPND into shrimp decreased the number of bacteria in the hemolymph as compared to the VPAHPND challenged control. Moreover, pre-incubation of the purified native hemocyanin and VPAHPND toxin prior to injection into shrimp resulted in the decrease of cumulative mortality of shrimp when compared to the control. In addition, protein-protein interaction analysis carried out by ELISA technique indicated that hemocyanin exhibited VPAHPND toxin-neutralizing activity through direct interaction with PirA subunit with a dissociation constant of 6.83 × 10-6 M. Our results indicated that upon VPAHPND infection the expression of hemocyanin was induced and hemocyanin functions might involve agglutination of invading VPAHPND and also neutralization of VPAHPND secreted toxin via direct interacting with the PirA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakpoom Boonchuen
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Phattarunda Jaree
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Omics Science and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kunlaya Somboonwiwat
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Omics Science and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Rd., Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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18
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Khan MU, Ahmed I, Lin H, Li Z, Costa J, Mafra I, Chen Y, Wu YN. Potential efficacy of processing technologies for mitigating crustacean allergenicity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2807-2830. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1471658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mati Ullah Khan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
| | - Yan Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chaoyang, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Ning Wu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chaoyang, Beijing, P.R. China
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19
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Prediction and characterization of a novel hemocyanin-derived antimicrobial peptide from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Amino Acids 2018; 50:995-1005. [PMID: 29728914 PMCID: PMC6060862 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemocyanin, the multifunctional glycoprotein in the hemolymph of invertebrates, can generate various antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Given the rising interest in the use of natural therapeutic agents such as AMPs, alternative and more efficient methods for their generation are being explored. In this work, free online software was first applied to predict the generation of antimicrobial peptides from the large subunit of Litopenaeus vannamei hemocyanin. Twenty potential antimicrobial peptides ranging from 1.5 to 1.9 kDa were predicted, five of which had α-helical structures and were selected for antibacterial activity testing. The results indicated that these five peptides had antibacterial activity against seven different bacteria. Of the five peptides, one peptide, designated L1, had the strongest antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, CD and NMR data showed that L1 had both α-helical and β-turns structural composition, and that these structures were essential for L1’s antibacterial activity. Furthermore, SEM analysis revealed that peptide L1 had broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as it could destroy the bacterial cell walls and kill the bacteria. Thus, L1 is a very potent antimicrobial peptide that can be exploited and used in antibacterial therapeutics.
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20
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Liu J, Chen C, Ling C, Hu H, Cao J, Gao Y. The effects of hemocyanin on T cells cultured in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:2655-2660. [PMID: 29434988 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a broad-spectrum antibiotic, gentamicin is used extensively in T cell culturing in vitro, but preliminary studies have identified that T cell activity is significantly affected by gentamicin. In the present study, the hemocyanin from Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) was selected as an additive for T cell cultures in vitro. Compared with those in the control group, the cell quantity exhibited no significant difference, and the formation rate of cell colony increased gradually with increases in the hemocyanin concentration. Additionally, flow cytometry assays identified that cluster of differentiation (CD)3+CD4+ and CD4+CD25+ T cells in the 0.2 µg/ml hemocyanin (Hem 3) group were all significantly increased. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis demonstrated that T cells in the G0/G1 phase were significantly decreased in the Hem 3 group compared with in the control, 0.05 µg/ml (Hem 1) and 0.1 µg/ml (Hem 2) groups, and cells in the S phase were significantly elevated in the Hem 3 group compared with in the control and Hem 1 groups. In addition, MTT analysis indicated that the cytotoxicity of T cells towards HepG2 cells was significantly increased in the Hem 3 group compared with in the control, Hem 1 and Hem 2 groups. Taken together, the present study identified that hemocyanin may improve the proliferation and cytotoxicity of T cells, and the results supported the use of hemocyanin in T cell adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Liu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Chen Ling
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Haoyun Hu
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jingsong Cao
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Gao
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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21
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Li C, Wang F, Aweya JJ, Yao D, Zheng Z, Huang H, Li S, Zhang Y. Trypsin of Litopenaeus vannamei is required for the generation of hemocyanin-derived peptides. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:95-104. [PMID: 29079148 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanin is a copper containing respiratory glycoprotein in arthropods and mollusks, which also have multiple functions in vivo. Recent studies have shown that hemocyanin could generate several peptides, which play important roles in shrimp innate immunity. However, how these hemocyanin-derived peptides are generated is still largely unknown. In this study, we report for the first time that the generation of hemocyanin-derived peptides was closely correlated with trypsin expression in shrimp hepatopancreas following infection with different bacteria. RNA interference (RNAi) mediated knockdown of trypsin or treatment with the serine protease inhibitor, aprotinin, resulted in significant decrease in the levels of hemocyanin-derived peptides. Moreover, recombinant trypsin (rTrypsin) was able to hydrolyse hemocynin in vitro with the hydrolysate having a high bacterial agglutination activity while the denatured hemocynin untreated with rTrypsin lost its agglutination activity. Taken together, our current results showed that the generation of hemocyanin-derived peptides correlates with an increase trypsin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Li
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhou Zheng
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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22
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Faber MA, Pascal M, El Kharbouchi O, Sabato V, Hagendorens MM, Decuyper II, Bridts CH, Ebo DG. Shellfish allergens: tropomyosin and beyond. Allergy 2017; 72:842-848. [PMID: 28027402 DOI: 10.1111/all.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IgE-mediated shellfish allergy constitutes an important cause of food-related adverse reactions. Shellfish are classified into mollusks and crustaceans, the latter belonging to the class of arthropoda. Among crustaceans, shrimps are the most predominant cause of allergic reactions and thus more extensively studied. Several major and minor allergens have been identified and cloned. Among them, invertebrate tropomyosin, arginine kinase, myosin light chain, sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein, and hemocyanin are the most relevant. This review summarizes our current knowledge about these allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Faber
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - M. Pascal
- Immunology Department; Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB); Hospital Clínic; Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Barcelona Spain
| | - O. El Kharbouchi
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - V. Sabato
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - M. M. Hagendorens
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijk Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - I. I. Decuyper
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijk Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - C. H. Bridts
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - D. G. Ebo
- Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science; University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijk Belgium
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23
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Wang Z, Zhu F. MicroRNA-100 is involved in shrimp immune response to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Vibrio alginolyticus infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42334. [PMID: 28181552 PMCID: PMC5299417 DOI: 10.1038/srep42334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we discovered that shrimp miR-100 was up-regulated at 24 h after WSSV or Vibrio alginolyticus infection, confirming its participation in the innate immune system of shrimp. The anti-miRNA oligonucleotide (AMO-miR-100) was applied to inhibit the expression of miR-100. After AMO-miR-100 treatment, the shrimp was challenged with WSSV or V. alginolyticus. The knockdown of miR-100 expression decreased the mortality of WSSV-infected shrimp from 24 h to 72 h post-infection and enhanced the mortality of V. alginolyticus-infected shrimp significantly. The knockdown of miR-100 affected phenoloxidase (PO) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total hemocyte count (THC) after the infection with WSSV or V. alginolyticus, indicating a regulative role of miR-100 in the immune potential of shrimp in the response to WSSV or V. alginolyticus infection. The knockdown of miR-100 induced the apoptosis of shrimp hemocytes, and V. alginolyticus + AMO-miR-100 treatment caused more hemocyte apoptosis than V. alginolyticus treatment. The miR-100 influenced also the morphology of shrimp hemocytes and regulated the phagocytosis of WSSV or V. alginolyticus. Thus, we concluded that miR-100 may promote the anti-Vibrio immune response of shrimp through regulating apoptosis, phagocytosis and PO activity and affects the progression of WSSV infection at a certain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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24
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Zhao X, Guo L, Lu X, Lu H, Wang F, Zhong M, Chen J, Zhang Y. Evidences of abundant hemocyanin variants in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Mol Immunol 2016; 77:103-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Wen Y, Zhan S, Huang H, Zhong M, Chen J, You C, Wang F, Zhang Y. Identification and characterization of an 18.4kDa antimicrobial truncation from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei hemocyanin upon Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:450-458. [PMID: 27506277 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanin (HMC) is a multifunctional protein which plays many essential roles in invertebrate organism. Recently more and more immune-related functions have been discovered on this protein. Here the shrimp was infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and the shrimp sera were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Totally 15 spots were identified as significantly up-regulated spots and further analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry (MS). Four of them were identified as HMC derived truncations (HMCS1, HMCS3, HMCS4 and HMCS5). The HMCS4 primary sequence was further determined via Edman N terminal sequencing, MALDI-TOF MS and amino acid sequence alignment. The result indicated that the HMCS4 was a 165aa fragment from shrimp HMC small subunit C-terminal. The HMCS4 immunological activities were further analyzed by agglutination experiment and antibacterial assay in vitro. The results showed that the recombinant HMCS4 (rHMCS4) had strong agglutination and antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria at the optimum bacteriostasis concentration. In addition, the HMCS4 immunological activities were explored via mortality assay in vivo. The shrimp was challenged with V. parahaemolyticus and rHMCS4 V. parahaemolyticus mixture separately. The shrimp mortality rate was significantly decreased at 96 h post-infection with rHMCS4 injection. Our data showed that shrimp HMC truncation generation upon infection was an effective immune response against invaded pathogens. Moreover, these findings may have some potential applications in shrimp industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wen
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shixiong Zhan
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mingqi Zhong
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jiehui Chen
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Cuihong You
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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26
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Immunological properties of oxygen-transport proteins: hemoglobin, hemocyanin and hemerythrin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:293-317. [PMID: 27518203 PMCID: PMC5219038 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is now well documented that peptides with enhanced or alternative functionality (termed cryptides) can be liberated from larger, and sometimes inactive, proteins. A primary example of this phenomenon is the oxygen-transport protein hemoglobin. Aside from respiration, hemoglobin and hemoglobin-derived peptides have been associated with immune modulation, hematopoiesis, signal transduction and microbicidal activities in metazoans. Likewise, the functional equivalents to hemoglobin in invertebrates, namely hemocyanin and hemerythrin, act as potent immune effectors under certain physiological conditions. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the true extent of oxygen-transport protein dynamics in innate immunity, and to impress upon the reader the multi-functionality of these ancient proteins on the basis of their structures. In this context, erythrocyte-pathogen antibiosis and the immune competences of various erythroid cells are compared across diverse taxa.
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27
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Johnson JG, Burnett LE, Burnett KG. Uncovering Hemocyanin Subunit Heterogeneity in Penaeid Shrimp using RNA-Seq. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:1080-1091. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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